diff --git a/crates/uv-settings/src/combine.rs b/crates/uv-settings/src/combine.rs
index 70ba2f9a6a83d..4690684b5c27d 100644
--- a/crates/uv-settings/src/combine.rs
+++ b/crates/uv-settings/src/combine.rs
@@ -97,3 +97,9 @@ impl Combine for Option<ConfigSettings> {
         }
     }
 }
+
+impl Combine for serde::de::IgnoredAny {
+    fn combine(self, _other: Self) -> Self {
+        self
+    }
+}
diff --git a/crates/uv-settings/src/settings.rs b/crates/uv-settings/src/settings.rs
index 10552a2102fec..4af608fc63e41 100644
--- a/crates/uv-settings/src/settings.rs
+++ b/crates/uv-settings/src/settings.rs
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ pub(crate) struct Tools {
 /// A `[tool.uv]` section.
 #[allow(dead_code)]
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Default, Deserialize, CombineOptions, OptionsMetadata)]
-#[serde(rename_all = "kebab-case")]
+#[serde(rename_all = "kebab-case", deny_unknown_fields)]
 #[cfg_attr(feature = "schemars", derive(schemars::JsonSchema))]
 pub struct Options {
     #[serde(flatten)]
@@ -49,6 +49,24 @@ pub struct Options {
     )]
     pub override_dependencies: Option<Vec<Requirement<VerbatimParsedUrl>>>,
     pub constraint_dependencies: Option<Vec<Requirement<VerbatimParsedUrl>>>,
+
+    // NOTE(charlie): These fields should be kept in-sync with `ToolUv` in
+    // `crates/uv-workspace/src/pyproject.rs`.
+    #[serde(default, skip_serializing)]
+    #[cfg_attr(feature = "schemars", schemars(skip))]
+    workspace: serde::de::IgnoredAny,
+
+    #[serde(default, skip_serializing)]
+    #[cfg_attr(feature = "schemars", schemars(skip))]
+    sources: serde::de::IgnoredAny,
+
+    #[serde(default, skip_serializing)]
+    #[cfg_attr(feature = "schemars", schemars(skip))]
+    dev_dependencies: serde::de::IgnoredAny,
+
+    #[serde(default, skip_serializing)]
+    #[cfg_attr(feature = "schemars", schemars(skip))]
+    managed: serde::de::IgnoredAny,
 }
 
 /// Global settings, relevant to all invocations.
diff --git a/crates/uv-workspace/src/pyproject.rs b/crates/uv-workspace/src/pyproject.rs
index e6126ab08fbc3..76068511718f8 100644
--- a/crates/uv-workspace/src/pyproject.rs
+++ b/crates/uv-workspace/src/pyproject.rs
@@ -76,10 +76,14 @@ pub struct Tool {
     pub uv: Option<ToolUv>,
 }
 
+// NOTE(charlie): When adding fields to this struct, mark them as ignored on `Options` in
+// `crates/uv-settings/src/settings.rs`.
 #[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, OptionsMetadata, Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
 #[serde(rename_all = "kebab-case")]
 #[cfg_attr(feature = "schemars", derive(schemars::JsonSchema))]
 pub struct ToolUv {
+    /// The sources to use (e.g., workspace members, Git repositories, local paths) when resolving
+    /// dependencies.
     pub sources: Option<BTreeMap<PackageName, Source>>,
     /// The workspace definition for the project, if any.
     #[option_group]
diff --git a/crates/uv/src/lib.rs b/crates/uv/src/lib.rs
index 4b559022051de..6b8a6473a9b04 100644
--- a/crates/uv/src/lib.rs
+++ b/crates/uv/src/lib.rs
@@ -110,6 +110,12 @@ async fn run(cli: Cli) -> Result<ExitStatus> {
     //    found, this file is combined with the user configuration file. In this case, we don't
     //    search for `pyproject.toml` files, since we're not in a workspace.
     let filesystem = if let Some(config_file) = cli.config_file.as_ref() {
+        if config_file
+            .file_name()
+            .is_some_and(|file_name| file_name == "pyproject.toml")
+        {
+            warn_user!("The `--config-file` argument expects to receive a `uv.toml` file, not a `pyproject.toml`. If you're trying to run a command from another project, use the `--directory` argument instead.");
+        }
         Some(FilesystemOptions::from_file(config_file)?)
     } else if deprecated_isolated || cli.no_config {
         None
diff --git a/crates/uv/tests/show_settings.rs b/crates/uv/tests/show_settings.rs
index bd4714c5cc162..87227efdc4afc 100644
--- a/crates/uv/tests/show_settings.rs
+++ b/crates/uv/tests/show_settings.rs
@@ -2680,3 +2680,232 @@ fn resolve_both() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
 
