sqlparser_bigquery.rs

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// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
// distributed with this work for additional information
// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
// specific language governing permissions and limitations
// under the License.

#[macro_use]
mod test_utils;

use std::ops::Deref;

use sqlparser::ast::*;
use sqlparser::dialect::{BigQueryDialect, GenericDialect};
use sqlparser::parser::{ParserError, ParserOptions};
use sqlparser::tokenizer::{Location, Span};
use test_utils::*;

#[test]
fn parse_literal_string() {
    let sql = concat!(
        "SELECT ",
        "'single', ",
        r#""double", "#,
        "'''triple-single''', ",
        r#""""triple-double""", "#,
        r#"'single\'escaped', "#,
        r#"'''triple-single\'escaped''', "#,
        r#"'''triple-single'unescaped''', "#,
        r#""double\"escaped", "#,
        r#""""triple-double\"escaped""", "#,
        r#""""triple-double"unescaped""""#,
    );
    let dialect = TestedDialects::new_with_options(
        vec![Box::new(BigQueryDialect {})],
        ParserOptions::new().with_unescape(false),
    );
    let select = dialect.verified_only_select(sql);
    assert_eq!(10, select.projection.len());
    assert_eq!(
        &Expr::Value(Value::SingleQuotedString("single".to_string())),
        expr_from_projection(&select.projection[0])
    );
    assert_eq!(
        &Expr::Value(Value::DoubleQuotedString("double".to_string())),
        expr_from_projection(&select.projection[1])
    );
    assert_eq!(
        &Expr::Value(Value::TripleSingleQuotedString("triple-single".to_string())),
        expr_from_projection(&select.projection[2])
    );
    assert_eq!(
        &Expr::Value(Value::TripleDoubleQuotedString("triple-double".to_string())),
        expr_from_projection(&select.projection[3])
    );
    assert_eq!(
        &Expr::Value(Value::SingleQuotedString(r#"single\'escaped"#.to_string())),
        expr_from_projection(&select.projection[4])
    );
    assert_eq!(
        &Expr::Value(Value::TripleSingleQuotedString(
            r#"triple-single\'escaped"#.to_string()
        )),
        expr_from_projection(&select.projection[5])
    );
    assert_eq!(
        &Expr::Value(Value::TripleSingleQuotedString(
            r#"triple-single'unescaped"#.to_string()
        )),
        expr_from_projection(&select.projection[6])
    );
    assert_eq!(
        &Expr::Value(Value::DoubleQuotedString(r#"double\"escaped"#.to_string())),
        expr_from_projection(&select.projection[7])
    );
    assert_eq!(
        &Expr::Value(Value::TripleDoubleQuotedString(
            r#"triple-double\"escaped"#.to_string()
        )),
        expr_from_projection(&select.projection[8])
    );
    assert_eq!(
        &Expr::Value(Value::TripleDoubleQuotedString(
            r#"triple-double"unescaped"#.to_string()
        )),
        expr_from_projection(&select.projection[9])
    );
}

#[test]
fn parse_byte_literal() {
    let sql = concat!(
        "SELECT ",
        "B'abc', ",
        r#"B"abc", "#,
        r#"B'f\(abc,(.*),def\)', "#,
        r#"B"f\(abc,(.*),def\)", "#,
        r#"B'''abc''', "#,
        r#"B"""abc""""#,
    );
    let stmt = bigquery().verified_stmt(sql);
    if let Statement::Query(query) = stmt {
        if let SetExpr::Select(select) = *query.body {
            assert_eq!(6, select.projection.len());
            assert_eq!(
                &Expr::Value(Value::SingleQuotedByteStringLiteral("abc".to_string())),
                expr_from_projection(&select.projection[0])
            );
            assert_eq!(
                &Expr::Value(Value::DoubleQuotedByteStringLiteral("abc".to_string())),
                expr_from_projection(&select.projection[1])
            );
            assert_eq!(
                &Expr::Value(Value::SingleQuotedByteStringLiteral(
                    r"f\(abc,(.*),def\)".to_string()
                )),
                expr_from_projection(&select.projection[2])
            );
            assert_eq!(
                &Expr::Value(Value::DoubleQuotedByteStringLiteral(
                    r"f\(abc,(.*),def\)".to_string()
                )),
                expr_from_projection(&select.projection[3])
            );
            assert_eq!(
                &Expr::Value(Value::TripleSingleQuotedByteStringLiteral(
                    r"abc".to_string()
                )),
                expr_from_projection(&select.projection[4])
            );
            assert_eq!(
                &Expr::Value(Value::TripleDoubleQuotedByteStringLiteral(
                    r"abc".to_string()
                )),
                expr_from_projection(&select.projection[5])
            );
        }
    } else {
        panic!("invalid query");
    }

    bigquery().one_statement_parses_to(
        r#"SELECT b'123', b"123", b'''123''', b"""123""""#,
        r#"SELECT B'123', B"123", B'''123''', B"""123""""#,
    );
}

#[test]
fn parse_raw_literal() {
    let sql = concat!(
        "SELECT ",
        "R'abc', ",
        r#"R"abc", "#,
        r#"R'f\(abc,(.*),def\)', "#,
        r#"R"f\(abc,(.*),def\)", "#,
        r#"R'''abc''', "#,
        r#"R"""abc""""#,
    );
    let stmt = bigquery().verified_stmt(sql);
    if let Statement::Query(query) = stmt {
        if let SetExpr::Select(select) = *query.body {
            assert_eq!(6, select.projection.len());
            assert_eq!(
                &Expr::Value(Value::SingleQuotedRawStringLiteral("abc".to_string())),
                expr_from_projection(&select.projection[0])
            );
            assert_eq!(
                &Expr::Value(Value::DoubleQuotedRawStringLiteral("abc".to_string())),
                expr_from_projection(&select.projection[1])
            );
            assert_eq!(
                &Expr::Value(Value::SingleQuotedRawStringLiteral(
                    r"f\(abc,(.*),def\)".to_string()
                )),
                expr_from_projection(&select.projection[2])
            );
            assert_eq!(
                &Expr::Value(Value::DoubleQuotedRawStringLiteral(
                    r"f\(abc,(.*),def\)".to_string()
                )),
                expr_from_projection(&select.projection[3])
            );
            assert_eq!(
                &Expr::Value(Value::TripleSingleQuotedRawStringLiteral(
                    r"abc".to_string()
                )),
                expr_from_projection(&select.projection[4])
            );
            assert_eq!(
                &Expr::Value(Value::TripleDoubleQuotedRawStringLiteral(
                    r"abc".to_string()
                )),
                expr_from_projection(&select.projection[5])
            );
        }
    } else {
        panic!("invalid query");
    }

    bigquery().one_statement_parses_to(
        r#"SELECT r'123', r"123", r'''123''', r"""123""""#,
        r#"SELECT R'123', R"123", R'''123''', R"""123""""#,
    );
}

#[test]
fn parse_delete_statement() {
    let sql = "DELETE \"table\" WHERE 1";
    match bigquery_and_generic().verified_stmt(sql) {
        Statement::Delete(Delete {
            from: FromTable::WithoutKeyword(from),
            ..
        }) => {
            assert_eq!(
                table_from_name(ObjectName(vec![Ident::with_quote('"', "table")])),
                from[0].relation
            );
        }
        _ => unreachable!(),
    }
}

#[test]
fn parse_create_view_with_options() {
    let sql = concat!(
        "CREATE VIEW myproject.mydataset.newview ",
        r#"(name, age OPTIONS(description = "field age")) "#,
        r#"OPTIONS(expiration_timestamp = TIMESTAMP_ADD(CURRENT_TIMESTAMP(), INTERVAL 48 HOUR), "#,
        r#"friendly_name = "newview", description = "a view that expires in 2 days", labels = [("org_unit", "development")]) "#,
        "AS SELECT column_1, column_2, column_3 FROM myproject.mydataset.mytable",
    );
    match bigquery().verified_stmt(sql) {
        Statement::CreateView {
            name,
            query,
            options,
            columns,
            ..
        } => {
            assert_eq!(
                name,
                ObjectName(vec![
                    "myproject".into(),
                    "mydataset".into(),
                    "newview".into()
                ])
            );
            assert_eq!(
                vec![
                    ViewColumnDef {
                        name: Ident::new("name"),
                        data_type: None,
                        options: None,
                    },
                    ViewColumnDef {
                        name: Ident::new("age"),
                        data_type: None,
                        options: Some(vec![ColumnOption::Options(vec![SqlOption::KeyValue {
                            key: Ident::new("description"),
                            value: Expr::Value(Value::DoubleQuotedString("field age".to_string())),
                        }])]),
                    },
                ],
                columns
            );
            assert_eq!(
                "SELECT column_1, column_2, column_3 FROM myproject.mydataset.mytable",
                query.to_string()
            );
            assert_eq!(
                r#"OPTIONS(expiration_timestamp = TIMESTAMP_ADD(CURRENT_TIMESTAMP(), INTERVAL 48 HOUR), friendly_name = "newview", description = "a view that expires in 2 days", labels = [("org_unit", "development")])"#,
                options.to_string()
            );
            let CreateTableOptions::Options(options) = options else {
                unreachable!()
            };
            assert_eq!(
                &SqlOption::KeyValue {
                    key: Ident::new("description"),
                    value: Expr::Value(Value::DoubleQuotedString(
                        "a view that expires in 2 days".to_string()
                    )),
                },
                &options[2],
            );
        }
        _ => unreachable!(),
    }
}
#[test]
fn parse_create_view_if_not_exists() {
    let sql = "CREATE VIEW IF NOT EXISTS mydataset.newview AS SELECT foo FROM bar";
    match bigquery().verified_stmt(sql) {
        Statement::CreateView {
            name,
            columns,
            query,
            or_replace,
            materialized,
            options,
            cluster_by,
            comment,
            with_no_schema_binding: late_binding,
            if_not_exists,
            temporary,
            ..
        } => {
            assert_eq!("mydataset.newview", name.to_string());
            assert_eq!(Vec::<ViewColumnDef>::new(), columns);
            assert_eq!("SELECT foo FROM bar", query.to_string());
            assert!(!materialized);
            assert!(!or_replace);
            assert_eq!(options, CreateTableOptions::None);
            assert_eq!(cluster_by, vec![]);
            assert!(comment.is_none());
            assert!(!late_binding);
            assert!(if_not_exists);
            assert!(!temporary);
        }
        _ => unreachable!(),
    }
}

