diff --git a/src/material/form-field/form-field.ts b/src/material/form-field/form-field.ts
index 173023a9bea4..6cdb0432570e 100644
--- a/src/material/form-field/form-field.ts
+++ b/src/material/form-field/form-field.ts
@@ -529,7 +529,7 @@ export class MatFormField extends _MatFormFieldMixinBase
     }
     // If the element is not present in the DOM, the outline gap will need to be calculated
     // the next time it is checked and in the DOM.
-    if (!document.documentElement!.contains(this._elementRef.nativeElement)) {
+    if (!this._isAttachedToDOM()) {
       this._outlineGapCalculationNeededImmediately = true;
       return;
     }
@@ -582,4 +582,20 @@ export class MatFormField extends _MatFormFieldMixinBase
   private _getStartEnd(rect: ClientRect): number {
     return this._previousDirection === 'rtl' ? rect.right : rect.left;
   }
+
+  /** Checks whether the form field is attached to the DOM. */
+  private _isAttachedToDOM(): boolean {
+    const element: HTMLElement = this._elementRef.nativeElement;
+
+    if (element.getRootNode) {
+      const rootNode = element.getRootNode();
+      // If the element is inside the DOM the root node will be either the document
+      // or the closest shadow root, otherwise it'll be the element itself.
+      return rootNode && rootNode !== element;
+    }
+
+    // Otherwise fall back to checking if it's in the document. This doesn't account for
+    // shadow DOM, however browser that support shadow DOM should support `getRootNode` as well.
+    return document.documentElement!.contains(element);
+  }
 }
diff --git a/src/material/input/input.spec.ts b/src/material/input/input.spec.ts
index 69a7d5948ed4..72772dc18253 100644
--- a/src/material/input/input.spec.ts
+++ b/src/material/input/input.spec.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import {Platform, PlatformModule} from '@angular/cdk/platform';
+import {Platform, PlatformModule, _supportsShadowDom} from '@angular/cdk/platform';
 import {wrappedErrorMessage, MockNgZone} from '@angular/cdk/private/testing';
 import {
   createFakeEvent,
@@ -12,6 +12,8 @@ import {
   Provider,
   NgZone,
   Directive,
+  ViewEncapsulation,
+  ElementRef,
 } from '@angular/core';
 import {ComponentFixture, fakeAsync, flush, TestBed} from '@angular/core/testing';
 import {
@@ -1503,7 +1505,26 @@ describe('MatInput with appearance', () => {
     }));
 
 
+  it('should calculate the outline gaps inside the shadow DOM', fakeAsync(() => {
+    if (!_supportsShadowDom()) {
+      return;
+    }
 
+    fixture.destroy();
+    TestBed.resetTestingModule();
+
+    const outlineFixture = createComponent(MatInputWithOutlineAppearanceInShadowDOM);
+    outlineFixture.detectChanges();
+    flush();
+    outlineFixture.detectChanges();
+
+    const formField = outlineFixture.componentInstance.formField.nativeElement;
+    const outlineStart = formField.querySelector('.mat-form-field-outline-start') as HTMLElement;
+    const outlineGap = formField.querySelector('.mat-form-field-outline-gap') as HTMLElement;
+
+    expect(parseInt(outlineStart.style.width || '0')).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+    expect(parseInt(outlineGap.style.width || '0')).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+  }));
 
 });
 
@@ -2010,6 +2031,19 @@ class MatInputWithoutPlaceholder {
 })
 class MatInputWithOutlineInsideInvisibleElement {}
 
+@Component({
+  template: `
+    <mat-form-field appearance="outline" #formField>
+      <mat-label>Hello</mat-label>
+      <input matInput>
+    </mat-form-field>
+  `,
+  encapsulation: ViewEncapsulation.ShadowDom
+})
+class MatInputWithOutlineAppearanceInShadowDOM {
+  @ViewChild('formField', {read: ElementRef, static: false}) formField: ElementRef<HTMLElement>;
+}
+
 
 // Styles to reset padding and border to make measurement comparisons easier.
 const textareaStyleReset = `