diff --git a/documentation/bookmark/art/film.md b/documentation/bookmark/art/film.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..43e8f883be
--- /dev/null
+++ b/documentation/bookmark/art/film.md
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# Reference
+
+0. [What Does CINEMATIC Really Mean?](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZbByKUDJlbI)
+0. [How To Analyze Movies – Film Studies 101](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ahHIifcFyqk)
+
diff --git a/lux-c++/source/program.lux b/lux-c++/source/program.lux
index dd5f557c49..0fa1a077de 100644
--- a/lux-c++/source/program.lux
+++ b/lux-c++/source/program.lux
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 ... https://github.com/wlav/cppyy
 (.require
  [library
-  [lux (.except)
+  [lux (.except tuple)
    [program (.only program)]
    ["[0]" ffi (.only import)]
    [abstract
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@
 (the (runtime globals)
   (-> Any
       Runtime)
-  (getattr globals /runtime.namespace))
+  (getattr [globals /runtime.namespace]))
 
 (with_template [<short> <type>]
   [(the (<short> @ it)
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@
          <type>)
      (let [on (as (-> Any
                       <type>)
-                  (getattr @ (template.symbol [/runtime._] [<short>])))]
+                  (getattr [@ (template.symbol [/runtime._] [<short>])]))]
        (on it)))]
 
   [object_tag Nat]
@@ -141,14 +141,14 @@
                       []
                       (.python_object_none#)))
       (array.has! 2 choice)
-      ..tuple))
+      [] ..tuple))
 
 (the (tuple::member @ member it)
   (-> Runtime Nat Any
       Value)
   (let [on (as (-> Nat Any
                    Value)
-               (getattr @ /runtime.tuple::member))]
+               (getattr [@ /runtime.tuple::member]))]
     (on member it)))
 
 (the (lux_tuple @ lux_value input)
@@ -176,7 +176,7 @@
     ... /runtime.f64_tag
 
     /runtime.text_tag
-    (..str (lux_text @ it))
+    (..str [(lux_text @ it)])
 
     /runtime.variant_tag
     (lux_variant (variant::lefts @ it)
@@ -211,7 +211,7 @@
                                    [_ (cppyy::cppdef (_.code definition))
                                     .let [globals (io.run! (cppyy::gbl))
                                           it (lux_value (..runtime globals)
-                                                        (getattr globals global))]
+                                                        (getattr [globals global]))]
                                     _ (cppyy::cppexec (_.code (_.; (_.:= (_.local global) /runtime.unit))))]
                                    (in it)))))))
             execute! (is (-> /runtime.Declaration
@@ -236,12 +236,12 @@
                     _ (execute! definition)
                     .let [globals (io.run! (cppyy::gbl))
                           value (lux_value (..runtime globals)
-                                           (getattr globals global))]]
+                                           (getattr [globals global]))]]
                    (in [global value definition]))))
 
              (the (ingest context content)
                (|> content
-                   (of utf8.codec projection)
+                   (of utf8.format projection)
                    try.trusted
                    (as /runtime.Declaration)))
 
@@ -270,7 +270,7 @@
           platform.#runtime /runtime.translation
 
           platform.#phase_wrapper ..phase_wrapper
-          platform.#write (|>> _.code (of utf8.codec injection))]])))
+          platform.#write (|>> _.code (of utf8.format injection))]])))
 
 (the (extender _)
   Extender
diff --git a/lux-js/source/program.lux b/lux-js/source/program.lux
index 48eed5ec7c..c1e265a21e 100644
--- a/lux-js/source/program.lux
+++ b/lux-js/source/program.lux
@@ -559,7 +559,7 @@
 
                          (the (ingest context content)
                            (|> content
-                               (of utf8.codec projection)
+                               (of utf8.format projection)
                                try.trusted
                                (as _.Statement)))
 
@@ -621,7 +621,7 @@
 
                        (the (ingest context content)
                          (|> content
-                             (of utf8.codec projection)
+                             (of utf8.format projection)
                              try.trusted
                              (as _.Statement)))
 
@@ -660,7 +660,7 @@
          platform.#phase js.expression
          platform.#runtime runtime.translate
          platform.#phase_wrapper ..phase_wrapper
-         platform.#write (|>> _.code (of utf8.codec injection))])))
+         platform.#write (|>> _.code (of utf8.format injection))])))
 
 (the (lux_program context program)
   (Program _.Expression _.Statement)
diff --git a/lux-lua/source/program.lux b/lux-lua/source/program.lux
index f3d1a8b986..3f4db4a909 100644
--- a/lux-lua/source/program.lux
+++ b/lux-lua/source/program.lux
@@ -732,7 +732,7 @@
 
                                              (the (ingest context content)
                                                (|> content
-                                                   (of utf8.codec projection)
+                                                   (of utf8.format projection)
                                                    try.trusted
                                                    (as _.Statement)))
 
@@ -775,7 +775,7 @@
 
                                 (the (ingest context content)
                                   (|> content
-                                      (of utf8.codec projection)
+                                      (of utf8.format projection)
                                       try.trusted
                                       (as _.Statement)))
 
@@ -857,7 +857,7 @@
                                   platform.#phase lua.expression
                                   platform.#runtime runtime.translate
                                   platform.#phase_wrapper (..phase_wrapper ..to_host)
-                                  platform.#write (|>> _.code (of utf8.codec injection))]])))]
+                                  platform.#write (|>> _.code (of utf8.format injection))]])))]
   (for .old <jvm>
        .jvm <jvm>
        .lua (the platform
@@ -869,7 +869,7 @@
                      platform.#phase lua.expression
                      platform.#runtime runtime.translate
                      platform.#phase_wrapper (..phase_wrapper ..to_host)
-                     platform.#write (|>> _.code (of utf8.codec injection))])))))
+                     platform.#write (|>> _.code (of utf8.format injection))])))))
 
 (the (lux_program context program)
   (Program _.Expression _.Statement)
diff --git a/lux-mode/lux-mode.el b/lux-mode/lux-mode.el
index 4df2451f7d..46ad687a4f 100644
--- a/lux-mode/lux-mode.el
+++ b/lux-mode/lux-mode.el
@@ -441,7 +441,7 @@ Called by `imenu--generic-function'."
 							"for"
 							"io"
 							"infix"
-							"format"
+							"message"
 							"regex")
 						   "\\>"))))
 		   (separator "\\.")
diff --git a/lux-php/source/program.lux b/lux-php/source/program.lux
index 41bca4cea6..862b31001e 100644
--- a/lux-php/source/program.lux
+++ b/lux-php/source/program.lux
@@ -499,7 +499,7 @@
 
              (the (ingest context content)
                (|> content
-                   (of utf8.codec projection)
+                   (of utf8.format projection)
                    try.trusted
                    (as _.Statement)))
 
@@ -519,7 +519,7 @@
            platform.#host host
            platform.#phase php.translate
            platform.#runtime runtime.translate
-           platform.#write (|>> _.code (of utf8.codec injection))])))
+           platform.#write (|>> _.code (of utf8.format injection))])))
 
 (the (program context program)
   (Program _.Expression _.Statement)
diff --git a/lux-python/source/program.lux b/lux-python/source/program.lux
index 76571fcd51..65912b5eb1 100644
--- a/lux-python/source/program.lux
+++ b/lux-python/source/program.lux
@@ -443,7 +443,7 @@
 
                                      (the (ingest context content)
                                        (|> content
-                                           (of utf8.codec projection)
+                                           (of utf8.format projection)
                                            try.trusted
                                            (as (_.Statement Any))))
 
@@ -487,7 +487,7 @@
 
                            (the (ingest context content)
                              (|> content
-                                 (of utf8.codec projection)
+                                 (of utf8.format projection)
                                  try.trusted
                                  (as (_.Statement Any))))
 
@@ -544,7 +544,7 @@
          platform.#phase python.expression
          platform.#runtime runtime.translate
          platform.#phase_wrapper ..phase_wrapper
-         platform.#write (|>> _.code (of utf8.codec injection))])))
+         platform.#write (|>> _.code (of utf8.format injection))])))
 
 (the (lux_program context program)
   (Program (_.Expression Any) (_.Statement Any))
diff --git a/lux-r/source/program.lux b/lux-r/source/program.lux
index 7126f7a571..8fe19c91eb 100644
--- a/lux-r/source/program.lux
+++ b/lux-r/source/program.lux
@@ -538,7 +538,7 @@
 
               (the (ingest context content)
                 (|> content
-                    (of utf8.codec projection)
+                    (of utf8.format projection)
                     try.trusted
                     (as _.Expression)))
 
@@ -561,7 +561,7 @@
             platform.#host host
             platform.#phase r.translate
             platform.#runtime runtime.translate
-            platform.#write (|>> _.code (of utf8.codec injection))]])))
+            platform.#write (|>> _.code (of utf8.format injection))]])))
 
 (the (program context program)
   (Program _.Expression _.Expression)
diff --git a/lux-ruby/source/program.lux b/lux-ruby/source/program.lux
index 0665426977..ecf544fa84 100644
--- a/lux-ruby/source/program.lux
+++ b/lux-ruby/source/program.lux
@@ -772,7 +772,7 @@
 
              (the (ingest context content)
                (|> content
-                   (of utf8.codec projection)
+                   (of utf8.format projection)
                    try.trusted
                    (as _.Statement)))
 
@@ -974,7 +974,7 @@
          platform.#phase ruby.expression
          platform.#runtime runtime.translate
          platform.#phase_wrapper ..phase_wrapper
-         platform.#write (|>> _.code (of utf8.codec injection))])))
+         platform.#write (|>> _.code (of utf8.format injection))])))
 
 (the (lux_program context program)
   (Program _.Expression _.Statement)
diff --git a/stdlib/source/documentation/lux.lux b/stdlib/source/documentation/lux.lux
index 7d5041bbff..2a24e5e26c 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/documentation/lux.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/documentation/lux.lux
@@ -154,11 +154,11 @@
           "Existential quantification."
 
           ($.example (' (for_some (_ a)
-                          [(Codec Text a) a])))
+                          [(Format Text a) a])))
           
           ($.comment "A name can be provided, to specify a recursive type.")
           ($.example (' (for_some (Self a)
-                          [(Codec Text a)
+                          [(Format Text a)
                            a
                            (List (Self a))]))))
         ))
@@ -594,7 +594,7 @@
                                ["M" monad (.except)]]
                               [data
                                maybe
-                               ["[0]" name (.use "[1]#[0]" codec)]]
+                               ["[0]" name (.use "[1]#[0]" format)]]
                               [macro
                                code]]
                              [//
@@ -602,10 +602,10 @@
 
             ($.definition /.of
               "Allows accessing the value of a implementation's member."
-              ($.example (' (of codec injection)))
+              ($.example (' (of format injection)))
 
               ($.comment "Also allows using that value as a function.")
-              ($.example (' (of codec injection +123))))
+              ($.example (' (of format injection +123))))
 
             ($.definition /.has
               "Sets the value of a record at a given tag."
@@ -705,7 +705,7 @@
                                 [<tests> (with_template [<function> <parameter> <expected>]
                                            [(cover [<function>]
                                                    (compare <text>
-                                                            (of codec injection <function> <parameter>)))]
+                                                            (of format injection <function> <parameter>)))]
 
                                            [bit #1                "#1"]
                                            [int +123              "+123"]
diff --git a/stdlib/source/documentation/lux/abstract.lux b/stdlib/source/documentation/lux/abstract.lux
index f0a0c40d8e..25802c8916 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/documentation/lux/abstract.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/documentation/lux/abstract.lux
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
      ["[0]" list]]]]]
  ["[0]" /
   ["[1][0]" apply]
-  ["[1][0]" codec]
+  ["[1][0]" format]
   ["[1][0]" comonad]
   ["[1][0]" enum]
   ["[1][0]" equivalence]
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@
   (.List $.Documentation)
   (list.together
    (list /apply.documentation
-         /codec.documentation
+         /format.documentation
          /comonad.documentation
          /enum.documentation
          /equivalence.documentation
diff --git a/stdlib/source/documentation/lux/abstract/codec.lux b/stdlib/source/documentation/lux/abstract/format.lux
similarity index 60%
rename from stdlib/source/documentation/lux/abstract/codec.lux
rename to stdlib/source/documentation/lux/abstract/format.lux
index 4e1b291ee7..d877edb5ca 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/documentation/lux/abstract/codec.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/documentation/lux/abstract/format.lux
@@ -13,13 +13,13 @@
   (list ($.module /._
                   "")
         
-        ($.definition (/.Codec medium value)
+        ($.definition (/.Format medium value)
           "A way to move back-and-forth between a type and an alternative representation for it.")
 
         ($.definition /.composite
-          "Codec composition."
-          ($.example (' (is (Codec c a)
-                            (composite (is (Codec c b)
-                                           cb_codec)
-                                       (is (Codec b a)
-                                           ba_codec))))))))
+          "Format composition."
+          ($.example (' (is (Format c a)
+                            (composite (is (Format c b)
+                                           cb_format)
+                                       (is (Format b a)
+                                           ba_format))))))))
diff --git a/stdlib/source/documentation/lux/control/projection.lux b/stdlib/source/documentation/lux/control/projection.lux
index 09e13c0083..d3654bdef9 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/documentation/lux/control/projection.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/documentation/lux/control/projection.lux
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@
                      \n "That way, the same input can be consumed again by another projection.")
           ($.example (' (speculative projection))))
 
-        ($.definition /.codec
-          "Decode the output of a projection using a codec."
-          ($.example (' (codec codec projection))))
+        ($.definition /.format
+          "Decode the output of a projection using a format."
+          ($.example (' (format format projection))))
         ))
diff --git a/stdlib/source/documentation/lux/data/bit.lux b/stdlib/source/documentation/lux/data/bit.lux
index d0616acffc..51b312fbe5 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/documentation/lux/data/bit.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/documentation/lux/data/bit.lux
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@
         ($.definition /.hash)
         ($.definition /.disjunction)
         ($.definition /.conjunction)
-        ($.definition /.codec)
+        ($.definition /.format)
 
         ($.definition /.complement
           (%.message "Generates the complement of a predicate."
diff --git a/stdlib/source/documentation/lux/data/format/json.lux b/stdlib/source/documentation/lux/data/format/json.lux
index e5da1a9eb4..06ed0b09db 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/documentation/lux/data/format/json.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/documentation/lux/data/format/json.lux
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@
                     ($.definition /.object)
                     ($.definition /.equivalence)
                     ($.definition /.injection)
-                    ($.definition /.codec)
+                    ($.definition /.format)
 
                     ($.definition /.json
                       "A simple way to produce JSON literals."
diff --git a/stdlib/source/documentation/lux/data/format/xml.lux b/stdlib/source/documentation/lux/data/format/xml.lux
index ec6b40e272..c19876f9e5 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/documentation/lux/data/format/xml.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/documentation/lux/data/format/xml.lux
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@
                 ($.definition /.Attribute)
                 ($.definition /.Attrs)
                 ($.definition /.XML)
-                ($.definition /.codec)
+                ($.definition /.format)
                 ($.definition /.equivalence)
 
                 ($.definition /.attributes
diff --git a/stdlib/source/documentation/lux/data/text/encoding/utf8.lux b/stdlib/source/documentation/lux/data/text/encoding/utf8.lux
index 2e11932fdf..d6adbc14ec 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/documentation/lux/data/text/encoding/utf8.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/documentation/lux/data/text/encoding/utf8.lux
@@ -13,6 +13,6 @@
   (list ($.module /._
                   "")
 
-        ($.definition /.codec
-          "A codec for binary encoding of text as UTF-8.")
+        ($.definition /.format
+          "A format for binary encoding of text as UTF-8.")
         ))
diff --git a/stdlib/source/documentation/lux/math/arithmetic/modular.lux b/stdlib/source/documentation/lux/math/arithmetic/modular.lux
index 72dd366446..f599256bab 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/documentation/lux/math/arithmetic/modular.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/documentation/lux/math/arithmetic/modular.lux
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
         ($.definition /.modulus)
         ($.definition /.value)
         ($.definition /.incorrect_modulus)
-        ($.definition /.codec)
+        ($.definition /.format)
 
         ($.definition /.=)
         ($.definition /.<)
diff --git a/stdlib/source/documentation/lux/math/number/frac.lux b/stdlib/source/documentation/lux/math/number/frac.lux
index a337812599..66a6d7688d 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/documentation/lux/math/number/frac.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/documentation/lux/math/number/frac.lux
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@
         ($.definition /./)
         ($.definition /.%)
         ($.definition /.reciprocal)
-        ($.definition /.codec)
+        ($.definition /.format)
         ($.definition /.addition)
         ($.definition /.multiplication)
 
diff --git a/stdlib/source/documentation/lux/world/time.lux b/stdlib/source/documentation/lux/world/time.lux
index 1dc61f2072..125312a972 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/documentation/lux/world/time.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/documentation/lux/world/time.lux
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@
                       ""
                       ($.example (' (time clock))))
 
-                    ($.definition /.codec
+                    ($.definition /.format
                       (%.message "Based on ISO 8601."
                                  \n "For example: 21:14:51.827"))
 
diff --git a/stdlib/source/documentation/lux/world/time/date.lux b/stdlib/source/documentation/lux/world/time/date.lux
index 10bd946c64..9685bddf56 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/documentation/lux/world/time/date.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/documentation/lux/world/time/date.lux
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@
           "A date, within the allowed limits."
           ($.example (' (date year month day_of_month))))
 
-        ($.definition /.codec
+        ($.definition /.format
           (%.message "Based on ISO 8601."
                      \n "For example: 2017-01-15"))
         ))
diff --git a/stdlib/source/documentation/lux/world/time/day.lux b/stdlib/source/documentation/lux/world/time/day.lux
index 4f05497c60..e8561ac186 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/documentation/lux/world/time/day.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/documentation/lux/world/time/day.lux
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
         ($.definition /.order)
         ($.definition /.enum)
         ($.definition /.not_a_day_of_the_week)
-        ($.definition /.codec)
+        ($.definition /.format)
         ($.definition /.number)
         ($.definition /.invalid_day)
         ($.definition /.by_number)
diff --git a/stdlib/source/documentation/lux/world/time/duration.lux b/stdlib/source/documentation/lux/world/time/duration.lux
index cb974587b9..7f9aeed9c9 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/documentation/lux/world/time/duration.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/documentation/lux/world/time/duration.lux
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@
         ($.definition /.normal_year)
         ($.definition /.leap_year)
         ($.definition /.monoid)
-        ($.definition /.codec)
+        ($.definition /.format)
         ($.definition /.enum)
 
         ($.definition /.Duration
diff --git a/stdlib/source/documentation/lux/world/time/instant.lux b/stdlib/source/documentation/lux/world/time/instant.lux
index 5b54827d2a..e9f801dd2d 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/documentation/lux/world/time/instant.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/documentation/lux/world/time/instant.lux
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@
         ($.definition /.epoch
           "The instant corresponding to 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z.")
 
-        ($.definition /.codec
+        ($.definition /.format
           (%.message "Based on ISO 8601."
                      \n "For example: 2017-01-15T21:14:51.827Z"))
 
diff --git a/stdlib/source/documentation/lux/world/time/month.lux b/stdlib/source/documentation/lux/world/time/month.lux
index c14d8664f6..4420f5d49a 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/documentation/lux/world/time/month.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/documentation/lux/world/time/month.lux
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
         ($.definition /.order)
         ($.definition /.enum)
         ($.definition /.not_a_month_of_the_year)
-        ($.definition /.codec)
+        ($.definition /.format)
 
         ($.definition /.Month
           "A month of the year.")
diff --git a/stdlib/source/documentation/lux/world/time/year.lux b/stdlib/source/documentation/lux/world/time/year.lux
index ef72d9adbc..1d4eb61cfe 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/documentation/lux/world/time/year.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/documentation/lux/world/time/year.lux
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@
           "The number of leap years in a period of years."
           ($.example (' (leaps year))))
 
-        ($.definition /.codec
+        ($.definition /.format
           (%.message "Based on ISO 8601."
                      \n "For example: 2017"))
         ))
diff --git a/stdlib/source/injection/lux/data/binary.lux b/stdlib/source/injection/lux/data/binary.lux
index cd89975c37..8929c3ae62 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/injection/lux/data/binary.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/injection/lux/data/binary.lux
@@ -197,7 +197,7 @@
 (with_template [<name> <binary>]
   [(the .public <name>
      (Injection Text)
-     (|>> (of utf8.codec injection) <binary>))]
+     (|>> (of utf8.format injection) <binary>))]
 
   [utf8_8  ..binary_8]
   [utf8_16 ..binary_16]
diff --git a/stdlib/source/injection/lux/data/text.lux b/stdlib/source/injection/lux/data/text.lux
index 88fb446b74..c2da1c0fc7 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/injection/lux/data/text.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/injection/lux/data/text.lux
@@ -66,14 +66,14 @@
      (Injection <type>)
      <injection>)]
 
-  [bit      Bit               (of bit.codec injection)]
+  [bit      Bit               (of bit.format injection)]
   [nat      Nat               (of nat.decimal injection)]
   [int      Int               (of int.decimal injection)]
   [rev      Rev               (of rev.decimal injection)]
   [dec      Dec               (of dec.decimal injection)]
   [text     Text              text.injection]
   
-  [frac     frac.Frac         (of frac.codec injection)]
+  [frac     frac.Frac         (of frac.format injection)]
   [complex  complex.Complex   complex.injection]
   
   [symbol   Symbol            (of symbol.absolute injection)]
@@ -81,15 +81,15 @@
   [code     Code              code.absolute]
   [type     Type              type.absolute_injection]
   
-  [instant  instant.Instant   (of instant.codec injection)]
-  [duration duration.Duration (of duration.codec injection)]
-  [date     date.Date         (of date.codec injection)]
-  [time     time.Time         (of time.codec injection)]
-  [day      day.Day           (of day.codec injection)]
-  [month    month.Month       (of month.codec injection)]
+  [instant  instant.Instant   (of instant.format injection)]
+  [duration duration.Duration (of duration.format injection)]
+  [date     date.Date         (of date.format injection)]
+  [time     time.Time         (of time.format injection)]
+  [day      day.Day           (of day.format injection)]
+  [month    month.Month       (of month.format injection)]
   
-  [xml      xml.XML           (of xml.codec injection)]
-  [json     json.JSON         (of json.codec injection)]
+  [xml      xml.XML           (of xml.format injection)]
+  [json     json.JSON         (of json.format injection)]
   )
 
 (with_template [<name>]
@@ -110,13 +110,13 @@
   [permyriad]
   )
 
-(with_template [<type> <injection>,<codec>]
-  [(`` (with_template [<injection> <codec>]
+(with_template [<type> <injection>,<format>]
+  [(`` (with_template [<injection> <format>]
          [(the .public <injection>
             (Injection <type>)
-            (of <codec> injection))]
+            (of <format> injection))]
 
-         (,, (template.spliced <injection>,<codec>))))]
+         (,, (template.spliced <injection>,<format>))))]
 
   [Nat
    [[nat_2 nat.binary]
@@ -152,8 +152,8 @@
 (the .public (mod modular)
   (for_any (_ %)
     (Injection (modular.Mod %)))
-  (let [codec (modular.codec (modular.modulus modular))]
-    (of codec injection modular)))
+  (let [format (modular.format (modular.modulus modular))]
+    (of format injection modular)))
 
 (the .public (list injection)
   (for_any (_ of)
diff --git a/stdlib/source/library/lux/abstract/codec.lux b/stdlib/source/library/lux/abstract/format.lux
similarity index 61%
rename from stdlib/source/library/lux/abstract/codec.lux
rename to stdlib/source/library/lux/abstract/format.lux
index 5d27c3f8fc..ba9a94bb95 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/library/lux/abstract/codec.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/library/lux/abstract/format.lux
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 ... This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public License, v. 2.0.
 ... If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this file, You can obtain one at https://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
 
+... https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Content_format
 (.require
  [library
   [lux (.except)
@@ -10,7 +11,7 @@
   [monad (.only do)]
   ["[0]" functor]])
 
-(every .public (Codec super sub)
+(every .public (Format super sub)
   (Interface
    (is (-> sub
            super)
@@ -19,16 +20,16 @@
            (Try sub))
        projection)))
 
-(the .public (composite codec_21 codec_10)
+(the .public (composite format_21 format_10)
   (for_any (_ @0 @1 @2)
-    (-> (Codec @2 @1) (Codec @1 @0)
-        (Codec @2 @0)))
+    (-> (Format @2 @1) (Format @1 @0)
+        (Format @2 @0)))
   (implementation
    (the injection
-     (|>> (of codec_10 injection)
-          (of codec_21 injection)))
+     (|>> (of format_10 injection)
+          (of format_21 injection)))
 
    (the (projection cy)
      (do try.monad
-       [by (of codec_21 projection cy)]
-       (of codec_10 projection by)))))
+       [by (of format_21 projection cy)]
+       (of format_10 projection by)))))
diff --git a/stdlib/source/library/lux/control/projection.lux b/stdlib/source/library/lux/control/projection.lux
index 8d1782849c..fd15402095 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/library/lux/control/projection.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/library/lux/control/projection.lux
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
     [functor (.only Functor)]
     [apply (.only Apply)]
     [monad (.only Monad do)]
-    [codec (.only Codec)]]
+    [format (.only Format)]]
    [control
     ["[0]" try (.only Try)]]
    [data
@@ -229,14 +229,14 @@
 
                <handle_failure!>)))
 