#[test]
fn parse_create_view_with_unquoted_hyphen() {
    let sql = "CREATE VIEW IF NOT EXISTS my-pro-ject.mydataset.myview AS SELECT 1";
    match bigquery().verified_stmt(sql) {
        Statement::CreateView {
            name,
            query,
            if_not_exists,
            ..
        } => {
            assert_eq!("my-pro-ject.mydataset.myview", name.to_string());
            assert_eq!("SELECT 1", query.to_string());
            assert!(if_not_exists);
        }
        _ => unreachable!(),
    }
}

#[test]
fn parse_create_table_with_unquoted_hyphen() {
    let sql = "CREATE TABLE my-pro-ject.mydataset.mytable (x INT64)";
    match bigquery().verified_stmt(sql) {
        Statement::CreateTable(CreateTable { name, columns, .. }) => {
            assert_eq!(
                name,
                ObjectName(vec![
                    "my-pro-ject".into(),
                    "mydataset".into(),
                    "mytable".into()
                ])
            );
            assert_eq!(
                vec![ColumnDef {
                    name: Ident::new("x"),
                    data_type: DataType::Int64,
                    collation: None,
                    options: vec![]
                },],
                columns
            );
        }
        _ => unreachable!(),
    }
}

#[test]
fn parse_create_table_with_options() {
    let sql = concat!(
        "CREATE TABLE mydataset.newtable ",
        r#"(x INT64 NOT NULL OPTIONS(description = "field x"), "#,
        r#"y BOOL OPTIONS(description = "field y")) "#,
        "PARTITION BY _PARTITIONDATE ",
        "CLUSTER BY userid, age ",
        r#"OPTIONS(partition_expiration_days = 1, description = "table option description")"#
    );
    match bigquery().verified_stmt(sql) {
        Statement::CreateTable(CreateTable {
            name,
            columns,
            partition_by,
            cluster_by,
            options,
            ..
        }) => {
            assert_eq!(
                name,
                ObjectName(vec!["mydataset".into(), "newtable".into()])
            );
            assert_eq!(
                vec![
                    ColumnDef {
                        name: Ident::new("x"),
                        data_type: DataType::Int64,
                        collation: None,
                        options: vec![
                            ColumnOptionDef {
                                name: None,
                                option: ColumnOption::NotNull,
                            },
                            ColumnOptionDef {
                                name: None,
                                option: ColumnOption::Options(vec![SqlOption::KeyValue {
                                    key: Ident::new("description"),
                                    value: Expr::Value(Value::DoubleQuotedString(
                                        "field x".to_string()
                                    )),
                                },])
                            },
                        ]
                    },
                    ColumnDef {
                        name: Ident::new("y"),
                        data_type: DataType::Bool,
                        collation: None,
                        options: vec![ColumnOptionDef {
                            name: None,
                            option: ColumnOption::Options(vec![SqlOption::KeyValue {
                                key: Ident::new("description"),
                                value: Expr::Value(Value::DoubleQuotedString(
                                    "field y".to_string()
                                )),
                            },])
                        }]
                    },
                ],
                columns
            );
            assert_eq!(
                (
                    Some(Box::new(Expr::Identifier(Ident::new("_PARTITIONDATE")))),
                    Some(WrappedCollection::NoWrapping(vec![
                        Ident::new("userid"),
                        Ident::new("age"),
                    ])),
                    Some(vec![
                        SqlOption::KeyValue {
                            key: Ident::new("partition_expiration_days"),
                            value: Expr::Value(number("1")),
                        },
                        SqlOption::KeyValue {
                            key: Ident::new("description"),
                            value: Expr::Value(Value::DoubleQuotedString(
                                "table option description".to_string()
                            )),
                        },
                    ])
                ),
                (partition_by, cluster_by, options)
            )
        }
        _ => unreachable!(),
    }

    let sql = concat!(
        "CREATE TABLE mydataset.newtable ",
        r#"(x INT64 NOT NULL OPTIONS(description = "field x"), "#,
        r#"y BOOL OPTIONS(description = "field y")) "#,
        "CLUSTER BY userid ",
        r#"OPTIONS(partition_expiration_days = 1, "#,
        r#"description = "table option description")"#
    );
    bigquery().verified_stmt(sql);
}

#[test]
fn parse_nested_data_types() {
    let sql = "CREATE TABLE table (x STRUCT<a ARRAY<INT64>, b BYTES(42)>, y ARRAY<STRUCT<INT64>>)";
    match bigquery_and_generic().one_statement_parses_to(sql, sql) {
        Statement::CreateTable(CreateTable { name, columns, .. }) => {
            assert_eq!(name, ObjectName(vec!["table".into()]));
            assert_eq!(
                columns,
                vec![
                    ColumnDef {
                        name: Ident::new("x"),
                        data_type: DataType::Struct(
                            vec![
                                StructField {
                                    field_name: Some("a".into()),
                                    field_type: DataType::Array(ArrayElemTypeDef::AngleBracket(
                                        Box::new(DataType::Int64,)
                                    ))
                                },
                                StructField {
                                    field_name: Some("b".into()),
                                    field_type: DataType::Bytes(Some(42))
                                },
                            ],
                            StructBracketKind::AngleBrackets
                        ),
                        collation: None,
                        options: vec![],
                    },
                    ColumnDef {
                        name: Ident::new("y"),
                        data_type: DataType::Array(ArrayElemTypeDef::AngleBracket(Box::new(
                            DataType::Struct(
                                vec![StructField {
                                    field_name: None,
                                    field_type: DataType::Int64,
                                }],
                                StructBracketKind::AngleBrackets
                            ),
                        ))),
                        collation: None,
                        options: vec![],
                    },
                ]
            );
        }
        _ => unreachable!(),
    }
}

#[test]
fn parse_invalid_brackets() {
    let sql = "SELECT STRUCT<INT64>>(NULL)";
    assert_eq!(
        bigquery_and_generic()
            .parse_sql_statements(sql)
            .unwrap_err(),
        ParserError::ParserError("unmatched > in STRUCT literal".to_string())
    );

    let sql = "SELECT STRUCT<STRUCT<INT64>>>(NULL)";
    assert_eq!(
        bigquery_and_generic()
            .parse_sql_statements(sql)
            .unwrap_err(),
        ParserError::ParserError("Expected: (, found: >".to_string())
    );

    let sql = "CREATE TABLE table (x STRUCT<STRUCT<INT64>>>)";
    assert_eq!(
        bigquery_and_generic()
            .parse_sql_statements(sql)
            .unwrap_err(),
        ParserError::ParserError(
            "Expected: ',' or ')' after column definition, found: >".to_string()
        )
    );
}

#[test]
fn parse_tuple_struct_literal() {
    // tuple syntax: https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/data-types#tuple_syntax
    // syntax: (expr1, expr2 [, ... ])
    let sql = "SELECT (1, 2, 3), (1, 1.0, '123', true)";
    let select = bigquery().verified_only_select(sql);
    assert_eq!(2, select.projection.len());
    assert_eq!(
        &Expr::Tuple(vec![
            Expr::Value(number("1")),
            Expr::Value(number("2")),
            Expr::Value(number("3")),
        ]),
        expr_from_projection(&select.projection[0])
    );
    assert_eq!(
        &Expr::Tuple(vec![
            Expr::Value(number("1")),
            Expr::Value(number("1.0")),
            Expr::Value(Value::SingleQuotedString("123".to_string())),
            Expr::Value(Value::Boolean(true))
        ]),
        expr_from_projection(&select.projection[1])
    );
}

