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functions.txt
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================================================================================
Functions
================================================================================
SELECT MAX(id)
FROM my_table;
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(program
(statement
(select
(keyword_select)
(select_expression
(term
value: (invocation
(object_reference
name: (identifier))
parameter: (term
value: (field
name: (identifier)))))))
(from
(keyword_from)
(relation
(object_reference
name: (identifier))))))
================================================================================
No-arg functions
================================================================================
SELECT now();
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(program
(statement
(select
(keyword_select)
(select_expression
(term
value: (invocation
(object_reference
name: (identifier))))))))
================================================================================
More complex function arguments
================================================================================
SELECT
user_id,
user_defined_func(user_id, 123, other_func(user_id, 321), user_id + 1 > 5) as something,
regexp_replace(t.username, '^(.)[^@]+', '\1--', 'g') as username,
created_at
FROM my_table AS t;
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(program
(statement
(select
(keyword_select)
(select_expression
(term
value: (field
name: (identifier)))
(term
value: (invocation
(object_reference
name: (identifier))
parameter: (term
value: (field
name: (identifier)))
parameter: (term
value: (literal))
parameter: (term
value: (invocation
(object_reference
name: (identifier))
parameter: (term
value: (field
name: (identifier)))
parameter: (term
value: (literal))))
parameter: (term
value: (binary_expression
left: (binary_expression
left: (field
name: (identifier))
right: (literal))
right: (literal))))
(keyword_as)
alias: (identifier))
(term
value: (invocation
(object_reference
name: (identifier))
parameter: (term
value: (field
(object_reference
name: (identifier))
name: (identifier)))
parameter: (term
value: (literal))
parameter: (term
value: (literal))
parameter: (term
value: (literal)))
(keyword_as)
alias: (identifier))
(term
value: (field
name: (identifier)))))
(from
(keyword_from)
(relation
(object_reference
name: (identifier))
(keyword_as)
alias: (identifier)))))
================================================================================
Casts and arrays
================================================================================
select col_has_check(
'one'::name,
'two'::name,
array['three'::name, 'four'::name],
'description'
);
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(program
(statement
(select
(keyword_select)
(select_expression
(term
value: (invocation
(object_reference
name: (identifier))
parameter: (term
value: (cast
(literal)
(keyword_name)))
parameter: (term
value: (cast
(literal)
(keyword_name)))
parameter: (term
value: (array
(keyword_array)
(cast
(literal)
(keyword_name))
(cast
(literal)
(keyword_name))))
parameter: (term
value: (literal))))))))
================================================================================
Count with postgres style aggregate expression
================================================================================
SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT uid ORDER BY uid)
FROM table_a;
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(program
(statement
(select
(keyword_select)
(select_expression
(term
value: (invocation
(object_reference
name: (identifier))
(keyword_distinct)
parameter: (term
value: (field
name: (identifier)))
(order_by
(keyword_order)
(keyword_by)
(order_target
(field
name: (identifier))))))))
(from
(keyword_from)
(relation
(object_reference
name: (identifier))))))
================================================================================
GROUP CONCAT
================================================================================
SELECT GROUP_CONCAT(uid SEPARATOR ",")
FROM some_table
GROUP BY some_field;
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(program
(statement
(select
(keyword_select)
(select_expression
(term
value: (invocation
(object_reference
name: (identifier))
parameter: (term
value: (field
name: (identifier)))
(keyword_separator)
(literal)))))
(from
(keyword_from)
(relation
(object_reference
name: (identifier)))
(group_by
(keyword_group)
(keyword_by)
(field
name: (identifier))))))
================================================================================
GROUP CONCAT with all optional fields
================================================================================
SELECT GROUP_CONCAT(DISTINCT uid ORDER BY uid DESC SEPARATOR ",")
FROM some_table
GROUP BY some_field;
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(program
(statement
(select
(keyword_select)
(select_expression
(term
value: (invocation
(object_reference
name: (identifier))
(keyword_distinct)
parameter: (term
value: (field
name: (identifier)))
(order_by
(keyword_order)
(keyword_by)
(order_target
(field
name: (identifier))
(direction
(keyword_desc))))
(keyword_separator)
(literal)))))
(from
(keyword_from)
(relation
(object_reference
name: (identifier)))
(group_by
(keyword_group)
(keyword_by)
(field
name: (identifier))))))
================================================================================
GROUP CONCAT Impala
================================================================================
SELECT GROUP_CONCAT(uid, ",")
FROM some_table
GROUP BY some_field;
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(program
(statement
(select
(keyword_select)
(select_expression
(term
value: (invocation
(object_reference
name: (identifier))
parameter: (term
value: (field
name: (identifier)))
parameter: (term
value: (literal))))))
(from
(keyword_from)
(relation