-         (the .public (codec codec projection)
+         (the .public (format format projection)
            (for_any (_ state medium of)
-             (-> (Codec medium of) (Projection state medium)
+             (-> (Format medium of) (Projection state medium)
                  (Projection state of)))
            (function (_ input)
              (when (projection input)
                {try.#Success [input' to_decode]}
-               (when (of codec projection to_decode)
+               (when (of format projection to_decode)
                  {try.#Success value}
                  {try.#Success [input' value]}
 
diff --git a/stdlib/source/library/lux/data/bit.lux b/stdlib/source/library/lux/data/bit.lux
index 572ba2d90a..6fef5c9126 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/library/lux/data/bit.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/library/lux/data/bit.lux
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
     [monoid (.only Monoid)]
     [equivalence (.only Equivalence)]
     [hash (.only Hash)]
-    [codec (.only Codec)]]
+    [format (.only Format)]]
    [meta
     ["[0]" location]]]])
 
@@ -61,8 +61,8 @@
 (the false_injection "#0")
 (the true_injection "#1")
 
-(the .public codec
-  (Codec Text Bit)
+(the .public format
+  (Format Text Bit)
   (implementation
    (the (injection x)
      (if x
diff --git a/stdlib/source/library/lux/data/format/json.lux b/stdlib/source/library/lux/data/format/json.lux
index d738348413..09af15c96e 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/library/lux/data/format/json.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/library/lux/data/format/json.lux
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
   [lux (.except has nat int rev list)
    [abstract
     [equivalence (.only Equivalence)]
-    [codec (.only Codec)]
+    [format (.only Format)]
     ["[0]" monad (.only do)]]
    [control
     ["<>" projection (.use "[1]#[0]" monad)]
@@ -421,7 +421,7 @@
                      (|> <text>.hexadecimal!
                          (<text>.exactly! 4)
                          <text>.slice
-                         (<>.codec nat.hex)
+                         (<>.format nat.hex)
                          (<>#each text.of_char)))
            )))
 
@@ -480,8 +480,8 @@
               (array_projection json_projection)
               (object_projection json_projection))))))
 
-(the .public codec
-  (Codec Text JSON)
+(the .public format
+  (Format Text JSON)
   (implementation
    (the injection ..injection)
    (the projection (<text>.value json_projection))))
@@ -489,12 +489,12 @@
 (exception.the (cannot_project [it])
   (Exception JSON)
   (exception.report
-   (.list ["JSON" (with ..codec
+   (.list ["JSON" (with ..format
                     (injection it))])))
 
 (with_template [,name ,type ,tag]
   [(the .public ,name
-     (Codec JSON ,type)
+     (Format JSON ,type)
      (implementation
       (the injection (|>> {,tag}))
       (the (projection it)
@@ -515,7 +515,7 @@
 (the high_mask Nat (|> low_mask (i64.left_shifted 32)))
 
 (the .public nat
-  (Codec JSON Nat)
+  (Format JSON Nat)
   (implementation
    (the (injection input)
      (let [high (|> input (i64.and high_mask) (i64.right_shifted 32))
@@ -537,7 +537,7 @@
        (exception.except ..cannot_project [it])))))
 
 (the .public int
-  (Codec JSON Int)
+  (Format JSON Int)
   (implementation
    (the injection
      (|>> .nat
@@ -547,7 +547,7 @@
           (of try.functor each (|>> .int))))))
 
 (the .public rev
-  (Codec JSON Rev)
+  (Format JSON Rev)
   (implementation
    (the injection
      (|>> .nat
@@ -556,32 +556,32 @@
      (|>> (of ..nat projection)
           (of try.functor each (|>> .rev))))))
 
-(with_template [,name ,type ,codec]
+(with_template [,name ,type ,format]
   [(the .public ,name
-     (Codec JSON ,type)
+     (Format JSON ,type)
      (implementation
       (the injection
-        (|>> (of ,codec injection)
+        (|>> (of ,format injection)
              {#String}))
       (the (projection it)
         (when it
           {#String it}
-          (of ,codec projection it)
+          (of ,format projection it)
           
           _
           (exception.except ..cannot_project [it])))))]
 
-  [duration duration.Duration duration.codec]
-  [instant instant.Instant instant.codec]
-  [date date.Date date.codec]
-  [day day.Day day.codec]
-  [month month.Month month.codec]
+  [duration duration.Duration duration.format]
+  [instant instant.Instant instant.format]
+  [date date.Date date.format]
+  [day day.Day day.format]
+  [month month.Month month.format]
   )
 
 (the .public (sum left right)
   (for_any (_ left right)
-    (-> (Codec JSON left) (Codec JSON right)
-        (Codec JSON (Or left right))))
+    (-> (Format JSON left) (Format JSON right)
+        (Format JSON (Or left right))))
   (implementation
    (the (injection it)
      {#Array (sequence (when it
@@ -594,9 +594,9 @@
      (when it
        {#Array it'}
        (`` (when (sequence.list it')
-             (,, (with_template [,flag ,codec]
+             (,, (with_template [,flag ,format]
                    [(.list {#Boolean ,flag} it)
-                    (try#each (|>> {,flag}) (with ,codec (projection it)))]
+                    (try#each (|>> {,flag}) (with ,format (projection it)))]
 
                    [#0 left]
                    [#1 right]
@@ -610,8 +610,8 @@
 
 (the .public (product left right)
   (for_any (_ left right)
-    (-> (Codec JSON left) (Codec JSON right)
-        (Codec JSON (And left right))))
+    (-> (Format JSON left) (Format JSON right)
+        (Format JSON (And left right))))
   (implementation
    (the (injection [itL itR])
      {#Array (sequence (with left (injection itL))
@@ -634,9 +634,9 @@
 
 (the .public (recursive context)
   (for_any (_ of)
-    (-> (-> (Codec JSON of)
-            (Codec JSON of))
-        (Codec JSON of)))
+    (-> (-> (Format JSON of)
+            (Format JSON of))
+        (Format JSON of)))
   (implementation
    (the (injection it)
      (with (context [injection
@@ -649,8 +649,8 @@
 
 (the .public (list item)
   (for_any (_ of)
-    (-> (Codec JSON of)
-        (Codec JSON (List of))))
+    (-> (Format JSON of)
+        (Format JSON (List of))))
   (implementation
    (the injection
      (|>> (list#each (with item injection))
@@ -668,8 +668,8 @@
 
 (the .public (dictionary value)
   (for_any (_ of)
-    (-> (Codec JSON of)
-        (Codec JSON (Dictionary Text of))))
+    (-> (Format JSON of)
+        (Format JSON (Dictionary Text of))))
   (implementation
    (the injection
      (|>> (dictionary#each (of value injection))
diff --git a/stdlib/source/library/lux/data/format/tar.lux b/stdlib/source/library/lux/data/format/tar.lux
index 427d421dd9..be873c2433 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/library/lux/data/format/tar.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/library/lux/data/format/tar.lux
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
    [ffi (.only)]
    [abstract
     [monad (.only do)]
-    [codec (.only Codec)]]
+    [format (.only Format)]]
    [control
     ["<>" projection]
     ["[0]" pipe]
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@
               (of n.octal injection)
               (..octal_padding <size>)
               (text.suffix suffix)
-              (of utf8.codec injection)
+              (of utf8.format injection)
               (!binary.segment padded_size))))
 
      (the <coercion>
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@
   (Projection Small)
   (<| (function (_ state))
       (parsed state digits (?binary.segment ..small_size))
-      (parsed state digits (<>.of_try (of utf8.codec projection digits)))
+      (parsed state digits (<>.of_try (of utf8.format projection digits)))
       (parsed state _ ..small_suffix)
       (do [! try.monad]
         [value (of n.octal projection digits)
@@ -172,7 +172,7 @@
   (Projection Big)
   (<| (function (_ state))
       (parsed state digits (?binary.segment ..big_size))
-      (parsed state digits (<>.of_try (of utf8.codec projection digits)))
+      (parsed state digits (<>.of_try (of utf8.format projection digits)))
       (parsed state end ?binary.bits_8)
       (let [expected (`` (char (,, (static ..blank))))])
       (if (not (n.= expected end))
@@ -205,7 +205,7 @@
   (the checksum_checksum
     (|> ..dummy_checksum
         nominal.representation
-        (of utf8.codec injection)
+        (of utf8.format injection)
         ..checksum))
 
   (the checksum_code
@@ -224,14 +224,14 @@
     (let [padded_size (n.+ (text.size ..checksum_suffix)
                            ..small_size)]
       (|>> nominal.representation
-           (of utf8.codec injection)
+           (of utf8.format injection)
            (!binary.segment padded_size))))
 
   (the checksum_projection
     (Projection [Nat Checksum])
     (<| (function (_ state))
         (parsed state ascii (?binary.segment ..small_size))
-        (parsed state digits (<>.of_try (of utf8.codec projection ascii)))
+        (parsed state digits (<>.of_try (of utf8.format projection ascii)))
         (parsed state _ ..small_suffix)
         (parsed state value (<>.of_try
                              (of n.octal projection digits)))
@@ -246,7 +246,7 @@
 (the ascii?
   (-> Text
       Bit)
-  (|>> (of utf8.codec injection)
+  (|>> (of utf8.format injection)
        (binary.mix (function (_ char verdict)
                      (.and verdict
                            (n.<= ..last_ascii char)))
@@ -270,7 +270,7 @@
     size
     (loop (again [end (-- size)])
       (when end
-        0 (of utf8.codec injection "")
+        0 (of utf8.format injection "")
         _ (let [last_char (binary!.bits_8 end string)]
             (`` (when (.nat last_char)
                   (char (,, (static ..null)))
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@
            (Try <type>))
        (if (..ascii? value)
          (if (|> value
-                 (of utf8.codec injection)
+                 (of utf8.format injection)
                  binary!.size
                  (n.> <size>))
            (exception.except <exception> [value])
@@ -313,7 +313,7 @@
              padded_size (n.+ (text.size suffix) <size>)]
          (|>> nominal.representation
               (text.suffix suffix)
-              (of utf8.codec injection)
+              (of utf8.format injection)
               (!binary.segment padded_size))))
 
      (the <projection>
@@ -325,7 +325,7 @@
            (if (not (n.= expected end))
              (exception.except ..wrong_character [expected end]))
            (do [! try.monad]
-             [text (of utf8.codec projection (..un_padded string))
+             [text (of utf8.format projection (..un_padded string))
               it (<in> text)]
              (in [state it]))))
 
@@ -356,7 +356,7 @@
     (let [padded_size (n.+ (text.size ..null)
                            ..magic_size)]
       (|>> nominal.representation
-           (of utf8.codec injection)
+           (of utf8.format injection)
            (!binary.segment padded_size))))
 
   (the magic_projection
@@ -368,7 +368,7 @@
         (if (not (n.= expected end))
           (exception.except ..wrong_character [expected end]))
         (of try.monad each (|>> nominal.abstraction [state])
-            (of utf8.codec projection string))))
+            (of utf8.format projection string))))
   )
 
 (the block_size Size 512)
@@ -849,7 +849,7 @@
       Nat)
   (let [|checksum| (|> checksum
                        ..from_checksum
-                       (of utf8.codec injection)
+                       (of utf8.format injection)
                        ..checksum)]
     (|> (..checksum header)
         (n.- |checksum|)
@@ -1006,8 +1006,8 @@
       (of <>.monad each sequence.of_list)
       (<>.before ..end_of_archive_projection)))
 
-(the .public codec
-  (Codec Binary Tar)
+(the .public format
+  (Format Binary Tar)
   (implementation
    (the injection (!binary.value ..injection))
    (the projection (?binary.value ..projection))))
diff --git a/stdlib/source/library/lux/data/format/xml.lux b/stdlib/source/library/lux/data/format/xml.lux
index 45427bd68f..f04c43ddbf 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/library/lux/data/format/xml.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/library/lux/data/format/xml.lux
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
    [abstract
     [monad (.only do)]
     [equivalence (.only Equivalence)]
-    [codec (.only Codec)]]
+    [format (.only Format)]]
    [control
     [try (.only Try)]
     ["<>" projection (.use "[1]#[0]" monad)]]
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@
   (|> (do [! <>.monad]
         [hex? (<>.maybe (<text>.this "x"))]
         (<| (of ! each (|>> .nat text.of_char))
-            (<>.codec int.decimal)
+            (<>.format int.decimal)
             <text>.slice
             <text>.many!
             (when hex?
@@ -239,8 +239,8 @@
          " encoding=" (quote "UTF-8")
          "?>")))
 
-(the .public codec
-  (Codec Text XML)
+(the .public format
+  (Format Text XML)
   (implementation
    (the injection
      (let [attributes (is (-> Attrs Text)
diff --git a/stdlib/source/library/lux/data/text.lux b/stdlib/source/library/lux/data/text.lux
index b181c01933..ce6457bd28 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/library/lux/data/text.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/library/lux/data/text.lux
@@ -9,8 +9,7 @@
     [monoid (.only Monoid)]
     [equivalence (.only Equivalence)]
     [order (.only Order)]
-    [monad (.only do)]
-    [codec (.only Codec)]]
+    [monad (.only do)]]
    [control
     ["[0]" maybe]]
    [data
diff --git a/stdlib/source/library/lux/data/text/encoding/utf8.lux b/stdlib/source/library/lux/data/text/encoding/utf8.lux
index 8cccd66d23..9eda701cd9 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/library/lux/data/text/encoding/utf8.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/library/lux/data/text/encoding/utf8.lux
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
   [lux (.except)
    ["[0]" ffi]
    [abstract
-    [codec (.only Codec)]]
+    [format (.only Format)]]
    [control
     ["[0]" try (.only Try)]]
    [data
@@ -157,8 +157,8 @@
              ..utf8->string
              {try.#Success}))))
 
-(the .public codec
-  (Codec Binary Text)
+(the .public format
+  (Format Binary Text)
   (implementation
    (the injection ..injection)
    (the projection ..projection)))
diff --git a/stdlib/source/library/lux/data/text/regex.lux b/stdlib/source/library/lux/data/text/regex.lux
index 7caf6976b6..9edad2fc3f 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/library/lux/data/text/regex.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/library/lux/data/text/regex.lux
@@ -208,7 +208,7 @@
 (the number^
   (Projection Nat)
   (|> (<text>.many <text>.decimal)
-      (<>.codec n.decimal)))
+      (<>.format n.decimal)))
 
 (the re_back_reference^
   (Projection Code)
diff --git a/stdlib/source/library/lux/documentation/remember.lux b/stdlib/source/library/lux/documentation/remember.lux
index baf5f60e79..3df428506d 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/library/lux/documentation/remember.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/library/lux/documentation/remember.lux
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@
                 <code>.int)
        (do <>.monad
          [raw <code>.text]
-         (when (of date.codec projection raw)
+         (when (of date.format projection raw)
            {try.#Success date}
            (in date)
            
diff --git a/stdlib/source/library/lux/ffi.old.lux b/stdlib/source/library/lux/ffi.old.lux
index fc46fa2693..74ba0eba20 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/library/lux/ffi.old.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/library/lux/ffi.old.lux
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
     ["[0]" try (.only Try)]]
    [data
     ["[0]" product]
-    ["[0]" bit (.use "[1]#[0]" codec)]
+    ["[0]" bit (.use "[1]#[0]" format)]
     ["[0]" text (.use "[1]#[0]" equivalence monoid)
      ["%" \\injection]]
     [collection
diff --git a/stdlib/source/library/lux/math/arithmetic/modular.lux b/stdlib/source/library/lux/math/arithmetic/modular.lux
index 4d2fb05687..aba83da0c3 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/library/lux/math/arithmetic/modular.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/library/lux/math/arithmetic/modular.lux
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
     [equivalence (.only Equivalence)]
     [order (.only Order)]
     [monoid (.only Monoid)]
-    [codec (.only Codec)]
+    [format (.only Format)]
     [monad (.only do)]]
    [control
     ["<>" projection]
@@ -67,13 +67,13 @@
 
   (the intL
     (Projection Int)
-    (<>.codec i.decimal
-              (<text>.and (<text>.one_of "-+") (<text>.many <text>.decimal))))
+    (<>.format i.decimal
+               (<text>.and (<text>.one_of "-+") (<text>.many <text>.decimal))))
 
-  (the .public (codec expected)
+  (the .public (format expected)
     (for_any (_ %)
       (-> (Modulus %)
-          (Codec Text (Mod %))))
+          (Format Text (Mod %))))
     (implementation
      (the (injection modular)
        (let [[_ value] (nominal.representation modular)]
@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@
     (for_any (_ %)
       (Exception (Mod %)))
     (exception.report
-     (list ["Number" (of (..codec (..modulus it)) injection it)])))
+     (list ["Number" (of (..format (..modulus it)) injection it)])))
   
   (the .public (inverse modular)
     (for_any (_ %)
diff --git a/stdlib/source/library/lux/math/number.lux b/stdlib/source/library/lux/math/number.lux
index 3af16bb231..07673e077c 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/library/lux/math/number.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/library/lux/math/number.lux
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
  [library
   [lux (.except)
    [abstract
-    [codec (.only Codec)]]
+    [format (.only Format)]]
    [control
     ["[0]" try (.only Try)]]
    [data
@@ -57,9 +57,9 @@
                             {try.#Success value}])
                   {try.#Success [state (list [meta {.#Rev value}])]}
 
-                  (,, (with_template [<codec>]
+                  (,, (with_template [<format>]
                         [(^.multi {try.#Failure _}
-                                  [(of <codec> projection repr)
+                                  [(of <format> projection repr)
                                    {try.#Success value}])
                          {try.#Success [state (list [meta {.#Dec value}])]}]
 
diff --git a/stdlib/source/library/lux/math/number/complex.lux b/stdlib/source/library/lux/math/number/complex.lux
index 8412e6f5c5..141086c141 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/library/lux/math/number/complex.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/library/lux/math/number/complex.lux
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
   [lux (.except)
    [abstract
     [equivalence (.only Equivalence)]
-    [codec (.only Codec)]
+    [format (.only Format)]
     [monad (.only do)]]
    [control
     ["<>" projection]
@@ -371,8 +371,8 @@
   (.text_composite# (of d.decimal injection (its ..#real it))
                     " " (of d.decimal injection (its ..#imaginary it)) "i"))
 
-(the .public codec
-  (Codec Text Complex)
+(the .public format
+  (Format Text Complex)
   (implementation
    (the injection ..injection)
    (the (projection it)
diff --git a/stdlib/source/library/lux/math/number/dec.lux b/stdlib/source/library/lux/math/number/dec.lux
index 02db24124b..e2e5598fff 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/library/lux/math/number/dec.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/library/lux/math/number/dec.lux
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
     [hash (.only Hash)]
     [monoid (.only Monoid)]
     [equivalence (.only Equivalence)]
-    [codec (.only Codec)]
+    [format (.only Format)]
     [order (.only Order)]
     [monad (.only do)]]
    [control
@@ -539,7 +539,7 @@
        success)]))
 
 (the .public decimal
-  (Codec Text Dec)
+  (Format Text Dec)
   (implementation
    (the (injection it)
      (when it
@@ -599,7 +599,7 @@
                   "+0.0" ,success
                   "-0.0" ,success
 
-                  ... else
+                  else
                   {try.#Failure ..cannot_project})
                 ,success)))))))
 
@@ -745,8 +745,8 @@
           (..* exponent)
           (..* sign)))))
 
-(`` (the (representation_exponent codec representation)
-      (-> (Codec Text Nat) Text
+(`` (the (representation_exponent format representation)
+      (-> (Format Text Nat) Text
           (Try [Text Int]))
       (when [(.text_index# 0 "e+" representation)
              (.text_index# 0 "E+" representation)
@@ -759,7 +759,7 @@
                         after_length (//nat.- after_offset (.text_size# representation))]
                   exponent (|> representation
                                (.text_clip# after_offset after_length)
-                               (of codec projection))]
+                               (of format projection))]
                  (in [(.text_clip# 0 split_index representation)
                       (//int.* <factor> (.int exponent))]))]
 
@@ -774,7 +774,7 @@
 
 (with_template [<struct> <nat> <int> <error>]
   [(the .public <struct>
-     (Codec Text Dec)
+     (Format Text Dec)
      (implementation
       (the (injection value)
         (let [bits (..bits value)
@@ -849,7 +849,7 @@
       (..+ divisor remainder)
       remainder)))
 
-(with_template [<factor> <suffix> <codec> <as> <of>]
+(with_template [<factor> <suffix> <format> <as> <of>]
   [(the .public <as>
      (-> Dec
          Dec)
@@ -860,8 +860,8 @@
          Dec)
      (/ <factor>))
    
-   (the .public <codec>
-     (Codec Text Dec)
+   (the .public <format>
+     (Format Text Dec)
      (implementation
       (the injection
         (|>> <as>
diff --git a/stdlib/source/library/lux/math/number/frac.lux b/stdlib/source/library/lux/math/number/frac.lux
index 51b11c551a..a6c9c8d710 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/library/lux/math/number/frac.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/library/lux/math/number/frac.lux
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
     [equivalence (.only Equivalence)]
     [order (.only Order)]
     [monoid (.only Monoid)]
-    [codec (.only Codec)]
+    [format (.only Format)]
     [monad (.only do)]]
    [control
     ["<>" projection]
@@ -166,8 +166,8 @@
 
 (the separator "/")
 
-(the .public codec
-  (Codec Text Frac)
+(the .public format
+  (Format Text Frac)
   (implementation
    (the (injection (open "/[0]"))
      (all text#composite
diff --git a/stdlib/source/library/lux/math/number/int.lux b/stdlib/source/library/lux/math/number/int.lux
index 1d04d51f9e..97568e6432 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/library/lux/math/number/int.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/library/lux/math/number/int.lux
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
     [interval (.only Interval)]
     [monoid (.only Monoid)]
     [equivalence (.only Equivalence)]
-    [codec (.only Codec)]
+    [format (.only Format)]
     ["[0]" order (.only Order)]]
    [control
     ["[0]" maybe]
@@ -238,14 +238,14 @@
 (the -sign "-")
 (the +sign "+")
 
-(with_template [<struct> <codec> <error>]
+(with_template [<struct> <format> <error>]
   [(the .public <struct>
-     (Codec Text Int)
+     (Format Text Int)
      (implementation
       (the (injection value)
         (if (..< +0 value)
-          (|> value ++ ..opposite .nat ++ (of <codec> injection) (.text_composite# ..-sign))
-          (|> value .nat (of <codec> injection) (.text_composite# ..+sign))))
+          (|> value ++ ..opposite .nat ++ (of <format> injection) (.text_composite# ..-sign))
+          (|> value .nat (of <format> injection) (.text_composite# ..+sign))))
 
       (the (projection repr)
         (let [input_size (.text_size# repr)]
@@ -254,13 +254,13 @@
               ..+sign
               (|> repr
                   (.text_clip# 1 (-- input_size))
-                  (of <codec> projection)
+                  (of <format> projection)
                   (of try.functor each (|>> .int)))
               
               ..-sign
               (|> repr
                   (.text_clip# 1 (-- input_size))
-                  (of <codec> projection)
+                  (of <format> projection)
                   (of try.functor each (|>> -- .int ..opposite --)))
               
               _
diff --git a/stdlib/source/library/lux/math/number/nat.lux b/stdlib/source/library/lux/math/number/nat.lux
index 5e93e353dc..0416f78f1e 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/library/lux/math/number/nat.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/library/lux/math/number/nat.lux
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
     [interval (.only Interval)]
     [monoid (.only Monoid)]
     [equivalence (.only Equivalence)]
-    [codec (.only Codec)]
+    [format (.only Format)]
     ["[0]" order (.only Order)]]
    [control
     ["[0]" function]
@@ -333,7 +333,7 @@
 
 (with_template [<shift> <struct> <to_character> <to_value> <error>]
   [(the .public <struct>
-     (Codec Text Nat)
+     (Format Text Nat)
      (implementation
       (the injection
         (let [mask (|> 1 (.i64_left# <shift>) --)]
@@ -373,7 +373,7 @@
   )
 
 (the .public decimal
-  (Codec Text Nat)
+  (Format Text Nat)
   (implementation
    (the (injection value)
      (loop (again [input value
@@ -410,18 +410,18 @@
    (the equivalence ..equivalence)
    (the hash function.identity)))
 
-(the .public (padded expected_size codec)
-  (-> Nat (Codec Text Nat)
-      (Codec Text Nat))
+(the .public (padded expected_size format)
+  (-> Nat (Format Text Nat)
+      (Format Text Nat))
   (implementation
    (the (injection it)
-     (loop (next [it (of codec injection it)])
+     (loop (next [it (of format injection it)])
        (if (< expected_size (.text_size# it))
          (next (.text_composite# "0" it))
          it)))
 
    (the projection
-     (of codec projection))))
+     (of format projection))))
 
 (alias [base_02] ..binary)
 (alias [base_08] ..octal)
diff --git a/stdlib/source/library/lux/math/number/rat.lux b/stdlib/source/library/lux/math/number/rat.lux
index b65ca43ce5..4b12a0e7ee 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/library/lux/math/number/rat.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/library/lux/math/number/rat.lux
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
     [equivalence (.only Equivalence)]
     [order (.only Order)]
     [monoid (.only Monoid)]
-    [codec (.only Codec)]
+    [format (.only Format)]
     [monad (.only do)]]
    [control
     ["<>" projection]
@@ -166,8 +166,8 @@
 
 (the separator "/")
 
-(the .public codec
-  (Codec Text Rat)
+(the .public format
+  (Format Text Rat)
   (implementation
    (the (injection (open "/[0]"))
      (all text#composite
diff --git a/stdlib/source/library/lux/math/number/rev.lux b/stdlib/source/library/lux/math/number/rev.lux
index 00a22634d2..e5504f2d92 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/library/lux/math/number/rev.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/library/lux/math/number/rev.lux
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
     [interval (.only Interval)]
     [monoid (.only Monoid)]
     [equivalence (.only Equivalence)]
-    [codec (.only Codec)]
+    [format (.only Format)]
     [order (.only Order)]]
    [control
     ["[0]" try]]
@@ -253,13 +253,13 @@
       Text)
   (.text_clip# 1 (-- (.text_size# input)) input))
 