#[test]
fn parse_typeless_struct_syntax() {
    // typeless struct syntax https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/data-types#typeless_struct_syntax
    // syntax: STRUCT( expr1 [AS field_name] [, ... ])
    let sql = "SELECT STRUCT(1, 2, 3), STRUCT('abc'), STRUCT(1, t.str_col), STRUCT(1 AS a, 'abc' AS b), STRUCT(str_col AS abc)";
    let select = bigquery_and_generic().verified_only_select(sql);
    assert_eq!(5, select.projection.len());
    assert_eq!(
        &Expr::Struct {
            values: vec![
                Expr::Value(number("1")),
                Expr::Value(number("2")),
                Expr::Value(number("3")),
            ],
            fields: Default::default()
        },
        expr_from_projection(&select.projection[0])
    );

    assert_eq!(
        &Expr::Struct {
            values: vec![Expr::Value(Value::SingleQuotedString("abc".to_string())),],
            fields: Default::default()
        },
        expr_from_projection(&select.projection[1])
    );
    assert_eq!(
        &Expr::Struct {
            values: vec![
                Expr::Value(number("1")),
                Expr::CompoundIdentifier(vec![Ident::from("t"), Ident::from("str_col")]),
            ],
            fields: Default::default()
        },
        expr_from_projection(&select.projection[2])
    );
    assert_eq!(
        &Expr::Struct {
            values: vec![
                Expr::Named {
                    expr: Expr::Value(number("1")).into(),
                    name: Ident::from("a")
                },
                Expr::Named {
                    expr: Expr::Value(Value::SingleQuotedString("abc".to_string())).into(),
                    name: Ident::from("b")
                },
            ],
            fields: Default::default()
        },
        expr_from_projection(&select.projection[3])
    );
    assert_eq!(
        &Expr::Struct {
            values: vec![Expr::Named {
                expr: Expr::Identifier(Ident::from("str_col")).into(),
                name: Ident::from("abc")
            }],
            fields: Default::default()
        },
        expr_from_projection(&select.projection[4])
    );
}

#[test]
fn parse_typed_struct_syntax_bigquery() {
    // typed struct syntax https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/data-types#typed_struct_syntax
    // syntax: STRUCT<[field_name] field_type, ...>( expr1 [, ... ])

    let sql = r#"SELECT STRUCT<INT64>(5), STRUCT<x INT64, y STRING>(1, t.str_col), STRUCT<arr ARRAY<FLOAT64>, str STRUCT<BOOL>>(nested_col)"#;
    let select = bigquery().verified_only_select(sql);
    assert_eq!(3, select.projection.len());
    assert_eq!(
        &Expr::Struct {
            values: vec![Expr::Value(number("5")),],
            fields: vec![StructField {
                field_name: None,
                field_type: DataType::Int64,
            }]
        },
        expr_from_projection(&select.projection[0])
    );
    assert_eq!(
        &Expr::Struct {
            values: vec![
                Expr::Value(number("1")),
                Expr::CompoundIdentifier(vec![
                    Ident {
                        value: "t".into(),
                        quote_style: None,
                        span: Span::empty(),
                    },
                    Ident {
                        value: "str_col".into(),
                        quote_style: None,
                        span: Span::empty(),
                    },
                ]),
            ],
            fields: vec![
                StructField {
                    field_name: Some(Ident {
                        value: "x".into(),
                        quote_style: None,
                        span: Span::empty(),
                    }),
                    field_type: DataType::Int64
                },
                StructField {
                    field_name: Some(Ident {
                        value: "y".into(),
                        quote_style: None,
                        span: Span::empty(),
                    }),
                    field_type: DataType::String(None)
                },
            ]
        },
        expr_from_projection(&select.projection[1])
    );
    assert_eq!(
        &Expr::Struct {
            values: vec![Expr::Identifier(Ident {
                value: "nested_col".into(),
                quote_style: None,
                span: Span::empty(),
            }),],
            fields: vec![
                StructField {
                    field_name: Some("arr".into()),
                    field_type: DataType::Array(ArrayElemTypeDef::AngleBracket(Box::new(
                        DataType::Float64
                    )))
                },
                StructField {
                    field_name: Some("str".into()),
                    field_type: DataType::Struct(
                        vec![StructField {
                            field_name: None,
                            field_type: DataType::Bool
                        }],
                        StructBracketKind::AngleBrackets
                    )
                },
            ]
        },
        expr_from_projection(&select.projection[2])
    );

    let sql = r#"SELECT STRUCT<x STRUCT, y ARRAY<STRUCT>>(nested_col)"#;
    let select = bigquery().verified_only_select(sql);
    assert_eq!(1, select.projection.len());
    assert_eq!(
        &Expr::Struct {
            values: vec![Expr::Identifier(Ident {
                value: "nested_col".into(),
                quote_style: None,
                span: Span::empty(),
            }),],
            fields: vec![
                StructField {
                    field_name: Some("x".into()),
                    field_type: DataType::Struct(
                        Default::default(),
                        StructBracketKind::AngleBrackets
                    )
                },
                StructField {
                    field_name: Some("y".into()),
                    field_type: DataType::Array(ArrayElemTypeDef::AngleBracket(Box::new(
                        DataType::Struct(Default::default(), StructBracketKind::AngleBrackets)
                    )))
                },
            ]
        },
        expr_from_projection(&select.projection[0])
    );

    let sql = r#"SELECT STRUCT<BOOL>(true), STRUCT<BYTES(42)>(B'abc')"#;
    let select = bigquery().verified_only_select(sql);
    assert_eq!(2, select.projection.len());
    assert_eq!(
        &Expr::Struct {
            values: vec![Expr::Value(Value::Boolean(true)),],
            fields: vec![StructField {
                field_name: None,
                field_type: DataType::Bool
            }]
        },
        expr_from_projection(&select.projection[0])
    );
    assert_eq!(
        &Expr::Struct {
            values: vec![Expr::Value(Value::SingleQuotedByteStringLiteral(
                "abc".into()
            )),],
            fields: vec![StructField {
                field_name: None,
                field_type: DataType::Bytes(Some(42))
            }]
        },
        expr_from_projection(&select.projection[1])
    );

    let sql = r#"SELECT STRUCT<DATE>("2011-05-05"), STRUCT<DATETIME>(DATETIME '1999-01-01 01:23:34.45'), STRUCT<FLOAT64>(5.0), STRUCT<INT64>(1)"#;
    let select = bigquery().verified_only_select(sql);
    assert_eq!(4, select.projection.len());
    assert_eq!(
        &Expr::Struct {
            values: vec![Expr::Value(Value::DoubleQuotedString(
                "2011-05-05".to_string()
            )),],
            fields: vec![StructField {
                field_name: None,
                field_type: DataType::Date
            }]
        },
        expr_from_projection(&select.projection[0])
    );
    assert_eq!(
        &Expr::Struct {
            values: vec![Expr::TypedString {
                data_type: DataType::Datetime(None),
                value: "1999-01-01 01:23:34.45".to_string()
            },],
            fields: vec![StructField {
                field_name: None,
                field_type: DataType::Datetime(None)
            }]
        },
        expr_from_projection(&select.projection[1])
    );
    assert_eq!(
        &Expr::Struct {
            values: vec![Expr::Value(number("5.0")),],
            fields: vec![StructField {
                field_name: None,
                field_type: DataType::Float64
            }]
        },
        expr_from_projection(&select.projection[2])
    );
    assert_eq!(
        &Expr::Struct {
            values: vec![Expr::Value(number("1")),],
            fields: vec![StructField {
                field_name: None,
                field_type: DataType::Int64
            }]
        },
        expr_from_projection(&select.projection[3])
    );

    let sql = r#"SELECT STRUCT<INTERVAL>(INTERVAL '2' HOUR), STRUCT<JSON>(JSON '{"class" : {"students" : [{"name" : "Jane"}]}}')"#;
    let select = bigquery().verified_only_select(sql);
    assert_eq!(2, select.projection.len());
    assert_eq!(
        &Expr::Struct {
            values: vec![Expr::Interval(Interval {
                value: Box::new(Expr::Value(Value::SingleQuotedString("2".to_string()))),
                leading_field: Some(DateTimeField::Hour),
                leading_precision: None,
                last_field: None,
                fractional_seconds_precision: None
            }),],
            fields: vec![StructField {
                field_name: None,
                field_type: DataType::Interval
            }]
        },
        expr_from_projection(&select.projection[0])
    );
    assert_eq!(
        &Expr::Struct {
            values: vec![Expr::TypedString {
                data_type: DataType::JSON,
                value: r#"{"class" : {"students" : [{"name" : "Jane"}]}}"#.to_string()
            },],
            fields: vec![StructField {
                field_name: None,
                field_type: DataType::JSON
            }]
        },
        expr_from_projection(&select.projection[1])
    );

    let sql = r#"SELECT STRUCT<STRING(42)>("foo"), STRUCT<TIMESTAMP>(TIMESTAMP '2008-12-25 15:30:00 America/Los_Angeles'), STRUCT<TIME>(TIME '15:30:00')"#;
    let select = bigquery().verified_only_select(sql);
    assert_eq!(3, select.projection.len());
    assert_eq!(
        &Expr::Struct {
            values: vec![Expr::Value(Value::DoubleQuotedString("foo".to_string())),],
            fields: vec![StructField {
                field_name: None,
                field_type: DataType::String(Some(42))
            }]
        },
        expr_from_projection(&select.projection[0])
    );
    assert_eq!(
        &Expr::Struct {
            values: vec![Expr::TypedString {
                data_type: DataType::Timestamp(None, TimezoneInfo::None),
                value: "2008-12-25 15:30:00 America/Los_Angeles".to_string()
            },],
            fields: vec![StructField {
                field_name: None,
                field_type: DataType::Timestamp(None, TimezoneInfo::None)
            }]
        },
        expr_from_projection(&select.projection[1])
    );

