diff --git a/test/scan-test.cc b/test/scan-test.cc
index 70587561c92b5..76d75f1616be0 100644
--- a/test/scan-test.cc
+++ b/test/scan-test.cc
@@ -20,66 +20,50 @@ TEST(scan_test, read_text) {
   fmt::string_view s = "foo";
   auto end = fmt::scan_to(s, "foo");
   EXPECT_EQ(end, s.end());
-  EXPECT_THROW_MSG(fmt::scan_to("fob", "foo"), fmt::format_error,
+  EXPECT_THROW_MSG(fmt::scan<int>("fob", "foo"), fmt::format_error,
                    "invalid input");
 }
 
 TEST(scan_test, read_int) {
-  int n = 0;
-  fmt::scan_to("42", "{}", n);
-  EXPECT_EQ(n, 42);
-  fmt::scan_to("-42", "{}", n);
-  EXPECT_EQ(n, -42);
-  fmt::scan_to("42", "{:}", n);
-  EXPECT_EQ(n, 42);
-  EXPECT_THROW_MSG(fmt::scan_to(std::to_string(INT_MAX + 1u), "{}", n),
+  EXPECT_EQ(fmt::scan<int>("42", "{}")->value(), 42);
+  EXPECT_EQ(fmt::scan<int>("-42", "{}")->value(), -42);
+  EXPECT_EQ(fmt::scan<int>("42", "{:}")->value(), 42);
+  EXPECT_THROW_MSG(fmt::scan<int>(std::to_string(INT_MAX + 1u), "{}"),
                    fmt::format_error, "number is too big");
 }
 
-TEST(scan_test, read_longlong) {
-  long long n = 0;
-  fmt::scan_to("42", "{}", n);
-  EXPECT_EQ(n, 42);
-  fmt::scan_to("-42", "{}", n);
-  EXPECT_EQ(n, -42);
+TEST(scan_test, read_long_long) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(fmt::scan<long long>("42", "{}")->value(), 42);
+  EXPECT_EQ(fmt::scan<long long>("-42", "{}")->value(), -42);
 }
 
 TEST(scan_test, read_uint) {
-  unsigned n = 0;
-  fmt::scan_to("42", "{}", n);
-  EXPECT_EQ(n, 42);
-  EXPECT_THROW_MSG(fmt::scan_to("-42", "{}", n), fmt::format_error,
+  EXPECT_EQ(fmt::scan<unsigned>("42", "{}")->value(), 42);
+  EXPECT_THROW_MSG(fmt::scan<unsigned>("-42", "{}"), fmt::format_error,
                    "invalid input");
 }
 
-TEST(scan_test, read_ulonglong) {
-  unsigned long long n = 0;
-  fmt::scan_to("42", "{}", n);
-  EXPECT_EQ(n, 42);
-  EXPECT_THROW_MSG(fmt::scan_to("-42", "{}", n), fmt::format_error,
-                   "invalid input");
+TEST(scan_test, read_ulong_long) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(fmt::scan<unsigned long long>("42", "{}")->value(), 42);
+  EXPECT_THROW_MSG(fmt::scan<unsigned long long>("-42", "{}")->value(),
+                   fmt::format_error, "invalid input");
 }
 
 TEST(scan_test, read_hex) {
-  unsigned n = 0;
-  fmt::scan_to("2a", "{:x}", n);
-  EXPECT_EQ(n, 42);
+  EXPECT_EQ(fmt::scan<unsigned>("2a", "{:x}")->value(), 42);
   auto num_digits = std::numeric_limits<unsigned>::digits / 4;
   EXPECT_THROW_MSG(
-      fmt::scan_to(fmt::format("1{:0{}}", 0, num_digits), "{:x}", n),
+      fmt::scan<unsigned>(fmt::format("1{:0{}}", 0, num_digits), "{:x}")
+          ->value(),
       fmt::format_error, "number is too big");
 }
 
