diff --git a/src/Compilers/Core/Portable/CodeGen/TokenMap.cs b/src/Compilers/Core/Portable/CodeGen/TokenMap.cs
index 1f9f102941800..fecdfeffa91da 100644
--- a/src/Compilers/Core/Portable/CodeGen/TokenMap.cs
+++ b/src/Compilers/Core/Portable/CodeGen/TokenMap.cs
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 using System;
 using System.Collections.Concurrent;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Diagnostics;
 using System.Threading;
 using Microsoft.Cci;
 
@@ -28,9 +29,7 @@ internal sealed class TokenMap
         private object[] _items = Array.Empty<object>();
         private int _count = 0;
 
-        internal TokenMap()
-        {
-        }
+        internal TokenMap() { }
 
         public uint GetOrAddTokenFor(IReference item, out bool referenceAdded)
         {
@@ -95,6 +94,10 @@ private uint AddItem(IReferenceOrISignatureEquivalent item, out bool referenceAd
 
         public object GetItem(uint token)
         {
+            // If a token has been handed out, then it should be always within _count of the
+            // current array and a lock is not required.
+            Debug.Assert(token < (uint)_count && _count <= _items.Length);
+
             return _items[(int)token];
         }
 
@@ -102,11 +105,15 @@ public object GetItem(uint token)
         //      should probably return ROA instead of IE and cache that in Module. (and no need to return count)
         public ReadOnlySpan<object> GetAllItems()
         {
+            // Read _count before _items reference, to match inverse of the writes in AddItem.
+            // So _items is guaranteed to have at least count items; and a lock is not required.
+
             // Read the count prior to getting the array
             int count = Volatile.Read(ref _count);
+            // Read the array reference
             object[] items = Volatile.Read(ref _items);
 
-            // Return a right sized copy of the array
+            // Return a right sized view of the array based on read count and reference.
             return new ReadOnlySpan<object>(items, 0, count);
         }
     }
diff --git a/src/Compilers/Core/Portable/IReferenceOrISignature.cs b/src/Compilers/Core/Portable/IReferenceOrISignature.cs
index da1572985fcad..a83a17ec968b4 100644
--- a/src/Compilers/Core/Portable/IReferenceOrISignature.cs
+++ b/src/Compilers/Core/Portable/IReferenceOrISignature.cs
@@ -21,35 +21,22 @@ namespace Microsoft.CodeAnalysis
     /// </summary>
     internal readonly struct IReferenceOrISignatureEquivalent : IEquatable<IReferenceOrISignatureEquivalent>
     {
-        private readonly object? _item;
+        private readonly object _item;
 
-        public IReferenceOrISignatureEquivalent(IReference item)
-        {
-            _item = item;
-        }
+        public IReferenceOrISignatureEquivalent(IReference item) => _item = item;
 
-        public IReferenceOrISignatureEquivalent(ISignature item)
-        {
-            _item = item;
-        }
+        public IReferenceOrISignatureEquivalent(ISignature item) => _item = item;
 
         // Needed to resolve ambiguity for types that implement both IReference and ISignature
-        public IReferenceOrISignatureEquivalent(IMethodReference item)
-        {
-            _item = item;
-        }
+        public IReferenceOrISignatureEquivalent(IMethodReference item) => _item = item;
 
         [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
         public bool Equals(IReferenceOrISignatureEquivalent other)
         {
             // Fast inlinable ReferenceEquals
-            object? x = _item;
-            object? y = other._item;
-            if (x is null)
-            {
-                return y is null;
-            }
-            else if (ReferenceEquals(x, y))
+            var x = _item;
+            var y = other._item;
+            if (ReferenceEquals(x, y))
             {
                 return true;
             }
@@ -57,7 +44,7 @@ public bool Equals(IReferenceOrISignatureEquivalent other)
             return EqualsSlow(x, y);
         }
 
-        private static bool EqualsSlow(object x, object? y)
+        private static bool EqualsSlow(object x, object y)
         {
             if (x is ISymbolInternal sx && y is ISymbolInternal sy)
             {
@@ -75,11 +62,11 @@ private static bool EqualsSlow(object x, object? y)
 
         public override bool Equals(object? obj) => false;
 
-        public override int GetHashCode() => _item?.GetHashCode() ?? 0;
+        public override int GetHashCode() => _item.GetHashCode();
 
-        public override string ToString() => _item?.ToString() ?? "null";
+        public override string ToString() => _item.ToString() ?? "null";
 
-        internal object AsObject() => _item!;
+        internal object AsObject() => _item;
     }
 
     /// <summary>
@@ -87,23 +74,14 @@ private static bool EqualsSlow(object x, object? y)
     /// </summary>
     internal readonly struct IReferenceOrISignature : IEquatable<IReferenceOrISignature>
     {
-        private readonly object? _item;
+        private readonly object _item;
 
-        public IReferenceOrISignature(IReference item)
-        {
-            _item = item;
-        }
+        public IReferenceOrISignature(IReference item) => _item = item;
 
-        public IReferenceOrISignature(ISignature item)
-        {
-            _item = item;
-        }
+        public IReferenceOrISignature(ISignature item) => _item = item;
 
         // Used by implicit conversion
-        private IReferenceOrISignature(object? item)
-        {
-            _item = item;
-        }
+        private IReferenceOrISignature(object item) => _item = item;
 
         public static implicit operator IReferenceOrISignature(IReferenceOrISignatureEquivalent item)
             => new IReferenceOrISignature(item.AsObject());
@@ -112,8 +90,8 @@ public static implicit operator IReferenceOrISignature(IReferenceOrISignatureEqu
 
         public override bool Equals(object? obj) => false;
 
-        public override int GetHashCode() => _item?.GetHashCode() ?? 0;
+        public override int GetHashCode() => _item.GetHashCode();
 
-        public override string ToString() => _item?.ToString() ?? "null";
+        public override string ToString() => _item.ToString() ?? "null";
     }
 }