From 179185438fba184db13d6ed3e4a37292ec91fab5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Daniel Liu <liudaniel@qq.com>
Date: Wed, 13 Nov 2024 09:30:54 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 1/6] eth/gasprice: sanitize max header and block history
 (#23886)

---
 eth/gasprice/gasprice.go | 17 +++++++++++++----
 1 file changed, 13 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/eth/gasprice/gasprice.go b/eth/gasprice/gasprice.go
index b59a95d296c6..8581cfa8a4c7 100644
--- a/eth/gasprice/gasprice.go
+++ b/eth/gasprice/gasprice.go
@@ -87,8 +87,7 @@ func NewOracle(backend OracleBackend, params Config) *Oracle {
 	if percent < 0 {
 		percent = 0
 		log.Warn("Sanitizing invalid gasprice oracle sample percentile", "provided", params.Percentile, "updated", percent)
-	}
-	if percent > 100 {
+	} else if percent > 100 {
 		percent = 100
 		log.Warn("Sanitizing invalid gasprice oracle sample percentile", "provided", params.Percentile, "updated", percent)
 	}
@@ -104,6 +103,16 @@ func NewOracle(backend OracleBackend, params Config) *Oracle {
 	} else if ignorePrice.Int64() > 0 {
 		log.Info("Gasprice oracle is ignoring threshold set", "threshold", ignorePrice)
 	}
+	maxHeaderHistory := params.MaxHeaderHistory
+	if maxHeaderHistory < 1 {
+		maxHeaderHistory = 1
+		log.Warn("Sanitizing invalid gasprice oracle max header history", "provided", params.MaxHeaderHistory, "updated", maxHeaderHistory)
+	}
+	maxBlockHistory := params.MaxBlockHistory
+	if maxBlockHistory < 1 {
+		maxBlockHistory = 1
+		log.Warn("Sanitizing invalid gasprice oracle max block history", "provided", params.MaxBlockHistory, "updated", maxBlockHistory)
+	}
 
 	cache, _ := lru.New(2048)
 	headEvent := make(chan core.ChainHeadEvent, 1)
@@ -125,8 +134,8 @@ func NewOracle(backend OracleBackend, params Config) *Oracle {
 		ignorePrice:      ignorePrice,
 		checkBlocks:      blocks,
 		percentile:       percent,
-		maxHeaderHistory: params.MaxHeaderHistory,
-		maxBlockHistory:  params.MaxBlockHistory,
+		maxHeaderHistory: maxHeaderHistory,
+		maxBlockHistory:  maxBlockHistory,
 		historyCache:     cache,
 	}
 }

From f9e431888e1139de8ab2bb3f855add4c60815bf5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Daniel Liu <liudaniel@qq.com>
Date: Wed, 13 Nov 2024 09:30:54 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 2/6] eth/gasprice: add generic LRU implementation (#26162)

---
 eth/gasprice/feehistory.go | 14 ++++++++------
 eth/gasprice/gasprice.go   |  7 ++++---
 2 files changed, 12 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-)

diff --git a/eth/gasprice/feehistory.go b/eth/gasprice/feehistory.go
index c0570876c28c..4b50966785c5 100644
--- a/eth/gasprice/feehistory.go
+++ b/eth/gasprice/feehistory.go
@@ -56,7 +56,12 @@ type blockFees struct {
 	err     error
 }
 
-// processedFees contains the results of a processed block and is also used for caching
+type cacheKey struct {
+	number      uint64
+	percentiles string
+}
+
+// processedFees contains the results of a processed block.
 type processedFees struct {
 	reward               []*big.Int
 	baseFee, nextBaseFee *big.Int
@@ -268,13 +273,10 @@ func (oracle *Oracle) FeeHistory(ctx context.Context, blocks uint64, unresolvedL
 					oracle.processBlock(fees, rewardPercentiles)
 					results <- fees
 				} else {
-					cacheKey := struct {
-						number      uint64
-						percentiles string
-					}{blockNumber, string(percentileKey)}
+					cacheKey := cacheKey{number: blockNumber, percentiles: string(percentileKey)}
 
