core.js

/**
 * This 'core' module is the `libffi` wrapper. All required native
 * functionality is instantiated and then exported in this module.
 *
 * ### References:
 *
 *   * [Objective-C Runtime Reference](http://developer.apple.com/library/mac/#documentation/Cocoa/Reference/ObjCRuntimeRef/Reference/reference.html)
 */

/*!
 * Module dependencies.
 */

var ref = require('ref')
  , ffi = require('ffi')
  , types = require('./types')
  , Struct = require('ref-struct')
  , uintptr_t = ref.sizeof.pointer == 8 ? 'uint64' : 'uint32' // 'uintptr_t' isn't natively supported by node-ffi
  , libc = new ffi.Library('libc', {
      malloc: [ 'void*', [ 'size_t' ] ]
    , free: [ 'void', [ 'void*' ] ]
  })
  , free = libc.free
  , objc = new ffi.Library('libobjc', {
      class_addIvar: [ 'uint8', [ 'pointer', 'string', 'size_t', 'uint8', 'string' ] ]
    , class_addMethod: [ 'uint8', [ 'pointer', 'pointer', 'pointer', 'string' ] ]
    , class_addProtocol: [ 'uint8', [ 'pointer', 'pointer' ] ]
    , class_copyIvarList: [ 'pointer', [ 'pointer', 'pointer' ] ]
    , class_copyMethodList: [ 'pointer', [ 'pointer', 'pointer' ] ]
    , class_copyPropertyList: [ 'pointer', [ 'pointer', 'pointer' ] ]
    , class_copyProtocolList: [ 'pointer', [ 'pointer', 'pointer' ] ]
    , class_getClassMethod: [ 'pointer', [ 'pointer', 'pointer' ] ]
    , class_getClassVariable: [ 'pointer', [ 'pointer', 'string' ] ]
    , class_getInstanceMethod: [ 'pointer', [ 'pointer', 'pointer' ] ]
    , class_getInstanceSize: [ 'size_t', [ 'pointer' ] ]
    , class_getInstanceVariable: [ 'pointer', [ 'pointer', 'string' ] ]
    , class_getIvarLayout: [ 'string', [ 'pointer' ] ]
    , class_getName: [ 'string', [ 'pointer' ] ]
    , class_getProperty: [ 'pointer', [ 'pointer', 'string' ] ]
    , class_getSuperclass: [ 'pointer', [ 'pointer' ] ]
    , class_getVersion: [ 'int32', [ 'pointer' ] ]
    , class_getWeakIvarLayout: [ 'string', [ 'pointer' ] ]
    , class_isMetaClass: [ 'uint8', [ 'pointer' ] ]
    , class_setIvarLayout: [ 'void', [ 'pointer', 'string' ] ]
    , class_setSuperclass: [ 'pointer', [ 'pointer', 'pointer' ] ]
    , class_setVersion: [ 'void', [ 'pointer', 'int32' ] ]
    , class_setWeakIvarLayout: [ 'void', [ 'pointer', 'string' ] ]
    , ivar_getName: [ 'string', [ 'pointer' ] ]
    , ivar_getOffset: [ 'int32', [ 'pointer' ] ]
    , ivar_getTypeEncoding: [ 'string', [ 'pointer' ] ]
    , method_copyArgumentType: [ 'pointer', [ 'pointer', 'uint32' ] ]
    , method_copyReturnType: [ 'pointer', [ 'pointer' ] ]
    , method_exchangeImplementations: [ 'void', [ 'pointer', 'pointer' ] ]
    , method_getImplementation: [ 'pointer', [ 'pointer' ] ]
    , method_getName: [ 'pointer', [ 'pointer' ] ]
    , method_getNumberOfArguments: [ 'uint32', [ 'pointer' ] ]
    , method_getTypeEncoding: [ 'string', [ 'pointer' ] ]
    , method_setImplementation: [ 'pointer', [ 'pointer', 'pointer' ] ]
    , objc_allocateClassPair: [ 'pointer', [ 'pointer', 'string', 'size_t' ] ]
    , objc_copyProtocolList: [ 'pointer', [ 'pointer' ] ]
    , objc_getAssociatedObject: [ 'pointer', [ 'pointer', 'pointer' ] ]
    , objc_getClass: [ 'pointer', [ 'string' ] ]
    , objc_getClassList: [ 'int32', [ 'pointer', 'int32' ] ]
    , objc_getProtocol: [ 'pointer', [ 'string' ] ]
    , objc_registerClassPair: [ 'void', [ 'pointer' ] ]
    , objc_removeAssociatedObjects: [ 'void', [ 'pointer' ] ]
    , objc_setAssociatedObject: [ 'void', [ 'pointer', 'pointer', 'pointer', uintptr_t ] ]
    , object_getClass: [ 'pointer', [ 'pointer' ] ]
    , object_getClassName: [ 'string', [ 'pointer' ] ]
    , object_getInstanceVariable: [ 'pointer', [ 'pointer', 'string', 'pointer' ] ]
    , object_getIvar: [ 'pointer', [ 'pointer', 'pointer' ] ]
    , object_setClass: [ 'pointer', [ 'pointer', 'pointer' ] ]
    , object_setInstanceVariable: [ 'pointer', [ 'pointer', 'string', 'pointer' ] ]
    , object_setIvar: [ 'void', [ 'pointer', 'pointer', 'pointer' ] ]
    , property_getAttributes: [ 'string', [ 'pointer' ] ]
    , property_getName: [ 'string', [ 'pointer' ] ]
    , protocol_conformsToProtocol: [ 'uint8', [ 'pointer', 'pointer' ] ]
    , protocol_copyMethodDescriptionList: [ 'pointer', [ 'pointer', 'uint8', 'uint8', 'pointer' ] ]
    , protocol_copyPropertyList: [ 'pointer', [ 'pointer', 'pointer' ] ]
    , protocol_copyProtocolList: [ 'pointer', [ 'pointer', 'pointer' ] ]
    , protocol_getMethodDescription: [ 'pointer', [ 'pointer', 'pointer', 'uint8', 'uint8' ] ]
    , protocol_getName: [ 'string', [ 'pointer' ] ]
    , protocol_getProperty: [ 'pointer', [ 'pointer', 'string', 'uint8', 'uint8' ] ]
    , sel_getName: [ 'string', [ 'pointer' ] ]
    , sel_registerName: [ 'pointer', [ 'string' ] ]
  })
  , selCache = {};
    objc.objc_msgSend = ffi.DynamicLibrary().get('objc_msgSend')
  , objc.objc_msgSend_stret = ffi.DynamicLibrary().get('objc_msgSend_stret')
  , objc.objc_msgSendSuper = ffi.DynamicLibrary().get('objc_msgSendSuper')
  , objc.objc_msgSendSuper_stret = ffi.DynamicLibrary().get('objc_msgSendSuper_stret');