 TEST(scan_test, read_string) {
-  std::string s;
-  fmt::scan_to("foo", "{}", s);
-  EXPECT_EQ(s, "foo");
+  EXPECT_EQ(fmt::scan<std::string>("foo", "{}")->value(), "foo");
 }
 
 TEST(scan_test, read_string_view) {
-  fmt::string_view s;
-  fmt::scan_to("foo", "{}", s);
-  EXPECT_EQ(s, "foo");
+  EXPECT_EQ(fmt::scan<fmt::string_view>("foo", "{}")->value(), "foo");
 }
 
 TEST(scan_test, separator) {
@@ -109,16 +93,14 @@ template <> struct scanner<num> {
 
   template <class ScanContext>
   auto scan(num& n, ScanContext& ctx) const -> typename ScanContext::iterator {
-    // TODO: handle specifier
-    return fmt::scan(ctx, "{}", n.value);
+    return hex ? scan_to(ctx, "{:x}", n.value) : scan_to(ctx, "{}", n.value);
   }
 };
 }  // namespace fmt
 
 TEST(scan_test, read_custom) {
-  auto n = num();
-  fmt::scan_to("42", "{}", n);
-  EXPECT_EQ(n.value, 42);
+  EXPECT_EQ(fmt::scan<num>("42", "{}")->value().value, 42);
+  EXPECT_EQ(fmt::scan<num>("2a", "{:x}")->value().value, 42);
 }
 
 TEST(scan_test, invalid_format) {
@@ -136,10 +118,7 @@ TEST(scan_test, example) {
   EXPECT_EQ(value, 42);
 }
 
-TEST(scan_test, end_of_input) {
-  int value = 0;
-  fmt::scan_to("", "{}", value);
-}
+TEST(scan_test, end_of_input) { fmt::scan<int>("", "{}"); }
 
 #if FMT_USE_FCNTL
 TEST(scan_test, file) {
@@ -151,7 +130,7 @@ TEST(scan_test, file) {
 
   int n1 = 0, n2 = 0;
   fmt::buffered_file f = pipe.read_end.fdopen("r");
-  fmt::scan(f.get(), "{} {}", n1, n2);
+  fmt::scan_to(f.get(), "{} {}", n1, n2);
   EXPECT_EQ(n1, 10);
   EXPECT_EQ(n2, 20);
 }
@@ -170,7 +149,7 @@ TEST(scan_test, lock) {
   fmt::buffered_file f = pipe.read_end.fdopen("r");
   auto fun = [&]() {
     int value = 0;
-    while (fmt::scan(f.get(), "{}", value)) {
+    while (fmt::scan_to(f.get(), "{}", value)) {
       if (value != 42) {
         pipe.read_end.close();
         EXPECT_EQ(value, 42);
diff --git a/test/scan.h b/test/scan.h
index 006f7a2e69017..7b307575b7776 100644
--- a/test/scan.h
+++ b/test/scan.h
@@ -450,8 +450,7 @@ const char* parse_scan_specs(const char* begin, const char* end,
 }
 
 template <typename T, FMT_ENABLE_IF(std::is_unsigned<T>::value)>
-auto read(scan_iterator it, T& value)
-    -> scan_iterator {
+auto read(scan_iterator it, T& value) -> scan_iterator {
   if (it == scan_sentinel()) return it;
   char c = *it;
   if (c < '0' || c > '9') throw_format_error("invalid input");
@@ -484,8 +483,7 @@ auto read(scan_iterator it, T& value)
 }
 
 template <typename T, FMT_ENABLE_IF(std::is_unsigned<T>::value)>
-auto read_hex(scan_iterator it, T& value)
-    -> scan_iterator {
+auto read_hex(scan_iterator it, T& value) -> scan_iterator {
   if (it == scan_sentinel()) return it;
   int digit = to_hex_digit(*it);
   if (digit < 0) throw_format_error("invalid input");
@@ -510,13 +508,12 @@ auto read_hex(scan_iterator it, T& value)
 template <typename T, FMT_ENABLE_IF(std::is_unsigned<T>::value)>
 auto read(scan_iterator it, T& value, const format_specs<>& specs)
     -> scan_iterator {
-  if (specs.type == presentation_type::hex_lower)
-    return read_hex(it, value);
+  if (specs.type == presentation_type::hex_lower) return read_hex(it, value);
   return read(it, value);
 }
 