    assert_eq!(
        &Expr::Struct {
            values: vec![Expr::TypedString {
                data_type: DataType::Time(None, TimezoneInfo::None),
                value: "15:30:00".to_string()
            },],
            fields: vec![StructField {
                field_name: None,
                field_type: DataType::Time(None, TimezoneInfo::None)
            }]
        },
        expr_from_projection(&select.projection[2])
    );

    let sql = r#"SELECT STRUCT<NUMERIC>(NUMERIC '1'), STRUCT<BIGNUMERIC>(BIGNUMERIC '1')"#;
    let select = bigquery().verified_only_select(sql);
    assert_eq!(2, select.projection.len());
    assert_eq!(
        &Expr::Struct {
            values: vec![Expr::TypedString {
                data_type: DataType::Numeric(ExactNumberInfo::None),
                value: "1".to_string()
            },],
            fields: vec![StructField {
                field_name: None,
                field_type: DataType::Numeric(ExactNumberInfo::None)
            }]
        },
        expr_from_projection(&select.projection[0])
    );
    assert_eq!(
        &Expr::Struct {
            values: vec![Expr::TypedString {
                data_type: DataType::BigNumeric(ExactNumberInfo::None),
                value: "1".to_string()
            },],
            fields: vec![StructField {
                field_name: None,
                field_type: DataType::BigNumeric(ExactNumberInfo::None)
            }]
        },
        expr_from_projection(&select.projection[1])
    );

    // Keywords in the parser may be used as field names.
    let sql = r#"SELECT STRUCT<key INT64, value INT64>(1, 2)"#;
    let select = bigquery().verified_only_select(sql);
    assert_eq!(1, select.projection.len());
    assert_eq!(
        &Expr::Struct {
            values: vec![Expr::Value(number("1")), Expr::Value(number("2")),],
            fields: vec![
                StructField {
                    field_name: Some("key".into()),
                    field_type: DataType::Int64,
                },
                StructField {
                    field_name: Some("value".into()),
                    field_type: DataType::Int64,
                },
            ]
        },
        expr_from_projection(&select.projection[0])
    );
}

#[test]
fn parse_typed_struct_syntax_bigquery_and_generic() {
    // typed struct syntax https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/data-types#typed_struct_syntax
    // syntax: STRUCT<[field_name] field_type, ...>( expr1 [, ... ])

    let sql = r#"SELECT STRUCT<INT64>(5), STRUCT<x INT64, y STRING>(1, t.str_col), STRUCT<arr ARRAY<FLOAT64>, str STRUCT<BOOL>>(nested_col)"#;
    let select = bigquery_and_generic().verified_only_select(sql);
    assert_eq!(3, select.projection.len());
    assert_eq!(
        &Expr::Struct {
            values: vec![Expr::Value(number("5")),],
            fields: vec![StructField {
                field_name: None,
                field_type: DataType::Int64,
            }]
        },
        expr_from_projection(&select.projection[0])
    );
    assert_eq!(
        &Expr::Struct {
            values: vec![
                Expr::Value(number("1")),
                Expr::CompoundIdentifier(vec![
                    Ident {
                        value: "t".into(),
                        quote_style: None,
                        span: Span::empty(),
                    },
                    Ident {
                        value: "str_col".into(),
                        quote_style: None,
                        span: Span::empty(),
                    },
                ]),
            ],
            fields: vec![
                StructField {
                    field_name: Some(Ident {
                        value: "x".into(),
                        quote_style: None,
                        span: Span::empty(),
                    }),
                    field_type: DataType::Int64
                },
                StructField {
                    field_name: Some(Ident {
                        value: "y".into(),
                        quote_style: None,
                        span: Span::empty(),
                    }),
                    field_type: DataType::String(None)
                },
            ]
        },
        expr_from_projection(&select.projection[1])
    );
    assert_eq!(
        &Expr::Struct {
            values: vec![Expr::Identifier(Ident {
                value: "nested_col".into(),
                quote_style: None,
                span: Span::empty(),
            }),],
            fields: vec![
                StructField {
                    field_name: Some("arr".into()),
                    field_type: DataType::Array(ArrayElemTypeDef::AngleBracket(Box::new(
                        DataType::Float64
                    )))
                },
                StructField {
                    field_name: Some("str".into()),
                    field_type: DataType::Struct(
                        vec![StructField {
                            field_name: None,
                            field_type: DataType::Bool
                        }],
                        StructBracketKind::AngleBrackets
                    )
                },
            ]
        },
        expr_from_projection(&select.projection[2])
    );

    let sql = r#"SELECT STRUCT<x STRUCT, y ARRAY<STRUCT>>(nested_col)"#;
    let select = bigquery_and_generic().verified_only_select(sql);
    assert_eq!(1, select.projection.len());
    assert_eq!(
        &Expr::Struct {
            values: vec![Expr::Identifier(Ident {
                value: "nested_col".into(),
                quote_style: None,
                span: Span::empty(),
            }),],
            fields: vec![
                StructField {
                    field_name: Some("x".into()),
                    field_type: DataType::Struct(
                        Default::default(),
                        StructBracketKind::AngleBrackets
                    )
                },
                StructField {
                    field_name: Some("y".into()),
                    field_type: DataType::Array(ArrayElemTypeDef::AngleBracket(Box::new(
                        DataType::Struct(Default::default(), StructBracketKind::AngleBrackets)
                    )))
                },
            ]
        },
        expr_from_projection(&select.projection[0])
    );

    let sql = r#"SELECT STRUCT<BOOL>(true), STRUCT<BYTES(42)>(B'abc')"#;
    let select = bigquery_and_generic().verified_only_select(sql);
    assert_eq!(2, select.projection.len());
    assert_eq!(
        &Expr::Struct {
            values: vec![Expr::Value(Value::Boolean(true)),],
            fields: vec![StructField {
                field_name: None,
                field_type: DataType::Bool
            }]
        },
        expr_from_projection(&select.projection[0])
    );
    assert_eq!(
        &Expr::Struct {
            values: vec![Expr::Value(Value::SingleQuotedByteStringLiteral(
                "abc".into()
            )),],
            fields: vec![StructField {
                field_name: None,
                field_type: DataType::Bytes(Some(42))
            }]
        },
        expr_from_projection(&select.projection[1])
    );

    let sql = r#"SELECT STRUCT<DATE>('2011-05-05'), STRUCT<DATETIME>(DATETIME '1999-01-01 01:23:34.45'), STRUCT<FLOAT64>(5.0), STRUCT<INT64>(1)"#;
    let select = bigquery_and_generic().verified_only_select(sql);
    assert_eq!(4, select.projection.len());
    assert_eq!(
        &Expr::Struct {
            values: vec![Expr::Value(Value::SingleQuotedString(
                "2011-05-05".to_string()
            )),],
            fields: vec![StructField {
                field_name: None,
                field_type: DataType::Date
            }]
        },
        expr_from_projection(&select.projection[0])
    );
    assert_eq!(
        &Expr::Struct {
            values: vec![Expr::TypedString {
                data_type: DataType::Datetime(None),
                value: "1999-01-01 01:23:34.45".to_string()
            },],
            fields: vec![StructField {
                field_name: None,
                field_type: DataType::Datetime(None)
            }]
        },
        expr_from_projection(&select.projection[1])
    );
    assert_eq!(
        &Expr::Struct {
            values: vec![Expr::Value(number("5.0")),],
            fields: vec![StructField {
                field_name: None,
                field_type: DataType::Float64
            }]
        },
        expr_from_projection(&select.projection[2])
    );
    assert_eq!(
        &Expr::Struct {
            values: vec![Expr::Value(number("1")),],
            fields: vec![StructField {
                field_name: None,
                field_type: DataType::Int64
            }]
        },
        expr_from_projection(&select.projection[3])
    );

    let sql = r#"SELECT STRUCT<INTERVAL>(INTERVAL '1' MONTH), STRUCT<JSON>(JSON '{"class" : {"students" : [{"name" : "Jane"}]}}')"#;
    let select = bigquery_and_generic().verified_only_select(sql);
    assert_eq!(2, select.projection.len());
    assert_eq!(
        &Expr::Struct {
            values: vec![Expr::Interval(Interval {
                value: Box::new(Expr::Value(Value::SingleQuotedString("1".to_string()))),
                leading_field: Some(DateTimeField::Month),
                leading_precision: None,
                last_field: None,
                fractional_seconds_precision: None
            }),],
            fields: vec![StructField {
                field_name: None,
                field_type: DataType::Interval
            }]
        },
        expr_from_projection(&select.projection[0])
    );
    assert_eq!(
        &Expr::Struct {
            values: vec![Expr::TypedString {
                data_type: DataType::JSON,
                value: r#"{"class" : {"students" : [{"name" : "Jane"}]}}"#.to_string()
            },],
            fields: vec![StructField {
                field_name: None,
                field_type: DataType::JSON
            }]
        },
        expr_from_projection(&select.projection[1])
    );