-(with_template [<struct> <codec> <char_bit_size> <error>]
+(with_template [<struct> <format> <char_bit_size> <error>]
   [(with_expansions [<failure> (these {try.#Failure (.text_composite# <error> repr)})]
      (the .public <struct>
-       (Codec Text Rev)
+       (Format Text Rev)
        (implementation
         (the (injection value)
-          (let [raw_output (of <codec> injection (.nat value))
+          (let [raw_output (of <format> injection (.nat value))
                 max_num_chars (//nat.+ (//nat./ <char_bit_size> //i64.width)
                                        (when (//nat.% <char_bit_size> //i64.width)
                                          0 0
@@ -281,7 +281,7 @@
             (if (//nat.> 1 repr_size)
               (when (.text_char# 0 repr)
                 (char ".")
-                (when (of <codec> projection (..decimals repr))
+                (when (of <format> projection (..decimals repr))
                   {try.#Success output}
                   {try.#Success (.rev output)}
 
@@ -441,7 +441,7 @@
              (digits#-!' idx (..digit idx param) output)))))
 
 (the .public decimal
-  (Codec Text Rev)
+  (Format Text Rev)
   (implementation
    (the (injection input)
      (when (.nat input)
diff --git a/stdlib/source/library/lux/meta/code.lux b/stdlib/source/library/lux/meta/code.lux
index 2f759b8d0b..25c2115ec1 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/library/lux/meta/code.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/library/lux/meta/code.lux
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@
               [[_ {<tag> value}]
                (of <struct> injection value)]
 
-              [.#Bit    bit.codec]
+              [.#Bit    bit.format]
               [.#Nat    nat.decimal]
               [.#Int    int.decimal]
               [.#Rev    rev.decimal]
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@
               [[_ {<tag> value}]
                (of <struct> injection value)]
 
-              [.#Bit    bit.codec]
+              [.#Bit    bit.format]
               [.#Nat    nat.decimal]
               [.#Int    int.decimal]
               [.#Rev    rev.decimal]
diff --git a/stdlib/source/library/lux/meta/compiler/language/lux/phase/translation/c++/complex.lux b/stdlib/source/library/lux/meta/compiler/language/lux/phase/translation/c++/complex.lux
index 428f7cf244..a6da08655d 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/library/lux/meta/compiler/language/lux/phase/translation/c++/complex.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/library/lux/meta/compiler/language/lux/phase/translation/c++/complex.lux
@@ -3,7 +3,8 @@
 
 (.require
  [library
-  [lux (.except Variant Tuple)
+  [lux (.except Variant Tuple
+                variant tuple)
    [abstract
     ["[0]" monad (.only do)]]
    [meta
diff --git a/stdlib/source/library/lux/meta/compiler/language/lux/phase/translation/c++/runtime.lux b/stdlib/source/library/lux/meta/compiler/language/lux/phase/translation/c++/runtime.lux
index 445c676b29..3edaf693ca 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/library/lux/meta/compiler/language/lux/phase/translation/c++/runtime.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/library/lux/meta/compiler/language/lux/phase/translation/c++/runtime.lux
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
  [library
   [lux (.except Type Declaration
                 Bit I64 F64 Text Variant Tuple
-                function false true left right)
+                variant tuple function false true left right)
    [abstract
     ["[0]" monad (.only do)]]
    [data
@@ -252,7 +252,7 @@
            (-> _.Type _.Expression
                _.Expression)
            (|> it
-               (_.the* <Object#value>)
+               (_.its* <Object#value>)
                (_.is (type.address of))))
 
          (the .public (simple [tag of] it)
@@ -347,7 +347,7 @@
          (the .public peek
            (-> _.Expression
                _.Expression)
-           (_.the* <Stack#top>))
+           (_.its* <Stack#top>))
 
          (the tag (_.local <Tag>))
          
@@ -536,9 +536,9 @@
                                    it (_.local (..name))
                                    
                                    mismatch! (_.return ..null)
-                                   actual_lefts (_.the* <Variant#lefts> it)
-                                   actual_right? (_.the* <Variant#right?> it)
-                                   actual_value (_.the* <Variant#choice> it)
+                                   actual_lefts (_.its* <Variant#lefts> it)
+                                   actual_right? (_.its* <Variant#right?> it)
+                                   actual_value (_.its* <Variant#choice> it)
 
                                    @loop (_.label (..name))
                                    next! (all _.then
@@ -768,7 +768,7 @@
                                                             ..value_type
                                                             (|> it
                                                                 (host_value function_type)
-                                                                (_.the* <closure>)
+                                                                (_.its* <closure>)
                                                                 (_.on (list it arguments))))
                                                 (_.return output))
                                            {.#Some (all _.then
@@ -776,14 +776,14 @@
                                                                     ..partials_type
                                                                     (|> it
                                                                         (host_value function_type)
-                                                                        (_.the* <partials>)))
+                                                                        (_.its* <partials>)))
                                                         (partials partiality old_partials current_arity arguments
                                                                   all_arguments)
                                                         (_.constant output
                                                                     ..value_type
                                                                     (|> it
                                                                         (host_value function_type)
-                                                                        (_.the* <closure>)
+                                                                        (_.its* <closure>)
                                                                         (_.on (list it all_arguments))))
                                                         (_.delete_array all_arguments)
                                                         (_.return output))}))))
@@ -799,12 +799,12 @@
                                                           ..partials_type
                                                           (|> it
                                                               (host_value function_type)
-                                                              (_.the* <partials>)))
+                                                              (_.its* <partials>)))
                                               (partials partiality old_partials current_arity arguments
                                                         all_partials)
                                               (_.return (|> it
                                                             (host_value function_type)
-                                                            (_.the* <closure>)
+                                                            (_.its* <closure>)
                                                             (function' actual_arity all_partials expected_arity)))
                                               ))))
                         on#over (is (-> _.Local _.Local _.Local
@@ -827,7 +827,7 @@
                                                              ..partials_type
                                                              (|> it
                                                                  (host_value function_type)
-                                                                 (_.the* <partials>)))
+                                                                 (_.its* <partials>)))
                                                  (_.constant cap_arity
                                                              //type.arity
                                                              (_.- old_partiality expected_arity))
@@ -840,7 +840,7 @@
                                                              ..value_type
                                                              (|> it
                                                                  (host_value function_type)
-                                                                 (_.the* <closure>)
+                                                                 (_.its* <closure>)
                                                                  (_.on (list it complete_arguments))))
                                                  (_.delete_array complete_arguments))
 
@@ -877,10 +877,10 @@
                       (all _.then
                            (_.constant partiality
                                        //type.arity
-                                       (_.the* <partiality> (host_value function_type it)))
+                                       (_.its* <partiality> (host_value function_type it)))
                            (_.constant expected_arity
                                        //type.arity
-                                       (_.the* <arity> (host_value function_type it)))
+                                       (_.its* <arity> (host_value function_type it)))
                            (_.constant actual_arity
                                        //type.arity
                                        (_.+ current_arity partiality))
@@ -919,7 +919,7 @@
                       (list [it stack])
                       stack
                       (all _.then
-                           (_.constant bottom stack (_.the* <Stack#bottom> it))
+                           (_.constant bottom stack (_.its* <Stack#bottom> it))
                            (_.delete it)
                            (_.return bottom)
                            )))
@@ -953,7 +953,7 @@
                                  (list)
                                  (list [it ..value_type])
                                  //type.i64
-                                 (_.return (_.the* <Object#tag> it))))
+                                 (_.return (_.its* <Object#tag> it))))
 
                              (,, (with_template [<name> <type>]
                                    [(let [it (_.local (..name))]
@@ -981,13 +981,13 @@
                                  type.string
                                  (all _.then
                                       (_.constant value (type.address text_type) (host_value text_type it))
-                                      (_.constant data text_data_type (_.the* <Text#data> value))
+                                      (_.constant data text_data_type (_.its* <Text#data> value))
                                       (_.var_declaration converter converter_type)
                                       (_.return (_.do "to_bytes"
                                                   (list)
                                                   (list data
                                                         (_.+ data
-                                                             (_.the* <Text#length> value)))
+                                                             (_.its* <Text#length> value)))
                                                   converter)))))
 
                              (,, (with_template [<name> <field> <type>]
@@ -996,7 +996,7 @@
                                         (list)
                                         (list [it ..value_type])
                                         <type>
-                                        (_.return (_.the* <field> (host_value ..variant_type it)))))]
+                                        (_.return (_.its* <field> (host_value ..variant_type it)))))]
 
                                    [<variant::lefts> <Variant#lefts> //type.i64]
                                    [<variant::right?> <Variant#right?> //type.bit]
@@ -1008,7 +1008,7 @@
                                  (list)
                                  (list [it ..value_type])
                                  //type.i64
-                                 (_.return (_.the* <Tuple#arity> (host_value ..tuple_type it)))))
+                                 (_.return (_.its* <Tuple#arity> (host_value ..tuple_type it)))))
 
                              (let [item (_.local (..name))
                                    it (_.local (..name))]
@@ -1017,14 +1017,14 @@
                                  (list [item //type.i64]
                                        [it ..value_type])
                                  ..value_type
-                                 (_.return (_.item item (_.the* <Tuple#values> (host_value ..tuple_type it))))))
+                                 (_.return (_.item item (_.its* <Tuple#values> (host_value ..tuple_type it))))))
                              )))))
 
          (the .public tuple_values
            (-> _.Expression
                _.Expression)
            (|>> (..host_value ..tuple_type)
-                (_.the* <Tuple#values>))))
+                (_.its* <Tuple#values>))))
   )
 
 (the .public id
@@ -1040,4 +1040,4 @@
              (registry.resource .true unit.none)
              product.right)
          (sequence.sequence [..id {.#None}
-                             (of utf8.codec injection (_.code ..declaration))])])))
+                             (of utf8.format injection (_.code ..declaration))])])))
diff --git a/stdlib/source/library/lux/meta/compiler/language/lux/phase/translation/c++/when.lux b/stdlib/source/library/lux/meta/compiler/language/lux/phase/translation/c++/when.lux
index e2a7c502ea..e7cc7b78ed 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/library/lux/meta/compiler/language/lux/phase/translation/c++/when.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/library/lux/meta/compiler/language/lux/phase/translation/c++/when.lux
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@
              after))))
 
 (the .public (its next archive it)
-  (runtime.Expression synthesis.The)
+  (runtime.Expression synthesis.Its)
   (do phase.monad
     [source (next archive (.its synthesis.#source it))]
     (in (list#mix (function (_ side source)
diff --git a/stdlib/source/library/lux/meta/compiler/language/lux/phase/translation/js/function.lux b/stdlib/source/library/lux/meta/compiler/language/lux/phase/translation/js/function.lux
index 70603deab5..abb99bf3fa 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/library/lux/meta/compiler/language/lux/phase/translation/js/function.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/library/lux/meta/compiler/language/lux/phase/translation/js/function.lux
@@ -11,7 +11,10 @@
     [text
      ["%" \\injection]]
     [collection
-     ["[0]" list (.use "[1]#[0]" functor mix)]]]
+     ["[0]" list (.use "[1]#[0]" monoid functor mix)]]]
+   [math
+    [number
+     ["n" nat]]]
    [meta
     [compiler
      [target
@@ -25,8 +28,8 @@
    ["//[1]" ///
     [analysis (.only Abstraction Reification)]
     ["[0]" phase (.use "[1]#[0]" monad)]
-    ["[0]" synthesis]
-    ["[1][0]" translation]
+    ["[0]" synthesis (.only Apply)]
+    ["[0]" translation]
     ["//[1]" ///
      [arity (.only Arity)]
      [reference
@@ -38,17 +41,86 @@
        [dependency
         ["[1]" artifact]]]]]]]])
 
-(the .public (apply expression archive [functionS argsS+])
-  (Translator (Reification synthesis.Term))
-  (do [! phase.monad]
-    [functionO (expression archive functionS)
-     argsO+ (monad.each ! (expression archive) argsS+)]
-    (in (_.apply functionO argsO+))))
-
 (the capture
   (-> Register Var)
   (|>> (///reference.foreign //reference.system) as_expected))
 
+(the (procedure_id abstraction_id)
+  (-> unit.ID
+      unit.ID)
+  [unit.#module (unit.module abstraction_id)
+   unit.#artifact (++ (unit.artifact abstraction_id))])
+
+(the (@scope abstraction_id)
+  (-> unit.ID Text)
+  (%.message (///reference.artifact abstraction_id) "_scope"))
+
+(the (procedure environment name arity body)
+  (-> (List //runtime.Value) unit.ID Arity _.Statement
+      _.Statement)
+  (_.function_definition
+   (_.var (///reference.artifact name))
+   (all list#composite
+        (|> (list.enumeration environment)
+            (list#each (|>> product.left ..capture)))
+        (list (//when.register 0))
+        (list#each (|>> ++ //when.register)
+                   (list.indices arity))
+        )
+   (<| (_.with_label (_.label (..@scope name)))
+       (_.do_while (_.boolean true))
+       body)))
+
+(the (arbitrary_reification' expression archive [abstraction parameters])
+  (Translator [//runtime.Value (List synthesis.Term)])
+  (do [! phase.monad]
+    [parameters (monad.each ! (expression archive) parameters)]
+    (in (_.apply abstraction parameters))))
+
+(the (arbitrary_reification expression archive [abstraction parameters])
+  (Translator Apply)
+  (do phase.monad
+    [abstraction (expression archive abstraction)]
+    (arbitrary_reification' expression archive [abstraction parameters])))
+
+(the (exact_reification expression archive [abstraction arity parameters])
+  (Translator [unit.ID Arity (List synthesis.Term)])
+  (do [! phase.monad]
+    [parameters (monad.each ! (expression archive) parameters)]
+    (in (_.apply (_.var (///reference.artifact (..procedure_id abstraction)))
+                 {.#Item (_.var (///reference.artifact abstraction))
+                         parameters}))))
+
+(the (successive_reification expression archive [abstraction arity parameters])
+  (Translator [unit.ID Arity (List synthesis.Term)])
+  (do [! phase.monad]
+    [first (exact_reification expression archive [abstraction arity (list.first arity parameters)])]
+    (arbitrary_reification' expression archive [first (list.after arity parameters)])))
+
+(the .public (apply expression archive [abstraction parameters])
+  (Translator Apply)
+  (when abstraction
+    (synthesis.constant @ $abstraction)
+    (do [! phase.monad]
+      [[@definition |abstraction|] (translation.definition archive $abstraction)
+       .let [actual_arity (list.size parameters)]]
+      (when |abstraction|
+        {.#Some [_ {.#Some [expected_arity @abstraction]}]}
+        (cond (n.= expected_arity actual_arity)
+              (exact_reification expression archive [@abstraction expected_arity parameters])
+
+              (n.< expected_arity actual_arity)
+              (arbitrary_reification expression archive [abstraction parameters])
+              
+              ... (n.> expected_arity actual_arity)
+              (successive_reification expression archive [@abstraction expected_arity parameters]))
+        
+        _
+        (arbitrary_reification expression archive [abstraction parameters])))
+
+    _
+    (arbitrary_reification expression archive [abstraction parameters])))
+
 (the (with_closure @self inits body!)
   (-> Var (List Expression) Statement [Statement Expression])
   (when inits
@@ -57,10 +129,11 @@
      @self]
 
     _
-    [(_.function_definition @self
-                            (|> (list.enumeration inits)
-                                (list#each (|>> product.left ..capture)))
-                            (_.return (_.function @self (list) body!)))
+    [(_.function_definition
+      @self
+      (|> (list.enumeration inits)
+          (list#each (|>> product.left ..capture)))
+      (_.return (_.function @self (list) body!)))
      (_.apply @self inits)]))
 
 (the @curried
@@ -72,24 +145,21 @@
 (the @@arguments
   (_.var "arguments"))
 
-(the (@scope function_name)
-  (-> unit.ID Text)
-  (%.message (///reference.artifact function_name) "_scope"))
-
 (the .public (function statement expression archive [environment arity bodyS])
   (-> Phase! (Translator (Abstraction synthesis.Term)))
   (do [! phase.monad]
     [dependencies (cache.dependencies archive bodyS)
-     [function_name body!] (/////translation.with_new_context archive dependencies
-                             (do !
-                               [scope (of ! each ..@scope
-                                          (/////translation.context archive))]
-                               (/////translation.with_anchor [1 scope]
-                                 (statement expression archive bodyS))))
+     [abstraction_id procedure_id body!] (<| (translation.with_new_context archive dependencies)
+                                             (translation.with_new_context archive dependencies)
+                                             (do !
+                                               [scope (of ! each ..@scope
+                                                          (translation.context archive))]
+                                               (translation.with_anchor [1 scope]
+                                                 (statement expression archive bodyS))))
      .let [arityO (|> arity .int _.i32)
            @num_args (_.var "num_args")
-           @scope (..@scope function_name)
-           @self (_.var (///reference.artifact function_name))
+           @scope (..@scope procedure_id)
+           @self (_.var (///reference.artifact abstraction_id))
            apply_poly (.function (_ args func)
                         (|> func (_.do "apply" (list _.null args))))
            initialize_self! (_.define (//when.register 0) @self)
@@ -100,15 +170,19 @@
                                  initialize_self!
                                  (list.indices arity))]
      environment (monad.each ! (expression archive) environment)
+     _ (do !
+         [.let [procedure_definition (..procedure environment procedure_id arity body!)]
+          _ (translation.execute! procedure_definition)]
+         (translation.save! (unit.artifact procedure_id) {.#None} procedure_definition))
      .let [[definition instantiation] (with_closure @self environment
                                         (all _.then
                                              (_.define @num_args (_.its "length" @@arguments))
                                              (<| (_.if (|> @num_args (_.= arityO))
                                                    (all _.then
                                                         initialize!
-                                                        (_.with_label (_.label @scope)
-                                                          (_.do_while (_.boolean true)
-                                                                      body!))))
+                                                        (<| (_.with_label (_.label @scope))
+                                                            (_.do_while (_.boolean true))
+                                                            body!)))
                                                  (_.if (|> @num_args (_.> arityO))
                                                    (let [arity_inputs (|> (_.array (list))
                                                                           (_.its "slice")
@@ -130,6 +204,6 @@
                                                                                (_.return (apply_poly (_.do "concat" (list @missing) @curried)
                                                                                                      @self))))))))
                                              ))]
-     _ (/////translation.execute! definition)
-     _ (/////translation.save! (product.right function_name) {.#None} definition)]
+     _ (translation.execute! definition)
+     _ (translation.save! (product.right abstraction_id) {.#None} definition)]
     (in instantiation)))
diff --git a/stdlib/source/library/lux/meta/compiler/language/lux/phase/translation/js/runtime.lux b/stdlib/source/library/lux/meta/compiler/language/lux/phase/translation/js/runtime.lux
index 0e21238151..7b7bcfdcb1 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/library/lux/meta/compiler/language/lux/phase/translation/js/runtime.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/library/lux/meta/compiler/language/lux/phase/translation/js/runtime.lux
@@ -859,4 +859,4 @@
                              {.#None}
                              (|> ..full
                                  _.code
-                                 (of utf8.codec injection))])])))
+                                 (of utf8.format injection))])])))
diff --git a/stdlib/source/library/lux/meta/compiler/language/lux/phase/translation/jvm/function.lux b/stdlib/source/library/lux/meta/compiler/language/lux/phase/translation/jvm/function.lux
index 458a668330..31eb6a839f 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/library/lux/meta/compiler/language/lux/phase/translation/jvm/function.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/library/lux/meta/compiler/language/lux/phase/translation/jvm/function.lux
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@
      [reference
       [register (.only Register)]]]]]])
 
-(the .public (with translate archive @begin class environment arity body)
+(the .public (with expression archive @begin class environment arity body)
   (-> Phase Archive Label External (Environment synthesis.Term) Arity (Bytecode Any)
       (Operation [(List (Resource Field))
                   (List (Resource Method))
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@
                                     (list (/implementation.method classT arity @begin body)
                                           (/apply.method classT environment arity @begin 1)))))]
     (do [! phase.monad]
-      [environment (monad.each ! (translate archive) environment)]
+      [environment (monad.each ! (expression archive) environment)]
       (in [fields methods (/init.instance classT environment arity)]))))
 
 (the modifier
@@ -114,16 +114,16 @@
        reflection.reflection
        name.internal))
 
-(the .public (abstraction translate archive [environment arity bodyS])
+(the .public (abstraction expression archive [environment arity bodyS])
   (Translator Abstraction)
   (do phase.monad
     [dependencies (cache/artifact.dependencies archive bodyS)
      @begin //runtime.forge_label
      [function_context bodyG] (<| (translation.with_new_context archive dependencies)
                                   (translation.with_anchor [@begin ..this_offset])
-                                  (translate archive bodyS))
+                                  (expression archive bodyS))
      .let [function_class (//runtime.class_name function_context)]
-     [fields methods instance] (..with translate archive @begin function_class environment arity bodyG)
+     [fields methods instance] (..with expression archive @begin function_class environment arity bodyG)
      module translation.module
      class (phase.of_try (class.class version.v6_0
                            ..modifier
@@ -138,13 +138,13 @@
      _ (translation.save! (product.right function_context) {.#None} bytecode)]
     (in instance)))
 
-(the (apply/?' translate archive [abstractionG inputsS])
+(the (arbitrary_reification' expression archive [abstraction parameters])
   (Translator [(Bytecode Any) (List synthesis.Term)])
   (do [! phase.monad]
-    [inputsG (monad.each ! (translate archive) inputsS)]
+    [parameters (monad.each ! (expression archive) parameters)]
     (in (all _.composite
-             abstractionG
-             (|> inputsG
+             abstraction
+             (|> parameters
                  (list.sub /arity.maximum)
                  (monad.each _.monad
                              (function (_ batchG)
@@ -155,50 +155,50 @@
                                     ))))
              ))))
 
-(the (apply/? translate archive [abstractionS inputsS])
+(the (arbitrary_reification expression archive [abstraction parameters])
   (Translator Apply)
   (do [! phase.monad]
-    [abstractionG (translate archive abstractionS)]
-    (apply/?' translate archive [abstractionG inputsS])))
+    [abstraction (expression archive abstraction)]
+    (arbitrary_reification' expression archive [abstraction parameters])))
 
-(the (apply/= translate archive [$abstraction @abstraction arity inputsS])
+(the (exact_reification expression archive [$abstraction @abstraction arity parameters])
   (Translator [Symbol unit.ID Arity (List synthesis.Term)])
   (do [! phase.monad]
     [.let [:abstraction: (type.class (//runtime.class_name @abstraction) (list))]
-     abstractionG (//reference.constant archive $abstraction)
-     inputsG (monad.each ! (translate archive) inputsS)]
+     abstraction (//reference.constant archive $abstraction)
+     parameters (monad.each ! (expression archive) parameters)]
     (in (all _.composite
-             abstractionG
-             (monad.all _.monad inputsG)
+             abstraction
+             (monad.all _.monad parameters)
              (/implementation.call :abstraction: arity)
              ))))
 
-(the (apply/> translate archive [$abstraction @abstraction arity inputsS])
+(the (successive_reification expression archive [$abstraction @abstraction arity parameters])
   (Translator [Symbol unit.ID Arity (List synthesis.Term)])
   (do [! phase.monad]
-    [=G (apply/= translate archive [$abstraction @abstraction arity (list.first arity inputsS)])]
-    (apply/?' translate archive [=G (list.after arity inputsS)])))
+    [first (exact_reification expression archive [$abstraction @abstraction arity (list.first arity parameters)])]
+    (arbitrary_reification' expression archive [first (list.after arity parameters)])))
 
-(the .public (apply translate archive [abstractionS inputsS])
+(the .public (apply expression archive [abstraction parameters])
   (Translator Apply)
-  (when abstractionS
+  (when abstraction
     (synthesis.constant @ $abstraction)
     (do [! phase.monad]
       [[@definition |abstraction|] (translation.definition archive $abstraction)
-       .let [actual_arity (list.size inputsS)]]
+       .let [actual_arity (list.size parameters)]]
       (when |abstraction|
         {.#Some [_ {.#Some [expected_arity @abstraction]}]}
-        (cond (n.< expected_arity actual_arity)
-              (apply/? translate archive [abstractionS inputsS])
-              
-              (n.= expected_arity actual_arity)
-              (apply/= translate archive [$abstraction @abstraction expected_arity inputsS])
+        (cond (n.= expected_arity actual_arity)
+              (exact_reification expression archive [$abstraction @abstraction expected_arity parameters])
+
+              (n.< expected_arity actual_arity)
+              (arbitrary_reification expression archive [abstraction parameters])
               
               ... (n.> expected_arity actual_arity)
-              (apply/> translate archive [$abstraction @abstraction expected_arity inputsS]))
+              (successive_reification expression archive [$abstraction @abstraction expected_arity parameters]))
         
         _
-        (apply/? translate archive [abstractionS inputsS])))
+        (arbitrary_reification expression archive [abstraction parameters])))
 
     _
-    (apply/? translate archive [abstractionS inputsS])))
+    (arbitrary_reification expression archive [abstraction parameters])))
diff --git a/stdlib/source/library/lux/meta/compiler/language/lux/phase/translation/lua/function.lux b/stdlib/source/library/lux/meta/compiler/language/lux/phase/translation/lua/function.lux
index 0954f409c9..903f0d8cc4 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/library/lux/meta/compiler/language/lux/phase/translation/lua/function.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/library/lux/meta/compiler/language/lux/phase/translation/lua/function.lux
@@ -3,7 +3,8 @@
 
