diff --git a/pkg/frontend/querymiddleware/shard_active_series_test.go b/pkg/frontend/querymiddleware/shard_active_series_test.go
index 4ab4d891530..5f09fce37b7 100644
--- a/pkg/frontend/querymiddleware/shard_active_series_test.go
+++ b/pkg/frontend/querymiddleware/shard_active_series_test.go
@@ -328,6 +328,89 @@ func Test_shardActiveSeriesMiddleware_RoundTrip(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func Test_shardActiveSeriesMiddleware_RoundTrip_ResponseBodyStreamed(t *testing.T) {
+	// This value needs to be set at least as large as the buffer size used by the
+	// actual code for this test to make sense.
+	const bufferSize = 512
+	const shardCount = 2
+
+	// Stub upstream with two responses that are larger than the buffer size and
+	// retain a reference to the response bodies. The responses use a custom body
+	// type that counts the number of bytes read, so we can assert on that later in
+	// the test.
+	var upstreamResponseBodies [shardCount]*bodyReadBytesCounter
+	var responseSize [shardCount]int
+	upstream := RoundTripFunc(func(r *http.Request) (*http.Response, error) {
+		// Extract requested shard index
+		require.NoError(t, r.ParseForm())
+		req, err := cardinality.DecodeActiveSeriesRequestFromValues(r.Form)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		shard, _, err := sharding.ShardFromMatchers(req.Matchers)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.NotNil(t, shard, "this test requires a shard to be requested")
+
+		// Make sure the response body is big enough to not be buffered entirely.
+		response := fmt.Sprintf(fmt.Sprintf(`{"data": [{"__name__": "metric-%%%dd"}]}`, bufferSize), shard.ShardIndex)
+		body := &bodyReadBytesCounter{body: io.NopCloser(strings.NewReader(response))}
+		upstreamResponseBodies[shard.ShardIndex] = body
+		responseSize[shard.ShardIndex] = len(response)
+
+		return &http.Response{StatusCode: http.StatusOK, Body: body}, nil
+	})
+
+	s := newShardActiveSeriesMiddleware(
+		upstream,
+		mockLimits{maxShardedQueries: shardCount, totalShards: shardCount},
+		log.NewNopLogger(),
+	)
+
+	r := httptest.NewRequest("POST", "/active_series", strings.NewReader(`selector={__name__=~"metric-.*"}`))
+	r.Header.Add("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded")
+
+	resp, err := s.RoundTrip(r.WithContext(user.InjectOrgID(r.Context(), "test")))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	defer func(body io.ReadCloser) {
+		_, _ = io.ReadAll(body)
+		_ = body.Close()
+	}(resp.Body)
+
+	// Check that upstream responses have been read only up to a max of the buffer size.
+	for _, body := range upstreamResponseBodies {
+		bytesRead := int(body.BytesRead())
+		require.GreaterOrEqual(t, bufferSize, bytesRead)
+	}
+
+	// Read and close the response body.
+	_, _ = io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
+	_ = resp.Body.Close()
+
+	// Check that upstream responses have been fully read now.
+	for i, body := range upstreamResponseBodies {
+		bytesRead := int(body.BytesRead())
+		assert.Equal(t, responseSize[i], bytesRead)
+	}
+}
+
+// bodyReadBytesCounter is a wrapper around a response body that counts the number of bytes read from it.
+type bodyReadBytesCounter struct {
+	body      io.ReadCloser
+	bytesRead atomic.Uint64
+}
+
+func (b *bodyReadBytesCounter) Read(p []byte) (n int, err error) {
+	read, err := b.body.Read(p)
+	b.bytesRead.Add(uint64(read))
+	return read, err
+}
+
+func (b *bodyReadBytesCounter) Close() error {
+	return b.body.Close()
+}
+
+func (b *bodyReadBytesCounter) BytesRead() uint64 {
+	return b.bytesRead.Load()
+}
+
 type result struct {
 	Data   []labels.Labels `json:"data"`
 	Status string          `json:"status,omitempty"`