From 41aa6104f37cac205c3230565704be3ba07b552a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Even Rouault <even.rouault@spatialys.com>
Date: Mon, 19 Feb 2024 18:38:43 +0100
Subject: [PATCH] JP2KAK: do not export GMLJP2 if the SRS isn't compatible
 (fixes #9223)

---
 autotest/gdrivers/jp2kak.py    | 59 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
 frmts/jp2kak/jp2kakdataset.cpp | 46 +++++++++++++++++++-------
 2 files changed, 93 insertions(+), 12 deletions(-)

diff --git a/autotest/gdrivers/jp2kak.py b/autotest/gdrivers/jp2kak.py
index 209032e4e7c6..9ed83d164f6f 100755
--- a/autotest/gdrivers/jp2kak.py
+++ b/autotest/gdrivers/jp2kak.py
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@
 import gdaltest
 import pytest
 
-from osgeo import gdal
+from osgeo import gdal, osr
 
 pytestmark = pytest.mark.require_driver("JP2KAK")
 
@@ -953,3 +953,60 @@ def find_xml_node(ar, element_name, only_attributes=False):
         if found is not None:
             return found
     return None
+
+
+###############################################################################
+# Test unsupported XML SRS
+
+
+def test_jp2kak_unsupported_srs_for_gmljp2(tmp_vsimem):
+
+    filename = str(tmp_vsimem / "out.jp2")
+    # No EPSG code and Albers Equal Area not supported by OGRSpatialReference::exportToXML()
+    wkt = """PROJCRS["Africa_Albers_Equal_Area_Conic",
+    BASEGEOGCRS["WGS 84",
+        DATUM["World Geodetic System 1984",
+            ELLIPSOID["WGS 84",6378137,298.257223563,
+                LENGTHUNIT["metre",1]]],
+        PRIMEM["Greenwich",0,
+            ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]],
+        ID["EPSG",4326]],
+    CONVERSION["Albers Equal Area",
+        METHOD["Albers Equal Area",
+            ID["EPSG",9822]],
+        PARAMETER["Latitude of false origin",0,
+            ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433],
+            ID["EPSG",8821]],
+        PARAMETER["Longitude of false origin",25,
+            ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433],
+            ID["EPSG",8822]],
+        PARAMETER["Latitude of 1st standard parallel",20,
+            ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433],
+            ID["EPSG",8823]],
+        PARAMETER["Latitude of 2nd standard parallel",-23,
+            ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433],
+            ID["EPSG",8824]],
+        PARAMETER["Easting at false origin",0,
+            LENGTHUNIT["metre",1],
+            ID["EPSG",8826]],
+        PARAMETER["Northing at false origin",0,
+            LENGTHUNIT["metre",1],
+            ID["EPSG",8827]]],
+    CS[Cartesian,2],
+        AXIS["easting",east,
+            ORDER[1],
+            LENGTHUNIT["metre",1,
+                ID["EPSG",9001]]],
+        AXIS["northing",north,
+            ORDER[2],
+            LENGTHUNIT["metre",1,
+                ID["EPSG",9001]]]]"""
+    gdal.ErrorReset()
+    assert gdal.Translate(filename, "data/byte.tif", outputSRS=wkt, format="JP2KAK")
+    assert gdal.GetLastErrorMsg() == ""
+    ds = gdal.Open(filename)
+    ref_srs = osr.SpatialReference()
+    ref_srs.ImportFromWkt(wkt)
+    assert ds.GetSpatialRef().IsSame(ref_srs)
+    # Check that we do *not* have a GMLJP2 box
+    assert "xml:gml.root-instance" not in ds.GetMetadataDomainList()
diff --git a/frmts/jp2kak/jp2kakdataset.cpp b/frmts/jp2kak/jp2kakdataset.cpp
index 287fea1931b1..b54d8cc7c45b 100644
--- a/frmts/jp2kak/jp2kakdataset.cpp
+++ b/frmts/jp2kak/jp2kakdataset.cpp
@@ -2701,7 +2701,7 @@ static GDALDataset *JP2KAKCreateCopy(const char *pszFilename,
         {
             const char *pszGMLJP2V2Def =
                 CSLFetchNameValue(papszOptions, "GMLJP2V2_DEF");
-            GDALJP2Box *poBox;
+            GDALJP2Box *poBox = nullptr;
             if (pszGMLJP2V2Def != nullptr)
             {
                 poBox = oJP2MD.CreateGMLJP2V2(nXSize, nYSize, pszGMLJP2V2Def,
@@ -2709,18 +2709,42 @@ static GDALDataset *JP2KAKCreateCopy(const char *pszFilename,
             }
             else
             {
-                poBox = oJP2MD.CreateGMLJP2(nXSize, nYSize);
+                const OGRSpatialReference *poSRS =
+                    poSrcDS->GetGCPCount() > 0 ? poSrcDS->GetGCPSpatialRef()
+                                               : poSrcDS->GetSpatialRef();
+                if (poSRS == nullptr || poSRS->IsEmpty() ||
+                    GDALJP2Metadata::IsSRSCompatible(poSRS))
+                {
+                    poBox = oJP2MD.CreateGMLJP2(nXSize, nYSize);
+                }
+                else if (CSLFetchNameValue(papszOptions, "GMLJP2"))
+                {
+                    CPLError(CE_Warning, CPLE_AppDefined,
+                             "GMLJP2 box was explicitly required but cannot be "
+                             "written due "
+                             "to lack of georeferencing and/or unsupported "
+                             "georeferencing "
+                             "for GMLJP2");
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    CPLDebug("JP2KAK",
+                             "Cannot write GMLJP2 box due to unsupported SRS");
+                }
             }
-            try
+            if (poBox)
             {
-                JP2KAKWriteBox(&family, poBox);
-            }
-            catch (...)
-            {
-                CPLDebug("JP2KAK", "JP2KAKWriteBox) - caught exception.");
-                oCodeStream.destroy();
-                delete poBox;
-                return nullptr;
+                try
+                {
+                    JP2KAKWriteBox(&family, poBox);
+                }
+                catch (...)
+                {
+                    CPLDebug("JP2KAK", "JP2KAKWriteBox) - caught exception.");
+                    oCodeStream.destroy();
+                    delete poBox;
+                    return nullptr;
+                }
             }
         }
         if (CPLFetchBool(papszOptions, "GeoJP2", true))