(object_reference
name: (identifier)))
(group_by
(keyword_group)
(keyword_by)
(field
name: (identifier))))))
================================================================================
Unary ANY, ALL, SOME
================================================================================
SELECT *
FROM foo
WHERE id = ANY (
SELECT 1
)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(program
(statement
(select
(keyword_select)
(select_expression
(term
value: (all_fields))))
(from
(keyword_from)
(relation
(object_reference
name: (identifier)))
(where
(keyword_where)
predicate: (binary_expression
left: (field
name: (identifier))
right: (unary_expression
operator: (keyword_any)
operand: (subquery
(select
(keyword_select)
(select_expression
(term
value: (literal)))))))))))
================================================================================
In with subquery
================================================================================
SELECT *
FROM foo
WHERE id IN (
SELECT 1
FROM bar
)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(program
(statement
(select
(keyword_select)
(select_expression
(term
value: (all_fields))))
(from
(keyword_from)
(relation
(object_reference
name: (identifier)))
(where
(keyword_where)
predicate: (binary_expression
left: (field
name: (identifier))
operator: (keyword_in)
right: (subquery
(select
(keyword_select)
(select_expression
(term
value: (literal))))
(from
(keyword_from)
(relation
(object_reference
name: (identifier))))))))))
================================================================================
exists & not exists
================================================================================
SELECT *
FROM foo
WHERE (
NOT EXISTS (
SELECT 1
FROM bar
WHERE 0
) OR EXISTS (
SELECT 1
FROM baz
WHERE 1
)
)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(program
(statement
(select
(keyword_select)
(select_expression
(term
value: (all_fields))))
(from
(keyword_from)
(relation
(object_reference
name: (identifier)))
(where
(keyword_where)
predicate: (parenthesized_expression
(binary_expression
left: (unary_expression
operator: (keyword_not)
operand: (exists
(keyword_exists)
(subquery
(select
(keyword_select)
(select_expression
(term
value: (literal))))
(from
(keyword_from)
(relation
(object_reference
name: (identifier)))
(where
(keyword_where)
predicate: (literal))))))
operator: (keyword_or)
right: (exists
(keyword_exists)
(subquery
(select
(keyword_select)
(select_expression
(term
value: (literal))))
(from
(keyword_from)
(relation
(object_reference
name: (identifier)))
(where
(keyword_where)
predicate: (literal)))))))))))
================================================================================
Basic SQL function creation
================================================================================
create or replace function public.fn()
returns int
language sql
return 1;
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(program
(statement
(create_function
(keyword_create)
(keyword_or)
(keyword_replace)
(keyword_function)
(object_reference
(identifier)
(identifier))
(function_arguments)
(keyword_returns)
(int
(keyword_int))
(function_language
(keyword_language)
(identifier))
(function_body
(keyword_return)
(literal)))))
================================================================================
With arguments
================================================================================
create or replace function public.fn(one int, two text)
returns int
language sql
return 1;
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(program
(statement
(create_function
(keyword_create)
(keyword_or)
(keyword_replace)
(keyword_function)
(object_reference
(identifier)
(identifier))
(function_arguments
(function_argument
(identifier)
(int
(keyword_int)))
(function_argument
(identifier)
(keyword_text)))
(keyword_returns)
(int
(keyword_int))
(function_language
(keyword_language)
(identifier))
(function_body
(keyword_return)
(literal)))))
================================================================================
Function details
================================================================================
create or replace function public.fn()
returns int
language sql
immutable
parallel safe
leakproof
strict
cost 100
rows 1
return 1;
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(program
(statement
(create_function
(keyword_create)
(keyword_or)
(keyword_replace)
(keyword_function)
(object_reference
(identifier)
(identifier))
(function_arguments)
(keyword_returns)
(int
(keyword_int))
(function_language
(keyword_language)
(identifier))
(function_volatility
(keyword_immutable))
(function_safety
(keyword_parallel)
(keyword_safe))
(function_leakproof
(keyword_leakproof))
(function_strictness
(keyword_strict))
(function_cost
(keyword_cost))
(function_rows
(keyword_rows))
(function_body
(keyword_return)
(literal)))))
================================================================================
Function details, specified after string body
================================================================================
create or replace function public.fn()
returns int
as $$select 1$$
language sql
volatile
parallel restricted
not leakproof
returns null on null input
cost 100
rows 1;
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(program
(statement
(create_function
(keyword_create)
(keyword_or)
(keyword_replace)
(keyword_function)
(object_reference
schema: (identifier)
name: (identifier))
(function_arguments)
(keyword_returns)
(int
(keyword_int))
(function_body
(keyword_as)
(dollar_quote)
(statement
(select
(keyword_select)
(select_expression
(term
value: (literal)))))
(dollar_quote))
(function_language
(keyword_language)
(identifier))
(function_volatility
(keyword_volatile))
(function_safety
(keyword_parallel)
(keyword_restricted))
(function_leakproof
(keyword_not)
(keyword_leakproof))
(function_strictness
(keyword_returns)
(keyword_null)
(keyword_on)
(keyword_null)