/**
 * Convenience wrapper around loading dynamic libraries.
 */
function dlopen (path) {
  return new ffi.DynamicLibrary(path)
}

/**
 * Convienience function to return an Array of Strings of the names of every
 * class currently in the runtime. This gets used at the during the import
 * process get a name of the new classes that have been loaded.
 * TODO: Could be replaced with a native binding someday for speed. Not overly
 *       important as this function is only called during import()
 */
function getClassList () {
  var rtn = [];

  // first get just the count
  var num = objc.objc_getClassList(null, 0);

  if (num > 0) {
    var c = null;
    var classes = new Buffer(ref.sizeof.pointer * num);

    objc.objc_getClassList(classes, num);

    for (var i = 0; i < num; i++) {
      c = classes.readPointer(i * ref.sizeof.pointer);
      rtn.push(objc.class_getName(c));
    }
    // `classes` Buffer will be freed by V8
  }

  return rtn;
}

/**
 * Copies and returns an Array of the instance variables defined by a given
 * Class pointer. To get class variables, call this function on a metaclass.
 */
function copyIvarList (classPtr) {
  var rtn = []
    , numIvars = ref.alloc('uint')
    , ivars = objc.class_copyIvarList(classPtr, numIvars)
    , count = numIvars.deref();

  for (var i=0; i<count; i++)
    rtn.push(objc.ivar_getName(ivars.readPointer(i * ref.sizeof.pointer)));

  free(ivars);
  return rtn;
}

/**
 * Copies and returns an Array of the instance methods the given Class pointer
 * implements. To get class methods, call this function with a metaclass.
 */
function copyMethodList (classPtr) {
  var numMethods = ref.alloc('uint')
    , rtn = []
    , methods = objc.class_copyMethodList(classPtr, numMethods)
    , count = numMethods.deref();

  for (var i=0; i<count; i++)
    rtn.push(wrapValue(objc.method_getName(methods.readPointer(i * ref.sizeof.pointer)),':'));

  free(methods);
  return rtn;
}

/**
 * Convienience function to get the String return type of a Method pointer.
 * Takes care of free()ing the returned pointer, as is required.
 */
function getMethodReturnType (method) {
  return getStringAndFree(objc.method_copyReturnType(method));
}