 					if p, ok := oracle.historyCache.Get(cacheKey); ok {
-						fees.results = p.(processedFees)
+						fees.results = p
 						results <- fees
 					} else {
 						if len(rewardPercentiles) != 0 {
diff --git a/eth/gasprice/gasprice.go b/eth/gasprice/gasprice.go
index 8581cfa8a4c7..a091cc2be6d2 100644
--- a/eth/gasprice/gasprice.go
+++ b/eth/gasprice/gasprice.go
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/XinFinOrg/XDPoSChain/log"
 	"github.com/XinFinOrg/XDPoSChain/params"
 	"github.com/XinFinOrg/XDPoSChain/rpc"
-	lru "github.com/hashicorp/golang-lru"
+	"github.com/XinFinOrg/XDPoSChain/common/lru"
 )
 
 const sampleNumber = 3 // Number of transactions sampled in a block
@@ -72,7 +72,8 @@ type Oracle struct {
 
 	checkBlocks, percentile           int
 	maxHeaderHistory, maxBlockHistory uint64
-	historyCache                      *lru.Cache
+
+	historyCache *lru.Cache[cacheKey, processedFees]
 }
 
 // NewOracle returns a new gasprice oracle which can recommend suitable
@@ -114,7 +115,7 @@ func NewOracle(backend OracleBackend, params Config) *Oracle {
 		log.Warn("Sanitizing invalid gasprice oracle max block history", "provided", params.MaxBlockHistory, "updated", maxBlockHistory)
 	}
 
-	cache, _ := lru.New(2048)
+	cache := lru.NewCache[cacheKey, processedFees](2048)
 	headEvent := make(chan core.ChainHeadEvent, 1)
 	backend.SubscribeChainHeadEvent(headEvent)
 	go func() {

From 4dbed3582fde252b19d996ce77bb9228b35d3ff2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Daniel Liu <liudaniel@qq.com>
Date: Wed, 13 Nov 2024 09:30:55 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 3/6] eth/gasprice: simplify function getBlockValues

---
 eth/gasprice/gasprice.go | 12 +++++++-----
 1 file changed, 7 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/eth/gasprice/gasprice.go b/eth/gasprice/gasprice.go
index a091cc2be6d2..3043a65ca0d8 100644
--- a/eth/gasprice/gasprice.go
+++ b/eth/gasprice/gasprice.go
@@ -23,13 +23,13 @@ import (
 	"sync"
 
 	"github.com/XinFinOrg/XDPoSChain/common"
+	"github.com/XinFinOrg/XDPoSChain/common/lru"
 	"github.com/XinFinOrg/XDPoSChain/core"
 	"github.com/XinFinOrg/XDPoSChain/core/types"
 	"github.com/XinFinOrg/XDPoSChain/event"
 	"github.com/XinFinOrg/XDPoSChain/log"
 	"github.com/XinFinOrg/XDPoSChain/params"
 	"github.com/XinFinOrg/XDPoSChain/rpc"
-	"github.com/XinFinOrg/XDPoSChain/common/lru"
 )
 
 const sampleNumber = 3 // Number of transactions sampled in a block
@@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ func (oracle *Oracle) SuggestTipCap(ctx context.Context) (*big.Int, error) {
 		results   []*big.Int
 	)
 	for sent < oracle.checkBlocks && number > 0 {
-		go oracle.getBlockValues(ctx, types.MakeSigner(oracle.backend.ChainConfig(), big.NewInt(int64(number))), number, sampleNumber, oracle.ignorePrice, result, quit)
+		go oracle.getBlockValues(ctx, number, sampleNumber, oracle.ignorePrice, result, quit)
 		sent++
 		exp++
 		number--
@@ -199,7 +199,7 @@ func (oracle *Oracle) SuggestTipCap(ctx context.Context) (*big.Int, error) {
 		// meaningful returned, try to query more blocks. But the maximum
 		// is 2*checkBlocks.
 		if len(res.values) == 1 && len(results)+1+exp < oracle.checkBlocks*2 && number > 0 {
-			go oracle.getBlockValues(ctx, types.MakeSigner(oracle.backend.ChainConfig(), big.NewInt(int64(number))), number, sampleNumber, oracle.ignorePrice, result, quit)
+			go oracle.getBlockValues(ctx, number, sampleNumber, oracle.ignorePrice, result, quit)
 			sent++
 			exp++
 			number--
@@ -260,11 +260,11 @@ func (s *txSorter) Less(i, j int) bool {
 	return tip1.Cmp(tip2) < 0
 }
 