(keyword_input))
(function_cost
(keyword_cost))
(function_rows
(keyword_rows)))))
================================================================================
With a string body
================================================================================
create or replace function public.fn()
returns int
language sql
as 'select 1;';
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(program
(statement
(create_function
(keyword_create)
(keyword_or)
(keyword_replace)
(keyword_function)
(object_reference
(identifier)
(identifier))
(function_arguments)
(keyword_returns)
(int
(keyword_int))
(function_language
(keyword_language)
(identifier))
(function_body
(keyword_as)
(literal)))))
================================================================================
Precedence between string body and `create table` with string options
================================================================================
create or replace function public.fn()
returns int
language sql
as 'create table x (id int) row_format=dynamic';
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(program
(statement
(create_function
(keyword_create)
(keyword_or)
(keyword_replace)
(keyword_function)
(object_reference
(identifier)
(identifier))
(function_arguments)
(keyword_returns)
(int
(keyword_int))
(function_language
(keyword_language)
(identifier))
(function_body
(keyword_as)
(literal)))))
================================================================================
With `begin atomic`
================================================================================
create or replace function public.fn()
returns int
language sql
begin atomic
return 1;
end;
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(program
(statement
(create_function
(keyword_create)
(keyword_or)
(keyword_replace)
(keyword_function)
(object_reference
(identifier)
(identifier))
(function_arguments)
(keyword_returns)
(int
(keyword_int))
(function_language
(keyword_language)
(identifier))
(function_body
(keyword_begin)
(keyword_atomic)
(keyword_return)
(literal)
(keyword_end)))))
================================================================================
Dollar quoting a simple PLPGSQL body
================================================================================
create or replace function public.fn()
returns int
language plpgsql
as $function$
begin
return 1;
end;
$function$;
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(program
(statement
(create_function
(keyword_create)
(keyword_or)
(keyword_replace)
(keyword_function)
(object_reference
(identifier)
(identifier))
(function_arguments)
(keyword_returns)
(int
(keyword_int))
(function_language
(keyword_language)
(identifier))
(function_body
(keyword_as)
(dollar_quote)
(keyword_begin)
(keyword_return)
(literal)
(keyword_end)
(dollar_quote)))))
================================================================================
Variable declarations
================================================================================
create or replace function public.fn()
returns int
language plpgsql
as $function$
declare
one int;
two text := (select 'hello');
three text := 'world';
begin
return 1;
end;
$function$;
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(program
(statement
(create_function
(keyword_create)
(keyword_or)
(keyword_replace)
(keyword_function)
(object_reference
(identifier)
(identifier))
(function_arguments)
(keyword_returns)
(int
(keyword_int))
(function_language
(keyword_language)
(identifier))
(function_body
(keyword_as)
(dollar_quote)
(keyword_declare)
(function_declaration
(identifier)
(int
(keyword_int)))
(function_declaration
(identifier)
(keyword_text)
(statement
(select
(keyword_select)
(select_expression
(term
(literal))))))
(function_declaration
(identifier)
(keyword_text)
(literal))
(keyword_begin)
(keyword_return)
(literal)
(keyword_end)
(dollar_quote)))))
================================================================================
More complex function body
================================================================================
create or replace function public.do_stuff()
returns trigger
language plpgsql
as $function$
begin
-- comment!
with knn as (
select
h.alpha,
-- TODO factor in distance
avg(e.beta) as e_beta
from htable h
cross join lateral (
select
id,
gamma,
delta,
centroid
from ftable
limit 3
) as e
group by h.alpha
)
update htable set epsilon = epsilon + e_beta
from knn
where knn.alpha = htable.alpha;
return new;
end;
$function$
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(program
(statement
(create_function
(keyword_create)
(keyword_or)
(keyword_replace)
(keyword_function)
(object_reference
(identifier)
(identifier))
(function_arguments)
(keyword_returns)
(keyword_trigger)
(function_language
(keyword_language)
(identifier))
(function_body
(keyword_as)
(dollar_quote)
(keyword_begin)
(comment)
(statement
(keyword_with)
(cte
(identifier)
(keyword_as)
(statement
(select
(keyword_select)
(select_expression
(term
(field
(object_reference
(identifier))
(identifier)))
(comment)
(term
(invocation
(object_reference
(identifier))
(term
(field
(object_reference
(identifier))
(identifier))))
(keyword_as)
(identifier))))
(from
(keyword_from)
(relation
(object_reference
(identifier))
(identifier))
(lateral_cross_join
(keyword_cross)
(keyword_join)
(keyword_lateral)
(subquery
(select
(keyword_select)
(select_expression
(term
(field
(identifier)))
(term
(field
(identifier)))
(term
(field
(identifier)))
(term
(field
(identifier)))))
(from
(keyword_from)
(relation
(object_reference
(identifier)))
(limit
(keyword_limit)
(literal))))
(keyword_as)
(identifier))
(group_by
(keyword_group)
(keyword_by)
(field
(object_reference
(identifier))
(identifier))))))
(update
(keyword_update)
(relation
(object_reference
(identifier)))
(keyword_set)
(assignment
(field
(identifier))
(binary_expression
(field
(identifier))
(field
(identifier))))
(from
(keyword_from)
(relation
(object_reference
(identifier)))
(where