 template <typename T, FMT_ENABLE_IF(std::is_signed<T>::value)>
-auto read(scan_iterator it, T& value, const format_specs<>& = {})
+auto read(scan_iterator it, T& value, const format_specs<>& specs = {})
     -> scan_iterator {
   bool negative = it != scan_sentinel() && *it == '-';
   if (negative) {
@@ -525,7 +522,7 @@ auto read(scan_iterator it, T& value, const format_specs<>& = {})
   }
   using unsigned_type = typename std::make_unsigned<T>::type;
   unsigned_type abs_value = 0;
-  it = read(it, abs_value);
+  it = read(it, abs_value, specs);
   auto n = static_cast<T>(abs_value);
   value = negative ? -n : n;
   return it;
@@ -636,45 +633,42 @@ auto make_scan_args(T&... args) -> std::array<scan_arg, sizeof...(T)> {
   return {{args...}};
 }
 
-void vscan(detail::scan_buffer& buf, string_view fmt, scan_args args) {
-  auto h = detail::scan_handler(fmt, buf, args);
-  detail::parse_format_string<false>(fmt, h);
-}
-
-// Scans the input and stores the results (in)to args.
-template <typename... T>
-auto scan_to(string_view input, string_view fmt, T&... args)
-    -> string_view::iterator {
-  auto&& buf = detail::string_scan_buffer(input);
-  vscan(buf, fmt, make_scan_args(args...));
-  return input.begin() + (buf.begin().base() - input.data());
-}
-
-template <typename T>
-class scan_value {
+template <typename T> class scan_value {
  private:
   T value_;
 
  public:
   scan_value(T value) : value_(std::move(value)) {}
 
-  const T& value() const {
-    return value_;
-  }
+  const T& value() const { return value_; }
 };
 
 // A rudimentary version of std::expected for testing the API shape.
-template <typename T>
-class expected {
+template <typename T> class expected {
  private:
   T value_;
 
  public:
   expected(T value) : value_(std::move(value)) {}
+
+  const T* operator->() const { return &value_; }
 };
 
-template <typename T>
-using scan_result = expected<scan_value<T>>;
+template <typename T> using scan_result = expected<scan_value<T>>;
+
+void vscan(detail::scan_buffer& buf, string_view fmt, scan_args args) {
+  auto h = detail::scan_handler(fmt, buf, args);
+  detail::parse_format_string<false>(fmt, h);
+}
+
+// Scans the input and stores the results (in)to args.
+template <typename... T>
+auto scan_to(string_view input, string_view fmt, T&... args)
+    -> string_view::iterator {
+  auto&& buf = detail::string_scan_buffer(input);
+  vscan(buf, fmt, make_scan_args(args...));
+  return input.begin() + (buf.begin().base() - input.data());
+}
 
 template <typename T>
 auto scan(string_view input, string_view fmt) -> scan_result<T> {
@@ -686,14 +680,15 @@ auto scan(string_view input, string_view fmt) -> scan_result<T> {
 
 template <typename InputRange, typename... T,
           FMT_ENABLE_IF(!std::is_convertible<InputRange, string_view>::value)>
-auto scan(InputRange&& input, string_view fmt, T&... args)
+auto scan_to(InputRange&& input, string_view fmt, T&... args)
     -> decltype(std::begin(input)) {
   auto it = std::begin(input);
   vscan(get_buffer(it), fmt, make_scan_args(args...));
   return it;
 }
 
-template <typename... T> bool scan(std::FILE* f, string_view fmt, T&... args) {
+template <typename... T>
+bool scan_to(std::FILE* f, string_view fmt, T&... args) {
   auto&& buf = detail::file_scan_buffer(f);
   vscan(buf, fmt, make_scan_args(args...));
   return buf.begin() != buf.end();