-// getBlockPrices calculates the lowest transaction gas price in a given block
+// getBlockValues calculates the lowest transaction gas price in a given block
 // and sends it to the result channel. If the block is empty or all transactions
 // are sent by the miner itself(it doesn't make any sense to include this kind of
 // transaction prices for sampling), nil gasprice is returned.
-func (oracle *Oracle) getBlockValues(ctx context.Context, signer types.Signer, blockNum uint64, limit int, ignoreUnder *big.Int, result chan results, quit chan struct{}) {
+func (oracle *Oracle) getBlockValues(ctx context.Context, blockNum uint64, limit int, ignoreUnder *big.Int, result chan results, quit chan struct{}) {
 	block, err := oracle.backend.BlockByNumber(ctx, rpc.BlockNumber(blockNum))
 	if block == nil {
 		select {
@@ -273,6 +273,8 @@ func (oracle *Oracle) getBlockValues(ctx context.Context, signer types.Signer, b
 		}
 		return
 	}
+	signer := types.MakeSigner(oracle.backend.ChainConfig(), block.Number())
+
 	// Sort the transaction by effective tip in ascending sort.
 	txs := make([]*types.Transaction, len(block.Transactions()))
 	copy(txs, block.Transactions())

From d3eaeb93814a860247c0a09eff90704cad8287f4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Daniel Liu <liudaniel@qq.com>
Date: Wed, 13 Nov 2024 09:30:55 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 4/6] eth/gasprice: use slices package for sorting (#27490
 #27909 #29314)

---
 common/types.go            | 29 ++++++++++++++++++---
 eth/gasprice/feehistory.go | 25 ++++++------------
 eth/gasprice/gasprice.go   | 53 +++++++++++---------------------------
 3 files changed, 49 insertions(+), 58 deletions(-)

diff --git a/common/types.go b/common/types.go
index 2f621a4a5f40..162d2c4083ef 100644
--- a/common/types.go
+++ b/common/types.go
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 package common
 
 import (
+	"bytes"
 	"encoding/hex"
 	"fmt"
 	"math/big"
@@ -77,23 +78,44 @@ type Vote struct {
 	Voter      Address
 }
 
+// BytesToHash sets b to hash.
+// If b is larger than len(h), b will be cropped from the left.
 func BytesToHash(b []byte) Hash {
 	var h Hash
 	h.SetBytes(b)
 	return h
 }
+
 func StringToHash(s string) Hash { return BytesToHash([]byte(s)) }
-func BigToHash(b *big.Int) Hash  { return BytesToHash(b.Bytes()) }
+
+// BigToHash sets byte representation of b to hash.
+// If b is larger than len(h), b will be cropped from the left.
+func BigToHash(b *big.Int) Hash { return BytesToHash(b.Bytes()) }
+
 func Uint64ToHash(b uint64) Hash { return BytesToHash(new(big.Int).SetUint64(b).Bytes()) }
-func HexToHash(s string) Hash    { return BytesToHash(FromHex(s)) }
+
+// HexToHash sets byte representation of s to hash.
+// If b is larger than len(h), b will be cropped from the left.
+func HexToHash(s string) Hash { return BytesToHash(FromHex(s)) }
+
+// Cmp compares two hashes.
+func (h Hash) Cmp(other Hash) int {
+	return bytes.Compare(h[:], other[:])
+}
 
 // IsZero returns if a Hash is empty
 func (h Hash) IsZero() bool { return h == Hash{} }
 
 // Get the string representation of the underlying hash
 func (h Hash) Str() string   { return string(h[:]) }
+
+// Bytes gets the byte representation of the underlying hash.
 func (h Hash) Bytes() []byte { return h[:] }
+
+// Big converts a hash to a big integer.
 func (h Hash) Big() *big.Int { return new(big.Int).SetBytes(h[:]) }
+
+// Hex converts a hash to a hex string.
 func (h Hash) Hex() string   { return hexutil.Encode(h[:]) }
 
 // TerminalString implements log.TerminalStringer, formatting a string for console
@@ -129,7 +151,8 @@ func (h Hash) MarshalText() ([]byte, error) {
 	return hexutil.Bytes(h[:]).MarshalText()
 }
 