 (.require
  [library
-  [lux (.except Label function)
+  [lux (.except Label
+                function)
    [abstract
     ["[0]" monad (.only do)]]
    [data
@@ -11,7 +12,10 @@
     [text
      ["%" \\injection]]
     [collection
-     ["[0]" list (.use "[1]#[0]" functor mix)]]]
+     ["[0]" list (.use "[1]#[0]" monoid functor mix)]]]
+   [math
+    [number
+     ["n" nat]]]
    [meta
     [compiler
      [target
@@ -24,9 +28,9 @@
    ["[1][0]" reference]
    ["//[1]" ///
     [analysis (.only Abstraction Reification)]
-    ["[0]" synthesis]
     ["[0]" phase (.use "[1]#[0]" monad)]
-    ["[1][0]" translation]
+    ["[0]" synthesis (.only Apply)]
+    ["[0]" translation]
     ["//[1]" ///
      [arity (.only Arity)]
      [meta
@@ -38,17 +42,81 @@
      [reference
       [register (.only Register)]]]]]])
 
-(the .public (apply expression archive [functionS argsS+])
-  (Translator (Reification synthesis.Term))
-  (do [! phase.monad]
-    [functionO (expression archive functionS)
-     argsO+ (monad.each ! (expression archive) argsS+)]
-    (in (_.apply argsO+ functionO))))
-
 (the capture
   (-> Register Var)
   (|>> (///reference.foreign //reference.system) as_expected))
 
+(the (procedure_id abstraction_id)
+  (-> unit.ID
+      unit.ID)
+  [unit.#module (unit.module abstraction_id)
+   unit.#artifact (++ (unit.artifact abstraction_id))])
+
+(the (procedure environment name arity @scope body)
+  (-> (List //runtime.Value) unit.ID Arity Label Statement
+      Statement)
+  (_.function (_.var (///reference.artifact name))
+    (all list#composite
+         (|> (list.enumeration environment)
+             (list#each (|>> product.left ..capture)))
+         (list (//when.register 0))
+         (list#each (|>> ++ //when.register)
+                    (list.indices arity))
+         )
+    (all _.then
+         (_.set_label @scope)
+         body)))
+
+(the (arbitrary_reification' expression archive [abstraction parameters])
+  (Translator [//runtime.Value (List synthesis.Term)])
+  (do [! phase.monad]
+    [parameters (monad.each ! (expression archive) parameters)]
+    (in (_.apply parameters abstraction))))
+
+(the (arbitrary_reification expression archive [abstraction parameters])
+  (Translator Apply)
+  (do phase.monad
+    [abstraction (expression archive abstraction)]
+    (arbitrary_reification' expression archive [abstraction parameters])))
+
+(the (exact_reification expression archive [abstraction arity parameters])
+  (Translator [unit.ID Arity (List synthesis.Term)])
+  (do [! phase.monad]
+    [parameters (monad.each ! (expression archive) parameters)]
+    (in (_.apply {.#Item (_.var (///reference.artifact abstraction))
+                         parameters}
+                 (_.var (///reference.artifact (..procedure_id abstraction)))))))
+
+(the (successive_reification expression archive [abstraction arity parameters])
+  (Translator [unit.ID Arity (List synthesis.Term)])
+  (do [! phase.monad]
+    [first (exact_reification expression archive [abstraction arity (list.first arity parameters)])]
+    (arbitrary_reification' expression archive [first (list.after arity parameters)])))
+
+(the .public (apply expression archive [abstraction parameters])
+  (Translator Apply)
+  (when abstraction
+    (synthesis.constant @ $abstraction)
+    (do [! phase.monad]
+      [[@definition |abstraction|] (translation.definition archive $abstraction)
+       .let [actual_arity (list.size parameters)]]
+      (when |abstraction|
+        {.#Some [_ {.#Some [expected_arity @abstraction]}]}
+        (cond (n.= expected_arity actual_arity)
+              (exact_reification expression archive [@abstraction expected_arity parameters])
+
+              (n.< expected_arity actual_arity)
+              (arbitrary_reification expression archive [abstraction parameters])
+              
+              ... (n.> expected_arity actual_arity)
+              (successive_reification expression archive [@abstraction expected_arity parameters]))
+        
+        _
+        (arbitrary_reification expression archive [abstraction parameters])))
+
+    _
+    (arbitrary_reification expression archive [abstraction parameters])))
+
 (the (with_closure inits @self @args body!)
   (-> (List Expression) Var (List Var) Statement [Statement Expression])
   (when inits
@@ -68,26 +136,27 @@
 (the input
   (|>> ++ //when.register))
 
-(the (@scope function_name)
+(the (@scope abstraction_id)
   (-> unit.ID Label)
-  (_.label (%.message (///reference.artifact function_name) "_scope")))
+  (_.label (%.message (///reference.artifact abstraction_id) "_scope")))
 
 (the .public (function statement expression archive [environment arity bodyS])
   (-> Phase! (Translator (Abstraction synthesis.Term)))
   (do [! phase.monad]
     [dependencies (cache.dependencies archive bodyS)
-     [function_name body!] (/////translation.with_new_context archive dependencies
-                             (do !
-                               [@scope (of ! each ..@scope
-                                           (/////translation.context archive))]
-                               (/////translation.with_anchor [1 @scope]
-                                 (statement expression archive bodyS))))
-     closureO+ (monad.each ! (expression archive) environment)
+     [abstraction_id procedure_id body!] (<| (translation.with_new_context archive dependencies)
+                                             (translation.with_new_context archive dependencies)
+                                             (do !
+                                               [@scope (of ! each ..@scope
+                                                           (translation.context archive))]
+                                               (translation.with_anchor [1 @scope]
+                                                 (statement expression archive bodyS))))
+     environment (monad.each ! (expression archive) environment)
      .let [@curried (_.var "curried")
            arityO (|> arity .int _.int)
            @num_args (_.var "num_args")
-           @scope (..@scope function_name)
-           @self (_.var (///reference.artifact function_name))
+           @scope (..@scope procedure_id)
+           @self (_.var (///reference.artifact abstraction_id))
            initialize_self! (_.local/1 (//when.register 0) @self)
            initialize! (list#mix (.function (_ post pre!)
                                    (all _.then
@@ -100,7 +169,11 @@
                       (.function (_ it)
                         (_.apply (list it) (_.var "table.unpack"))))
            @var_args (_.var "...")]
-     .let [[definition instantiation] (with_closure closureO+ @self (list @var_args)
+     _ (do !
+         [.let [procedure_definition (..procedure environment procedure_id arity @scope body!)]
+          _ (translation.execute! procedure_definition)]
+         (translation.save! (unit.artifact procedure_id) {.#None} procedure_definition))
+     .let [[definition instantiation] (with_closure environment @self (list @var_args)
                                         (all _.then
                                              (_.local/1 @curried (pack @var_args))
                                              (_.local/1 @num_args (_.length @curried))
@@ -143,6 +216,6 @@
                                                                                                                        (_.var "table.move"))))
                                                                                                 @self)))))))
                                              ))]
-     _ (/////translation.execute! definition)
-     _ (/////translation.save! (product.right function_name) {.#None} definition)]
+     _ (translation.execute! definition)
+     _ (translation.save! (product.right abstraction_id) {.#None} definition)]
     (in instantiation)))
diff --git a/stdlib/source/library/lux/meta/compiler/language/lux/phase/translation/lua/runtime.lux b/stdlib/source/library/lux/meta/compiler/language/lux/phase/translation/lua/runtime.lux
index f23349368f..e01960e143 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/library/lux/meta/compiler/language/lux/phase/translation/lua/runtime.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/library/lux/meta/compiler/language/lux/phase/translation/lua/runtime.lux
@@ -491,4 +491,4 @@
                              {.#None}
                              (|> ..full
                                  _.code
-                                 (of utf8.codec injection))])])))
+                                 (of utf8.format injection))])])))
diff --git a/stdlib/source/library/lux/meta/compiler/language/lux/phase/translation/php/runtime.lux b/stdlib/source/library/lux/meta/compiler/language/lux/phase/translation/php/runtime.lux
index 7d494d1c9c..8a1e3d7e2e 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/library/lux/meta/compiler/language/lux/phase/translation/php/runtime.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/library/lux/meta/compiler/language/lux/phase/translation/php/runtime.lux
@@ -635,4 +635,4 @@
          (sequence.sequence [..module_id
                              (|> ..runtime
                                  _.code
-                                 (of utf8.codec injection))])])))
+                                 (of utf8.format injection))])])))
diff --git a/stdlib/source/library/lux/meta/compiler/language/lux/phase/translation/python/function.lux b/stdlib/source/library/lux/meta/compiler/language/lux/phase/translation/python/function.lux
index a6b4793581..5e61916de3 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/library/lux/meta/compiler/language/lux/phase/translation/python/function.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/library/lux/meta/compiler/language/lux/phase/translation/python/function.lux
@@ -9,13 +9,16 @@
    [data
     ["[0]" product]
     [collection
-     ["[0]" list (.use "[1]#[0]" functor mix)]]]
+     ["[0]" list (.use "[1]#[0]" monoid functor mix)]]]
+   [math
+    [number
+     ["n" nat]]]
    [meta
     [compiler
      [target
       ["_" python (.only SVar Expression Statement)]]]]]]
  ["[0]" //
-  [runtime (.only Operation Phase Translator Phase! Translator!)]
+  ["[1][0]" runtime (.only Operation Phase Translator Phase! Translator!)]
   ["[1][0]" reference]
   ["[1][0]" when]
   ["[1][0]" loop]
@@ -23,9 +26,9 @@
    ["[1][0]" reference]
    ["//[1]" ///
     [analysis (.only Environment Abstraction Reification)]
-    ["[0]" synthesis]
     ["[0]" phase]
-    ["[1][0]" translation]
+    ["[0]" synthesis (.only Apply)]
+    ["[0]" translation]
     ["//[1]" ///
      [arity (.only Arity)]
      [reference
@@ -33,29 +36,95 @@
       [variable (.only Variable)]]
      [meta
       [archive (.only Archive)
-       ["[0]" artifact]]
+       ["[0]" artifact]
+       ["[0]" unit]]
       ["[0]" cache
        [dependency
         ["[1]" artifact]]]]]]]])
 
-(the .public (apply expression archive [functionS argsS+])
-  (Translator (Reification synthesis.Term))
+(the .public capture
+  (-> Register
+      SVar)
+  (|>> (///reference.foreign //reference.system)
+       as_expected))
+
+(the (procedure_id abstraction_id)
+  (-> unit.ID
+      unit.ID)
+  [unit.#module (unit.module abstraction_id)
+   unit.#artifact (++ (unit.artifact abstraction_id))])
+
+(the (procedure environment name arity body)
+  (-> (List //runtime.Value) unit.ID Arity (_.Statement Any)
+      (_.Statement Any))
+  (_.def (_.var (///reference.artifact name))
+         (all list#composite
+              (|> (list.enumeration environment)
+                  (list#each (|>> product.left ..capture)))
+              (list (//when.register 0))
+              (list#each (|>> ++ //when.register)
+                         (list.indices arity))
+              )
+         (<| //loop.set_scope
+             body)))
+
+(the (arbitrary_reification' expression archive [abstraction parameters])
+  (Translator [//runtime.Value (List synthesis.Term)])
   (do [! phase.monad]
-    [functionO (expression archive functionS)
-     argsO+ (monad.each ! (expression archive) argsS+)]
-    (in (_.apply argsO+ functionO))))
+    [parameters (monad.each ! (expression archive) parameters)]
+    (in (_.apply parameters abstraction))))
 
-(the .public capture
-  (-> Register SVar)
-  (|>> (///reference.foreign //reference.system) as_expected))
+(the (arbitrary_reification expression archive [abstraction parameters])
+  (Translator Apply)
+  (do phase.monad
+    [abstraction (expression archive abstraction)]
+    (arbitrary_reification' expression archive [abstraction parameters])))
+
+(the (exact_reification expression archive [abstraction arity parameters])
+  (Translator [unit.ID Arity (List synthesis.Term)])
+  (do [! phase.monad]
+    [parameters (monad.each ! (expression archive) parameters)]
+    (in (_.apply {.#Item (_.var (///reference.artifact abstraction))
+                         parameters}
+                 (_.var (///reference.artifact (..procedure_id abstraction)))))))
+
+(the (successive_reification expression archive [abstraction arity parameters])
+  (Translator [unit.ID Arity (List synthesis.Term)])
+  (do [! phase.monad]
+    [first (exact_reification expression archive [abstraction arity (list.first arity parameters)])]
+    (arbitrary_reification' expression archive [first (list.after arity parameters)])))
+
+(the .public (apply expression archive [abstraction parameters])
+  (Translator Apply)
+  (when abstraction
+    (synthesis.constant @ $abstraction)
+    (do [! phase.monad]
+      [[@definition |abstraction|] (translation.definition archive $abstraction)
+       .let [actual_arity (list.size parameters)]]
+      (when |abstraction|
+        {.#Some [_ {.#Some [expected_arity @abstraction]}]}
+        (cond (n.= expected_arity actual_arity)
+              (exact_reification expression archive [@abstraction expected_arity parameters])
+
+              (n.< expected_arity actual_arity)
+              (arbitrary_reification expression archive [abstraction parameters])
+              
+              ... (n.> expected_arity actual_arity)
+              (successive_reification expression archive [@abstraction expected_arity parameters]))
+        
+        _
+        (arbitrary_reification expression archive [abstraction parameters])))
+
+    _
+    (arbitrary_reification expression archive [abstraction parameters])))
 
-(the (with_closure function_id @function inits function_definition)
+(the (with_closure abstraction_id @function inits abstraction_definition)
   (-> artifact.ID SVar (List (Expression Any)) (Statement Any) (Operation (Expression Any)))
   (when inits
     {.#End}
     (do phase.monad
-      [_ (/////translation.execute! function_definition)
-       _ (/////translation.save! function_id {.#None} function_definition)]
+      [_ (translation.execute! abstraction_definition)
+       _ (translation.save! abstraction_id {.#None} abstraction_definition)]
       (in @function))
 
     _
@@ -64,10 +133,10 @@
                                 (|> (list.enumeration inits)
                                     (list#each (|>> product.left ..capture)))
                                 (all _.then
-                                     function_definition
+                                     abstraction_definition
                                      (_.return @function)))]
-       _ (/////translation.execute! declaration)
-       _ (/////translation.save! function_id {.#None} declaration)]
+       _ (translation.execute! declaration)
+       _ (translation.save! abstraction_id {.#None} declaration)]
       (in (_.apply inits @function)))))
 
 (the input
@@ -77,24 +146,31 @@
   (-> Phase! (Translator (Abstraction synthesis.Term)))
   (do [! phase.monad]
     [dependencies (cache.dependencies archive bodyS)
-     [[function_module function_artifact] body!] (/////translation.with_new_context archive dependencies
-                                                   (/////translation.with_anchor 1
-                                                     (statement expression archive bodyS)))
+     [abstraction_id procedure_id body!] (<| (translation.with_new_context archive dependencies)
+                                             (translation.with_new_context archive dependencies)
+                                             (translation.with_anchor 1)
+                                             (statement expression archive)
+                                             bodyS)
+     .let [[abstraction_module abstraction_artifact] abstraction_id]
      environment (monad.each ! (expression archive) environment)
      .let [@curried (_.var "curried")
            arityO (|> arity .int _.int)
            @num_args (_.var "num_args")
-           @self (_.var (///reference.artifact [function_module function_artifact]))
+           @self (_.var (///reference.artifact [abstraction_module abstraction_artifact]))
            apply_poly (.function (_ args func)
-                        (_.apply (list (_.splat_poly args)) func))
-           initialize_self! (_.set (list (//when.register 0)) @self)
+                        (_.apply (list (_.splat_poly args)) func))]
+     _ (do !
+         [.let [procedure_definition (..procedure environment procedure_id arity body!)]
+          _ (translation.execute! procedure_definition)]
+         (translation.save! (unit.artifact procedure_id) {.#None} procedure_definition))
+     .let [initialize_self! (_.set (list (//when.register 0)) @self)
            initialize! (list#mix (.function (_ post pre!)
                                    (all _.then
                                         pre!
                                         (_.set (list (..input post)) (_.item (|> post .int _.int) @curried))))
                                  initialize_self!
                                  (list.indices arity))]]
-    (with_closure function_artifact @self environment
+    (with_closure abstraction_artifact @self environment
       (_.def @self (list (_.poly @curried))
              (all _.then
                   (_.set (list @num_args) (_.len/1 @curried))
diff --git a/stdlib/source/library/lux/meta/compiler/language/lux/phase/translation/python/runtime.lux b/stdlib/source/library/lux/meta/compiler/language/lux/phase/translation/python/runtime.lux
index 87de4fd314..d18a5b2b90 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/library/lux/meta/compiler/language/lux/phase/translation/python/runtime.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/library/lux/meta/compiler/language/lux/phase/translation/python/runtime.lux
@@ -511,4 +511,4 @@
                              {.#None}
                              (|> ..full_runtime
                                  _.code
-                                 (of utf8.codec injection))])])))
+                                 (of utf8.format injection))])])))
diff --git a/stdlib/source/library/lux/meta/compiler/language/lux/phase/translation/r/runtime.lux b/stdlib/source/library/lux/meta/compiler/language/lux/phase/translation/r/runtime.lux
index bc67555b3b..4555e3088a 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/library/lux/meta/compiler/language/lux/phase/translation/r/runtime.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/library/lux/meta/compiler/language/lux/phase/translation/r/runtime.lux
@@ -883,4 +883,4 @@
          (sequence.sequence [(%.nat ..module_id)
                              (|> ..full_runtime
                                  _.code
-                                 (of utf8.codec injection))])])))
+                                 (of utf8.format injection))])])))
diff --git a/stdlib/source/library/lux/meta/compiler/language/lux/phase/translation/ruby/runtime.lux b/stdlib/source/library/lux/meta/compiler/language/lux/phase/translation/ruby/runtime.lux
index 7ff7c5eead..677009088d 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/library/lux/meta/compiler/language/lux/phase/translation/ruby/runtime.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/library/lux/meta/compiler/language/lux/phase/translation/ruby/runtime.lux
@@ -632,4 +632,4 @@
                              {.#None}
                              (|> ..full
                                  _.code
-                                 (of utf8.codec injection))])])))
+                                 (of utf8.format injection))])])))
diff --git a/stdlib/source/library/lux/meta/compiler/language/lux/phase/translation/scheme/runtime.lux b/stdlib/source/library/lux/meta/compiler/language/lux/phase/translation/scheme/runtime.lux
index be7b5748ff..c1bbc6dd08 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/library/lux/meta/compiler/language/lux/phase/translation/scheme/runtime.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/library/lux/meta/compiler/language/lux/phase/translation/scheme/runtime.lux
@@ -389,4 +389,4 @@
          (sequence.sequence [(%.nat ..module_id)
                              (|> ..runtime
                                  _.code
-                                 (of utf8.codec injection))])])))
+                                 (of utf8.format injection))])])))
diff --git a/stdlib/source/library/lux/meta/compiler/language/lux/syntax.lux b/stdlib/source/library/lux/meta/compiler/language/lux/syntax.lux
index c1cffe70f0..1d8633083c 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/library/lux/meta/compiler/language/lux/syntax.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/library/lux/meta/compiler/language/lux/syntax.lux
@@ -349,11 +349,11 @@
   )
 
 (the !number_output
-  (template (_ <source_code> <start> <end> <codec> <tag>)
+  (template (_ <source_code> <start> <end> <format> <tag>)
     [(when (|> <source_code>
                (!clip <start> <end>)
                (text.replaced ..digit_separator "")
-               (of <codec> projection))
+               (of <format> projection))
        {.#Right output}
        {.#Right [[(let [[where::file where::line where::column] where]
                     [where::file where::line (!n/+ (!n/- <start> <end>) where::column)])
@@ -417,16 +417,16 @@
                               <int_output>)))))
   )
 
-(with_template [<projection> <codec> <tag>]
+(with_template [<projection> <format> <tag>]
   [(inlined (<projection> source_code//size start where offset source_code)
      (-> Nat Nat Location Offset Text
          (Either [Source Text] [Source Code]))
      (loop (again [g!end offset])
-       (<| (!with_char+ source_code//size source_code g!end g!char (!number_output source_code start g!end <codec> <tag>))
+       (<| (!with_char+ source_code//size source_code g!end g!char (!number_output source_code start g!end <format> <tag>))
            (!if_digit?+ g!char
                         (again (!++ g!end))
                         []
-                        (!number_output source_code start g!end <codec> <tag>)))))]
+                        (!number_output source_code start g!end <format> <tag>)))))]
 
   [nat_projection n.decimal .#Nat]
   [rev_projection rev.decimal .#Rev]
diff --git a/stdlib/source/library/lux/meta/compiler/meta/archive/unit.lux b/stdlib/source/library/lux/meta/compiler/meta/archive/unit.lux
index f94cf1f87e..29377831a1 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/library/lux/meta/compiler/meta/archive/unit.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/library/lux/meta/compiler/meta/archive/unit.lux
@@ -25,6 +25,16 @@
    [#module module.ID
     #artifact artifact.ID]))
 
+(the .public module
+  (-> ID
+      module.ID)
+  (its #module))
+
+(the .public artifact
+  (-> ID
+      artifact.ID)
+  (its #artifact))
+
 (the .public hash
   (Hash ID)
   (all product.hash
diff --git a/stdlib/source/library/lux/meta/compiler/meta/io/context.lux b/stdlib/source/library/lux/meta/compiler/meta/io/context.lux
index fe2967a047..bf6c0c8213 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/library/lux/meta/compiler/meta/io/context.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/library/lux/meta/compiler/meta/io/context.lux
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@
       (Async (Try Input)))
   (do (try.with async.monad)
     [[path binary] (..find_any_source_file fs importer import contexts partial_host_extension module)]
-    (when (of utf8.codec projection binary)
+    (when (of utf8.format projection binary)
       {try.#Success code}
       (in [////.#module module
            ////.#file path
diff --git a/stdlib/source/library/lux/meta/compiler/meta/packager/ruby.lux b/stdlib/source/library/lux/meta/compiler/meta/packager/ruby.lux
index d78d94b6d2..a4f0e2f5af 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/library/lux/meta/compiler/meta/packager/ruby.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/library/lux/meta/compiler/meta/packager/ruby.lux
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@
         [bundle (monad.mix !
                            (function (_ [artifact custom_name content] so_far)
                              (|> content
-                                 (of utf8.codec projection)
+                                 (of utf8.format projection)
                                  (of ! each
                                      (|>> as_expected
                                           (is declaration)
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@
                               (list#mix _.then bundle)
                               (is _.Statement)
                               _.code
-                              (of utf8.codec injection))]
+                              (of utf8.format injection))]
         (in (list.partial [module_id [(..module_file module_id) entry_content]]
                           sink))))))
 
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@
                                           (_.statement (_.string ""))))
                        (is _.Statement)
                        _.code
-                       (of utf8.codec injection))]]
+                       (of utf8.format injection))]]
     (in (|> entries
             (list#each product.right)
             {.#Item [..main_file imports]}
diff --git a/stdlib/source/library/lux/meta/compiler/meta/packager/script.lux b/stdlib/source/library/lux/meta/compiler/meta/packager/script.lux
index a63940c900..55abe6e9ae 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/library/lux/meta/compiler/meta/packager/script.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/library/lux/meta/compiler/meta/packager/script.lux
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@
       (monad.mix try.monad
                  (function (_ content so_far)
                    (|> content
-                       (of utf8.codec projection)
+                       (of utf8.format projection)
                        (of try.monad each
                            (|>> as_expected
                                 (is declaration)
@@ -78,5 +78,5 @@
           (monad.mix ! (..write_module necessary_dependencies sequence) header)
           (of ! each (|>> scope
                           code
-                          (of utf8.codec injection)
+                          (of utf8.format injection)
                           {.#Left}))))))
diff --git a/stdlib/source/library/lux/meta/compiler/target/c++.lux b/stdlib/source/library/lux/meta/compiler/target/c++.lux
index 15275bd776..077daed447 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/library/lux/meta/compiler/target/c++.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/library/lux/meta/compiler/target/c++.lux
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 (.require
  [library
   [lux (.except Code Type Global Declaration Definition Label
-                int as function template local global type also of is if for alias , the not)
+                int as function template local global type also of is if for alias , its not)
    [abstract
     [equivalence (.only Equivalence)]]
    [control
@@ -65,12 +65,12 @@
     [(`` (with_template [<type> <parameter>*']
            [(with_expansions [<parameter>* (template.spliced <parameter>*')
                               <brand> (template.symbol [<type> "'"])]
-              (nominal.every (<brand> <parameter>*)
-                Any)
-              
-              (.every .public <type>
-                (for_some (_ <parameter>*)
-                  (<super> (<brand> <parameter>*)))))]
+              (these (nominal.every (<brand> <parameter>*)
+                       Any)
+                     
+                     (.every .public <type>
+                       (for_some (_ <parameter>*)
+                         (<super> (<brand> <parameter>*))))))]
 
            (,, (template.spliced <type>+))))]
 
@@ -563,8 +563,8 @@
            Expression)
        (<% (%.message (%> owner) <separator> field)))]
 
-    ["." the]
-    ["->" the*]
+    ["." its]
+    ["->" its*]
     )
 
   (the .public (item index array)
diff --git a/stdlib/source/library/lux/meta/macro/template.lux b/stdlib/source/library/lux/meta/macro/template.lux
index ab00918766..67a512c233 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/library/lux/meta/macro/template.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/library/lux/meta/macro/template.lux
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
     ["[0]" try (.only Try)]
     ["[0]" exception (.only Exception)]]
    [data
-    ["[0]" bit (.use "[1]#[0]" codec)]
+    ["[0]" bit (.use "[1]#[0]" format)]
     ["[0]" text]
     [collection
      ["[0]" list (.use "[1]#[0]" monad)]
diff --git a/stdlib/source/library/lux/meta/symbol.lux b/stdlib/source/library/lux/meta/symbol.lux
index 3e64774afa..9518ab2330 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/library/lux/meta/symbol.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/library/lux/meta/symbol.lux
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
     [equivalence (.only Equivalence)]
     [hash (.only Hash)]
     [order (.only Order)]
-    [codec (.only Codec)]]
+    [format (.only Format)]]
    [data
     ["[0]" text (.use "[1]#[0]" equivalence monoid)]
     ["[0]" product]]]])
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@
   ".")
 
