diff --git a/intra/dialers/split_and_desync.go b/intra/dialers/split_and_desync.go
index f2de2609..e57abbbb 100644
--- a/intra/dialers/split_and_desync.go
+++ b/intra/dialers/split_and_desync.go
@@ -223,17 +223,8 @@ func desyncWithTraceroute(d *protect.RDial, ipp netip.AddrPort) (*overwriteSplit
 	for i := 0; i < desync_max_ttl-1 && measureTTL; i += desync_delta_ttl {
 		_, cmsgN, _, from, err := unix.Recvmsg(udpFD, msgBuf[:], cmsgBuf[:], unix.MSG_ERRQUEUE)
 		if err != nil {
-			log.V("split-desync: recvmsg %v, processed? %t, err: %v", ipp, processed, err)
-			if processed { // recvmsg processed at least once
-				break // uc must be nonblocking
-			} else {
-				processed = true
-				i -= desync_delta_ttl
-				time.Sleep(5 * time.Millisecond)
-				continue
-			}
-		} else {
-			processed = true
+			log.V("split-desync: recvmsg %v, err: %v", ipp, err)
+			break
 		}
 
 		cmsgs, err := unix.ParseSocketControlMessage(cmsgBuf[:cmsgN])
@@ -250,6 +241,7 @@ func desyncWithTraceroute(d *protect.RDial, ipp netip.AddrPort) (*overwriteSplit
 					break
 				}
 				oc.ttl = max(oc.ttl, ttl)
+				processed = true
 			}
 		} else {
 			if exceedsTTL(cmsgs) {
@@ -259,6 +251,7 @@ func desyncWithTraceroute(d *protect.RDial, ipp netip.AddrPort) (*overwriteSplit
 					break
 				}
 				oc.ttl = max(oc.ttl, ttl)
+				processed = true
 			}
 		}
 	}
@@ -266,7 +259,7 @@ func desyncWithTraceroute(d *protect.RDial, ipp netip.AddrPort) (*overwriteSplit
 	// skip desync if no measurement is done
 	oc.used.Store(!processed)
 
-	log.D("split-desync: done: %v, ok? %t, ttl: %d", ipp, processed, oc.ttl)
+	log.D("split-desync: done: %v, used? %t, ttl: %d", ipp, oc.used.Load(), oc.ttl)
 
 	return oc, nil
 }
@@ -346,26 +339,29 @@ func (s *overwriteSplitter) Read(b []byte) (int, error) { return s.conn.Read(b)
 
 // Write implements DuplexConn.
 // ref: github.com/hufrea/byedpi/blob/82e5229df00/desync.c#L69-L123
-func (s *overwriteSplitter) Write(b []byte) (int, error) {
+func (s *overwriteSplitter) Write(b []byte) (n int, err error) {
 	conn := s.conn
-
-	if s.used.Load() {
-		// after the first write, there is no special write behavior.
-		// used may also be set to true to avoid desync.
-		return conn.Write(b)
-	}
-
-	// set `used` to ensure this code only runs once per conn.
-	if !s.used.CompareAndSwap(false, true) {
-		return conn.Write(b)
-	}
-
 	laddr := laddr(s.conn)
 	raddr := raddr(s.conn)
 
-	if len(b) <= len(s.payload) {
-		log.D("split-desync: write: no desync %s => %s; len(b) <= len(s.payload): %d <= %d", laddr, raddr, len(b), len(s.payload))
-		return conn.Write(b)
+	short := len(b) < len(s.payload)
+	swapped := false
+	used := s.used.Load()
+	if used {
+		// after the first write, there is no special write behavior.
+		// used may also be set to true to avoid desync.
+		n, err = conn.Write(b)
+	} else if swapped = s.used.CompareAndSwap(false, true); !swapped {
+		// set `used` to ensure this code only runs once per conn;
+		// if !swapped, some other goroutine has already swapped it.
+		n, err = conn.Write(b)
+	} else if short {
+		n, err = conn.Write(b)
+	}
+	if used || short || !swapped {
+		logeif(err)("split-desync: write: %s => %s; desync done %d; (used? %t, short? %t, race? %t); err? %v",
+			laddr, raddr, n, used, short, !swapped, err)
+		return n, err
 	}
 
 	rawConn, err := conn.SyscallConn()