/**
 * Gets a cstring from the pointer and free's the memory
 */
function getStringAndFree (ptr) {
  var str = ptr.readCString();
  free(ptr);
  return str;
}

/**
 * Wraps up a node-ffi pointer if needed (not needed for Numbers, etc.)
 */
function wrapValue (val, type) {
  var basetype = type.type ? type.type : type;
  if(basetype == '@' || basetype == '#') return createObject(val, basetype);
  else if (basetype[0] == '@') return createObject(val, '@');
  else if (basetype == '@?') return createObject(createBlock(val, '@'));
  else if (basetype == '^?') return createUnwrapperFunction(val, type);
  else if (basetype == ':') return objc.sel_getName(val);
  else if (basetype == 'B') return val ? true : false;
  else if (basetype == 'c' && val === 1) return true;
  else if (basetype == 'c' && val === 0) return false;
  else return val;
}

/**
 * Accepts an Array of raw objc pointers and other values, and an array of ObjC
 * types, and returns an array of wrapped values where appropriate.
 */
function wrapValues (values, objtypes) {
  var result = [];
  for(var i=0; i < objtypes.length; i++) result.push(wrapValue(values[i], objtypes[i]));
  return result;
}

/**
 * Unwraps a previously wrapped NodObjC object.
 */
function unwrapValue (val, type) {
  var basetype = type.type ? type.type : type;
  if (basetype == '@?') return createBlock(val, basetype);
  else if (basetype == '^?') return createWrapperPointer(val, type);
  else if (basetype == '@' || basetype == '#') {
    if(Buffer.isBuffer(val)) return val;
    return val ? val.pointer : null;
  }
  else if (basetype == ':') return selCache[val] || (selCache[val] = objc.sel_registerName(val));
  else if (val === true) return 1;
  else if (val === false) return 0;
  else return val;
}

/**
 * Accepts an Array of wrapped NodObjC objects and other values, and an array
 * of their cooresponding ObjC types, and returns an array of unwrapped values.
 */
function unwrapValues (values, objtypes) {
  var result = [];
  for(var i=0; i < objtypes.length; i++) result.push(unwrapValue(values[i], objtypes[i]));
  return result;
}

/**
 * Represents a wrapped `IMP` (a.k.a. method implementation). `IMP`s are function pointers for methods. The first two arguments are always:
 *
 *   1. `self` - The object instance the method is being called on.
 *   2. `_cmd` - The `SEL` selector of the method being invoked.
 *
 * Any additional arguments that get passed are the actual arguments that get
 * passed along to the method.
 */

/**
 * Creates an ffi Function Pointer to the passed in 'func' Function. The
 * function gets wrapped in an "wrapper" function, which wraps the passed in
 * arguments, and unwraps the return value.
 *
 * @param {Function} A JS function to be converted to an ffi C function.
 * @param {Object|Array} A "type" object or Array containing the 'retval' and
 *                       'args' for the Function.
 * @api private
 */
function createWrapperPointer (func, type) {
  var argTypes = type.args || type[1] || [];
  var rtnType = type.retval || type[0] || 'v';

  if (func.pointer) return func.pointer;
  return new ffi.Callback(types.map(rtnType), types.mapArray(argTypes), function() {
    return unwrapValue(func.apply(null, wrapValues(arguments, argTypes)), rtnType);
  });
}

/**
 * Creates a JS Function from the passed in function pointer. When the returned
 * function is invoked, the passed in arguments are unwrapped before being
 * passed to the native function, and the return value is wrapped up before
 * being returned for real.
 *
 * @param {Pointer} The function pointer to create an unwrapper function around
 * @param {Object|Array} A "type" object or Array containing the 'retval' and
 *                       'args' for the Function.
 * @api private
 */
function createUnwrapperFunction (funcPtr, type, isVariadic) {
  var rtnType = type.retval || type[0] || 'v';
  var argTypes = type.args || type[1] || [];
  var unwrapper;