-// Sets the hash to the value of b. If b is larger than len(h), 'b' will be cropped (from the left).
+// SetBytes sets the hash to the value of b.
+// If b is larger than len(h), b will be cropped from the left.
 func (h *Hash) SetBytes(b []byte) {
 	if len(b) > len(h) {
 		b = b[len(b)-HashLength:]
diff --git a/eth/gasprice/feehistory.go b/eth/gasprice/feehistory.go
index 4b50966785c5..c3cffa490222 100644
--- a/eth/gasprice/feehistory.go
+++ b/eth/gasprice/feehistory.go
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"math"
 	"math/big"
-	"sort"
+	"slices"
 	"sync/atomic"
 
 	"github.com/XinFinOrg/XDPoSChain/common"
@@ -69,20 +69,9 @@ type processedFees struct {
 }
 
 // txGasAndReward is sorted in ascending order based on reward
-type (
-	txGasAndReward struct {
-		gasUsed uint64
-		reward  *big.Int
-	}
-	sortGasAndReward []txGasAndReward
-)
-
-func (s sortGasAndReward) Len() int { return len(s) }
-func (s sortGasAndReward) Swap(i, j int) {
-	s[i], s[j] = s[j], s[i]
-}
-func (s sortGasAndReward) Less(i, j int) bool {
-	return s[i].reward.Cmp(s[j].reward) < 0
+type txGasAndReward struct {
+	gasUsed uint64
+	reward  *big.Int
 }
 
 // processBlock takes a blockFees structure with the blockNumber, the header and optionally
@@ -117,12 +106,14 @@ func (oracle *Oracle) processBlock(bf *blockFees, percentiles []float64) {
 		return
 	}
 
-	sorter := make(sortGasAndReward, len(bf.block.Transactions()))
+	sorter := make([]txGasAndReward, len(bf.block.Transactions()))
 	for i, tx := range bf.block.Transactions() {
 		reward, _ := tx.EffectiveGasTip(bf.block.BaseFee())
 		sorter[i] = txGasAndReward{gasUsed: bf.receipts[i].GasUsed, reward: reward}
 	}
-	sort.Stable(sorter)
+	slices.SortStableFunc(sorter, func(a, b txGasAndReward) int {
+		return a.reward.Cmp(b.reward)
+	})
 
 	var txIndex int
 	sumGasUsed := sorter[0].gasUsed
diff --git a/eth/gasprice/gasprice.go b/eth/gasprice/gasprice.go
index 3043a65ca0d8..b185f3828aec 100644
--- a/eth/gasprice/gasprice.go
+++ b/eth/gasprice/gasprice.go
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ package gasprice
 import (
 	"context"
 	"math/big"
-	"sort"
+	"slices"
 	"sync"
 
 	"github.com/XinFinOrg/XDPoSChain/common"
@@ -208,7 +208,7 @@ func (oracle *Oracle) SuggestTipCap(ctx context.Context) (*big.Int, error) {
 	}
 	price := lastPrice
 	if len(results) > 0 {
-		sort.Sort(bigIntArray(results))
+		slices.SortFunc(results, func(a, b *big.Int) int { return a.Cmp(b) })
 		price = results[(len(results)-1)*oracle.percentile/100]
 	}
 	if price.Cmp(oracle.maxPrice) > 0 {
@@ -236,30 +236,6 @@ type results struct {
 	err    error
 }
 
-type txSorter struct {
-	txs     []*types.Transaction
-	baseFee *big.Int
-}
-
-func newSorter(txs []*types.Transaction, baseFee *big.Int) *txSorter {
-	return &txSorter{
-		txs:     txs,
-		baseFee: baseFee,
-	}
-}
-
-func (s *txSorter) Len() int { return len(s.txs) }
-func (s *txSorter) Swap(i, j int) {
-	s.txs[i], s.txs[j] = s.txs[j], s.txs[i]
-}
-func (s *txSorter) Less(i, j int) bool {
-	// It's okay to discard the error because a tx would never be
-	// accepted into a block with an invalid effective tip.
-	tip1, _ := s.txs[i].EffectiveGasTip(s.baseFee)
-	tip2, _ := s.txs[j].EffectiveGasTip(s.baseFee)
-	return tip1.Cmp(tip2) < 0
-}
-
 // getBlockValues calculates the lowest transaction gas price in a given block
 // and sends it to the result channel. If the block is empty or all transactions
 // are sent by the miner itself(it doesn't make any sense to include this kind of
@@ -276,14 +252,21 @@ func (oracle *Oracle) getBlockValues(ctx context.Context, blockNum uint64, limit
 	signer := types.MakeSigner(oracle.backend.ChainConfig(), block.Number())
 
