diff --git a/sql/core/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/execution/datasources/InsertIntoDataSourceCommand.scala b/sql/core/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/execution/datasources/InsertIntoDataSourceCommand.scala
index a813829d50cb1..80d7608a22891 100644
--- a/sql/core/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/execution/datasources/InsertIntoDataSourceCommand.scala
+++ b/sql/core/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/execution/datasources/InsertIntoDataSourceCommand.scala
@@ -38,9 +38,8 @@ case class InsertIntoDataSourceCommand(
   override def run(sparkSession: SparkSession): Seq[Row] = {
     val relation = logicalRelation.relation.asInstanceOf[InsertableRelation]
     val data = Dataset.ofRows(sparkSession, query)
-    // Apply the schema of the existing table to the new data.
-    val df = sparkSession.internalCreateDataFrame(data.queryExecution.toRdd, logicalRelation.schema)
-    relation.insert(df, overwrite)
+    // Data has been casted to the target relation's schema by the PreprocessTableInsertion rule.
+    relation.insert(data, overwrite)
 
     // Re-cache all cached plans(including this relation itself, if it's cached) that refer to this
     // data source relation.
diff --git a/sql/core/src/test/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/sources/InsertSuite.scala b/sql/core/src/test/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/sources/InsertSuite.scala
index fef01c860db6e..438d5d8176b8b 100644
--- a/sql/core/src/test/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/sources/InsertSuite.scala
+++ b/sql/core/src/test/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/sources/InsertSuite.scala
@@ -20,12 +20,36 @@ package org.apache.spark.sql.sources
 import java.io.File
 
 import org.apache.spark.SparkException
-import org.apache.spark.sql.{AnalysisException, Row}
+import org.apache.spark.sql._
+import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.TableIdentifier
+import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.catalog.{CatalogStorageFormat, CatalogTable, CatalogTableType}
 import org.apache.spark.sql.internal.SQLConf
 import org.apache.spark.sql.internal.SQLConf.PartitionOverwriteMode
 import org.apache.spark.sql.test.SharedSQLContext
+import org.apache.spark.sql.types._
 import org.apache.spark.util.Utils
 
+class SimpleInsertSource extends SchemaRelationProvider {
+  override def createRelation(
+      sqlContext: SQLContext,
+      parameters: Map[String, String],
+      schema: StructType): BaseRelation = {
+    SimpleInsert(schema)(sqlContext.sparkSession)
+  }
+}
+
+case class SimpleInsert(userSpecifiedSchema: StructType)(@transient val sparkSession: SparkSession)
+  extends BaseRelation with InsertableRelation {
+
+  override def sqlContext: SQLContext = sparkSession.sqlContext
+
+  override def schema: StructType = userSpecifiedSchema
+
+  override def insert(input: DataFrame, overwrite: Boolean): Unit = {
+    input.collect
+  }
+}
+
 class InsertSuite extends DataSourceTest with SharedSQLContext {
   import testImplicits._
 
@@ -520,4 +544,29 @@ class InsertSuite extends DataSourceTest with SharedSQLContext {
       }
     }
   }
+
+  test("SPARK-24583 Wrong schema type in InsertIntoDataSourceCommand") {
+    withTable("test_table") {
+      val schema = new StructType()
+        .add("i", LongType, false)
+        .add("s", StringType, false)
+      val newTable = CatalogTable(
+        identifier = TableIdentifier("test_table", None),
+        tableType = CatalogTableType.EXTERNAL,
+        storage = CatalogStorageFormat(
+          locationUri = None,
+          inputFormat = None,
+          outputFormat = None,
+          serde = None,
+          compressed = false,
+          properties = Map.empty),
+        schema = schema,
+        provider = Some(classOf[SimpleInsertSource].getName))
+
+      spark.sessionState.catalog.createTable(newTable, false)
+
+      sql("INSERT INTO TABLE test_table SELECT 1, 'a'")
+      sql("INSERT INTO TABLE test_table SELECT 2, null")
+    }
+  }
 }