Most startup costs are taken from Lew et al 2013 - Western Wind and Solar Integration Study Phase 2 (NREL/TP-5500-55588). The original data, reported in $2011/MW in Table 7, are:
- Coal: 124
- Gas-CC: 81
- Gas-CT: 67
- Steam: 86
- Nuclear: 155 RPM uses 466 $2011/MW for nuclear, but we don't have a citable source for that number. CCS startup costs are assumed to be the startup cost for the non-CCS version multiplied by the ratio of 2035 VOM costs between gas-cc-ccs and gas-cc in ATB 2023.