diff --git a/app/src/main/java/io/nekohasekai/sfa/bg/PlatformInterfaceWrapper.kt b/app/src/main/java/io/nekohasekai/sfa/bg/PlatformInterfaceWrapper.kt
index 850b202..c417ace 100644
--- a/app/src/main/java/io/nekohasekai/sfa/bg/PlatformInterfaceWrapper.kt
+++ b/app/src/main/java/io/nekohasekai/sfa/bg/PlatformInterfaceWrapper.kt
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ package io.nekohasekai.sfa.bg
 
 import android.annotation.SuppressLint
 import android.content.pm.PackageManager
-import android.net.Network
 import android.net.NetworkCapabilities
 import android.os.Build
 import android.os.Process
@@ -13,8 +12,6 @@ import io.nekohasekai.libbox.InterfaceUpdateListener
 import io.nekohasekai.libbox.Libbox
 import io.nekohasekai.libbox.NetworkInterfaceIterator
 import io.nekohasekai.libbox.PlatformInterface
-import io.nekohasekai.libbox.RawNetwork
-import io.nekohasekai.libbox.RawNetworkIterator
 import io.nekohasekai.libbox.StringIterator
 import io.nekohasekai.libbox.TunOptions
 import io.nekohasekai.libbox.WIFIState
@@ -147,15 +144,11 @@ interface PlatformInterfaceWrapper : PlatformInterface {
             boxInterface.flags = dumpFlags
             boxInterface.metered =
                 !networkCapabilities.hasCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED)
-            boxInterface.rawNetwork = NetworkWrapper(network)
             interfaces.add(boxInterface)
         }
         return InterfaceArray(interfaces.iterator())
     }
 
-    override fun setUnderlyingNetworks(networks: RawNetworkIterator) {
-    }
-
     override fun underNetworkExtension(): Boolean {
         return false
     }
@@ -209,8 +202,6 @@ interface PlatformInterfaceWrapper : PlatformInterface {
         }
     }
 
-    data class NetworkWrapper(val network: Network) : RawNetwork
-
     private fun InterfaceAddress.toPrefix(): String {
         return if (address is Inet6Address) {
             "${Inet6Address.getByAddress(address.address).hostAddress}/${networkPrefixLength}"
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/io/nekohasekai/sfa/bg/VPNService.kt b/app/src/main/java/io/nekohasekai/sfa/bg/VPNService.kt
index 0db1cb4..4973c70 100644
--- a/app/src/main/java/io/nekohasekai/sfa/bg/VPNService.kt
+++ b/app/src/main/java/io/nekohasekai/sfa/bg/VPNService.kt
@@ -2,13 +2,11 @@ package io.nekohasekai.sfa.bg
 
 import android.content.Intent
 import android.content.pm.PackageManager.NameNotFoundException
-import android.net.Network
 import android.net.ProxyInfo
 import android.net.VpnService
 import android.os.Build
 import android.os.IBinder
 import io.nekohasekai.libbox.Notification
-import io.nekohasekai.libbox.RawNetworkIterator
 import io.nekohasekai.libbox.TunOptions
 import io.nekohasekai.sfa.database.Settings
 import io.nekohasekai.sfa.ktx.toIpPrefix
@@ -183,51 +181,10 @@ class VPNService : VpnService(), PlatformInterfaceWrapper {
             systemProxyEnabled = false
         }
 
-        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.LOLLIPOP_MR1) {
-            synchronized(this) {
-                val underlyingNetworks = underlyingNetworksCache
-                if (underlyingNetworks != null) {
-                    builder.setUnderlyingNetworks(underlyingNetworks)
-                    underlyingNetworksCache = null
-                }
-                val pfd =
-                    builder.establish()
-                        ?: error("android: the application is not prepared or is revoked")
-                service.fileDescriptor = pfd
-                return pfd.fd
-            }
-        } else {
-            val pfd =
-                builder.establish()
-                    ?: error("android: the application is not prepared or is revoked")
-            service.fileDescriptor = pfd
-            return pfd.fd
-        }
-    }
-
-    @Volatile
-    private var underlyingNetworksCache: Array<Network>? = null
-
-    override fun setUnderlyingNetworks(networkIterator: RawNetworkIterator) {
-        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.LOLLIPOP_MR1) {
-            synchronized(this) {
-                val defaultNetwork = runBlocking { DefaultNetworkListener.get() }
-                var networks = mutableListOf<Network>()
-                while (networkIterator.hasNext()) {
-                    val network =
-                        (networkIterator.next() as PlatformInterfaceWrapper.NetworkWrapper).network
-                    if (network == defaultNetwork) {
-                        networks.add(0, network)
-                    } else {
-                        networks.add(network)
-                    }
-                }
-                val newNetworks = networks.toTypedArray()
-                if (!setUnderlyingNetworks(newNetworks)) {
-                    underlyingNetworksCache = newNetworks
-                }
-            }
-        }
+        val pfd =
+            builder.establish() ?: error("android: the application is not prepared or is revoked")
+        service.fileDescriptor = pfd
+        return pfd.fd
     }
 
     override fun writeLog(message: String) = service.writeLog(message)