    let sql = r#"SELECT STRUCT<STRING(42)>('foo'), STRUCT<TIMESTAMP>(TIMESTAMP '2008-12-25 15:30:00 America/Los_Angeles'), STRUCT<TIME>(TIME '15:30:00')"#;
    let select = bigquery_and_generic().verified_only_select(sql);
    assert_eq!(3, select.projection.len());
    assert_eq!(
        &Expr::Struct {
            values: vec![Expr::Value(Value::SingleQuotedString("foo".to_string())),],
            fields: vec![StructField {
                field_name: None,
                field_type: DataType::String(Some(42))
            }]
        },
        expr_from_projection(&select.projection[0])
    );
    assert_eq!(
        &Expr::Struct {
            values: vec![Expr::TypedString {
                data_type: DataType::Timestamp(None, TimezoneInfo::None),
                value: "2008-12-25 15:30:00 America/Los_Angeles".to_string()
            },],
            fields: vec![StructField {
                field_name: None,
                field_type: DataType::Timestamp(None, TimezoneInfo::None)
            }]
        },
        expr_from_projection(&select.projection[1])
    );

    assert_eq!(
        &Expr::Struct {
            values: vec![Expr::TypedString {
                data_type: DataType::Time(None, TimezoneInfo::None),
                value: "15:30:00".to_string()
            },],
            fields: vec![StructField {
                field_name: None,
                field_type: DataType::Time(None, TimezoneInfo::None)
            }]
        },
        expr_from_projection(&select.projection[2])
    );

    let sql = r#"SELECT STRUCT<NUMERIC>(NUMERIC '1'), STRUCT<BIGNUMERIC>(BIGNUMERIC '1')"#;
    let select = bigquery_and_generic().verified_only_select(sql);
    assert_eq!(2, select.projection.len());
    assert_eq!(
        &Expr::Struct {
            values: vec![Expr::TypedString {
                data_type: DataType::Numeric(ExactNumberInfo::None),
                value: "1".to_string()
            },],
            fields: vec![StructField {
                field_name: None,
                field_type: DataType::Numeric(ExactNumberInfo::None)
            }]
        },
        expr_from_projection(&select.projection[0])
    );
    assert_eq!(
        &Expr::Struct {
            values: vec![Expr::TypedString {
                data_type: DataType::BigNumeric(ExactNumberInfo::None),
                value: "1".to_string()
            },],
            fields: vec![StructField {
                field_name: None,
                field_type: DataType::BigNumeric(ExactNumberInfo::None)
            }]
        },
        expr_from_projection(&select.projection[1])
    );
}

#[test]
fn parse_typed_struct_with_field_name_bigquery() {
    let sql = r#"SELECT STRUCT<x INT64>(5), STRUCT<y STRING>("foo")"#;
    let select = bigquery().verified_only_select(sql);
    assert_eq!(2, select.projection.len());
    assert_eq!(
        &Expr::Struct {
            values: vec![Expr::Value(number("5")),],
            fields: vec![StructField {
                field_name: Some(Ident::from("x")),
                field_type: DataType::Int64
            }]
        },
        expr_from_projection(&select.projection[0])
    );
    assert_eq!(
        &Expr::Struct {
            values: vec![Expr::Value(Value::DoubleQuotedString("foo".to_string())),],
            fields: vec![StructField {
                field_name: Some(Ident::from("y")),
                field_type: DataType::String(None)
            }]
        },
        expr_from_projection(&select.projection[1])
    );

    let sql = r#"SELECT STRUCT<x INT64, y INT64>(5, 5)"#;
    let select = bigquery().verified_only_select(sql);
    assert_eq!(1, select.projection.len());
    assert_eq!(
        &Expr::Struct {
            values: vec![Expr::Value(number("5")), Expr::Value(number("5")),],
            fields: vec![
                StructField {
                    field_name: Some(Ident::from("x")),
                    field_type: DataType::Int64
                },
                StructField {
                    field_name: Some(Ident::from("y")),
                    field_type: DataType::Int64
                }
            ]
        },
        expr_from_projection(&select.projection[0])
    );
}

#[test]
fn parse_typed_struct_with_field_name_bigquery_and_generic() {
    let sql = r#"SELECT STRUCT<x INT64>(5), STRUCT<y STRING>('foo')"#;
    let select = bigquery().verified_only_select(sql);
    assert_eq!(2, select.projection.len());
    assert_eq!(
        &Expr::Struct {
            values: vec![Expr::Value(number("5")),],
            fields: vec![StructField {
                field_name: Some(Ident::from("x")),
                field_type: DataType::Int64
            }]
        },
        expr_from_projection(&select.projection[0])
    );
    assert_eq!(
        &Expr::Struct {
            values: vec![Expr::Value(Value::SingleQuotedString("foo".to_string())),],
            fields: vec![StructField {
                field_name: Some(Ident::from("y")),
                field_type: DataType::String(None)
            }]
        },
        expr_from_projection(&select.projection[1])
    );

    let sql = r#"SELECT STRUCT<x INT64, y INT64>(5, 5)"#;
    let select = bigquery_and_generic().verified_only_select(sql);
    assert_eq!(1, select.projection.len());
    assert_eq!(
        &Expr::Struct {
            values: vec![Expr::Value(number("5")), Expr::Value(number("5")),],
            fields: vec![
                StructField {
                    field_name: Some(Ident::from("x")),
                    field_type: DataType::Int64
                },
                StructField {
                    field_name: Some(Ident::from("y")),
                    field_type: DataType::Int64
                }
            ]
        },
        expr_from_projection(&select.projection[0])
    );
}

#[test]
fn parse_table_identifiers() {
    /// Parses a table identifier ident and verifies that re-serializing the
    /// parsed identifier produces the original ident string.
    ///
    /// In some cases, re-serializing the result of the parsed ident is not
    /// expected to produce the original ident string. canonical is provided
    /// instead as the canonical representation of the identifier for comparison.
    /// For example, re-serializing the result of ident `foo.bar` produces
    /// the equivalent canonical representation `foo`.`bar`
    fn test_table_ident(ident: &str, canonical: Option<&str>, expected: Vec<Ident>) {
        let sql = format!("SELECT 1 FROM {ident}");
        let canonical = canonical.map(|ident| format!("SELECT 1 FROM {ident}"));

        let select = if let Some(canonical) = canonical {
            bigquery().verified_only_select_with_canonical(&sql, canonical.deref())
        } else {
            bigquery().verified_only_select(&sql)
        };

        assert_eq!(
            select.from,
            vec![TableWithJoins {
                relation: table_from_name(ObjectName(expected)),
                joins: vec![]
            },]
        );
    }

    fn test_table_ident_err(ident: &str) {
        let sql = format!("SELECT 1 FROM {ident}");
        assert!(bigquery().parse_sql_statements(&sql).is_err());
    }

    test_table_ident("`spa ce`", None, vec![Ident::with_quote('`', "spa ce")]);

    test_table_ident(
        "`!@#$%^&*()-=_+`",
        None,
        vec![Ident::with_quote('`', "!@#$%^&*()-=_+")],
    );

    test_table_ident(
        "_5abc.dataField",
        None,
        vec![Ident::new("_5abc"), Ident::new("dataField")],
    );
    test_table_ident(
        "`5abc`.dataField",
        None,
        vec![Ident::with_quote('`', "5abc"), Ident::new("dataField")],
    );

    test_table_ident_err("5abc.dataField");

    test_table_ident(
        "abc5.dataField",
        None,
        vec![Ident::new("abc5"), Ident::new("dataField")],
    );

    test_table_ident_err("abc5!.dataField");

    test_table_ident(
        "`GROUP`.dataField",
        None,
        vec![Ident::with_quote('`', "GROUP"), Ident::new("dataField")],
    );

    // TODO: this should be error
    // test_table_ident_err("GROUP.dataField");

    test_table_ident(
        "abc5.GROUP",
        None,
        vec![Ident::new("abc5"), Ident::new("GROUP")],
    );

    test_table_ident(
        "`foo.bar.baz`",
        Some("`foo`.`bar`.`baz`"),
        vec![
            Ident::with_quote('`', "foo"),
            Ident::with_quote('`', "bar"),
            Ident::with_quote('`', "baz"),
        ],
    );

    test_table_ident(
        "`foo.bar`.`baz`",
        Some("`foo`.`bar`.`baz`"),
        vec![
            Ident::with_quote('`', "foo"),
            Ident::with_quote('`', "bar"),
            Ident::with_quote('`', "baz"),
        ],
    );

    test_table_ident(
        "`foo`.`bar.baz`",
        Some("`foo`.`bar`.`baz`"),
        vec![
            Ident::with_quote('`', "foo"),
            Ident::with_quote('`', "bar"),
            Ident::with_quote('`', "baz"),
        ],
    );

    test_table_ident(
        "`foo`.`bar`.`baz`",
        Some("`foo`.`bar`.`baz`"),
        vec![
            Ident::with_quote('`', "foo"),
            Ident::with_quote('`', "bar"),
            Ident::with_quote('`', "baz"),
        ],
    );

    test_table_ident(
        "`5abc.dataField`",
        Some("`5abc`.`dataField`"),
        vec![
            Ident::with_quote('`', "5abc"),
            Ident::with_quote('`', "dataField"),
        ],
    );

    test_table_ident(
        "`_5abc.da-sh-es`",
        Some("`_5abc`.`da-sh-es`"),
        vec![
            Ident::with_quote('`', "_5abc"),
            Ident::with_quote('`', "da-sh-es"),
        ],
    );

    test_table_ident(
        "foo-bar.baz-123",
        Some("foo-bar.baz-123"),
        vec![Ident::new("foo-bar"), Ident::new("baz-123")],
    );

    test_table_ident_err("foo-`bar`");
    test_table_ident_err("`foo`-bar");
    test_table_ident_err("foo-123a");
    test_table_ident_err("foo - bar");
    test_table_ident_err("123-bar");
    test_table_ident_err("bar-");
}

