diff --git a/app/src/main/java/com/ownd_project/tw2023_wallet_android/oid/Presentation.kt b/app/src/main/java/com/ownd_project/tw2023_wallet_android/oid/Presentation.kt
index 1aa6eeb..08f862d 100644
--- a/app/src/main/java/com/ownd_project/tw2023_wallet_android/oid/Presentation.kt
+++ b/app/src/main/java/com/ownd_project/tw2023_wallet_android/oid/Presentation.kt
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ object JwtVpJsonPresentation {
             "verifiableCredential" to listOf(vcJwt)
         )
 
-        val currentTimeSeconds = System.currentTimeMillis() / 1000
+        val currentTimeSeconds = (System.currentTimeMillis() / 1000) - 5 // Prevention of time synchronization deviation
         return VpJwtPayload(
             iss = payloadOptions.iss,
             jti = payloadOptions.jti,