 (the .public absolute
-  (Codec Text Symbol)
+  (Format Text Symbol)
   (implementation
    (the (injection [module short])
      (when module
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@
 
 (the .public (relative expected)
   (-> Text
-      (Codec Text Symbol))
+      (Format Text Symbol))
   (implementation
    (the (injection [module short])
      (when module
diff --git a/stdlib/source/library/lux/meta/type.lux b/stdlib/source/library/lux/meta/type.lux
index 5e98eb1267..59888c799b 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/library/lux/meta/type.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/library/lux/meta/type.lux
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
   [lux (.except function as let variant tuple only except)
    [abstract
     [equivalence (.only Equivalence)]
-    [codec (.only Codec)]
+    [format (.only Format)]
     ["[0]" monad (.only Monad do)]]
    [control
     ["?" projection (.use "[1]#[0]" monad)]
@@ -86,8 +86,8 @@
   [flat_tuple   .#Product]
   )
 
-(`` (the (injection symbol_codec type)
-      (-> (Codec Text Symbol) Type
+(`` (the (injection symbol_format type)
+      (-> (Format Text Symbol) Type
           Text)
       (when type
         {.#Nominal name params}
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@
              "(Nominal "
              (text.enclosed' text.double_quote name)
              (|> params
-                 (list#each (|>> (injection symbol_codec) (text#composite " ")))
+                 (list#each (|>> (injection symbol_format) (text#composite " ")))
                  (list#mix (function.flipped text#composite) ""))
              ")")
 
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@
               [{<tag> _}
                (all text#composite <open>
                     (|> (<flat> type)
-                        (list#each (injection symbol_codec))
+                        (list#each (injection symbol_format))
                         list.reversed
                         (list.interposed " ")
                         (list#mix text#composite ""))
@@ -116,11 +116,11 @@
         (.let [[ins out] (flat_function type)]
           (all text#composite  "(-> "
                (|> ins
-                   (list#each (injection symbol_codec))
+                   (list#each (injection symbol_format))
                    list.reversed
                    (list.interposed " ")
                    (list#mix text#composite ""))
-               " " (injection symbol_codec out) ")"))
+               " " (injection symbol_format out) ")"))
 
         {.#Parameter idx}
         (n#injection idx)
@@ -133,17 +133,17 @@
 
         {.#Apply param fun}
         (.let [[type_func type_args] (flat_application type)]
-          (all text#composite  "(" (injection symbol_codec type_func) " " (|> type_args (list#each (injection symbol_codec)) list.reversed (list.interposed " ") (list#mix text#composite "")) ")"))
+          (all text#composite  "(" (injection symbol_format type_func) " " (|> type_args (list#each (injection symbol_format)) list.reversed (list.interposed " ") (list#mix text#composite "")) ")"))
 
         (,, (with_template [<tag> <desc>]
               [{<tag> env body}
-               (all text#composite "(" <desc> " {" (|> env (list#each (injection symbol_codec)) (text.interposed " ")) "} " (injection symbol_codec body) ")")]
+               (all text#composite "(" <desc> " {" (|> env (list#each (injection symbol_format)) (text.interposed " ")) "} " (injection symbol_format body) ")")]
 
               [.#Universal "All"]
               [.#Existential "Ex"]))
 
         {.#Named name type}
-        (of symbol_codec injection name)
+        (of symbol_format injection name)
         )))
 
 (the .public absolute_injection
diff --git a/stdlib/source/library/lux/web/html.lux b/stdlib/source/library/lux/web/html.lux
index 276da229f8..10395c29e9 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/library/lux/web/html.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/library/lux/web/html.lux
@@ -250,7 +250,7 @@
     (-> Attributes XML
         Element)
     (|> content
-        (of xml.codec injection)
+        (of xml.format injection)
         (..raw tag.svg attributes)))
 
   (every .public Coord
diff --git a/stdlib/source/library/lux/world/net/http/request.lux b/stdlib/source/library/lux/world/net/http/request.lux
index a6caf79b1a..bb4e95fdab 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/library/lux/world/net/http/request.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/library/lux/world/net/http/request.lux
@@ -12,9 +12,9 @@
     ["[0]" binary (.only Binary)]
     [text
      [encoding
-      ["[0]" utf8 (.use "[1]#[0]" codec)]]]
+      ["[0]" utf8 (.use "[1]#[0]" format)]]]
     [format
-     ["[0]" json (.only JSON) (.use "[1]#[0]" codec)]]]]]
+     ["[0]" json (.only JSON) (.use "[1]#[0]" format)]]]]]
  ["[0]" // (.only Method Body)
   ["[0]" version (.only Version)]
   ["[0]" header (.only Header)]
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
    ["[0]" mime]
    [uri (.only URI)
     ["[0]" scheme (.only Scheme)]
-    ["[0]" query (.only Query) (.use "[1]#[0]" codec)]]]])
+    ["[0]" query (.only Query) (.use "[1]#[0]" format)]]]])
 
 (every .public Identification
   (Record
diff --git a/stdlib/source/library/lux/world/net/http/response.lux b/stdlib/source/library/lux/world/net/http/response.lux
index 61e4e1caad..20eba5ec86 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/library/lux/world/net/http/response.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/library/lux/world/net/http/response.lux
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
      [encoding
       ["[0]" utf8]]]
     [format
-     ["[0]" json (.only JSON) (.use "[1]#[0]" codec)]]]
+     ["[0]" json (.only JSON) (.use "[1]#[0]" format)]]]
    [web
     ["[0]" html]
     ["[0]" css (.only CSS)]]]]
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@
                                (header.has header.content_length 0)
                                (header.has header.content_type mime.utf_8))
                //.#body (function (_ _)
-                          (of ! in {try.#Success [0 (of utf8.codec injection "")]}))]]))
+                          (of ! in {try.#Success [0 (of utf8.format injection "")]}))]]))
 
 (the .public (temporary_redirect ! to)
   (for_any (_ !)
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@
   (for_any (_ !)
     (-> (Monad !) Text
         (Response !)))
-  (|>> (of utf8.codec injection)
+  (|>> (of utf8.format injection)
        (content ! status.bad_request mime.utf_8)))
 
 (the .public (ok !)
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@
        (-> (Monad !) <type>
            (Response !)))
      (|>> <pre>
-          (of utf8.codec injection)
+          (of utf8.format injection)
           (..ok ! <mime>)))]
 
   [text Text          mime.utf_8 (<|)]
diff --git a/stdlib/source/library/lux/world/net/http/server.lux b/stdlib/source/library/lux/world/net/http/server.lux
index 941282baa2..46f0a027c7 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/library/lux/world/net/http/server.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/library/lux/world/net/http/server.lux
@@ -13,12 +13,12 @@
    [data
     ["[0]" text (.only)
      [encoding
-      ["[0]" utf8 (.use "[1]#[0]" codec)]]]
+      ["[0]" utf8 (.use "[1]#[0]" format)]]]
     [collection
      ["[0]" list (.use "[1]#[0]" functor mix)]
      ["[0]" dictionary]]
     [format
-     ["[0]" json (.only JSON) (.use "[1]#[0]" codec)
+     ["[0]" json (.only JSON) (.use "[1]#[0]" format)
       ["?[1]" \\projection]]]]
    [math
     [number
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@
   [//
    [uri (.only URI)
     ["[0]" scheme (.use "[1]#[0]" equivalence)]
-    ["[0]" query (.use "[1]#[0]" codec)]]]])
+    ["[0]" query (.use "[1]#[0]" format)]]]])
 
 (every .public (Server !)
   (-> (Monad !) (Request !)
diff --git a/stdlib/source/library/lux/world/net/uri.lux b/stdlib/source/library/lux/world/net/uri.lux
index 6d4549675a..cc1a24d39f 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/library/lux/world/net/uri.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/library/lux/world/net/uri.lux
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
   [port (.only Port)]
   [path (.only Path)]
   ["[0]" scheme (.only Scheme)]
-  ["[0]" query (.only Query) (.use "[1]#[0]" codec)]]
+  ["[0]" query (.only Query) (.use "[1]#[0]" format)]]
  ["[0]" // (.only Host)])
 
 (the .public (user_info name password)
diff --git a/stdlib/source/library/lux/world/net/uri/query.lux b/stdlib/source/library/lux/world/net/uri/query.lux
index 2f94a5530a..040a505e7f 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/library/lux/world/net/uri/query.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/library/lux/world/net/uri/query.lux
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
   [lux (.except)
    [abstract
     [monad (.only do)]
-    [codec (.only Codec)]
+    [format (.only Format)]
     [equivalence (.only Equivalence)]]
    [control
     ["?" projection]
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@
             (do !
               [_ (?text.this "%")
                code (|> (?text.exactly 2 ?text.hexadecimal)
-                        (?.codec nat.hex)
+                        (?.format nat.hex)
                         (of ! each text.of_char))
                tail component]
               (in (%.message head code tail))))))))
@@ -102,8 +102,8 @@
   (-> Text (Try Query))
   (?text.value (..form ..empty)))
 
-(the .public codec
-  (Codec Text Query)
+(the .public format
+  (Format Text Query)
   (implementation
    (the injection ..injection)
    (the projection ..query)))
diff --git a/stdlib/source/library/lux/world/shell.lux b/stdlib/source/library/lux/world/shell.lux
index e6c02ecd56..05e043f97a 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/library/lux/world/shell.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/library/lux/world/shell.lux
@@ -264,7 +264,7 @@
                                                       [fail jvm_error]
                                                       ))
                                                 (the (write message)
-                                                  (java/io/OutputStream::write [(of utf8.codec injection message)]
+                                                  (java/io/OutputStream::write [(of utf8.format injection message)]
                                                                                jvm_output))
                                                 (,, (with_template [<name> <method>]
                                                       [(the (<name> _)
diff --git a/stdlib/source/library/lux/world/time.lux b/stdlib/source/library/lux/world/time.lux
index 03d79192d8..938ec20ebe 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/library/lux/world/time.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/library/lux/world/time.lux
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
     [equivalence (.only Equivalence)]
     [order (.only Order)]
     [enum (.only Enum)]
-    [codec (.only Codec)]
+    [format (.only Format)]
     [monad (.only Monad
                   do)]]
    [control
@@ -53,12 +53,12 @@
 
 (the section_projection
   (Projection Nat)
-  (<>.codec n.decimal (<text>.exactly 2 <text>.decimal)))
+  (<>.format n.decimal (<text>.exactly 2 <text>.decimal)))
 
 (the millis_projection
   (Projection Nat)
   (<>.either (|> (<text>.at_most 3 <text>.decimal)
-                 (<>.codec n.decimal)
+                 (<>.format n.decimal)
                  (<>.after (<text>.this ".")))
              (of <>.monad in 0)))
 
@@ -215,8 +215,8 @@
          (..millis_injection _#milli_second)
          )))
 
-(the .public codec
-  (Codec Text Time)
+(the .public format
+  (Format Text Time)
   (implementation
    (the injection ..injection)
    (the projection (<text>.value ..projection))))
diff --git a/stdlib/source/library/lux/world/time/date.lux b/stdlib/source/library/lux/world/time/date.lux
index 0b15c83ad1..22c26ca647 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/library/lux/world/time/date.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/library/lux/world/time/date.lux
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
     [equivalence (.only Equivalence)]
     [order (.only Order)]
     [enum (.only Enum)]
-    [codec (.only Codec)]
+    [format (.only Format)]
     [monad (.only do)]]
    [control
     ["<>" projection (.only)]
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@
    (list ["Value" (n#injection day)]
          ["Minimum" (n#injection ..minimum_day)]
          ["Maximum" (n#injection (..month_days year month))]
-         ["Year" (of //year.codec injection year)]
+         ["Year" (of //year.format injection year)]
          ["Month" (n#injection (//month.number month))])))
 
 (the separator
@@ -140,12 +140,12 @@
 
 (the section_projection
   (Projection Nat)
-  (<>.codec n.decimal (<text>.exactly 2 <text>.decimal)))
+  (<>.format n.decimal (<text>.exactly 2 <text>.decimal)))
 
 (the millis_projection
   (Projection Nat)
   (<>.either (|> (<text>.at_most 3 <text>.decimal)
-                 (<>.codec n.decimal)
+                 (<>.format n.decimal)
                  (<>.after (<text>.this ".")))
              (of <>.monad in 0)))
 
@@ -184,12 +184,12 @@
   (-> Date Text)
   (let [segment (of (n.padded 2 n.decimal) injection)]
     (all text#composite
-         (of //year.codec injection (..year value))
+         (of //year.format injection (..year value))
          ..separator (segment (|> value ..month //month.number))
          ..separator (segment (..day_of_month value)))))
 
-(the .public codec
-  (Codec Text Date)
+(the .public format
+  (Format Text Date)
   (implementation
    (the injection ..injection)
    (the projection (<text>.value ..projection))))
diff --git a/stdlib/source/library/lux/world/time/day.lux b/stdlib/source/library/lux/world/time/day.lux
index e829a5f7e8..c6f9f7e2a1 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/library/lux/world/time/day.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/library/lux/world/time/day.lux
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
     [hash (.only Hash)]
     [order (.only Order)]
     [enum (.only Enum)]
-    [codec (.only Codec)]]
+    [format (.only Format)]]
    [control
     ["[0]" try (.only Try)]
     ["[0]" exception (.only Exception)]]
@@ -103,8 +103,8 @@
   (exception.report
    (list ["Value" (text.injection value)])))
 
-(the .public codec
-  (Codec Text Day)
+(the .public format
+  (Format Text Day)
   (implementation
    (the (injection value)
      (when value
diff --git a/stdlib/source/library/lux/world/time/duration.lux b/stdlib/source/library/lux/world/time/duration.lux
index 3680fb9786..30d41e8b5e 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/library/lux/world/time/duration.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/library/lux/world/time/duration.lux
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
     [equivalence (.only Equivalence)]
     [order (.only Order)]
     [enum (.only Enum)]
-    [codec (.only Codec)]
+    [format (.only Format)]
     [monoid (.only Monoid)]
     [monad (.only do)]]
    [control
@@ -175,7 +175,7 @@
   (let [section (is (-> Text Text (Projection Nat))
                     (function (_ suffix false_suffix)
                       (|> (<text>.many <text>.decimal)
-                          (<>.codec nat.decimal)
+                          (<>.format nat.decimal)
                           (<>.before (when false_suffix
                                        "" (<text>.this suffix)
                                        _ (<>.after (<>.not (<text>.this false_suffix))
@@ -199,8 +199,8 @@
             {.#Left _} (..inverse span)
             {.#Right _} span)))))
 
-(the .public codec
-  (Codec Text Duration)
+(the .public format
+  (Format Text Duration)
   (implementation
    (the injection ..injection)
    (the projection (<text>.value ..projection))))
diff --git a/stdlib/source/library/lux/world/time/instant.lux b/stdlib/source/library/lux/world/time/instant.lux
index 2f1ed932fc..c0ee8a8c55 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/library/lux/world/time/instant.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/library/lux/world/time/instant.lux
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
     [equivalence (.only Equivalence)]
     [order (.only Order)]
     [enum (.only Enum)]
-    [codec (.only Codec)]
+    [format (.only Format)]
     [monad (.only Monad do)]
     [hash (.only Hash)]]
    [control
@@ -172,8 +172,8 @@
   (let [[date time] (..date_time instant)
         time (..clock_time time)]
     (all text#composite
-         (of date.codec injection date) ..date_suffix
-         (of //.codec injection time) ..time_suffix)))
+         (of date.format injection date) ..date_suffix
+         (of //.format injection time) ..time_suffix)))
 
 (the .public projection
   (Projection Instant)
@@ -190,8 +190,8 @@
             (duration.composite (duration.up time duration.milli_second))
             ..absolute))))
 
-(the .public codec
-  (Codec Text Instant)
+(the .public format
+  (Format Text Instant)
   (implementation
    (the injection ..injection)
    (the projection (<text>.value ..projection))))
diff --git a/stdlib/source/library/lux/world/time/month.lux b/stdlib/source/library/lux/world/time/month.lux
index efe4ac1d47..6cdf562d34 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/library/lux/world/time/month.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/library/lux/world/time/month.lux
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
     [hash (.only Hash)]
     [order (.only Order)]
     [enum (.only Enum)]
-    [codec (.only Codec)]]
+    [format (.only Format)]]
    [control
     ["[0]" try (.only Try)]
     ["[0]" exception (.only Exception)]]
@@ -216,8 +216,8 @@
   (exception.report
    (list ["Value" (text.injection value)])))
 
-(the .public codec
-  (Codec Text Month)
+(the .public format
+  (Format Text Month)
   (implementation
    (the (injection value)
      (when value
diff --git a/stdlib/source/library/lux/world/time/year.lux b/stdlib/source/library/lux/world/time/year.lux
index 8a4d093e2e..4020e88f39 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/library/lux/world/time/year.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/library/lux/world/time/year.lux
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
   [lux (.except)
    [abstract
     [monad (.only do)]
-    [codec (.only Codec)]
+    [format (.only Format)]
     [equivalence (.only Equivalence)]
     [order (.only Order)]]
    [control
@@ -121,13 +121,13 @@
   (do [! <>.monad]
     [sign (<>.or (<text>.this "-") (in []))
      digits (<text>.many <text>.decimal)
-     raw_year (<>.codec i.decimal (in (text#composite "+" digits)))]
+     raw_year (<>.format i.decimal (in (text#composite "+" digits)))]
     (<>.of_try (..year (when sign
                          {.#Left _}  (i.* -1 raw_year)
                          {.#Right _} raw_year)))))
 
-(the .public codec
-  (Codec Text Year)
+(the .public format
+  (Format Text Year)
   (implementation
    (the injection ..injection)
    (the projection (<text>.value ..projection))))
diff --git a/stdlib/source/polytypic/lux/data/format/json.lux b/stdlib/source/polytypic/lux/data/format/json.lux
index f45c9aa74c..fb3072f896 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/polytypic/lux/data/format/json.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/polytypic/lux/data/format/json.lux
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
   [lux (.except)
    [abstract
     [monad (.only do)]
-    ["[0]" codec]]
+    ["[0]" format]]
    [control
     ["[0]" try]]
    [data
@@ -25,35 +25,35 @@
  [\\library
   ["[0]" /]])
 
-(the .public codec
+(the .public format
   (polytypic
-    (` (codec.Codec /.JSON))
-    [poly.#sum (poly.composite (` /.sum))
-     poly.#product (poly.composite (` /.product))
-     poly.#function poly.not_applicable
-     poly.#apply {.#None}
-     poly.#recursive (function (_ code ['*self body])
-                       (do try.monad
-                         ['body (code body)]
-                         (in (` (/.recursive
-                                 (.function ((,* '*self) (,* '*self))
-                                   (, 'body)))))))
-     poly.#recursion {.#None}
-     poly.#any {.#Some (` /.any)}
-     poly.#polymorphic {.#None}
-     poly.#parameter {.#None}]
-    (list [Bit (` /.bit)]
-          [Nat (` /.nat)]
-          [Int (` /.int)]
-          [Rev (` /.rev)]
-          [Dec (` /.dec)]
-          [Text (` /.text)]
-          [duration.Duration (` /.duration)]
-          [instant.Instant (` /.instant)]
-          [date.Date (` /.date)]
-          [day.Day (` /.day)]
-          [month.Month (` /.month)]
+   (` (format.Format /.JSON))
+   [poly.#sum (poly.composite (` /.sum))
+    poly.#product (poly.composite (` /.product))
+    poly.#function poly.not_applicable
+    poly.#apply {.#None}
+    poly.#recursive (function (_ code ['*self body])
+                      (do try.monad
+                        ['body (code body)]
+                        (in (` (/.recursive
+                                (.function ((,* '*self) (,* '*self))
+                                  (, 'body)))))))
+    poly.#recursion {.#None}
+    poly.#any {.#Some (` /.any)}
+    poly.#polymorphic {.#None}
+    poly.#parameter {.#None}]
+   (list [Bit (` /.bit)]
+         [Nat (` /.nat)]
+         [Int (` /.int)]
+         [Rev (` /.rev)]
+         [Dec (` /.dec)]
+         [Text (` /.text)]
+         [duration.Duration (` /.duration)]
+         [instant.Instant (` /.instant)]
+         [date.Date (` /.date)]
+         [day.Day (` /.day)]
+         [month.Month (` /.month)]
 
-          [(type (Dictionary Text)) (` /.dictionary)]
-          [List (` /.list)]
-          )))
+         [(type (Dictionary Text)) (` /.dictionary)]
+         [List (` /.list)]
+         )))
diff --git a/stdlib/source/program/aedifex/artifact/snapshot/build.lux b/stdlib/source/program/aedifex/artifact/snapshot/build.lux
index 78f6523c45..aefaa63987 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/program/aedifex/artifact/snapshot/build.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/program/aedifex/artifact/snapshot/build.lux
@@ -41,5 +41,5 @@
 (the .public projection
   (Projection Build)
   (<| (<xml>.node ..tag)
-      (<text>.then (<>.codec nat.decimal (<text>.many <text>.decimal)))
+      (<text>.then (<>.format nat.decimal (<text>.many <text>.decimal)))
       <xml>.text))
diff --git a/stdlib/source/program/aedifex/artifact/time/date.lux b/stdlib/source/program/aedifex/artifact/time/date.lux
index 7f8c4e2e39..0dc5193ad0 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/program/aedifex/artifact/time/date.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/program/aedifex/artifact/time/date.lux
@@ -79,10 +79,10 @@
   (the .public projection
     (Projection Date)
     (do <>.monad
-      [year (<>.codec n.decimal (<text>.exactly 4 <text>.decimal))
+      [year (<>.format n.decimal (<text>.exactly 4 <text>.decimal))
        year (<>.of_try (year.year (.int year)))
-       month (<>.codec n.decimal (<text>.exactly 2 <text>.decimal))
+       month (<>.format n.decimal (<text>.exactly 2 <text>.decimal))
        month (<>.of_try (month.by_number month))
-       day_of_month (<>.codec n.decimal (<text>.exactly 2 <text>.decimal))
+       day_of_month (<>.format n.decimal (<text>.exactly 2 <text>.decimal))
        date (<>.of_try (date.date year month day_of_month))]
       (in (nominal.abstraction date)))))
diff --git a/stdlib/source/program/aedifex/artifact/time/time.lux b/stdlib/source/program/aedifex/artifact/time/time.lux
index 3a524a1cfe..c8e72e3439 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/program/aedifex/artifact/time/time.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/program/aedifex/artifact/time/time.lux
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 (the .public projection
   (<text>.Projection Time)
   (do <>.monad
-    [hour (<>.codec n.decimal (<text>.exactly 2 <text>.decimal))
-     minute (<>.codec n.decimal (<text>.exactly 2 <text>.decimal))
-     second (<>.codec n.decimal (<text>.exactly 2 <text>.decimal))]
+    [hour (<>.format n.decimal (<text>.exactly 2 <text>.decimal))
+     minute (<>.format n.decimal (<text>.exactly 2 <text>.decimal))
+     second (<>.format n.decimal (<text>.exactly 2 <text>.decimal))]
     (<>.of_try (time.time
                 [time.#hour hour
                  time.#minute minute
diff --git a/stdlib/source/program/aedifex/command/deploy/release.lux b/stdlib/source/program/aedifex/command/deploy/release.lux
index 10eeae4dd4..8abcebee8b 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/program/aedifex/command/deploy/release.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/program/aedifex/command/deploy/release.lux
@@ -143,13 +143,13 @@
     [it (..release_unsigned_artifact! local remote artifact)
      _ (|> it
            ////hash.md5
-           (of ////hash.md5_codec injection)
-           (of utf8.codec injection)
+           (of ////hash.md5_format injection)
+           (of utf8.format injection)
            (of remote upload (..md5 artifact)))
      _ (|> it
            ////hash.sha1
-           (of ////hash.sha1_codec injection)
-           (of utf8.codec injection)
+           (of ////hash.sha1_format injection)
+           (of utf8.format injection)
            (of remote upload (..sha1 artifact)))
      _ (..release_unsigned_artifact! local remote signature)]
     (in [])))
diff --git a/stdlib/source/program/aedifex/command/deploy/snapshot.lux b/stdlib/source/program/aedifex/command/deploy/snapshot.lux
index 84b1a8ba03..3f78269f20 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/program/aedifex/command/deploy/snapshot.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/program/aedifex/command/deploy/snapshot.lux
@@ -61,8 +61,8 @@
         remote
         [artifact ////artifact/type.lux_library]
         (let [pom_data (|> pom
-                           (of xml.codec injection)
-                           (of utf8.codec injection))]
+                           (of xml.format injection)
+                           (of utf8.format injection))]
           [////package.#origin {////repository/origin.#Remote ""}
            ////package.#library [library
                                  (////dependency/status.verified library)]
diff --git a/stdlib/source/program/aedifex/command/install.lux b/stdlib/source/program/aedifex/command/install.lux
index 1d5ceb709f..0af9789221 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/program/aedifex/command/install.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/program/aedifex/command/install.lux
@@ -68,8 +68,8 @@
        _ (///dependency/deployment.one local
                                        [identity ///artifact/type.lux_library]
                                        (let [pom_data (|> pom
-                                                          (of xml.codec injection)
-                                                          (of utf8.codec injection))]
+                                                          (of xml.format injection)
+                                                          (of utf8.format injection))]
                                          [///package.#origin {///origin.#Local ""}
                                           ///package.#library (let [library (binary.value tar.injection package)]
                                                                 [library (///dependency/status.verified library)])
diff --git a/stdlib/source/program/aedifex/command/pom.lux b/stdlib/source/program/aedifex/command/pom.lux
index 7b447a59fc..74c9525ec9 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/program/aedifex/command/pom.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/program/aedifex/command/pom.lux
@@ -32,8 +32,8 @@
   (-> (Console Async) (file.System Async) (Command Any))
   (do ///action.monad
     [content (|> (///pom.write profile)
-                 (try#each (|>> (of xml.codec injection)
-                                (of utf8.codec injection)))
+                 (try#each (|>> (of xml.format injection)
+                                (of utf8.format injection)))
                  async#in)
      _ (of fs write ///pom.file content)]
     (is (Async (Try Any))
diff --git a/stdlib/source/program/aedifex/dependency/deployment.lux b/stdlib/source/program/aedifex/dependency/deployment.lux
index aec6169ed1..c7f8dbffb8 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/program/aedifex/dependency/deployment.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/program/aedifex/dependency/deployment.lux
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
  [library
   [lux (.except all)
    [abstract
-    [codec (.only Codec)]
+    [format (.only Format)]
     ["[0]" monad (.only do)]]
    [control
     ["[0]" try (.only Try)]
@@ -49,12 +49,12 @@
   (let [artifact (%.message (///artifact.uri version_template artifact)
                             (///artifact/extension.extension type))
         deploy_hash (is (for_any (_ h)
-                          (-> (Codec Text (Hash h)) Extension (Hash h)
+                          (-> (Format Text (Hash h)) Extension (Hash h)
                               (Async (Try Any))))
-                        (function (_ codec extension hash)
+                        (function (_ format extension hash)
                           (|> hash
-                              (of codec injection)
-                              (of utf8.codec injection)
+                              (of format injection)
+                              (of utf8.format injection)
                               (of repository upload (%.message artifact extension)))))]
     (do [! (try.with async.monad)]
       [_ (of repository upload artifact data)]
@@ -65,15 +65,15 @@
         {///dependency/status.#Partial partial}
         (when partial
           {.#Left sha1}
-          (deploy_hash ///hash.sha1_codec ///artifact/extension.sha1 sha1)
+          (deploy_hash ///hash.sha1_format ///artifact/extension.sha1 sha1)
           