  if (isVariadic) {
    var func = ffi.VariadicForeignFunction(funcPtr, types.map(rtnType), types.mapArray(argTypes));
    unwrapper = function() {
      var newtypes = [];
      // Detect the types coming in, make sure to ignore previously defined baseTypes,
      // garner a list of these then send the function through the normal exec.
      // The types system in objc, should probably be cleaned up considerably. This is
      // somewhat faulty but since 95% of objects coming through are mostly ID/Class
      // it works, we may have issues for function pointers/etc.
      for(var i=argTypes.length; i < arguments.length; i++) {
        if(arguments[i].type) newtypes.push(arguments[i].type)
        else if(arguments[i].pointer) newtypes.push('@');
        else if(typeof arguments[i] == 'function') newtypes.push('@?');
        else if(typeof arguments[i] == 'string') newtypes.push('r*');
        else if(typeof arguments[i] == 'number') newtypes.push('d');
        else newtypes.push('?');
      }
      return wrapValue(func
                        .apply(null, types.mapArray(newtypes))
                        .apply(null, unwrapValues(arguments,argTypes.concat(newtypes))),
                      rtnType);
    };
  } else {
    var func = ffi.ForeignFunction(funcPtr, types.map(rtnType), types.mapArray(argTypes));
    unwrapper = function() {
      return wrapValue(func.apply(null, unwrapValues(arguments, argTypes)), rtnType);
    }
  }
  unwrapper.retval = rtnType;
  unwrapper.args = argTypes;
  unwrapper.pointer = funcPtr;
  return unwrapper;
}

/**
 * We have to simulate what the llvm compiler does when it encounters a Block
 * literal expression (see `Block-ABI-Apple.txt` above).
 * The "block literal" is the struct type for each Block instance.
 */
var __block_literal_1 = Struct({
  isa: 'pointer',
  flags: 'int32',
  reserved: 'int32',
  invoke: 'pointer',
  descriptor: 'pointer'
});

/**
 * The "block descriptor" is a static singleton struct. Probably used in more
 * complex Block scenarios involving actual closure variables needing storage
 * (in `NodObjC`, JavaScript closures are leveraged instead).
 */
var __block_descriptor_1 = Struct({
  reserved: 'ulonglong',
  Block_size: 'ulonglong'
});
// The class of the block instances; lazy-loaded
var BD = new __block_descriptor_1();
BD.reserved = 0;
BD.Block_size = __block_literal_1.size;
var CGB;

/**
 * Creates a C block instance from a JS Function.
 * Blocks are regular Objective-C objects in Obj-C, and can be sent messages;
 * thus Block instances need are creted using the core.wrapId() function.
 *
 * @api private
 */
function createBlock (func, type) {
  if (!func) return null;
  else if (func.pointer) return func.pointer;
  var bl = new __block_literal_1;
  // Set the class of the instance
  bl.isa = CGB || (CGB = dlopen().get('_NSConcreteGlobalBlock'));
  // Global flags
  bl.flags = 1 << 29;
  bl.reserved = 0;
  bl.invoke = createWrapperPointer(func, type);
  bl.descriptor = BD.ref();
  return bl.ref();
}

/**
 * Creates an ID or Class depending on the encoded type, stores and
 * manages cache for classes as well, this also wraps objects to
 * create the objc(sel) type interface in JS.
 *
 * @api private
 */
function createObject (val, type, name) {
  if (!val || ref.isNull(val)) return null;

  var cache = objc.objc_getAssociatedObject(val, objc.objcStorageKey);
  if (!ref.isNull(cache)) return cache.readObject(0);

  var instance = (type == '@') ? new (require('./id'))(val)
                        : new (require('./class'))(val);

  // store this ID JS reference into the Obj-C internal associated object store
  var refn = ref.alloc('pointer');
  refn.writeObject(instance, 0);
  objc.objc_setAssociatedObject(val, objc.objcStorageKey, refn, 0);

  return instance;
}

/*!
 * Module exports.
 */
objc.createBlock = createBlock;
objc.createObject = createObject;
objc.createUnwrapperFunction = createUnwrapperFunction;
objc.createWrapperPointer = createWrapperPointer;
objc.Callback = ffi.Callback;
objc.ForeignFunction = ffi.ForeignFunction;
objc.Types = types;
objc.dlopen = dlopen;
objc.getClassList = getClassList;
objc.copyIvarList = copyIvarList;
objc.copyMethodList = copyMethodList;
objc.getMethodReturnType = getMethodReturnType;
objc.getStringAndFree = getStringAndFree;
objc.wrapValue = wrapValue;
objc.wrapValues = wrapValues;
objc.unwrapValues = unwrapValues;
objc.unwrapValue = unwrapValue;
objc.objcStorageKey = new Buffer(1);

module.exports = objc;