 	// Sort the transaction by effective tip in ascending sort.
-	txs := make([]*types.Transaction, len(block.Transactions()))
-	copy(txs, block.Transactions())
-	sorter := newSorter(txs, block.BaseFee())
-	sort.Sort(sorter)
+	txs := block.Transactions()
+	sortedTxs := make([]*types.Transaction, len(txs))
+	copy(sortedTxs, txs)
+	baseFee := block.BaseFee()
+	slices.SortFunc(sortedTxs, func(a, b *types.Transaction) int {
+		// It's okay to discard the error because a tx would never be
+		// accepted into a block with an invalid effective tip.
+		tip1, _ := a.EffectiveGasTip(baseFee)
+		tip2, _ := b.EffectiveGasTip(baseFee)
+		return tip1.Cmp(tip2)
+	})
 
 	var prices []*big.Int
-	for _, tx := range sorter.txs {
-		tip, _ := tx.EffectiveGasTip(block.BaseFee())
+	for _, tx := range sortedTxs {
+		tip, _ := tx.EffectiveGasTip(baseFee)
 		if ignoreUnder != nil && tip.Cmp(ignoreUnder) == -1 {
 			continue
 		}
@@ -300,9 +283,3 @@ func (oracle *Oracle) getBlockValues(ctx context.Context, blockNum uint64, limit
 	case <-quit:
 	}
 }
-
-type bigIntArray []*big.Int
-
-func (s bigIntArray) Len() int           { return len(s) }
-func (s bigIntArray) Less(i, j int) bool { return s[i].Cmp(s[j]) < 0 }
-func (s bigIntArray) Swap(i, j int)      { s[i], s[j] = s[j], s[i] }

From de7203ac886099926b2e28219c3359fb5d48cd19 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Daniel Liu <liudaniel@qq.com>
Date: Wed, 13 Nov 2024 09:30:55 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 5/6] eth/gasprice: remove default from config (#30080)

---
 eth/backend.go                  | 6 +-----
 eth/gasprice/feehistory_test.go | 2 +-
 eth/gasprice/gasprice.go        | 8 +++++---
 eth/gasprice/gasprice_test.go   | 3 +--
 les/backend.go                  | 6 +-----
 5 files changed, 9 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/eth/backend.go b/eth/backend.go
index 1842bb47779d..b9cef04b11c8 100644
--- a/eth/backend.go
+++ b/eth/backend.go
@@ -225,11 +225,7 @@ func New(ctx *node.ServiceContext, config *ethconfig.Config, XDCXServ *XDCx.XDCX
 	} else {
 		eth.ApiBackend = &EthApiBackend{eth, nil, nil}
 	}
-	gpoParams := config.GPO
-	if gpoParams.Default == nil {
-		gpoParams.Default = config.GasPrice
-	}
-	eth.ApiBackend.gpo = gasprice.NewOracle(eth.ApiBackend, gpoParams)
+	eth.ApiBackend.gpo = gasprice.NewOracle(eth.ApiBackend, config.GPO, config.GasPrice)
 
 	// Set global ipc endpoint.
 	eth.blockchain.IPCEndpoint = ctx.GetConfig().IPCEndpoint()
diff --git a/eth/gasprice/feehistory_test.go b/eth/gasprice/feehistory_test.go
index 4c372f0bcc14..f3344348c2be 100644
--- a/eth/gasprice/feehistory_test.go
+++ b/eth/gasprice/feehistory_test.go
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ func TestFeeHistory(t *testing.T) {
 			MaxBlockHistory:  c.maxBlock,
 		}
 		backend := newTestBackend(t, big.NewInt(16), c.pending)
-		oracle := NewOracle(backend, config)
+		oracle := NewOracle(backend, config, nil)
 
 		first, reward, baseFee, ratio, err := oracle.FeeHistory(context.Background(), c.count, c.last, c.percent)
 
diff --git a/eth/gasprice/gasprice.go b/eth/gasprice/gasprice.go
index b185f3828aec..3395965da65f 100644
--- a/eth/gasprice/gasprice.go
+++ b/eth/gasprice/gasprice.go
@@ -44,7 +44,6 @@ type Config struct {
 	Percentile       int
 	MaxHeaderHistory uint64
 	MaxBlockHistory  uint64
-	Default          *big.Int `toml:",omitempty"`
 	MaxPrice         *big.Int `toml:",omitempty"`
 	IgnorePrice      *big.Int `toml:",omitempty"`
 }
@@ -78,7 +77,7 @@ type Oracle struct {
 