           {.#Right md5}
-          (deploy_hash ///hash.md5_codec ///artifact/extension.md5 md5))
+          (deploy_hash ///hash.md5_format ///artifact/extension.md5 md5))
         
         {///dependency/status.#Verified sha1 md5}
         (do !
-          [_ (deploy_hash ///hash.sha1_codec ///artifact/extension.sha1 sha1)]
-          (deploy_hash ///hash.md5_codec ///artifact/extension.md5 md5))))))
+          [_ (deploy_hash ///hash.sha1_format ///artifact/extension.sha1 sha1)]
+          (deploy_hash ///hash.md5_format ///artifact/extension.md5 md5))))))
 
 (the (artifacts type status)
   (-> ///artifact/type.Type Status (List ///artifact/type.Type))
diff --git a/stdlib/source/program/aedifex/dependency/resolution.lux b/stdlib/source/program/aedifex/dependency/resolution.lux
index 0cb369eb1e..c985ec7948 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/program/aedifex/dependency/resolution.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/program/aedifex/dependency/resolution.lux
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
    ["[0]" debug]
    ["[0]" ffi (.only import)]
    [abstract
-    [codec (.only Codec)]
+    [format (.only Format)]
     [equivalence (.only Equivalence)]
     [monad (.only do)]]
    [control
@@ -77,10 +77,10 @@
   "[1]::[0]"
   (trim [] java/lang/String))
 
-(the (verified_hash library repository version_template artifact extension hash codec exception)
+(the (verified_hash library repository version_template artifact extension hash format exception)
   (for_any (_ h)
     (-> Binary (Repository Async) Version Artifact Extension
-        (-> Binary (Hash h)) (Codec Text (Hash h))
+        (-> Binary (Hash h)) (Format Text (Hash h))
         (Exception [Artifact Extension Text])
         (Async (Try (Maybe (Hash h))))))
   (do async.monad
@@ -89,12 +89,12 @@
       {try.#Success actual}
       (in (do [! try.monad]
             [output (of ! each (|>> ffi.as_string java/lang/String::trim ffi.of_string)
-                        (of utf8.codec projection actual))
+                        (of utf8.format projection actual))
              actual (|> output
                         (text.all_split_by " ")
                         list.head
                         (maybe.else output)
-                        (of codec projection))
+                        (of format projection))
              _ (exception.assertion exception [artifact extension output]
                                     (of ///hash.equivalence = (hash library) actual))]
             (in {.#Some actual})))
@@ -108,10 +108,10 @@
     [data (of repository download (///repository/remote.uri version_template artifact extension))
      ?sha1 (..verified_hash data
                             repository version_template artifact (%.message extension ///artifact/extension.sha1)
-                            ///hash.sha1 ///hash.sha1_codec ..sha1_does_not_match)
+                            ///hash.sha1 ///hash.sha1_format ..sha1_does_not_match)
      ?md5 (..verified_hash data
                            repository version_template artifact (%.message extension ///artifact/extension.md5)
-                           ///hash.md5 ///hash.md5_codec ..md5_does_not_match)]
+                           ///hash.md5 ///hash.md5_format ..md5_does_not_match)]
     (in [data (when [?sha1 ?md5]
                 [{.#Some sha1} {.#Some md5}]
                 {//status.#Verified sha1 md5}
@@ -139,8 +139,8 @@
        library_&_status (..hashed repository version_template artifact extension)]
       (of async.monad in
           (do try.monad
-            [pom (of utf8.codec projection pom_data)
-             pom (of xml.codec projection pom)
+            [pom (of utf8.format projection pom_data)
+             pom (of xml.format projection pom)
              profile (<xml>.value ///pom.projection (list pom))]
             (in [///package.#origin {///repository/origin.#Remote ""}
                  ///package.#library library_&_status
diff --git a/stdlib/source/program/aedifex/hash.lux b/stdlib/source/program/aedifex/hash.lux
index dc07235690..0cabc47a30 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/program/aedifex/hash.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/program/aedifex/hash.lux
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
   [lux (.except)
    ["[0]" ffi (.only import)]
    [abstract
-    [codec (.only Codec)]
+    [format (.only Format)]
     [equivalence (.only Equivalence)]
     [monad (.only do)]]
    [control
@@ -154,15 +154,15 @@
                 _ (exception.except ..not_a_hash [(..encoding_size size) injection])))))
         (exception.except ..not_a_hash [(..encoding_size size) injection]))))
 
-  (with_template [<codec> <hash> <nat> <constructor>]
-    [(the .public <codec>
-       (Codec Text (Hash <hash>))
+  (with_template [<format> <hash> <nat> <constructor>]
+    [(the .public <format>
+       (Format Text (Hash <hash>))
        (implementation
         (the injection (|>> nominal.representation ..injection))
         (the projection (..projection <nat> <constructor>))))]
 
-    [sha1_codec SHA1 ..sha1::size ..as_sha1]
-    [md5_codec MD5 ..md5::size ..as_md5]
+    [sha1_format SHA1 ..sha1::size ..as_sha1]
+    [md5_format MD5 ..md5::size ..as_md5]
     )
 
   (the .public equivalence
diff --git a/stdlib/source/program/aedifex/input.lux b/stdlib/source/program/aedifex/input.lux
index 624f573dd6..2383f02bf6 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/program/aedifex/input.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/program/aedifex/input.lux
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@
 (the project_projection
   (-> Binary (Try Project))
   (|>> (pipe.do try.monad
-         [(of utf8.codec projection)]
+         [(of utf8.format projection)]
          [..lux_projection]
          [(list) (<code>.value //projection.project)])))
 
diff --git a/stdlib/source/program/aedifex/metadata/artifact.lux b/stdlib/source/program/aedifex/metadata/artifact.lux
index 7f438fbafd..733dba6148 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/program/aedifex/metadata/artifact.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/program/aedifex/metadata/artifact.lux
@@ -118,19 +118,19 @@
 (the date_projection
   (<text>.Projection Date)
   (do <>.monad
-    [year (<>.codec n.decimal (<text>.exactly 4 <text>.decimal))
+    [year (<>.format n.decimal (<text>.exactly 4 <text>.decimal))
      year (<>.of_try (year.year (.int year)))
-     month (<>.codec n.decimal (<text>.exactly 2 <text>.decimal))
+     month (<>.format n.decimal (<text>.exactly 2 <text>.decimal))
      month (<>.of_try (month.by_number month))
-     day_of_month (<>.codec n.decimal (<text>.exactly 2 <text>.decimal))]
+     day_of_month (<>.format n.decimal (<text>.exactly 2 <text>.decimal))]
     (<>.of_try (date.date year month day_of_month))))
 
 (the time_projection
   (<text>.Projection Time)
   (do <>.monad
-    [hour (<>.codec n.decimal (<text>.exactly 2 <text>.decimal))
-     minute (<>.codec n.decimal (<text>.exactly 2 <text>.decimal))
-     second (<>.codec n.decimal (<text>.exactly 2 <text>.decimal))]
+    [hour (<>.format n.decimal (<text>.exactly 2 <text>.decimal))
+     minute (<>.format n.decimal (<text>.exactly 2 <text>.decimal))
+     second (<>.format n.decimal (<text>.exactly 2 <text>.decimal))]
     (<>.of_try (time.time
                 [time.#hour hour
                  time.#minute minute
@@ -186,8 +186,8 @@
       {try.#Success binary_metadata}
       (in (|> binary_metadata
               (pipe.do try.monad
-                [(of utf8.codec projection)]
-                [(of xml.codec projection)]
+                [(of utf8.format projection)]
+                [(of xml.format projection)]
                 [list (<xml>.value ..projection)])))
       
       {try.#Failure error}
@@ -202,6 +202,6 @@
   (-> (Repository Async) Artifact Metadata (Async (Try Any)))
   (|> metadata
       ..injection
-      (of xml.codec injection)
-      (of utf8.codec injection)
+      (of xml.format injection)
+      (of utf8.format injection)
       (of repository upload (..uri artifact))))
diff --git a/stdlib/source/program/aedifex/metadata/snapshot.lux b/stdlib/source/program/aedifex/metadata/snapshot.lux
index 9ad57ed394..cb769dc741 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/program/aedifex/metadata/snapshot.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/program/aedifex/metadata/snapshot.lux
@@ -134,8 +134,8 @@
       {try.#Success project}
       (in (|> project
               (pipe.do try.monad
-                [(of utf8.codec projection)]
-                [(of xml.codec projection)]
+                [(of utf8.format projection)]
+                [(of xml.format projection)]
                 [list (<xml>.value ..projection)])))
       
       {try.#Failure error}
@@ -147,6 +147,6 @@
   (-> (Repository Async) Artifact Metadata (Async (Try Any)))
   (|> metadata
       ..injection
-      (of xml.codec injection)
-      (of utf8.codec injection)
+      (of xml.format injection)
+      (of utf8.format injection)
       (of repository upload (..uri artifact))))
diff --git a/stdlib/source/program/aedifex/package.lux b/stdlib/source/program/aedifex/package.lux
index a2a24a32d4..f096abf9c8 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/program/aedifex/package.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/program/aedifex/package.lux
@@ -56,7 +56,9 @@
    #library [library
              {//status.#Verified (//hash.sha1 library)
                                  (//hash.md5 library)}]
-   #pom (let [binary_pom (|> pom (of xml.codec injection) (of utf8.codec injection))]
+   #pom (let [binary_pom (|> pom
+                             (of xml.format injection)
+                             (of utf8.format injection))]
           [pom
            binary_pom
            {//status.#Verified (//hash.sha1 binary_pom)
diff --git a/stdlib/source/program/aedifex/repository/identity.lux b/stdlib/source/program/aedifex/repository/identity.lux
index cc4ee16e26..3a97632c0b 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/program/aedifex/repository/identity.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/program/aedifex/repository/identity.lux
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@
 
 (the .public (basic_auth user password)
   (-> User Password Text)
-  (let [credentials (of utf8.codec injection (%.message user ":" password))]
+  (let [credentials (of utf8.format injection (%.message user ":" password))]
     (|> (java/util/Base64::getEncoder)
         (java/util/Base64$Encoder::encodeToString credentials)
         ffi.of_string
diff --git a/stdlib/source/program/compositor.lux b/stdlib/source/program/compositor.lux
index c6c4ff401b..9f32c405a9 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/program/compositor.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/program/compositor.lux
@@ -277,7 +277,7 @@
 
                {try.#Success tar}
                (do [! (try.with !)]
-                 [tar (async#in (of tar.codec projection tar))
+                 [tar (async#in (of tar.format projection tar))
                   _ (sequence#mix (function (_ entry then)
                                     (when entry
                                       {tar.#Normal [path instant mode ownership content]}
@@ -303,7 +303,7 @@
              [cache (cache_tar context (its platform.#file_system platform))]
              (of original_fs write
                  (cache_path original_fs context)
-                 (of tar.codec injection cache))))
+                 (of tar.format injection cache))))
 
          (the (with_caching it)
            (for_any (_ <parameters>)
diff --git a/stdlib/source/projection/lux/data/binary.lux b/stdlib/source/projection/lux/data/binary.lux
index a1355ef2da..83e54ef6c2 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/projection/lux/data/binary.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/projection/lux/data/binary.lux
@@ -222,7 +222,7 @@
          (Projection Text)
          (do //.monad
            [utf8 <binary>]
-           (//.of_try (of utf8.codec projection utf8)))))]
+           (//.of_try (of utf8.format projection utf8)))))]
 
   [08 utf8_8  ..binary_8]
   [16 utf8_16 ..binary_16]
diff --git a/stdlib/source/projection/lux/data/format/xml.lux b/stdlib/source/projection/lux/data/format/xml.lux
index 5e4398cfb9..30ff723e20 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/projection/lux/data/format/xml.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/projection/lux/data/format/xml.lux
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@
 (exception.the .public (unconsumed_inputs inputs)
   (Exception (List XML))
   (exception.report
-   (list ["Inputs" (exception.listing (of /.codec injection) inputs)])))
+   (list ["Inputs" (exception.listing (of /.format injection) inputs)])))
 
 (the (value' projection attrs documents)
   (for_any (_ of)
diff --git a/stdlib/source/test/aedifex/command/auto.lux b/stdlib/source/test/aedifex/command/auto.lux
index 0b8eb9acc8..841708bd13 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/test/aedifex/command/auto.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/test/aedifex/command/auto.lux
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@
          (if (n.= expected_runs actual_runs)
            (in {try.#Failure end_signal})
            (do (try.with !)
-             [_ (of fs write dummy_file (of utf8.codec injection (%.nat actual_runs)))
+             [_ (of fs write dummy_file (of utf8.format injection (%.nat actual_runs)))
               _ (of fs modify dummy_file (|> actual_runs .int instant.of_millis))]
              (in [shell.normal []])))))]))
 
diff --git a/stdlib/source/test/aedifex/command/deploy.lux b/stdlib/source/test/aedifex/command/deploy.lux
index 2fba504d0d..4374f1d76e 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/test/aedifex/command/deploy.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/test/aedifex/command/deploy.lux
@@ -134,13 +134,13 @@
                           actual_sha1 (of remote download (///repository/remote.uri (its ///artifact.#version artifact) artifact (%.message ///artifact/extension.lux_library ///artifact/extension.sha1)))
                           actual_sha1 (of async.monad in
                                           (do try.monad
-                                            [actual_sha1 (of utf8.codec projection actual_sha1)]
-                                            (of ///hash.sha1_codec projection actual_sha1)))
+                                            [actual_sha1 (of utf8.format projection actual_sha1)]
+                                            (of ///hash.sha1_format projection actual_sha1)))
                           actual_md5 (of remote download (///repository/remote.uri (its ///artifact.#version artifact) artifact (%.message ///artifact/extension.lux_library ///artifact/extension.md5)))
                           actual_md5 (of async.monad in
                                          (do try.monad
-                                           [actual_md5 (of utf8.codec projection actual_md5)]
-                                           (of ///hash.md5_codec projection actual_md5)))
+                                           [actual_md5 (of utf8.format projection actual_md5)]
+                                           (of ///hash.md5_format projection actual_md5)))
 
                           .let [succeeded!
                                 (and (text#= //install.success locally_installed!)
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@
                                           actual_library)
 
                                 deployed_pom!
-                                (binary#= (|> expected_pom (of xml.codec injection) (of utf8.codec injection))
+                                (binary#= (|> expected_pom (of xml.format injection) (of utf8.format injection))
                                           actual_pom)
 
                                 deployed_sha1!
diff --git a/stdlib/source/test/aedifex/command/deps.lux b/stdlib/source/test/aedifex/command/deps.lux
index 54a9285188..cf8d787701 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/test/aedifex/command/deps.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/test/aedifex/command/deps.lux
@@ -90,12 +90,12 @@
                dependee_package (|> dependee_package
                                     (has ///package.#origin {///repository/origin.#Remote ""})
                                     (has ///package.#pom [dependee_pom
-                                                          (|> dependee_pom (of xml.codec injection) (of utf8.codec injection))
+                                                          (|> dependee_pom (of xml.format injection) (of utf8.format injection))
                                                           {///dependency/status.#Unverified}]))
                depender_package (|> depender_package
                                     (has ///package.#origin {///repository/origin.#Remote ""})
                                     (has ///package.#pom [depender_pom
-                                                          (|> depender_pom (of xml.codec injection) (of utf8.codec injection))
+                                                          (|> depender_pom (of xml.format injection) (of utf8.format injection))
                                                           {///dependency/status.#Unverified}]))
 
                fs (file.mock (of file.default separator))
diff --git a/stdlib/source/test/aedifex/command/pom.lux b/stdlib/source/test/aedifex/command/pom.lux
index 11f8ef9ed6..176958c15f 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/test/aedifex/command/pom.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/test/aedifex/command/pom.lux
@@ -49,8 +49,8 @@
                 (do !
                   [verdict (do ///action.monad
                              [expected (|> (///pom.write sample)
-                                           (try#each (|>> (of xml.codec injection)
-                                                          (of utf8.codec injection)))
+                                           (try#each (|>> (of xml.format injection)
+                                                          (of utf8.format injection)))
                                            (of ! in))
                               actual (of fs read ///pom.file)
 
diff --git a/stdlib/source/test/aedifex/dependency/resolution.lux b/stdlib/source/test/aedifex/dependency/resolution.lux
index c293d631f2..a2719b5c81 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/test/aedifex/dependency/resolution.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/test/aedifex/dependency/resolution.lux
@@ -83,14 +83,14 @@
 (the sha1
   (-> Binary Binary)
   (|>> ///hash.sha1
-       (of ///hash.sha1_codec injection)
-       (of utf8.codec injection)))
+       (of ///hash.sha1_format injection)
+       (of utf8.format injection)))
 
 (the md5
   (-> Binary Binary)
   (|>> ///hash.md5
-       (of ///hash.md5_codec injection)
-       (of utf8.codec injection)))
+       (of ///hash.md5_format injection)
+       (of utf8.format injection)))
 
 (the .public nope
   (Mock Any)
@@ -118,8 +118,8 @@
                        (|> package
                            (its ///package.#pom)
                            product.left
-                           (of xml.codec injection)
-                           (of utf8.codec injection)))]
+                           (of xml.format injection)
+                           (of utf8.format injection)))]
            (cond (text.ends_with? ///artifact/extension.lux_library uri)
                  {try.#Success [state library]}
 
@@ -172,23 +172,23 @@
              {try.#Success [state (|> expected_package
                                       (its ///package.#pom)
                                       product.left
-                                      (of xml.codec injection)
-                                      (of utf8.codec injection))]}
+                                      (of xml.format injection)
+                                      (of utf8.format injection))]}
 
              (text.ends_with? ..pom_sha1 uri)
              {try.#Success [state (|> dummy_package
                                       (its ///package.#pom)
                                       product.left
-                                      (of xml.codec injection)
-                                      (of utf8.codec injection)
+                                      (of xml.format injection)
+                                      (of utf8.format injection)
                                       ..sha1)]}
 
              (text.ends_with? ..pom_md5 uri)
              {try.#Success [state (|> expected_package
                                       (its ///package.#pom)
                                       product.left
-                                      (of xml.codec injection)
-                                      (of utf8.codec injection)
+                                      (of xml.format injection)
+                                      (of utf8.format injection)
                                       ..md5)]}
 
              ... else
@@ -225,23 +225,23 @@
              {try.#Success [state (|> expected_package
                                       (its ///package.#pom)
                                       product.left
-                                      (of xml.codec injection)
-                                      (of utf8.codec injection))]}
+                                      (of xml.format injection)
+                                      (of utf8.format injection))]}
 
              (text.ends_with? ..pom_sha1 uri)
              {try.#Success [state (|> expected_package
                                       (its ///package.#pom)
                                       product.left
-                                      (of xml.codec injection)
-                                      (of utf8.codec injection)
+                                      (of xml.format injection)
+                                      (of utf8.format injection)
                                       ..sha1)]}
 
              (text.ends_with? ..pom_md5 uri)
              {try.#Success [state (|> dummy_package
                                       (its ///package.#pom)
                                       product.left
-                                      (of xml.codec injection)
-                                      (of utf8.codec injection)
+                                      (of xml.format injection)
+                                      (of utf8.format injection)
                                       ..md5)]}
 
              ... else
@@ -387,17 +387,17 @@
 
            dependee_package (has ///package.#pom
                                  [dependee_pom
-                                  (|> dependee_pom (of xml.codec injection) (of utf8.codec injection))
+                                  (|> dependee_pom (of xml.format injection) (of utf8.format injection))
                                   {///dependency/status.#Unverified}]
                                  dependee_package)
            depender_package (has ///package.#pom
                                  [depender_pom
-                                  (|> depender_pom (of xml.codec injection) (of utf8.codec injection))
+                                  (|> depender_pom (of xml.format injection) (of utf8.format injection))
                                   {///dependency/status.#Unverified}]
                                  depender_package)
            ignored_package (has ///package.#pom
                                 [ignored_pom
-                                 (|> ignored_pom (of xml.codec injection) (of utf8.codec injection))
+                                 (|> ignored_pom (of xml.format injection) (of utf8.format injection))
                                  {///dependency/status.#Unverified}]
                                 ignored_package)]]
     (in [[dependee depender ignored]
diff --git a/stdlib/source/test/aedifex/hash.lux b/stdlib/source/test/aedifex/hash.lux
index 87a4361d36..34d64acb09 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/test/aedifex/hash.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/test/aedifex/hash.lux
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
     [monad (.only do)]
     ["[0]" equivalence
      ["[1]T" \\test]]
-    ["[0]" codec
+    ["[0]" format
      ["[1]T" \\test]]]
    [control
     ["[0]" try]
@@ -72,21 +72,21 @@
                                  [/.sha1 /.as_sha1 /.not_a_sha1]
                                  [/.md5 /.as_md5 /.not_a_md5]
                                  ))))
-               (,, (with_template [<codec> <hash>]
-                     [(_.for [<codec>]
-                             (codecT.spec /.equivalence <codec> (..random <hash>)))]
+               (,, (with_template [<format> <hash>]
+                     [(_.for [<format>]
+                             (formatT.spec /.equivalence <format> (..random <hash>)))]
                      
-                     [/.sha1_codec /.sha1]
-                     [/.md5_codec /.md5]
+                     [/.sha1_format /.sha1]
+                     [/.md5_format /.md5]
                      ))
                (_.for [/.not_a_hash]
                       (all _.and
-                           (,, (with_template [<codec> <hash>]
+                           (,, (with_template [<format> <hash>]
                                  [(do random.monad
                                     [expected (..random <hash>)]
-                                    (_.coverage [<codec>]
-                                      (when (of <codec> projection
-                                                (%.message (of <codec> injection expected)
+                                    (_.coverage [<format>]
+                                      (when (of <format> projection
+                                                (%.message (of <format> injection expected)
                                                            "AABBCC"))
                                         {try.#Success actual}
                                         false
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@
                                         {try.#Failure error}
                                         (exception.is? /.not_a_hash error))))]
 
-                                 [/.sha1_codec /.sha1]
-                                 [/.md5_codec /.md5]
+                                 [/.sha1_format /.sha1]
+                                 [/.md5_format /.md5]
                                  ))))
                ))))
diff --git a/stdlib/source/test/aedifex/input.lux b/stdlib/source/test/aedifex/input.lux
index 55ea1ef864..1a026acbf9 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/test/aedifex/input.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/test/aedifex/input.lux
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@
                                             (//project.project //.default)
                                             //injection.project
                                             %.code
-                                            (of utf8.codec injection))]
+                                            (of utf8.format injection))]
                           _ (of fs write //project.file profile)
                           actual (is (Async (Try Profile))
                                      (/.read async.monad fs (list)))]
diff --git a/stdlib/source/test/aedifex/package.lux b/stdlib/source/test/aedifex/package.lux
index 9518955c9b..988fc909a9 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/test/aedifex/package.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/test/aedifex/package.lux
@@ -93,8 +93,8 @@
                             expected_md5 (//hash.md5 binary_pom)]
                         (and (same? expected_pom actual_pom)
                              (|> (do try.monad
-                                   [xml_pom (of utf8.codec projection binary_pom)
-                                    decoded_pom (of xml.codec projection xml_pom)]
+                                   [xml_pom (of utf8.format projection binary_pom)
+                                    decoded_pom (of xml.format projection xml_pom)]
                                    (in (of xml.equivalence = actual_pom decoded_pom)))
                                  (try.else false))
                              (when pom_status
diff --git a/stdlib/source/test/aedifex/repository/local.lux b/stdlib/source/test/aedifex/repository/local.lux
index 0ae62016dd..d1e535d65c 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/test/aedifex/repository/local.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/test/aedifex/repository/local.lux
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@
                repo (/.repository program fs)]
 
          uri (random.lower_cased 10)
-         expected (of ! each (of utf8.codec injection)
+         expected (of ! each (of utf8.format injection)
                       (random.lower_cased 10))]
         (all _.and
              (in (do async.monad
diff --git a/stdlib/source/test/aedifex/repository/remote.lux b/stdlib/source/test/aedifex/repository/remote.lux
index 31a06c5370..80f344959f 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/test/aedifex/repository/remote.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/test/aedifex/repository/remote.lux
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@
 
