midi_file_writer.cpp

/*
Copyright (c) 2015, Dimitri Diakopoulos All rights reserved.

Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:

* Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
  list of conditions and the following disclaimer.

* Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
  this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
  and/or other materials provided with the distribution.

THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER
CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*/

#include "midi_file_writer.h"

using namespace mm;

namespace util
{
    std::ostream & write_uint16_be(std::ostream & out, uint16_t value)
    {
        union { uint8_t bytes[2]; uint16_t v; } data;
        data.v = value;
        out << data.bytes[1]; out << data.bytes[0];
        return out;
    }

    std::ostream & write_int16_be(std::ostream & out, int16_t value)
    {
        union { uint8_t bytes[2]; int16_t v; } data;
        data.v = value;
        out << data.bytes[1]; out << data.bytes[0];
        return out;
    }

    std::ostream & write_uint32_be(std::ostream & out, uint32_t value)
    {
        union { uint8_t bytes[4]; uint32_t v; } data;
        data.v = value;
        out << data.bytes[3]; out << data.bytes[2];
        out << data.bytes[1]; out << data.bytes[0];
        return out;
    }

    std::ostream & write_int32_be(std::ostream & out, int32_t value)
    {
        union { uint8_t bytes[4]; int32_t v; } data;
        data.v = value;
        out << data.bytes[3]; out << data.bytes[2];
        out << data.bytes[1]; out << data.bytes[0];
        return out;
    }

    std::ostream & write_float_be(std::ostream & out, float value)
    {
        union { uint8_t bytes[4]; float v; } data;
        data.v = value;
        out << data.bytes[3]; out << data.bytes[2];
        out << data.bytes[1]; out << data.bytes[0];
        return out;
    }

    std::ostream & write_double_be(std::ostream & out, double value)
    {
        union { uint8_t bytes[8]; double v; } data;
        data.v = value;
        out << data.bytes[7]; out << data.bytes[6];
        out << data.bytes[5]; out << data.bytes[4];
        out << data.bytes[3]; out << data.bytes[2];
        out << data.bytes[1]; out << data.bytes[0];
        return out;
    }

    // Write a number to the midifile
    // as a variable length value which segments a file into 7-bit
    // values.  Maximum size of aValue is 0x7fffffff
    void write_variable_length(uint32_t aValue, std::vector<uint8_t> & outdata)
    {
        uint8_t bytes[5] = {0};
        
        bytes[0] = (uint8_t) (((uint32_t) aValue >> 28) & 0x7F);  // most significant 5 bits
        bytes[1] = (uint8_t) (((uint32_t) aValue >> 21) & 0x7F);  // next largest 7 bits
        bytes[2] = (uint8_t) (((uint32_t) aValue >> 14) & 0x7F);
        bytes[3] = (uint8_t) (((uint32_t) aValue >> 7)  & 0x7F);
        bytes[4] = (uint8_t) (((uint32_t) aValue)       & 0x7F);  // least significant 7 bits
        
        int start = 0;
        while (start < 5 && bytes[start] == 0)
            start++;
        
        for (int i = start; i < 4; i++)
        {
            bytes[i] = bytes[i] | 0x80;
            outdata.push_back(bytes[i]);
        }
        outdata.push_back(bytes[4]);
    }
}

MidiFileWriter::MidiFileWriter() { }

MidiFileWriter::~MidiFileWriter() { }

void MidiFileWriter::addTrack()
{
    tracks.emplace_back(MidiTrack());
}

void MidiFileWriter::addEvent(int tick, int track, std::shared_ptr<MidiMessage> m)
{
    if (track > tracks.size()) 
        throw std::out_of_range("track idx exceeds availble tracks");

    tracks[track].push_back(std::make_shared<TrackEvent>(tick, track, m));
}

void MidiFileWriter::addEvent(int track, std::shared_ptr<TrackEvent> m)
{
    if (track > tracks.size())
        throw std::out_of_range("track idx exceeds availble tracks");
    
    tracks[track].push_back(m);
}

void MidiFileWriter::write(std::ostream & out)
{
    // MIDI File Header
    out << 'M'; out << 'T'; out << 'h'; out << 'd';
    util::write_uint32_be(out, 6);
    util::write_uint16_be(out, (getNumTracks() == 1) ? 0 : 1);
    util::write_uint16_be(out, (uint16_t)getNumTracks());
    util::write_uint16_be(out, getTicksPerQuarterNote());
            
    std::vector<uint8_t> trackRawData;
            
    for (auto & event_list : tracks)
    {
        for (auto & event : event_list)
        {
            const auto msg = event->m;
                    
            // Suppress end-of-track meta messages (one will be added
            // automatically after all track data has been written).
            if (msg->getMetaEventSubtype() == MetaEventType::END_OF_TRACK) continue;

            util::write_variable_length(event->tick, trackRawData);
            
            if ((msg->getMessageType() == MessageType::SYSTEM_EXCLUSIVE) || (event->m->getMessageType() == MessageType::EOX))
            {
                // 0xf0 == Complete sysex message (0xf0 is part of the raw MIDI).
                // 0xf7 == Raw byte message (0xf7 not part of the raw MIDI).
                // Print the first byte of the message (0xf0 or 0xf7), then
                // print a VLV length for the rest of the bytes in the message.
                // In other words, when creating a 0xf0 or 0xf7 MIDI message,
                // do not insert the VLV byte length yourself, as this code will
                // do it for you automatically.
                trackRawData.emplace_back(msg->data[0]); // 0xf0 or 0xf7;
                        
                util::write_variable_length(uint32_t(msg->messageSize() - 1), trackRawData);
                        
                for (size_t k = 1; k < msg->messageSize(); k++)
                {
                    trackRawData.emplace_back((*msg)[k]);
                }
            }
                    
            else
            {
                // Non-sysex type of message, so just output the bytes of the message:
                for (size_t k = 0; k < msg->messageSize(); k++)
                {
                    trackRawData.emplace_back((*msg)[k]);
                }
            }
        }
    }
                
    auto size = trackRawData.size();
    auto eot = MakeEndOfTrackMetaEvent();
    
    if ((size < 3) || !((trackRawData[size - 3] == 0xFF) && (trackRawData[size - 2] == 0x2F)))
    {
        trackRawData.emplace_back(0x0); // tick
        trackRawData.emplace_back(eot[0]);
        trackRawData.emplace_back(eot[1]);
        trackRawData.emplace_back(eot[2]);
    }
            
    // Write the track ID marker "MTrk":
    out << 'M'; out << 'T'; out << 'r'; out << 'k';
    util::write_uint32_be(out, uint32_t(trackRawData.size()));
    out.write((char*) trackRawData.data(), trackRawData.size());
}