diff --git a/dev/tasks/r/github.linux.rchk.yml b/dev/tasks/r/github.linux.rchk.yml
index 4f565600ffcfb..a673304ff238d 100644
--- a/dev/tasks/r/github.linux.rchk.yml
+++ b/dev/tasks/r/github.linux.rchk.yml
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ jobs:
       - uses: r-lib/actions/setup-pandoc@v2
       - uses: r-lib/actions/setup-r-dependencies@v2
         with:
-          working-directory: 'r'
+          working-directory: 'arrow/r'
           extra-packages: |
             any::rcmdcheck
       - name: Build arrow package