#[test]
fn parse_hyphenated_table_identifiers() {
    bigquery().one_statement_parses_to(
        "select * from foo-bar f join baz-qux b on f.id = b.id",
        "SELECT * FROM foo-bar AS f JOIN baz-qux AS b ON f.id = b.id",
    );

    assert_eq!(
        bigquery()
            .verified_only_select_with_canonical(
                "select * from foo-123.bar",
                "SELECT * FROM foo-123.bar"
            )
            .from[0]
            .relation,
        table_from_name(ObjectName(vec![Ident::new("foo-123"), Ident::new("bar")])),
    );

    assert_eq!(
        bigquery()
            .verified_only_select_with_canonical(
                "SELECT foo-bar.x FROM t",
                "SELECT foo - bar.x FROM t"
            )
            .projection[0],
        SelectItem::UnnamedExpr(Expr::BinaryOp {
            left: Box::new(Expr::Identifier(Ident::new("foo"))),
            op: BinaryOperator::Minus,
            right: Box::new(Expr::CompoundIdentifier(vec![
                Ident::new("bar"),
                Ident::new("x")
            ]))
        })
    );

    let error_sql = "select foo-bar.* from foo-bar";
    assert!(bigquery().parse_sql_statements(error_sql).is_err());
}

#[test]
fn parse_table_time_travel() {
    let version = "2023-08-18 23:08:18".to_string();
    let sql = format!("SELECT 1 FROM t1 FOR SYSTEM_TIME AS OF '{version}'");
    let select = bigquery().verified_only_select(&sql);
    assert_eq!(
        select.from,
        vec![TableWithJoins {
            relation: TableFactor::Table {
                name: ObjectName(vec![Ident::new("t1")]),
                alias: None,
                args: None,
                with_hints: vec![],
                version: Some(TableVersion::ForSystemTimeAsOf(Expr::Value(
                    Value::SingleQuotedString(version)
                ))),
                partitions: vec![],
                with_ordinality: false,
                json_path: None,
                sample: None,
            },
            joins: vec![]
        },]
    );

    let sql = "SELECT 1 FROM t1 FOR SYSTEM TIME AS OF 'some_timestamp'".to_string();
    assert!(bigquery().parse_sql_statements(&sql).is_err());
}

#[test]
fn parse_join_constraint_unnest_alias() {
    assert_eq!(
        only(
            bigquery()
                .verified_only_select("SELECT * FROM t1 JOIN UNNEST(t1.a) AS f ON c1 = c2")
                .from
        )
        .joins,
        vec![Join {
            relation: TableFactor::UNNEST {
                alias: table_alias("f"),
                array_exprs: vec![Expr::CompoundIdentifier(vec![
                    Ident::new("t1"),
                    Ident::new("a")
                ])],
                with_offset: false,
                with_offset_alias: None,
                with_ordinality: false,
            },
            global: false,
            join_operator: JoinOperator::Inner(JoinConstraint::On(Expr::BinaryOp {
                left: Box::new(Expr::Identifier("c1".into())),
                op: BinaryOperator::Eq,
                right: Box::new(Expr::Identifier("c2".into())),
            })),
        }]
    );
}

#[test]
fn parse_merge() {
    let sql = concat!(
        "MERGE inventory AS T USING newArrivals AS S ON false ",
        "WHEN NOT MATCHED AND 1 THEN INSERT (product, quantity) VALUES (1, 2) ",
        "WHEN NOT MATCHED BY TARGET AND 1 THEN INSERT (product, quantity) VALUES (1, 2) ",
        "WHEN NOT MATCHED BY TARGET THEN INSERT (product, quantity) VALUES (1, 2) ",
        "WHEN NOT MATCHED BY SOURCE AND 2 THEN DELETE ",
        "WHEN NOT MATCHED BY SOURCE THEN DELETE ",
        "WHEN NOT MATCHED BY SOURCE AND 1 THEN UPDATE SET a = 1, b = 2 ",
        "WHEN NOT MATCHED AND 1 THEN INSERT (product, quantity) ROW ",
        "WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN INSERT (product, quantity) ROW ",
        "WHEN NOT MATCHED AND 1 THEN INSERT ROW ",
        "WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN INSERT ROW ",
        "WHEN MATCHED AND 1 THEN DELETE ",
        "WHEN MATCHED THEN UPDATE SET a = 1, b = 2 ",
        "WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN INSERT (a, b) VALUES (1, DEFAULT) ",
        "WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN INSERT VALUES (1, DEFAULT)",
    );
    let insert_action = MergeAction::Insert(MergeInsertExpr {
        columns: vec![Ident::new("product"), Ident::new("quantity")],
        kind: MergeInsertKind::Values(Values {
            explicit_row: false,
            rows: vec![vec![Expr::Value(number("1")), Expr::Value(number("2"))]],
        }),
    });
    let update_action = MergeAction::Update {
        assignments: vec![
            Assignment {
                target: AssignmentTarget::ColumnName(ObjectName(vec![Ident::new("a")])),
                value: Expr::Value(number("1")),
            },
            Assignment {
                target: AssignmentTarget::ColumnName(ObjectName(vec![Ident::new("b")])),
                value: Expr::Value(number("2")),
            },
        ],
    };
    match bigquery_and_generic().verified_stmt(sql) {
        Statement::Merge {
            into,
            table,
            source,
            on,
            clauses,
        } => {
            assert!(!into);
            assert_eq!(
                TableFactor::Table {
                    name: ObjectName(vec![Ident::new("inventory")]),
                    alias: Some(TableAlias {
                        name: Ident::new("T"),
                        columns: vec![],
                    }),
                    args: Default::default(),
                    with_hints: Default::default(),
                    version: Default::default(),
                    partitions: Default::default(),
                    with_ordinality: false,
                    json_path: None,
                    sample: None,
                },
                table
            );
            assert_eq!(
                TableFactor::Table {
                    name: ObjectName(vec![Ident::new("newArrivals")]),
                    alias: Some(TableAlias {
                        name: Ident::new("S"),
                        columns: vec![],
                    }),
                    args: Default::default(),
                    with_hints: Default::default(),
                    version: Default::default(),
                    partitions: Default::default(),
                    with_ordinality: false,
                    json_path: None,
                    sample: None,
                },
                source
            );
            assert_eq!(Expr::Value(Value::Boolean(false)), *on);
            assert_eq!(
                vec![
                    MergeClause {
                        clause_kind: MergeClauseKind::NotMatched,
                        predicate: Some(Expr::Value(number("1"))),
                        action: insert_action.clone(),
                    },
                    MergeClause {
                        clause_kind: MergeClauseKind::NotMatchedByTarget,
                        predicate: Some(Expr::Value(number("1"))),
                        action: insert_action.clone(),
                    },
                    MergeClause {
                        clause_kind: MergeClauseKind::NotMatchedByTarget,
                        predicate: None,
                        action: insert_action,
                    },
                    MergeClause {
                        clause_kind: MergeClauseKind::NotMatchedBySource,
                        predicate: Some(Expr::Value(number("2"))),
                        action: MergeAction::Delete
                    },
                    MergeClause {
                        clause_kind: MergeClauseKind::NotMatchedBySource,
                        predicate: None,
                        action: MergeAction::Delete
                    },
                    MergeClause {
                        clause_kind: MergeClauseKind::NotMatchedBySource,
                        predicate: Some(Expr::Value(number("1"))),
                        action: update_action.clone(),
                    },
                    MergeClause {
                        clause_kind: MergeClauseKind::NotMatched,
                        predicate: Some(Expr::Value(number("1"))),
                        action: MergeAction::Insert(MergeInsertExpr {
                            columns: vec![Ident::new("product"), Ident::new("quantity"),],
                            kind: MergeInsertKind::Row,
                        })
                    },
                    MergeClause {
                        clause_kind: MergeClauseKind::NotMatched,
                        predicate: None,
                        action: MergeAction::Insert(MergeInsertExpr {
                            columns: vec![Ident::new("product"), Ident::new("quantity"),],
                            kind: MergeInsertKind::Row,
                        })
                    },
                    MergeClause {
                        clause_kind: MergeClauseKind::NotMatched,
                        predicate: Some(Expr::Value(number("1"))),
                        action: MergeAction::Insert(MergeInsertExpr {
                            columns: vec![],
                            kind: MergeInsertKind::Row
                        })
                    },
                    MergeClause {
                        clause_kind: MergeClauseKind::NotMatched,
                        predicate: None,
                        action: MergeAction::Insert(MergeInsertExpr {
                            columns: vec![],
                            kind: MergeInsertKind::Row
                        })
                    },
                    MergeClause {
                        clause_kind: MergeClauseKind::Matched,
                        predicate: Some(Expr::Value(number("1"))),
                        action: MergeAction::Delete,
                    },
                    MergeClause {
                        clause_kind: MergeClauseKind::Matched,
                        predicate: None,
                        action: update_action,
                    },
                    MergeClause {
                        clause_kind: MergeClauseKind::NotMatched,
                        predicate: None,
                        action: MergeAction::Insert(MergeInsertExpr {
                            columns: vec![Ident::new("a"), Ident::new("b"),],
                            kind: MergeInsertKind::Values(Values {
                                explicit_row: false,
                                rows: vec![vec![
                                    Expr::Value(number("1")),
                                    Expr::Identifier(Ident::new("DEFAULT")),
                                ]]
                            })
                        })
                    },
                    MergeClause {
                        clause_kind: MergeClauseKind::NotMatched,
                        predicate: None,
                        action: MergeAction::Insert(MergeInsertExpr {
                            columns: vec![],
                            kind: MergeInsertKind::Values(Values {
                                explicit_row: false,
                                rows: vec![vec![
                                    Expr::Value(number("1")),
                                    Expr::Identifier(Ident::new("DEFAULT")),
                                ]]
                            })
                        })
                    },
                ],
                clauses
            );
        }
        _ => unreachable!(),
    }
}