 (the (url_body url)
   (-> URL (@http.Body IO))
-  (let [url (of utf8.codec injection url)]
+  (let [url (of utf8.format injection url)]
     (function (_ _)
       (io.io {try.#Success [(binary.size url) url]}))))
 
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@
          user (random.lower_cased 10)
          password (random.lower_cased 10)
 
-         content (of ! each (of utf8.codec injection)
+         content (of ! each (of utf8.format injection)
                      (random.lower_cased 10))]
         (all _.and
              (_.coverage [/.repository /.user_agent /.Address]
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@
                                         address)]
                  (and (|> (of repo download uri)
                           io.run!
-                          (try#each (of utf8.codec projection))
+                          (try#each (of utf8.format projection))
                           try#conjoint
                           (try#each (text#= (%.message address uri)))
                           (try.else false))
diff --git a/stdlib/source/test/lux/abstract.lux b/stdlib/source/test/lux/abstract.lux
index 60ebda4f2c..50bc57ac92 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/test/lux/abstract.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/test/lux/abstract.lux
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
     ["_" property (.only Test)]]]]
  ["[0]" /
   ["[1][0]" apply]
-  ["[1][0]" codec]
+  ["[1][0]" format]
   ["[1][0]" comonad (.only)
    ["[1]/[0]" free]]
   ["[1][0]" enum]
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@
   Test
   (all _.and
        /apply.test
-       /codec.test
+       /format.test
        /enum.test
        /equivalence.test
        /hash.test
diff --git a/stdlib/source/test/lux/abstract/codec.lux b/stdlib/source/test/lux/abstract/format.lux
similarity index 84%
rename from stdlib/source/test/lux/abstract/codec.lux
rename to stdlib/source/test/lux/abstract/format.lux
index 268a5226cf..00f3c162ad 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/test/lux/abstract/codec.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/test/lux/abstract/format.lux
@@ -17,12 +17,12 @@
    [test
     ["_" property (.only Test)]]]]
  [\\library
-  ["[0]" / (.only Codec)
+  ["[0]" / (.only Format)
    [//
     [equivalence (.only Equivalence)]]]])
 
 (the json
-  (Codec JSON Bit)
+  (Format JSON Bit)
   (let [field "value"]
     (implementation
      (the injection
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
      (the projection
        (json.boolean_field field)))))
 
-(the codec
-  (Codec Text Bit)
-  (/.composite json.codec ..json))
+(the format
+  (Format Text Bit)
+  (/.composite json.format ..json))
 
 (the .public test
   Test
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@
     [expected random.bit]
     (<| (_.covering /._)
         (_.coverage [/.composite]
-          (when (|> expected (of ..codec injection) (of ..codec projection))
+          (when (|> expected (of ..format injection) (of ..format projection))
             {try.#Success actual}
             (bit#= expected actual)
             
@@ -52,11 +52,11 @@
 
 (the .public (spec (open "/#[0]") (open "/#[0]") generator)
   (for_any (_ m a)
-    (-> (Equivalence a) (/.Codec m a) (Random a)
+    (-> (Equivalence a) (/.Format m a) (Random a)
         Test))
   (do random.monad
     [expected generator]
-    (_.for [/.Codec]
+    (_.for [/.Format]
            (_.coverage [/.injection /.projection]
              (when (|> expected /#injection /#projection)
                {try.#Success actual}
diff --git a/stdlib/source/test/lux/control/projection.lux b/stdlib/source/test/lux/control/projection.lux
index c9cedcac5a..5d67c79ce2 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/test/lux/control/projection.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/test/lux/control/projection.lux
@@ -318,8 +318,8 @@
                      fails?)]
              (and happy_path!
                   sad_path!)))
-         (_.coverage [/.codec]
-           (|> (/.value (/.codec n.decimal <code>.text)
+         (_.coverage [/.format]
+           (|> (/.value (/.format n.decimal <code>.text)
                         (list (code.text (%.nat expected))))
                (match actual (n.= expected actual))))
          )))
diff --git a/stdlib/source/test/lux/data/binary.lux b/stdlib/source/test/lux/data/binary.lux
index 74b47cf1da..c8fb8756d2 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/test/lux/data/binary.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/test/lux/data/binary.lux
@@ -73,8 +73,8 @@
 (the (utf8_conversion_does_not_alter? value)
   (Predicate Text)
   (|> value
-      (of utf8.codec injection)
-      (of utf8.codec projection)
+      (of utf8.format injection)
+      (of utf8.format projection)
       (pipe.when
         {try.#Success converted}
         (text#= value converted)
@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@
   (`` (all _.and
            (,, (with_template [<projection> <injection>]
                  [(do [! random.monad]
-                    [expected (of ! each (of utf8.codec injection) (random.ascii ..segment_size))]
+                    [expected (of ! each (of utf8.format injection) (random.ascii ..segment_size))]
                     (_.coverage [<projection> <injection>]
                       (|> (\\injection.value <injection> expected)
                           (\\projection.value <projection>)
@@ -349,14 +349,14 @@
                      (\\projection.value \\projection.any)
                      (!expect {try.#Success _})))
                (do [! random.monad]
-                 [data (of ! each (of utf8.codec injection) (random.ascii ..segment_size))]
+                 [data (of ! each (of utf8.format injection) (random.ascii ..segment_size))]
                  (_.coverage [\\projection.binary_was_not_fully_read]
                    (|> data
                        (\\projection.value \\projection.any)
                        (!expect (^.multi {try.#Failure error}
                                          (exception.is? \\projection.binary_was_not_fully_read error))))))
                (do [! random.monad]
-                 [expected (of ! each (of utf8.codec injection) (random.ascii ..segment_size))]
+                 [expected (of ! each (of utf8.format injection) (random.ascii ..segment_size))]
                  (_.coverage [\\projection.segment \\injection.segment \\injection.value]
                    (|> expected
                        (\\injection.value (\\injection.segment ..segment_size))
@@ -364,7 +364,7 @@
                        (!expect (^.multi {try.#Success actual}
                                          (of /.equivalence = expected actual))))))
                (do [! random.monad]
-                 [data (of ! each (of utf8.codec injection) (random.ascii ..segment_size))]
+                 [data (of ! each (of utf8.format injection) (random.ascii ..segment_size))]
                  (_.coverage [\\projection.end?]
                    (|> data
                        (\\projection.value (do <>.monad
@@ -376,7 +376,7 @@
                        (!expect {try.#Success .true}))))
                (do [! random.monad]
                  [to_read (of ! each (n.% (++ ..segment_size)) random.nat)
-                  data (of ! each (of utf8.codec injection) (random.ascii ..segment_size))]
+                  data (of ! each (of utf8.format injection) (random.ascii ..segment_size))]
                  (_.coverage [\\projection.Offset \\projection.offset]
                    (|> data
                        (\\projection.value (do <>.monad
@@ -391,7 +391,7 @@
                        (!expect {try.#Success .true}))))
                (do [! random.monad]
                  [to_read (of ! each (n.% (++ ..segment_size)) random.nat)
-                  data (of ! each (of utf8.codec injection) (random.ascii ..segment_size))]
+                  data (of ! each (of utf8.format injection) (random.ascii ..segment_size))]
                  (_.coverage [\\projection.remaining]
                    (|> data
                        (\\projection.value (do <>.monad
diff --git a/stdlib/source/test/lux/data/bit.lux b/stdlib/source/test/lux/data/bit.lux
index 1bf07d1d89..d924e2d705 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/test/lux/data/bit.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/test/lux/data/bit.lux
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
      ["[1]T" \\test]]
     ["[0]" equivalence
      ["[1]T" \\test]]
-    ["[0]" codec
+    ["[0]" format
      ["[1]T" \\test]]
     ["[0]" monoid
      ["[1]T" \\test]]]
@@ -37,8 +37,8 @@
                     (monoidT.spec /.equivalence /.disjunction random.bit))
              (_.for [/.conjunction]
                     (monoidT.spec /.equivalence /.conjunction random.bit))
-             (_.for [/.codec]
-                    (codecT.spec /.equivalence /.codec random.bit))
+             (_.for [/.format]
+                    (formatT.spec /.equivalence /.format random.bit))
              
              (_.coverage [/.no /.yes]
                (and (of /.equivalence = false /.no)
diff --git a/stdlib/source/test/lux/data/format/json.lux b/stdlib/source/test/lux/data/format/json.lux
index b6624d9c38..de3a9ca001 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/test/lux/data/format/json.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/test/lux/data/format/json.lux
@@ -6,12 +6,12 @@
   [lux (.except Variant Record
                 #Bit #Text #Dec)
    [abstract
-    [codec (.except)]
+    [format (.except)]
     [monad (.only do)]
     ["[0]" equivalence (.only Equivalence)
      ["[0]/[1]" \\polytypic]
      ["[1]T" \\test]]
-    ["[0]" codec
+    ["[0]" format
      ["[1]T" \\test]]]
    [control
     ["<>" projection]
@@ -231,16 +231,16 @@
               (Equivalence Record)
               (\\polytypic/equivalence.equivalence Record))
 
-            (the codec
-              (Codec JSON Record)
-              (\\polytypic.codec Record))))
+            (the format
+              (Format JSON Record)
+              (\\polytypic.format Record))))
 
 (the \\polytypic
   Test
   (<| (_.covering \\polytypic._)
-      (_.for [\\polytypic.codec]
+      (_.for [\\polytypic.format]
              (for .old (_.test "PLACEHOLDER" true)
-                  (codecT.spec ..equivalence ..codec ..gen_record)))))
+                  (formatT.spec ..equivalence ..format ..gen_record)))))
 
 (the .public random
   (Random /.JSON)
@@ -320,92 +320,92 @@
                       (equivalenceT.spec /.equivalence ..random))
                (_.for [/.any]
                       (all _.and
-                           (codecT.spec any.equivalence /.any (random#in []))
-                           (codecT.spec any.equivalence (\\polytypic.codec Any) (random#in []))
+                           (formatT.spec any.equivalence /.any (random#in []))
+                           (formatT.spec any.equivalence (\\polytypic.format Any) (random#in []))
                            ))
                (_.for [/.bit]
                       (all _.and
-                           (codecT.spec bit.equivalence /.bit random.bit)
-                           (codecT.spec bit.equivalence (\\polytypic.codec Bit) random.bit)
+                           (formatT.spec bit.equivalence /.bit random.bit)
+                           (formatT.spec bit.equivalence (\\polytypic.format Bit) random.bit)
                            ))
                (_.for [/.nat]
                       (all _.and
-                           (codecT.spec nat.equivalence /.nat random.nat)
-                           (codecT.spec nat.equivalence (\\polytypic.codec Nat) random.nat)
+                           (formatT.spec nat.equivalence /.nat random.nat)
+                           (formatT.spec nat.equivalence (\\polytypic.format Nat) random.nat)
                            ))
                (_.for [/.int]
                       (all _.and
-                           (codecT.spec int.equivalence /.int random.int)
-                           (codecT.spec int.equivalence (\\polytypic.codec Int) random.int)
+                           (formatT.spec int.equivalence /.int random.int)
+                           (formatT.spec int.equivalence (\\polytypic.format Int) random.int)
                            ))
                (_.for [/.rev]
                       (all _.and
-                           (codecT.spec rev.equivalence /.rev random.rev)
-                           (codecT.spec rev.equivalence (\\polytypic.codec Rev) random.rev)
+                           (formatT.spec rev.equivalence /.rev random.rev)
+                           (formatT.spec rev.equivalence (\\polytypic.format Rev) random.rev)
                            ))
                (_.for [/.dec]
                       (all _.and
-                           (codecT.spec dec.equivalence /.dec random.dec)
-                           (codecT.spec dec.equivalence (\\polytypic.codec Dec) random.safe_dec)
+                           (formatT.spec dec.equivalence /.dec random.dec)
+                           (formatT.spec dec.equivalence (\\polytypic.format Dec) random.safe_dec)
                            ))
                (_.for [/.text]
                       (all _.and
-                           (codecT.spec text.equivalence /.text (random.unicode 2))
-                           (codecT.spec text.equivalence (\\polytypic.codec Text) (random.unicode 2))
+                           (formatT.spec text.equivalence /.text (random.unicode 2))
+                           (formatT.spec text.equivalence (\\polytypic.format Text) (random.unicode 2))
                            ))
                (_.for [/.instant]
                       (all _.and
-                           (codecT.spec instant.equivalence /.instant random.instant)
-                           (codecT.spec instant.equivalence (\\polytypic.codec instant.Instant) random.instant)
+                           (formatT.spec instant.equivalence /.instant random.instant)
+                           (formatT.spec instant.equivalence (\\polytypic.format instant.Instant) random.instant)
                            ))
                (_.for [/.duration]
                       (all _.and
-                           (codecT.spec duration.equivalence /.duration random.duration)
-                           (codecT.spec duration.equivalence (\\polytypic.codec duration.Duration) random.duration)
+                           (formatT.spec duration.equivalence /.duration random.duration)
+                           (formatT.spec duration.equivalence (\\polytypic.format duration.Duration) random.duration)
                            ))
                (_.for [/.date]
                       (all _.and
-                           (codecT.spec date.equivalence /.date random.date)
-                           (codecT.spec date.equivalence (\\polytypic.codec date.Date) random.date)
+                           (formatT.spec date.equivalence /.date random.date)
+                           (formatT.spec date.equivalence (\\polytypic.format date.Date) random.date)
                            ))
                (_.for [/.list]
                       (let [equivalence (list.equivalence nat.equivalence)
                             random (random.list 2 random.nat)]
                         (all _.and
-                             (codecT.spec equivalence (/.list /.nat) random)
-                             (codecT.spec equivalence (\\polytypic.codec (type (List Nat))) random)
+                             (formatT.spec equivalence (/.list /.nat) random)
+                             (formatT.spec equivalence (\\polytypic.format (type (List Nat))) random)
                              )))
                (_.for [/.dictionary]
                       (let [equivalence (dictionary.equivalence nat.equivalence)
                             random (random.dictionary text.hash 2 (random.unicode 2) random.nat)]
                         (all _.and
-                             (codecT.spec equivalence (/.dictionary /.nat) random)
-                             (codecT.spec equivalence (\\polytypic.codec (type (Dictionary Text Nat))) random)
+                             (formatT.spec equivalence (/.dictionary /.nat) random)
+                             (formatT.spec equivalence (\\polytypic.format (type (Dictionary Text Nat))) random)
                              )))
                (_.for [/.sum]
                       (let [equivalence (all equivalence.sum bit.equivalence text.equivalence dec.equivalence)
                             random (all random.or random.bit (random.unicode 2) random.safe_dec)]
                         (all _.and
-                             (codecT.spec equivalence (all /.sum /.bit /.text /.dec) random)
-                             (codecT.spec equivalence (\\polytypic.codec Variant) random)
+                             (formatT.spec equivalence (all /.sum /.bit /.text /.dec) random)
+                             (formatT.spec equivalence (\\polytypic.format Variant) random)
                              )))
                ... (_.for [/.product]
                ...        (let [equivalence (all equivalence.product bit.equivalence text.equivalence dec.equivalence)
                ...              random (all random.or random.bit (random.unicode 2) random.safe_dec)]
                ...          (all _.and
-               ...               (codecT.spec equivalence (all /.product /.bit /.text /.dec) random)
-               ...               (codecT.spec equivalence (\\polytypic.codec (type [Bit Text Dec])) random)
+               ...               (formatT.spec equivalence (all /.product /.bit /.text /.dec) random)
+               ...               (formatT.spec equivalence (\\polytypic.format (type [Bit Text Dec])) random)
                ...               )))
-               (_.for [/.codec]
+               (_.for [/.format]
                       (all _.and
-                           (codecT.spec /.equivalence /.codec ..random)
+                           (formatT.spec /.equivalence /.format ..random)
                            (do random.monad
                              [key (random.alphabetic 1)
                               [expected escaped] any_string]
                              (_.coverage [/.#String]
                                (|> {/.#String escaped}
-                                   (of /.codec injection)
-                                   (of /.codec projection)
+                                   (of /.format injection)
+                                   (of /.format projection)
                                    (try#each (of /.equivalence = {/.#String expected}))
                                    (try.else false))))
                            ))
@@ -423,7 +423,7 @@
                  (_.coverage [/.injection]
                    (|> expected
                        /.injection
-                       (of /.codec projection)
+                       (of /.format projection)
                        (try#each (/#= expected))
                        (try.else false))))
                (do random.monad
diff --git a/stdlib/source/test/lux/data/format/tar.lux b/stdlib/source/test/lux/data/format/tar.lux
index 8a1ee9ddc2..d0c6304767 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/test/lux/data/format/tar.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/test/lux/data/format/tar.lux
@@ -168,7 +168,7 @@
      .let [content (|> chunk
                        (list.repeated chunks)
                        text.together
-                       (of utf8.codec injection))]]
+                       (of utf8.format injection))]]
     (`` (all _.and
              (,, (with_template [<type> <tag>]
                    [(_.coverage [<type>]
diff --git a/stdlib/source/test/lux/data/format/xml.lux b/stdlib/source/test/lux/data/format/xml.lux
index f338d03510..1f57a47fc9 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/test/lux/data/format/xml.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/test/lux/data/format/xml.lux
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
     [monad (.only do)]
     ["[0]" equivalence
      ["[1]T" \\test]]
-    ["[0]" codec
+    ["[0]" format
      ["[1]T" \\test]]]
    [control
     ["<>" projection (.use "[1]#[0]" monad)]
@@ -236,8 +236,8 @@
       (all _.and
            (_.for [/.equivalence]
                   (equivalenceT.spec /.equivalence ..random))
-           (_.for [/.codec]
-                  (codecT.spec /.equivalence /.codec ..random))
+           (_.for [/.format]
+                  (formatT.spec /.equivalence /.format ..random))
 
            (do [! random.monad]
              [(^.let symbol [namespace name]) ..symbol]
diff --git a/stdlib/source/test/lux/data/text.lux b/stdlib/source/test/lux/data/text.lux
index 0669ef70af..ade6eb1da5 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/test/lux/data/text.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/test/lux/data/text.lux
@@ -109,31 +109,31 @@
        (random#in [\\injection.dec random.dec])
        ))
 
-(the codec
+(the format
   Test
   (`` (all _.and
-           (,, (with_template [<injection> <codec> <random>]
+           (,, (with_template [<injection> <format> <random>]
                  [(do random.monad
                     [sample <random>]
                     (_.coverage [<injection>]
-                      (/#= (of <codec> injection sample)
+                      (/#= (of <format> injection sample)
                            (<injection> sample))))]
 
-                 [\\injection.bit bit.codec random.bit]
+                 [\\injection.bit bit.format random.bit]
                  [\\injection.nat nat.decimal random.nat]
                  [\\injection.int int.decimal random.int]
                  [\\injection.rev rev.decimal random.rev]
                  [\\injection.dec dec.decimal random.dec]
-                 [\\injection.frac frac.codec random.frac]
+                 [\\injection.frac frac.format random.frac]
                  [\\injection.symbol symbol.absolute ($//symbol.random 5 5)]
-                 [\\injection.xml xml.codec $//xml.random]
-                 [\\injection.json json.codec $//json.random]
-                 [\\injection.day day.codec random.day]
-                 [\\injection.month month.codec random.month]
-                 [\\injection.instant instant.codec random.instant]
-                 [\\injection.duration duration.codec random.duration]
-                 [\\injection.date date.codec random.date]
-                 [\\injection.time time.codec random.time]
+                 [\\injection.xml xml.format $//xml.random]
+                 [\\injection.json json.format $//json.random]
+                 [\\injection.day day.format random.day]
+                 [\\injection.month month.format random.month]
+                 [\\injection.instant instant.format random.instant]
+                 [\\injection.duration duration.format random.duration]
+                 [\\injection.date date.format random.date]
+                 [\\injection.time time.format random.time]
                  
                  [\\injection.int_2 int.binary random.int]
                  [\\injection.int_8 int.octal random.int]
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@
                  [\\injection.dec_10 dec.decimal random.dec]
                  [\\injection.dec_16 dec.hex random.dec]
                  ))
-           (,, (with_template [<injection> <codec> <random>]
+           (,, (with_template [<injection> <format> <random>]
                  [(do [! random.monad]
                     [sample <random>
                      .let [limit (|> (of nat.interval top)
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@
                                      ++)]
                      expected_size (of ! each (nat.% limit) random.nat)]
                     (_.coverage [<injection> \\injection.padded]
-                      (/#= (of (nat.padded expected_size <codec>) injection sample)
+                      (/#= (of (nat.padded expected_size <format>) injection sample)
                            (\\injection.padded expected_size <injection> sample))))]
 
                  [\\injection.nat_2 nat.binary random.nat]
@@ -205,7 +205,7 @@
                  (_.coverage [\\injection.message]
                    (/#= (\\injection.message left mid right)
                         (.text_composite# left mid right))))
-               ..codec
+               ..format
                (,, (with_template [<injection> <alias> <random>]
                      [(do random.monad
                         [sample <random>]
@@ -248,7 +248,7 @@
                   sample (of ! each (modular.modular modulus)
                              random.int)]
                  (_.coverage [\\injection.mod]
-                   (/#= (of (modular.codec modulus) injection sample)
+                   (/#= (of (modular.format modulus) injection sample)
                         (\\injection.mod sample))))
                ))))
 
diff --git a/stdlib/source/test/lux/data/text/encoding/utf8.lux b/stdlib/source/test/lux/data/text/encoding/utf8.lux
index 039532b81f..249ea17196 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/test/lux/data/text/encoding/utf8.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/test/lux/data/text/encoding/utf8.lux
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
  [library
   [lux (.except)
    [abstract
-    ["[0]" codec
+    ["[0]" format
      ["[1]T" \\test]]]
    [data
     ["[0]" text]]
@@ -19,5 +19,5 @@
 (the .public test
   Test
   (<| (_.covering /._)
-      (_.for [/.codec]
-             (codecT.spec text.equivalence /.codec (random.unicode 5)))))
+      (_.for [/.format]
+             (formatT.spec text.equivalence /.format (random.unicode 5)))))
diff --git a/stdlib/source/test/lux/math/arithmetic/modular.lux b/stdlib/source/test/lux/math/arithmetic/modular.lux
index c96daaba5a..a8cf32ebb8 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/test/lux/math/arithmetic/modular.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/test/lux/math/arithmetic/modular.lux
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
   [lux (.except)
    [abstract
     [monad (.only do)]
-    ["[0]" codec
+    ["[0]" format
      ["[1]T" \\test]]
     ["[0]" equivalence
      ["[1]T" \\test]]
@@ -70,13 +70,13 @@
                        [/.+ /.addition]
                        [/.* /.multiplication]
                        ))
-                 (_.for [/.codec]
-                        (codecT.spec /.equivalence (/.codec subject::%) (..random subject::%)))
+                 (_.for [/.format]
+                        (formatT.spec /.equivalence (/.format subject::%) (..random subject::%)))
 
                  (_.coverage [/.incorrect_modulus]
                    (when (|> param
-                             (of (/.codec param::%) injection)
-                             (of (/.codec subject::%) projection))
+                             (of (/.format param::%) injection)
+                             (of (/.format subject::%) projection))
                      {try.#Failure error}
                      (exception.is? /.incorrect_modulus error)
                      
diff --git a/stdlib/source/test/lux/math/number.lux b/stdlib/source/test/lux/math/number.lux
index f89c379378..135590e243 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/test/lux/math/number.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/test/lux/math/number.lux
@@ -61,23 +61,23 @@
                (,, (with_template [<short> <long>]
                      [(_.coverage [<short> <long>]
                         (`` (and (,, (with_template [<=> <number>]
-                                       [(with_expansions [<codec> (template.symbol [<=>] [<long>])]
-                                          (and (with_expansions [<it> (static.literal (|>> (of <codec> injection)
+                                       [(with_expansions [<format> (template.symbol [<=>] [<long>])]
+                                          (and (with_expansions [<it> (static.literal (|>> (of <format> injection)
                                                                                            code.text)
                                                                                       <number>)]
-                                                 (when (of <codec> projection <it>)
+                                                 (when (of <format> projection <it>)
                                                    {try.#Success actual}
                                                    (and (<=> (<short> <it>) actual)
                                                         (<=> (<short> <it>) <number>))
 
                                                    {try.#Failure error}
                                                    false))
-                                               (with_expansions [<it> (static.literal (|>> (of <codec> injection)
+                                               (with_expansions [<it> (static.literal (|>> (of <format> injection)
                                                                                            ..with_commas
                                                                                            (text.suffix ",")
                                                                                            code.text)
                                                                                       <number>)]
-                                                 (when (of <codec> projection (..without_commas <it>))
+                                                 (when (of <format> projection (..without_commas <it>))
                                                    {try.#Success actual}
                                                    (and (<=> (<short> <it>) actual)
                                                         (<=> (<short> <it>) <number>))
@@ -106,22 +106,22 @@
                (_.coverage [/.base_16]
                  (same? /.hex /.base_16))
                (_.coverage [/.dec /.decimal]
-                 (and (,, (with_template [<codec>]
-                            [(and (with_expansions [<it> (static.literal (|>> (of <codec> injection)
+                 (and (,, (with_template [<format>]
+                            [(and (with_expansions [<it> (static.literal (|>> (of <format> injection)
                                                                               code.text)
                                                                          <safe_dec>)]
-                                    (when (of <codec> projection <it>)
+                                    (when (of <format> projection <it>)
                                       {try.#Success actual}
                                       (and (d.approximately? +0.0000000000001 (/.dec <it>) actual)
                                            (d.approximately? +0.0000000000001 (/.dec <it>) <safe_dec>))
 