     Ok(())
 }
+
+/// Read from a `--config-file` command line argument.
+#[test]
+#[cfg_attr(
+    windows,
+    ignore = "Configuration tests are not yet supported on Windows"
+)]
+fn resolve_config_file() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+    let context = TestContext::new("3.12");
+
+    // Write a `uv.toml` to a temporary location.
+    let config_dir = assert_fs::TempDir::new().expect("Failed to create temp dir");
+    let config = config_dir.child("uv.toml");
+    config.write_str(indoc::indoc! {r#"
+        [pip]
+        resolution = "lowest-direct"
+        generate-hashes = true
+        index-url = "https://pypi.org/simple"
+    "#})?;
+
+    let requirements_in = context.temp_dir.child("requirements.in");
+    requirements_in.write_str("anyio>3.0.0")?;
+
+    uv_snapshot!(context.filters(), command(&context)
+        .arg("--show-settings")
+        .arg("--config-file")
+        .arg(config.path())
+        .arg("requirements.in"), @r###"
+    success: true
+    exit_code: 0
+    ----- stdout -----
+    GlobalSettings {
+        quiet: false,
+        verbose: 0,
+        color: Auto,
+        native_tls: false,
+        connectivity: Online,
+        show_settings: true,
+        preview: Disabled,
+        python_preference: OnlySystem,
+        python_fetch: Automatic,
+        no_progress: false,
+    }
+    CacheSettings {
+        no_cache: false,
+        cache_dir: Some(
+            "[CACHE_DIR]/",
+        ),
+    }
+    PipCompileSettings {
+        src_file: [
+            "requirements.in",
+        ],
+        constraint: [],
+        override: [],
+        constraints_from_workspace: [],
+        overrides_from_workspace: [],
+        build_constraint: [],
+        refresh: None(
+            Timestamp(
+                SystemTime {
+                    tv_sec: [TIME],
+                    tv_nsec: [TIME],
+                },
+            ),
+        ),
+        settings: PipSettings {
+            index_locations: IndexLocations {
+                index: Some(
+                    Pypi(
+                        VerbatimUrl {
+                            url: Url {
+                                scheme: "https",
+                                cannot_be_a_base: false,
+                                username: "",
+                                password: None,
+                                host: Some(
+                                    Domain(
+                                        "pypi.org",
+                                    ),
+                                ),
+                                port: None,
+                                path: "/simple",
+                                query: None,
+                                fragment: None,
+                            },
+                            given: Some(
+                                "https://pypi.org/simple",
+                            ),
+                        },
+                    ),
+                ),
+                extra_index: [],
+                flat_index: [],
+                no_index: false,
+            },
+            python: None,
+            system: false,
+            extras: None,
+            break_system_packages: false,
+            target: None,
+            prefix: None,
+            index_strategy: FirstIndex,
+            keyring_provider: Disabled,
+            no_build_isolation: false,
+            build_options: BuildOptions {
+                no_binary: None,
+                no_build: None,
+            },
+            allow_empty_requirements: false,
+            strict: false,
+            dependency_mode: Transitive,
+            resolution: LowestDirect,
+            prerelease: IfNecessaryOrExplicit,
+            output_file: None,
+            no_strip_extras: false,
+            no_strip_markers: false,
+            no_annotate: false,
+            no_header: false,
+            custom_compile_command: None,
+            generate_hashes: true,
+            setup_py: Pep517,
+            config_setting: ConfigSettings(
+                {},
+            ),
+            python_version: None,
+            python_platform: None,
+            universal: false,
+            exclude_newer: Some(
+                ExcludeNewer(
+                    2024-03-25T00:00:00Z,
+                ),
+            ),
+            no_emit_package: [],
+            emit_index_url: false,
+            emit_find_links: false,
+            emit_build_options: false,
+            emit_marker_expression: false,
+            emit_index_annotation: false,
+            annotation_style: Split,
+            link_mode: Clone,
+            compile_bytecode: false,
+            sources: Enabled,
+            hash_checking: None,
+            upgrade: None,
+            reinstall: None,
+            concurrency: Concurrency {
+                downloads: 50,
+                builds: 16,
+                installs: 8,
+            },
+        },
+    }
+
+    ----- stderr -----
+    "###
+    );
+
+    // Write in `pyproject.toml` schema.
+    config.write_str(indoc::indoc! {r#"
+        [project]
+        name = "example"
+        version = "0.0.0"
+
+        [tool.uv.pip]
+        resolution = "lowest-direct"
+        generate-hashes = true
+        index-url = "https://pypi.org/simple"
+    "#})?;
+
+    // The file should be rejected for violating the schema.
+    uv_snapshot!(context.filters(), command(&context)
+        .arg("--show-settings")
+        .arg("--config-file")
+        .arg(config.path())
+        .arg("requirements.in"), @r###"
+    success: false
+    exit_code: 2
+    ----- stdout -----
+
+    ----- stderr -----
+    error: Failed to parse: `/var/folders/nt/6gf2v7_s3k13zq_t3944rwz40000gn/T/[TMP]/uv.toml`
+      Caused by: TOML parse error at line 1, column 1
+      |
+    1 | [project]
+      | ^
+    unknown field `project`
+
+    "###
+    );
+
+    // Write an _actual_ `pyproject.toml`.
+    let config = config_dir.child("pyproject.toml");
+    config.write_str(indoc::indoc! {r#"
+        [project]
+        name = "example"
+        version = "0.0.0"
+
+        [tool.uv.pip]
+        resolution = "lowest-direct"
+        generate-hashes = true
+        index-url = "https://pypi.org/simple"
+        """#
+    })?;
+
+    // The file should be rejected for violating the schema, with a custom warning.
+    uv_snapshot!(context.filters(), command(&context)
+        .arg("--show-settings")
+        .arg("--config-file")
+        .arg(config.path())
+        .arg("requirements.in"), @r###"
+    success: false
+    exit_code: 2
+    ----- stdout -----
+
+    ----- stderr -----
+    warning: The `--config-file` argument expects to receive a `uv.toml` file, not a `pyproject.toml`. If you're trying to run a command from another project, use the `--directory` argument instead.
+    error: Failed to parse: `/var/folders/nt/6gf2v7_s3k13zq_t3944rwz40000gn/T/[TMP]/pyproject.toml`
+      Caused by: TOML parse error at line 9, column 3
+      |
+    9 | ""
+      |   ^
+    expected `.`, `=`
+
+    "###
+    );
+
+    Ok(())
+}