#[test]
fn parse_merge_invalid_statements() {
    let dialects = all_dialects_except(|d| d.is::<BigQueryDialect>() || d.is::<GenericDialect>());
    for (sql, err_msg) in [
        (
            "MERGE T USING U ON TRUE WHEN MATCHED BY TARGET AND 1 THEN DELETE",
            "Expected: THEN, found: BY",
        ),
        (
            "MERGE T USING U ON TRUE WHEN MATCHED BY SOURCE AND 1 THEN DELETE",
            "Expected: THEN, found: BY",
        ),
        (
            "MERGE T USING U ON TRUE WHEN NOT MATCHED BY SOURCE THEN INSERT(a) VALUES (b)",
            "INSERT is not allowed in a NOT MATCHED BY SOURCE merge clause",
        ),
        (
            "MERGE INTO T USING U ON TRUE WHEN NOT MATCHED BY TARGET THEN DELETE",
            "DELETE is not allowed in a NOT MATCHED BY TARGET merge clause",
        ),
        (
            "MERGE INTO T USING U ON TRUE WHEN NOT MATCHED BY TARGET THEN UPDATE SET a = b",
            "UPDATE is not allowed in a NOT MATCHED BY TARGET merge clause",
        ),
    ] {
        let res = dialects.parse_sql_statements(sql);
        assert_eq!(
            ParserError::ParserError(err_msg.to_string()),
            res.unwrap_err()
        );
    }
}

#[test]
fn parse_trailing_comma() {
    for (sql, canonical) in [
        ("SELECT a,", "SELECT a"),
        ("SELECT 1,", "SELECT 1"),
        ("SELECT 1,2,", "SELECT 1, 2"),
        ("SELECT a, b,", "SELECT a, b"),
        ("SELECT a, b AS c,", "SELECT a, b AS c"),
        ("SELECT a, b AS c, FROM t", "SELECT a, b AS c FROM t"),
        ("SELECT a, b, FROM t", "SELECT a, b FROM t"),
        ("SELECT a, b, LIMIT 1", "SELECT a, b LIMIT 1"),
        ("SELECT a, (SELECT 1, )", "SELECT a, (SELECT 1)"),
    ] {
        bigquery().one_statement_parses_to(sql, canonical);
    }
}

#[test]
fn parse_cast_type() {
    let sql = r"SELECT SAFE_CAST(1 AS INT64)";
    bigquery_and_generic().verified_only_select(sql);
}

#[test]
fn parse_cast_date_format() {
    let sql =
        r"SELECT CAST(date_valid_from AS DATE FORMAT 'YYYY-MM-DD') AS date_valid_from FROM foo";
    bigquery_and_generic().verified_only_select(sql);
}

#[test]
fn parse_cast_time_format() {
    let sql = r"SELECT CAST(TIME '21:30:00' AS STRING FORMAT 'PM') AS date_time_to_string";
    bigquery_and_generic().verified_only_select(sql);
}

#[test]
fn parse_cast_timestamp_format_tz() {
    let sql = r"SELECT CAST(TIMESTAMP '2008-12-25 00:00:00+00:00' AS STRING FORMAT 'TZH' AT TIME ZONE 'Asia/Kolkata') AS date_time_to_string";
    bigquery_and_generic().verified_only_select(sql);
}

#[test]
fn parse_cast_string_to_bytes_format() {
    let sql = r"SELECT CAST('Hello' AS BYTES FORMAT 'ASCII') AS string_to_bytes";
    bigquery_and_generic().verified_only_select(sql);
}

#[test]
fn parse_cast_bytes_to_string_format() {
    let sql = r"SELECT CAST(B'\x48\x65\x6c\x6c\x6f' AS STRING FORMAT 'ASCII') AS bytes_to_string";
    bigquery_and_generic().verified_only_select(sql);
}

#[test]
fn parse_array_agg_func() {
    for sql in [
        "SELECT ARRAY_AGG(x ORDER BY x) AS a FROM T",
        "SELECT ARRAY_AGG(x ORDER BY x LIMIT 2) FROM tbl",
        "SELECT ARRAY_AGG(DISTINCT x ORDER BY x LIMIT 2) FROM tbl",
    ] {
        bigquery().verified_stmt(sql);
    }
}

#[test]
fn parse_big_query_declare() {
    for (sql, expected_names, expected_data_type, expected_assigned_expr) in [
        (
            "DECLARE x INT64",
            vec![Ident::new("x")],
            Some(DataType::Int64),
            None,
        ),
        (
            "DECLARE x INT64 DEFAULT 42",
            vec![Ident::new("x")],
            Some(DataType::Int64),
            Some(DeclareAssignment::Default(Box::new(Expr::Value(number(
                "42",
            ))))),
        ),
        (
            "DECLARE x, y, z INT64 DEFAULT 42",
            vec![Ident::new("x"), Ident::new("y"), Ident::new("z")],
            Some(DataType::Int64),
            Some(DeclareAssignment::Default(Box::new(Expr::Value(number(
                "42",
            ))))),
        ),
        (
            "DECLARE x DEFAULT 42",
            vec![Ident::new("x")],
            None,
            Some(DeclareAssignment::Default(Box::new(Expr::Value(number(
                "42",
            ))))),
        ),
    ] {
        match bigquery().verified_stmt(sql) {
            Statement::Declare { mut stmts } => {
                assert_eq!(1, stmts.len());
                let Declare {
                    names,
                    data_type,
                    assignment: assigned_expr,
                    ..
                } = stmts.swap_remove(0);
                assert_eq!(expected_names, names);
                assert_eq!(expected_data_type, data_type);
                assert_eq!(expected_assigned_expr, assigned_expr);
            }
            _ => unreachable!(),
        }
    }

    let error_sql = "DECLARE x";
    assert_eq!(
        ParserError::ParserError("Expected: a data type name, found: EOF".to_owned()),
        bigquery().parse_sql_statements(error_sql).unwrap_err()
    );

    let error_sql = "DECLARE x 42";
    assert_eq!(
        ParserError::ParserError("Expected: a data type name, found: 42".to_owned()),
        bigquery().parse_sql_statements(error_sql).unwrap_err()
    );
}

fn bigquery() -> TestedDialects {
    TestedDialects::new(vec![Box::new(BigQueryDialect {})])
}

fn bigquery_and_generic() -> TestedDialects {
    TestedDialects::new(vec![
        Box::new(BigQueryDialect {}),
        Box::new(GenericDialect {}),
    ])
}

#[test]
fn parse_map_access_expr() {
    let sql = "users[-1][safe_offset(2)].a.b";
    let expr = bigquery().verified_expr(sql);

    let expected = Expr::CompoundFieldAccess {
        root: Box::new(Expr::Identifier(Ident::with_span(
            Span::new(Location::of(1, 1), Location::of(1, 6)),
            "users",
        ))),
        access_chain: vec![
            AccessExpr::Subscript(Subscript::Index {
                index: Expr::UnaryOp {
                    op: UnaryOperator::Minus,
                    expr: Expr::Value(number("1")).into(),
                },
            }),
            AccessExpr::Subscript(Subscript::Index {
                index: Expr::Function(Function {
                    name: ObjectName(vec![Ident::with_span(
                        Span::new(Location::of(1, 11), Location::of(1, 22)),
                        "safe_offset",
                    )]),
                    parameters: FunctionArguments::None,
                    args: FunctionArguments::List(FunctionArgumentList {
                        duplicate_treatment: None,
                        args: vec![FunctionArg::Unnamed(FunctionArgExpr::Expr(Expr::Value(
                            number("2"),
                        )))],
                        clauses: vec![],
                    }),
                    filter: None,
                    null_treatment: None,
                    over: None,
                    within_group: vec![],
                    uses_odbc_syntax: false,
                }),
            }),
            AccessExpr::Dot(Expr::Identifier(Ident::with_span(
                Span::new(Location::of(1, 24), Location::of(1, 25)),
                "a",
            ))),
            AccessExpr::Dot(Expr::Identifier(Ident::with_span(
                Span::new(Location::of(1, 26), Location::of(1, 27)),
                "b",
            ))),
        ],
    };
    assert_eq!(expr, expected);

    let sql = "SELECT myfunc()[-1].a[SAFE_OFFSET(2)].b";
    bigquery().verified_only_select(sql);
}