                                       {try.#Failure error}
                                       false))
-                                  (with_expansions [<it> (static.literal (|>> (of <codec> injection)
+                                  (with_expansions [<it> (static.literal (|>> (of <format> injection)
                                                                               ..with_commas
                                                                               code.text)
                                                                          <safe_dec>)]
-                                    (when (of <codec> projection (..without_commas <it>))
+                                    (when (of <format> projection (..without_commas <it>))
                                       {try.#Success actual}
                                       (and (d.approximately? +0.0000000000001 (/.dec <it>) actual)
                                            (d.approximately? +0.0000000000001 (/.dec <it>) <safe_dec>))
diff --git a/stdlib/source/test/lux/math/number/dec.lux b/stdlib/source/test/lux/math/number/dec.lux
index f7d750431c..d429bb0e17 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/test/lux/math/number/dec.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/test/lux/math/number/dec.lux
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
     [monad (.only do)]
     ["[0]" hash
      ["[1]T" \\test]]
-    ["[0]" codec
+    ["[0]" format
      ["[1]T" \\test]]
     ["[0]" equivalence
      ["[1]T" \\test]]
@@ -122,15 +122,15 @@
                  [/.min /.minimum]
                  [/.max /.maximum]
                  ))
-           (,, (with_template [<codec>]
-                 [(_.for [<codec>]
-                         (codecT.spec /.equivalence <codec> random.safe_dec))]
+           (,, (with_template [<format>]
+                 [(_.for [<format>]
+                         (formatT.spec /.equivalence <format> random.safe_dec))]
 
                  [/.binary] [/.octal] [/.decimal] [/.hex]
                  ))
-           (,, (with_template [<codec>]
-                 [(_.for [<codec>]
-                         (codecT.spec (/.approximately? +0.0000000000001) <codec> random.safe_dec))]
+           (,, (with_template [<format>]
+                 [(_.for [<format>]
+                         (formatT.spec (/.approximately? +0.0000000000001) <format> random.safe_dec))]
 
                  [/.degree] [/.percentage] [/.permille] [/.permyriad]
                  ))
diff --git a/stdlib/source/test/lux/math/number/frac.lux b/stdlib/source/test/lux/math/number/frac.lux
index 42c45a20da..291f4aac1b 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/test/lux/math/number/frac.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/test/lux/math/number/frac.lux
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
   [lux (.except)
    [abstract
     [monad (.only do)]
-    ["[0]" codec
+    ["[0]" format
      ["[1]T" \\test]]
     ["[0]" equivalence
      ["[1]T" \\test]]
@@ -74,8 +74,8 @@
                      [/.+ /.addition]
                      [/.* /.multiplication]
                      ))
-               (_.for [/.codec]
-                      (codecT.spec /.equivalence /.codec ..random))
+               (_.for [/.format]
+                      (formatT.spec /.equivalence /.format ..random))
                (_.for [/.arithmetic]
                       (arithmeticT.spec /.equivalence /.arithmetic ..random))
 
diff --git a/stdlib/source/test/lux/math/number/int.lux b/stdlib/source/test/lux/math/number/int.lux
index e097eb470c..e425cb4501 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/test/lux/math/number/int.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/test/lux/math/number/int.lux
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
      ["[1]T" \\test]]
     ["[0]" interval
      ["[1]T" \\test]]
-    ["[0]" codec
+    ["[0]" format
      ["[1]T" \\test]]
     ["[0]" equivalence
      ["[1]T" \\test]]
@@ -58,9 +58,9 @@
                  [/.minimum]
                  [/.maximum]
                  ))
-           (,, (with_template [<codec>]
-                 [(_.for [<codec>]
-                         (codecT.spec /.equivalence <codec> random.int))]
+           (,, (with_template [<format>]
+                 [(_.for [<format>]
+                         (formatT.spec /.equivalence <format> random.int))]
 
                  [/.binary] [/.octal] [/.decimal] [/.hex]
                  ))
diff --git a/stdlib/source/test/lux/math/number/nat.lux b/stdlib/source/test/lux/math/number/nat.lux
index 4bcb1a543e..a42a94e800 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/test/lux/math/number/nat.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/test/lux/math/number/nat.lux
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
      ["[1]T" \\test]]
     ["[0]" interval
      ["[1]T" \\test]]
-    ["[0]" codec
+    ["[0]" format
      ["[1]T" \\test]]
     ["[0]" equivalence
      ["[1]T" \\test]]
@@ -57,17 +57,17 @@
                  [/.min /.minimum]
                  [/.max /.maximum]
                  ))
-           (,, (with_template [<codec>]
+           (,, (with_template [<format>]
                  [(do [! random.monad]
                     [.let [limit (|> (of /.interval top)
-                                     (of <codec> injection)
+                                     (of <format> injection)
                                      text.size
                                      ++)]
                      expected_size (of ! each (/.% limit) random.nat)]
-                    (_.for [<codec> /.padded]
+                    (_.for [<format> /.padded]
                            (all _.and
-                                (codecT.spec /.equivalence <codec> random.nat)
-                                (codecT.spec /.equivalence (/.padded expected_size <codec>) random.nat)
+                                (formatT.spec /.equivalence <format> random.nat)
+                                (formatT.spec /.equivalence (/.padded expected_size <format>) random.nat)
                                 )))]
 
                  [/.binary] [/.octal] [/.decimal] [/.hex]
diff --git a/stdlib/source/test/lux/math/number/rat.lux b/stdlib/source/test/lux/math/number/rat.lux
index c69f12ab59..e9d1bb1def 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/test/lux/math/number/rat.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/test/lux/math/number/rat.lux
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
   [lux (.except)
    [abstract
     [monad (.only do)]
-    ["[0]" codec
+    ["[0]" format
      ["[1]T" \\test]]
     ["[0]" equivalence
      ["[1]T" \\test]]
@@ -71,8 +71,8 @@
                      [/.+ /.addition]
                      [/.* /.multiplication]
                      ))
-               (_.for [/.codec]
-                      (codecT.spec /.equivalence /.codec ..random))
+               (_.for [/.format]
+                      (formatT.spec /.equivalence /.format ..random))
                (_.for [/.arithmetic]
                       (arithmeticT.spec /.equivalence /.arithmetic ..random))
 
diff --git a/stdlib/source/test/lux/math/number/rev.lux b/stdlib/source/test/lux/math/number/rev.lux
index d6f22838ce..25be6a00d2 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/test/lux/math/number/rev.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/test/lux/math/number/rev.lux
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
      ["[1]T" \\test]]
     ["[0]" interval
      ["[1]T" \\test]]
-    ["[0]" codec
+    ["[0]" format
      ["[1]T" \\test]]
     ["[0]" equivalence
      ["[1]T" \\test]]
@@ -55,9 +55,9 @@
                  [/.min /.minimum]
                  [/.max /.maximum]
                  ))
-           (,, (with_template [<codec>]
-                 [(_.for [<codec>]
-                         (codecT.spec /.equivalence <codec> random.rev))]
+           (,, (with_template [<format>]
+                 [(_.for [<format>]
+                         (formatT.spec /.equivalence <format> random.rev))]
 
                  [/.binary] [/.octal] [/.decimal] [/.hex]
                  ))
diff --git a/stdlib/source/test/lux/meta/compiler/meta/export.lux b/stdlib/source/test/lux/meta/compiler/meta/export.lux
index 0a3da067ef..b78b03de5c 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/test/lux/meta/compiler/meta/export.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/test/lux/meta/compiler/meta/export.lux
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@
          .let [file/1 (%.message source/1 / file/1')]
          
          .let [random_content (is (Random Binary)
-                                  (of ! each (|>> %.nat (of utf8.codec injection)) random.nat))]
+                                  (of ! each (|>> %.nat (of utf8.format injection)) random.nat))]
          content/0 random_content
          content/1 random_content]
         (all _.and
diff --git a/stdlib/source/test/lux/meta/compiler/meta/import.lux b/stdlib/source/test/lux/meta/compiler/meta/import.lux
index 0d262bf922..b138c9a422 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/test/lux/meta/compiler/meta/import.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/test/lux/meta/compiler/meta/import.lux
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@
          file/1 (of ! each (|>> (%.message dir/0 /)) random_file)
          
          .let [random_content (is (Random Binary)
-                                  (of ! each (|>> %.nat (of utf8.codec injection)) random.nat))]
+                                  (of ! each (|>> %.nat (of utf8.format injection)) random.nat))]
          now random.instant
          content/0 random_content
          content/1 random_content
diff --git a/stdlib/source/test/lux/meta/symbol.lux b/stdlib/source/test/lux/meta/symbol.lux
index aadc58e344..6f73f73d99 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/test/lux/meta/symbol.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/test/lux/meta/symbol.lux
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
     [monad (.only do)]
     ["[0]" hash
      ["[1]T" \\test]]
-    ["[0]" codec
+    ["[0]" format
      ["[1]T" \\test]]
     ["[0]" equivalence
      ["[1]T" \\test]]
@@ -83,9 +83,9 @@
                     (_.for [/.order]
                            (orderT.spec /.order (..random sizeM1 sizeS1)))
                     (_.for [/.absolute]
-                           (codecT.spec /.equivalence /.absolute (..relative module1 sizeS1)))
+                           (formatT.spec /.equivalence /.absolute (..relative module1 sizeS1)))
                     (_.for [/.relative]
-                           (codecT.spec /.equivalence (/.relative module1) (..relative module1 sizeS1)))
+                           (formatT.spec /.equivalence (/.relative module1) (..relative module1 sizeS1)))
 
                     (_.coverage [/.separator]
                       (let [it (of /.absolute injection symbol1)]
diff --git a/stdlib/source/test/lux/world/file.lux b/stdlib/source/test/lux/world/file.lux
index bfeb3f1c19..1fe7db0e21 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/test/lux/world/file.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/test/lux/world/file.lux
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
      ["$[1]" \\test]]
     ["[0]" text (.use "[1]#[0]" equivalence)
      [encoding
-      ["[0]" utf8 (.use "[1]#[0]" codec)]]]
+      ["[0]" utf8 (.use "[1]#[0]" format)]]]
     [collection
      ["[0]" dictionary (.only Dictionary)]
      ["[0]" list]]]
diff --git a/stdlib/source/test/lux/world/net/http/client.lux b/stdlib/source/test/lux/world/net/http/client.lux
index 6c834ddc97..6f48082cd8 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/test/lux/world/net/http/client.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/test/lux/world/net/http/client.lux
@@ -5,7 +5,8 @@
  [library
   [lux (.except)
    [abstract
-    [monad (.only Monad do)]]
+    [monad (.only Monad
+                  do)]]
    [control
     ["[0]" pipe]
     ["[0]" io (.only IO)]
@@ -49,7 +50,7 @@
           (function.on {.#None})
           (of ! each (|>> (pipe.do try.monad
                             []
-                            [product.right (of utf8.codec projection)]
+                            [product.right (of utf8.format projection)]
                             [(of nat.decimal projection)]
                             [(nat.= expected) in])
                           (try.else false))))
@@ -88,7 +89,7 @@
                                                 {//.#Trace} on_trace)
                                         data (|> value
                                                  (of nat.decimal injection)
-                                                 (of utf8.codec injection))]
+                                                 (of utf8.format injection))]
                                     {try.#Success [//status.ok
                                                    [//.#headers headers
                                                     //.#body (function (_ ?wanted_bytes)
diff --git a/stdlib/source/test/lux/world/net/http/request.lux b/stdlib/source/test/lux/world/net/http/request.lux
index 261396f4a3..93c7b3ab94 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/test/lux/world/net/http/request.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/test/lux/world/net/http/request.lux
@@ -14,9 +14,9 @@
     ["[0]" binary (.use "[1]#[0]" equivalence)]
     [text
      [encoding
-      ["[0]" utf8 (.use "[1]#[0]" codec)]]]
+      ["[0]" utf8 (.use "[1]#[0]" format)]]]
     [format
-     ["[0]" json (.use "[1]#[0]" codec)
+     ["[0]" json (.use "[1]#[0]" format)
       ["[1]T" \\test]]]]
    [math
     ["[0]" random (.only Random)]
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@
      ["[0]" mime (.use "[1]#[0]" equivalence)]
      [uri
       ["[0]" scheme (.use "[1]#[0]" equivalence)]
-      ["[0]" query (.use "[1]#[0]" codec)
+      ["[0]" query (.use "[1]#[0]" format)
        ["[1]T" \\test]]]]]]])
 
 (the .public test
diff --git a/stdlib/source/test/lux/world/net/http/response.lux b/stdlib/source/test/lux/world/net/http/response.lux
index 8e069d3001..6c3813ffe5 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/test/lux/world/net/http/response.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/test/lux/world/net/http/response.lux
@@ -18,9 +18,9 @@
       ["[1]T" \\test]]]
     ["[0]" text (.use "[1]#[0]" equivalence)
      [encoding
-      ["[0]" utf8 (.use "[1]#[0]" codec)]]]
+      ["[0]" utf8 (.use "[1]#[0]" format)]]]
     [format
-     ["[0]" json (.use "[1]#[0]" codec)
+     ["[0]" json (.use "[1]#[0]" format)
       ["[1]T" \\test]]]]
    [math
     ["[0]" random (.only Random)]
diff --git a/stdlib/source/test/lux/world/net/http/server.lux b/stdlib/source/test/lux/world/net/http/server.lux
index 3dec84d99d..eb0a98b64a 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/test/lux/world/net/http/server.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/test/lux/world/net/http/server.lux
@@ -15,13 +15,13 @@
     ["[0]" text (.use "[1]#[0]" equivalence)
      ["%" \\injection]
      [encoding
-      ["[0]" utf8 (.use "[1]#[0]" codec)]]]
+      ["[0]" utf8 (.use "[1]#[0]" format)]]]
     ["[0]" binary (.only Binary) (.use "[1]#[0]" equivalence)
      ["[1]T" \\test]]
     [collection
      ["[0]" dictionary]]
     [format
-     ["[0]" json (.use "[1]#[0]" equivalence codec)
+     ["[0]" json (.use "[1]#[0]" equivalence format)
       ["?[1]" \\projection]
       ["[1]T" \\test]]]]
    [math
diff --git a/stdlib/source/test/lux/world/net/uri.lux b/stdlib/source/test/lux/world/net/uri.lux
index e486dc54ae..89af84f5cc 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/test/lux/world/net/uri.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/test/lux/world/net/uri.lux
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
  [\\library
   ["[0]" / (.only)
    ["[0]" scheme]
-   ["[0]" query (.use "[1]#[0]" codec)]]]
+   ["[0]" query (.use "[1]#[0]" format)]]]
  ["[0]" /
   ["[1][0]" encoding]
   ["[1][0]" scheme]
diff --git a/stdlib/source/test/lux/world/net/uri/query.lux b/stdlib/source/test/lux/world/net/uri/query.lux
index 24756074c5..7b45cbd482 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/test/lux/world/net/uri/query.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/test/lux/world/net/uri/query.lux
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
     [monad (.only do)]
     ["[0]" equivalence
      ["[1]T" \\test]]
-    ["[0]" codec
+    ["[0]" format
      ["[1]T" \\test]]]
    [data
     [collection
@@ -39,8 +39,8 @@
       (all _.and
            (_.for [/.equivalence]
                   (equivalenceT.spec /.equivalence (..random 2)))
-           (_.for [/.codec]
-                  (codecT.spec /.equivalence /.codec (..random 3)))
+           (_.for [/.format]
+                  (formatT.spec /.equivalence /.format (..random 3)))
 
            (_.coverage [/.empty]
              (dictionary.empty? /.empty))
diff --git a/stdlib/source/test/lux/world/time.lux b/stdlib/source/test/lux/world/time.lux
index bfc3deb0c5..843fbc0814 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/test/lux/world/time.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/test/lux/world/time.lux
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
     [monad (.only do)]
     ["[0]" enum
      ["[1]T" \\test]]
-    ["[0]" codec
+    ["[0]" format
      ["[1]T" \\test]]
     ["[0]" equivalence
      ["[1]T" \\test]]
@@ -50,8 +50,8 @@
               (orderT.spec /.order random.time))
        (_.for [/.enum]
               (enumT.spec /.enum random.time))
-       (_.for [/.codec]
-              (codecT.spec /.equivalence /.codec random.time))))
+       (_.for [/.format]
+              (formatT.spec /.equivalence /.format random.time))))
 
 (the for_clock
   Test
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@
                                 %.nat
                                 (text.prefix <prefix>)
                                 (text.suffix <suffix>)
-                                (of /.codec projection)
+                                (of /.format projection)
                                 (pipe.when
                                   {try.#Success _} true
                                   {try.#Failure error} false))
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@
                                 %.nat
                                 (text.prefix <prefix>)
                                 (text.suffix <suffix>)
-                                (of /.codec projection)
+                                (of /.format projection)
                                 (pipe.when
                                   {try.#Success _}
                                   false
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@
                (|> valid_milli_second
                    %.nat
                    (%.message "00:00:00.")
-                   (of /.codec projection)
+                   (of /.format projection)
                    (pipe.when
                      {try.#Success _} true
                      {try.#Failure error} false)))
@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@
                        (n.= 0)))
                  (_.coverage [/.projection]
                    (|> expected
-                       (of /.codec injection)
+                       (of /.format injection)
                        (<text>.value /.projection)
                        (try#each (of /.equivalence = expected))
                        (try.else false)))
diff --git a/stdlib/source/test/lux/world/time/date.lux b/stdlib/source/test/lux/world/time/date.lux
index ce8377bd4e..545205618c 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/test/lux/world/time/date.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/test/lux/world/time/date.lux
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
     [monad (.only do)]
     ["[0]" enum
      ["[1]T" \\test]]
-    ["[0]" codec
+    ["[0]" format
      ["[1]T" \\test]]
     ["[0]" equivalence
      ["[1]T" \\test]]
@@ -42,8 +42,8 @@
                   (orderT.spec /.order random.date))
            (_.for [/.enum]
                   (enumT.spec /.enum random.date))
-           (_.for [/.codec]
-                  (codecT.spec /.equivalence /.codec random.date))
+           (_.for [/.format]
+                  (formatT.spec /.equivalence /.format random.date))
 
            (do random.monad
              [expected random.date]
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@
            (do random.monad
              [expected random.date]
              (_.coverage [/.projection]
-               (|> (of /.codec injection expected)
+               (|> (of /.format injection expected)
                    (<text>.value /.projection)
                    (try#each (of /.equivalence = expected))
                    (try.else false))))
diff --git a/stdlib/source/test/lux/world/time/day.lux b/stdlib/source/test/lux/world/time/day.lux
index eeb6e3068d..901c53af66 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/test/lux/world/time/day.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/test/lux/world/time/day.lux
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
      ["[1]T" \\test]]
     ["[0]" enum
      ["[1]T" \\test]]
-    ["[0]" codec
+    ["[0]" format
      ["[1]T" \\test]]
     ["[0]" equivalence
      ["[1]T" \\test]]
@@ -62,8 +62,8 @@
                       (orderT.spec /.order ..random))
                (_.for [/.enum]
                       (enumT.spec /.enum ..random))
-               (_.for [/.codec]
-                      (codecT.spec /.equivalence /.codec ..random))
+               (_.for [/.format]
+                      (formatT.spec /.equivalence /.format ..random))
 
                (,, (with_template [<before> <current> <after>]
                      [(_.coverage [<current>]
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@
                (do random.monad
                  [not_a_day (random.upper_cased 1)]
                  (_.coverage [/.not_a_day_of_the_week]
-                   (when (of /.codec projection not_a_day)
+                   (when (of /.format projection not_a_day)
                      {try.#Failure error}
                      (exception.is? /.not_a_day_of_the_week error)
                      
diff --git a/stdlib/source/test/lux/world/time/duration.lux b/stdlib/source/test/lux/world/time/duration.lux
index eaacc91d75..25caabf81c 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/test/lux/world/time/duration.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/test/lux/world/time/duration.lux
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
     [monad (.only do)]
     ["[0]" enum
      ["[1]T" \\test]]
-    ["[0]" codec
+    ["[0]" format
      ["[1]T" \\test]]
     ["[0]" equivalence
      ["[1]T" \\test]]
@@ -41,8 +41,8 @@
                   (enumT.spec /.enum random.duration))
            (_.for [/.monoid]
                   (monoidT.spec /.equivalence /.monoid random.duration))
-           (_.for [/.codec]
-                  (codecT.spec /.equivalence /.codec random.duration))
+           (_.for [/.format]
+                  (formatT.spec /.equivalence /.format random.duration))
 
            (do random.monad
              [duration random.duration]
diff --git a/stdlib/source/test/lux/world/time/instant.lux b/stdlib/source/test/lux/world/time/instant.lux
index efc32cce13..8929259695 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/test/lux/world/time/instant.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/test/lux/world/time/instant.lux
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
      ["[1]T" \\test]]
     ["[0]" enum
      ["[1]T" \\test]]
-    ["[0]" codec
+    ["[0]" format
      ["[1]T" \\test]]
     ["[0]" equivalence
      ["[1]T" \\test]]
@@ -48,8 +48,8 @@
                   (orderT.spec /.order random.instant))
            (_.for [/.enum]
                   (enumT.spec /.enum random.instant))
-           (_.for [/.codec]
-                  (codecT.spec /.equivalence /.codec random.instant))
+           (_.for [/.format]
+                  (formatT.spec /.equivalence /.format random.instant))
 
            (do random.monad
              [.let [(open "/#[0]") /.equivalence]
diff --git a/stdlib/source/test/lux/world/time/month.lux b/stdlib/source/test/lux/world/time/month.lux
index 7d03379c5d..70ca4db9bd 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/test/lux/world/time/month.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/test/lux/world/time/month.lux
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
      ["[1]T" \\test]]
     ["[0]" enum
      ["[1]T" \\test]]
-    ["[0]" codec
+    ["[0]" format
      ["[1]T" \\test]]
     ["[0]" equivalence
      ["[1]T" \\test]]
@@ -56,8 +56,8 @@
                       (orderT.spec /.order ..random))
                (_.for [/.enum]
                       (enumT.spec /.enum ..random))
-               (_.for [/.codec]
-                      (codecT.spec /.equivalence /.codec ..random))
+               (_.for [/.format]
+                      (formatT.spec /.equivalence /.format ..random))
 
                (,, (with_template [<before> <current> <after>]
                      [(_.coverage [<current>]
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@
                       (do random.monad
                         [not_a_month (random.upper_cased 1)]
                         (_.coverage [/.not_a_month_of_the_year]
-                          (when (of /.codec projection not_a_month)
+                          (when (of /.format projection not_a_month)
                             {try.#Failure error}
                             (exception.is? /.not_a_month_of_the_year error)
                             
diff --git a/stdlib/source/test/lux/world/time/year.lux b/stdlib/source/test/lux/world/time/year.lux
index 9e083a24b7..5e99d3f702 100644
--- a/stdlib/source/test/lux/world/time/year.lux
+++ b/stdlib/source/test/lux/world/time/year.lux
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
   [lux (.except)
    [abstract
     [monad (.only do)]
-    ["[0]" codec
+    ["[0]" format
      ["[1]T" \\test]]
     ["[0]" equivalence
      ["[1]T" \\test]]
@@ -44,8 +44,8 @@
                   (equivalenceT.spec /.equivalence ..random))
            (_.for [/.order]
                   (orderT.spec /.order ..random))
-           (_.for [/.codec /.projection]
-                  (codecT.spec /.equivalence /.codec ..random))
+           (_.for [/.format /.projection]
+                  (formatT.spec /.equivalence /.format ..random))
            
            (do random.monad
              [expected random.int]
diff --git a/to_do.md b/to_do.md
index aa1629e4fb..1f28b51152 100644
--- a/to_do.md
+++ b/to_do.md
@@ -31,15 +31,16 @@
    * `a/b * b/c = a/c` && `a/b * c/a = c/b` && `a/b * c/d = ac/bd`.
    * The above rule can make `a/0 * 0/b = a/b` and `0/a * b/0 = b/a`, bypassing any possibility for `0/0`.
    * It may also make the de-normalized zeroes and infinities carry useful information, instead of losing it through normalization.
-0. Re-name `Codec` to `Embedding`. Alternatively, re-name to `Format`.
-   * [Embedding](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embedding)
-   * [Format](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Content_format)
 0. Make type-normalization no longer confuse local type parameters with globally-defined types/macros. Remove instances of `(.except left right)`.
 0. Unify the handling of globals between extensions, analysis & declaration.
+0. Favor partial calls over successive calls when compiling function application.
 
 ## Done
 
-0. Get rid of `library/lux/world/db`.
+0. Re-name `Codec` to `Embedding`. Alternatively, re-name to `Format`.
+   * [Embedding](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embedding)
+   * [Format](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Content_format)
+0. [(Commit)](https://github.com/LuxLang/lux/commit/b32652a350e543d9343d8b6c859773937474ae7b) Get rid of `library/lux/world/db`.
 0. [(Commit)](https://github.com/LuxLang/lux/commit/ddbbca49f87ab84d8ee8cf8568d38c27542a6e67) Replace uses of `All` with `for_all` or `for_any`. Do the same for `Ex`.
 0. [(Commit)](https://github.com/LuxLang/lux/commit/ddbbca49f87ab84d8ee8cf8568d38c27542a6e67) Get rid of `licentia`.
 0. [(Commit)](https://github.com/LuxLang/lux/commit/31dacc61d04fad87f0e0c6e67220f4fc83dee9cb) Add extensions for pattern-matching and function definition, instead of having custom syntax for both.