diff --git a/.changelog/31380.txt b/.changelog/31380.txt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..519f36b0a59
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.changelog/31380.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+```release-note:note
+resource/aws_ssm_association: The `instance_id` attribute has been deprecated. All configurations using `instance_id` should be updated to use the `targets` attribute instead
+```
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/website/docs/r/ssm_association.html.markdown b/website/docs/r/ssm_association.html.markdown
index 4e4aca7b1ce..cead112886e 100644
--- a/website/docs/r/ssm_association.html.markdown
+++ b/website/docs/r/ssm_association.html.markdown
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ The following arguments are supported:
 * `apply_only_at_cron_interval` - (Optional) By default, when you create a new or update associations, the system runs it immediately and then according to the schedule you specified. Enable this option if you do not want an association to run immediately after you create or update it. This parameter is not supported for rate expressions. Default: `false`.
 * `association_name` - (Optional) The descriptive name for the association.
 * `document_version` - (Optional) The document version you want to associate with the target(s). Can be a specific version or the default version.
-* `instance_id` - (Optional) The instance ID to apply an SSM document to. Use `targets` with key `InstanceIds` for document schema versions 2.0 and above.
+* `instance_id` - (Optional, **Deprecated**) The instance ID to apply an SSM document to. Use `targets` with key `InstanceIds` for document schema versions 2.0 and above. Use the `targets` attribute instead.
 * `output_location` - (Optional) An output location block. Output Location is documented below.
 * `parameters` - (Optional) A block of arbitrary string parameters to pass to the SSM document.
 * `schedule_expression` - (Optional) A [cron or rate expression](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/systems-manager/latest/userguide/reference-cron-and-rate-expressions.html) that specifies when the association runs.