#[test]
fn test_bigquery_create_function() {
    let sql = concat!(
        "CREATE OR REPLACE TEMPORARY FUNCTION ",
        "project1.mydataset.myfunction(x FLOAT64) ",
        "RETURNS FLOAT64 ",
        "OPTIONS(x = 'y') ",
        "AS 42"
    );

    let stmt = bigquery().verified_stmt(sql);
    assert_eq!(
        stmt,
        Statement::CreateFunction(CreateFunction {
            or_replace: true,
            temporary: true,
            if_not_exists: false,
            name: ObjectName(vec![
                Ident::new("project1"),
                Ident::new("mydataset"),
                Ident::new("myfunction"),
            ]),
            args: Some(vec![OperateFunctionArg::with_name("x", DataType::Float64),]),
            return_type: Some(DataType::Float64),
            function_body: Some(CreateFunctionBody::AsAfterOptions(Expr::Value(number(
                "42"
            )))),
            options: Some(vec![SqlOption::KeyValue {
                key: Ident::new("x"),
                value: Expr::Value(Value::SingleQuotedString("y".into())),
            }]),
            behavior: None,
            using: None,
            language: None,
            determinism_specifier: None,
            remote_connection: None,
            called_on_null: None,
            parallel: None,
        })
    );

    let sqls = [
        // Arbitrary Options expressions.
        concat!(
            "CREATE OR REPLACE TEMPORARY FUNCTION ",
            "myfunction(a FLOAT64, b INT64, c STRING) ",
            "RETURNS ARRAY<FLOAT64> ",
            "OPTIONS(a = [1, 2], b = 'two', c = [('k1', 'v1'), ('k2', 'v2')]) ",
            "AS ((SELECT 1 FROM mytable))"
        ),
        // Options after body.
        concat!(
            "CREATE OR REPLACE TEMPORARY FUNCTION ",
            "myfunction(a FLOAT64, b INT64, c STRING) ",
            "RETURNS ARRAY<FLOAT64> ",
            "AS ((SELECT 1 FROM mytable)) ",
            "OPTIONS(a = [1, 2], b = 'two', c = [('k1', 'v1'), ('k2', 'v2')])",
        ),
        // IF NOT EXISTS
        concat!(
            "CREATE OR REPLACE TEMPORARY FUNCTION IF NOT EXISTS ",
            "myfunction(a FLOAT64, b INT64, c STRING) ",
            "RETURNS ARRAY<FLOAT64> ",
            "OPTIONS(a = [1, 2]) ",
            "AS ((SELECT 1 FROM mytable))"
        ),
        // No return type.
        concat!(
            "CREATE OR REPLACE TEMPORARY FUNCTION ",
            "myfunction(a FLOAT64, b INT64, c STRING) ",
            "OPTIONS(a = [1, 2]) ",
            "AS ((SELECT 1 FROM mytable))"
        ),
        // With language - body after options
        concat!(
            "CREATE OR REPLACE TEMPORARY FUNCTION ",
            "myfunction(a FLOAT64, b INT64, c STRING) ",
            "DETERMINISTIC ",
            "LANGUAGE js ",
            "OPTIONS(a = [1, 2]) ",
            "AS \"console.log('hello');\""
        ),
        // With language - body before options
        concat!(
            "CREATE OR REPLACE TEMPORARY FUNCTION ",
            "myfunction(a FLOAT64, b INT64, c STRING) ",
            "NOT DETERMINISTIC ",
            "LANGUAGE js ",
            "AS \"console.log('hello');\" ",
            "OPTIONS(a = [1, 2])",
        ),
        // Remote
        concat!(
            "CREATE OR REPLACE TEMPORARY FUNCTION ",
            "myfunction(a FLOAT64, b INT64, c STRING) ",
            "RETURNS INT64 ",
            "REMOTE WITH CONNECTION us.myconnection ",
            "OPTIONS(a = [1, 2])",
        ),
    ];
    for sql in sqls {
        bigquery().verified_stmt(sql);
    }

    let error_sqls = [
        (
            concat!(
                "CREATE TEMPORARY FUNCTION myfunction() ",
                "OPTIONS(a = [1, 2]) ",
                "AS ((SELECT 1 FROM mytable)) ",
                "OPTIONS(a = [1, 2])",
            ),
            "Expected: end of statement, found: OPTIONS",
        ),
        (
            concat!(
                "CREATE TEMPORARY FUNCTION myfunction() ",
                "IMMUTABLE ",
                "AS ((SELECT 1 FROM mytable)) ",
            ),
            "Expected: AS, found: IMMUTABLE",
        ),
        (
            concat!(
                "CREATE TEMPORARY FUNCTION myfunction() ",
                "AS \"console.log('hello');\" ",
                "LANGUAGE js ",
            ),
            "Expected: end of statement, found: LANGUAGE",
        ),
    ];
    for (sql, error) in error_sqls {
        assert_eq!(
            ParserError::ParserError(error.to_owned()),
            bigquery().parse_sql_statements(sql).unwrap_err()
        );
    }
}

#[test]
fn test_bigquery_trim() {
    let real_sql = r#"SELECT customer_id, TRIM(item_price_id, '"', "a") AS item_price_id FROM models_staging.subscriptions"#;
    assert_eq!(bigquery().verified_stmt(real_sql).to_string(), real_sql);

    let sql_only_select = "SELECT TRIM('xyz', 'a')";
    let select = bigquery().verified_only_select(sql_only_select);
    assert_eq!(
        &Expr::Trim {
            expr: Box::new(Expr::Value(Value::SingleQuotedString("xyz".to_owned()))),
            trim_where: None,
            trim_what: None,
            trim_characters: Some(vec![Expr::Value(Value::SingleQuotedString("a".to_owned()))]),
        },
        expr_from_projection(only(&select.projection))
    );

    // missing comma separation
    let error_sql = "SELECT TRIM('xyz' 'a')";
    assert_eq!(
        ParserError::ParserError("Expected: ), found: 'a'".to_owned()),
        bigquery().parse_sql_statements(error_sql).unwrap_err()
    );
}

#[test]
fn parse_extract_weekday() {
    let sql = "SELECT EXTRACT(WEEK(MONDAY) FROM d)";
    let select = bigquery_and_generic().verified_only_select(sql);
    assert_eq!(
        &Expr::Extract {
            field: DateTimeField::Week(Some(Ident::new("MONDAY"))),
            syntax: ExtractSyntax::From,
            expr: Box::new(Expr::Identifier(Ident::new("d"))),
        },
        expr_from_projection(only(&select.projection)),
    );
}

#[test]
fn test_select_as_struct() {
    bigquery().verified_only_select("SELECT * FROM (SELECT AS VALUE STRUCT(123 AS a, false AS b))");
    let select = bigquery().verified_only_select("SELECT AS STRUCT 1 AS a, 2 AS b");
    assert_eq!(Some(ValueTableMode::AsStruct), select.value_table_mode);
}

#[test]
fn test_select_as_value() {
    bigquery().verified_only_select(
        "SELECT * FROM (SELECT AS VALUE STRUCT(5 AS star_rating, false AS up_down_rating))",
    );
    let select = bigquery().verified_only_select("SELECT AS VALUE STRUCT(1 AS a, 2 AS b) AS xyz");
    assert_eq!(Some(ValueTableMode::AsValue), select.value_table_mode);
}

#[test]
fn test_array_agg() {
    bigquery_and_generic().verified_expr("ARRAY_AGG(state)");
    bigquery_and_generic().verified_expr("ARRAY_CONCAT_AGG(x LIMIT 2)");
    bigquery_and_generic().verified_expr("ARRAY_AGG(state IGNORE NULLS LIMIT 10)");
    bigquery_and_generic().verified_expr("ARRAY_AGG(state RESPECT NULLS ORDER BY population)");
    bigquery_and_generic()
        .verified_expr("ARRAY_AGG(DISTINCT state IGNORE NULLS ORDER BY population DESC LIMIT 10)");
    bigquery_and_generic().verified_expr("ARRAY_CONCAT_AGG(x ORDER BY ARRAY_LENGTH(x))");
}

#[test]
fn test_any_value() {
    bigquery_and_generic().verified_expr("ANY_VALUE(fruit)");
    bigquery_and_generic().verified_expr(
        "ANY_VALUE(fruit) OVER (ORDER BY LENGTH(fruit) ROWS BETWEEN 1 PRECEDING AND CURRENT ROW)",
    );
    bigquery_and_generic().verified_expr("ANY_VALUE(fruit HAVING MAX sold)");
    bigquery_and_generic().verified_expr("ANY_VALUE(fruit HAVING MIN sold)");
}

#[test]
fn test_any_type() {
    bigquery().verified_stmt(concat!(
        "CREATE OR REPLACE TEMPORARY FUNCTION ",
        "my_function(param1 ANY TYPE) ",
        "AS (",
        "(SELECT 1)",
        ")",
    ));
}

#[test]
fn test_any_type_dont_break_custom_type() {
    bigquery_and_generic().verified_stmt("CREATE TABLE foo (x ANY)");
}