 // NewOracle returns a new gasprice oracle which can recommend suitable
 // gasprice for newly created transaction.
-func NewOracle(backend OracleBackend, params Config) *Oracle {
+func NewOracle(backend OracleBackend, params Config, startPrice *big.Int) *Oracle {
 	blocks := params.Blocks
 	if blocks < 1 {
 		blocks = 1
@@ -114,6 +113,9 @@ func NewOracle(backend OracleBackend, params Config) *Oracle {
 		maxBlockHistory = 1
 		log.Warn("Sanitizing invalid gasprice oracle max block history", "provided", params.MaxBlockHistory, "updated", maxBlockHistory)
 	}
+	if startPrice == nil {
+		startPrice = new(big.Int)
+	}
 
 	cache := lru.NewCache[cacheKey, processedFees](2048)
 	headEvent := make(chan core.ChainHeadEvent, 1)
@@ -130,7 +132,7 @@ func NewOracle(backend OracleBackend, params Config) *Oracle {
 
 	return &Oracle{
 		backend:          backend,
-		lastPrice:        params.Default,
+		lastPrice:        startPrice,
 		maxPrice:         maxPrice,
 		ignorePrice:      ignorePrice,
 		checkBlocks:      blocks,
diff --git a/eth/gasprice/gasprice_test.go b/eth/gasprice/gasprice_test.go
index ded61a289905..abaca1190136 100644
--- a/eth/gasprice/gasprice_test.go
+++ b/eth/gasprice/gasprice_test.go
@@ -174,7 +174,6 @@ func TestSuggestTipCap(t *testing.T) {
 	config := Config{
 		Blocks:     3,
 		Percentile: 60,
-		Default:    big.NewInt(params.GWei),
 	}
 	var cases = []struct {
 		fork   *big.Int // Eip1559 fork number
@@ -188,7 +187,7 @@ func TestSuggestTipCap(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 	for _, c := range cases {
 		backend := newTestBackend(t, c.fork, false)
-		oracle := NewOracle(backend, config)
+		oracle := NewOracle(backend, config, big.NewInt(params.GWei))
 
 		// The gas price sampled is: 32G, 31G, 30G, 29G, 28G, 27G
 		got, err := oracle.SuggestTipCap(context.Background())
diff --git a/les/backend.go b/les/backend.go
index ac496a7ecf6d..08933f93a0a4 100644
--- a/les/backend.go
+++ b/les/backend.go
@@ -131,11 +131,7 @@ func New(ctx *node.ServiceContext, config *ethconfig.Config) (*LightEthereum, er
 		return nil, err
 	}
 	leth.ApiBackend = &LesApiBackend{leth, nil}
-	gpoParams := config.GPO
-	if gpoParams.Default == nil {
-		gpoParams.Default = config.GasPrice
-	}
-	leth.ApiBackend.gpo = gasprice.NewOracle(leth.ApiBackend, gpoParams)
+	leth.ApiBackend.gpo = gasprice.NewOracle(leth.ApiBackend, config.GPO, config.GasPrice)
 	return leth, nil
 }
 

From 59b06e4a0328b8a2ca5839b1a2646725e447be4b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Daniel Liu <liudaniel@qq.com>
Date: Wed, 13 Nov 2024 09:30:55 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 6/6] eth/gasprice: reduce default gas price for empty block

---
 eth/gasprice/gasprice.go | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/eth/gasprice/gasprice.go b/eth/gasprice/gasprice.go
index 3395965da65f..900455fa718b 100644
--- a/eth/gasprice/gasprice.go
+++ b/eth/gasprice/gasprice.go
@@ -193,9 +193,9 @@ func (oracle *Oracle) SuggestTipCap(ctx context.Context) (*big.Int, error) {
 		// Nothing returned. There are two special cases here:
 		// - The block is empty
 		// - All the transactions included are sent by the miner itself.
-		// In these cases, use the latest calculated price for samping.
+		// In these cases, use half of the latest calculated price for samping.
 		if len(res.values) == 0 {
-			res.values = []*big.Int{lastPrice}
+			res.values = []*big.Int{new(big.Int).Div(lastPrice, common.Big2)}
 		}
 		// Besides, in order to collect enough data for sampling, if nothing
 		// meaningful returned, try to query more blocks. But the maximum