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NEWS
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This document summarizes the most important changes in the current Zeek
release. For an exhaustive list of changes, see the ``CHANGES`` file
(note that submodules, such as Broker, come with their own ``CHANGES``.)
Zeek 4.0.0
==========
New Functionality
-----------------
- Added support for EDNS0 Cookie and Keep-Alive options.
- Added new Packet Analysis plugin architecture for parsing packet headers
at layers below the existing Session analysis plugins. This allows
writing plugins to parse the various parts of a packet header separately,
chaining down into other plugins as needed.
- Add ``dce_rpc_request_stub`` and ``dce_rpc_response_stub`` events for
accessing the contents of DCE-RPC request/response stub data.
- Add support for log filter policy hooks, which supersede the current
log predicates. The hook signature is as follows:
hook(rec: any, id: Log::ID, filter: Log::Filter);
The logging manager invokes hooks on each log record. Hooks can veto
log records via a break, and modify them if necessary. Log filters
inherit the stream-level hook, but can override or remove the hook
as needed. The distribution's existing log streams now come with
pre-defined hooks that users can add handlers to. The existing
predicates are deprecated for removal in 4.1 but continue to work.
See https://docs.zeek.org/en/master/frameworks/logging.html#filter-log-records
for more details.
- Added a ``udp-state`` signature condition to enforce matching against
either "originator" or "responder" flow direction of UDP packets.
- Improvements to capture-loss.zeek:
- A new option, ``CaptureLoss::initial_watch_interval``. When restarting a
Zeek cluster, one usually wants some immediate feedback as to the health of
the monitoring via capture loss. However, you previously needed to wait a
full ``CaptureLoss::watch_interval``, which defaults to 15 minutes. The
new option specifies the interval for the first-time report. So the new
default behavior provides stats after 1 minute and then after
15 minutes afterward.
- A new notice type, ``CaptureLoss::Too_Little_Traffic``.
If a Zeek process sees less than ``CaptureLoss::minimum_acks`` ACKs in a
given interval, this notice gets raised. This can be a useful diagnostic
if, for whatever reason, a Zeek process stops seeing traffic, but
capture-loss.zeek would have previously only reported that "0 gaps and 0
ACKs is 0% loss".
- A new ``zeek_script_args`` variable contains a list of arguments passed
to a script. E.g. either when explicitly executing Zeek like
``zeek -- myscript.zeek -arg1 -arg2``, or when using Zeek to interpret
executable scripts that contain a hashbang line at the top like::
#!/usr/local/zeek/bin/zeek --
- Added a new ``generate_all_events`` bif, which can be used to always raise
events, even when they are not used by scripts. This can be used by the
``dump-events.zeek`` script to log all events that happen; the script
got a new option to enable this behavior.
- Added new unknown_protocols.log that will log analyzer and protocol pairs
via the packet analysis framework for packet protocols that aren't
supported by Zeek. It can be enabled by loading the
``policy/misc/unknown-protocols`` script. The script adds a new
``unknown_protocol`` event.
- Added support for DNS resource records LOC, SSHFP, NSEC3PARAM, and custom
BIND9 signaling. The associated events are:
- dns_LOC
- dns_SSHFP
- dns_NSEC3PARAM
- dns_BINDS
- Zeek now supports SSH clients/servers that advertise SSH version 1.99, which
is a special version indicating that the server/client supports both SSH2 and
SSH1.
- Added ``count_to_double()`` and ``int_to_double()`` type-conversion BIFs.
- Added these string-processing BIFs:
- count_substr
- find_str
- rfind_str
- starts_with
- ends_with
- is_num
- is_alpha
- is_alnum
- ljust
- rjust
- swap_case
- to_title
- zfill
- remove_prefix
- remove_suffix
- Added a new ``Weird::sampling_global_list`` option to configure global
rate-limiting of certain weirds instead of per connection/flow.
- Added a ``Pcap::findalldevs()`` for obtaining available network devices.
- Added ``enum_names()`` BIF to return names of an enum type's values
- Added ``type_aliases`` BIF for introspecting type-names of types/values
- Added composite-index support for ``&backend`` (Broker-backed tables).
An example of a set with composite index is ``set[string, count, count]``.
- Sumstats now allows manual epochs. If an ``epoch`` interval of 0 is specified,
epochs will have to be manually ended by callis ``SumStats::next_epoch``. This
can be convenient because epochs can be synced to other events.
- The Zeek distribution now includes Zeek's package manager, zkg. Its
code, configuration, and state reside in Zeek's installation tree,
as follows:
- The toplevel script, ``zkg``, installs alongside ``zeek`` in the
distribution's ``$prefix/bin`` folder.
- The config file installs into ``$prefix/etc/zkg/config``. The
distribution's zkg command uses it by default, but you can switch
to a different one via the ``ZKG_CONFIG_FILE`` environment
variable or the ``--configfile`` command-line flag.
- zkg's package state resides in ``$prefix/var/lib/zkg``. This
implies that parallel Zeek installations now automatically
separate their package installations.
These folders have the same ownership and access permissions as the
rest of the installation, , meaning that in order to manage zkg
packages you need to run zkg as a user with corresponding access.
Apart from these location overrides, the bundled zkg installation
behaves as usual.
local.zeek now contains a (commented out) ``@load`` statement you
can use to source zkg's package state automatically.
zkg's own Python module resides in ``zeek/python/zeekpkg`, in the
installation tree's library folder. See below for additional changes
around the library folder.
zkg has external Python module dependencies. The Zeek configuration
does not verify whether these dependencies are met. A new warning
message at zkg launch flags missing packages and how to install them
(e.g. via pip).
Configuring with ``--disable-zkg`` disables the zkg inclusion. You
can continue to install and use zkg independently. You're also free
to use the config file in ``$prefix/etc/zkg/config`` with other zkg
installations.
The zkg source tree resides in ``auxil/package-manager`` as an
additional Git submodule.
- Added a new ``ssl_probable_encrypted_handshake_message`` event, which
is raised for encrypted TLS 1.3 handshake messages.
Changed Functionality
---------------------
- ``NetControl::DROP`` had 3 conflicting definitions that could potentially
be used incorrectly without any warnings or type-checking errors.
Such enum redefinition conflicts are now caught and treated as errors,
so the ``NetControl::DROP`` enums had to be renamed:
- The use as enum of type ``Log::ID`` is renamed to ``NetControl::DROP_LOG``
- The use as enum of type ``NetControl::CatchReleaseInfo`` is renamed to
``NetControl::DROP_REQUESTED``
- The use as enum of type ``NetControl::RuleType`` is unchanged and still
named ``NetControl::DROP``
- The extract_email_addrs_vec() BIF now returns all occurrences of emails,
including duplicates, with preserved order of occurrence. This seems like
the original/documented intent of the function, but the previous
implementation did not preserve ordering or duplicates.
- The Dictionary implementation is replaced (no API changes). The new version
uses clustered hashing, a variation of Robinhood / Open Addressing hashing.
This implementation generally performs better and utilizes less memory
than the previous one. A detailed explanation of the implementation is here:
https://jasonlue.github.io/algo/2019/08/20/clustered-hashing.html
- The ``p`` fields of ``Cluster::Node`` records now use a
``&default=0/unknown`` attribute with ``0/unknown`` meaning that the node is
not pre-configured to listen for incoming connections from other cluster
nodes.
- The ``|x|`` operator, where ``x`` is an expression with an integral result,
no longer performs an implicit coercion of that result into a signed
``int`` type. This was actually the behavior before Zeek 3.0 as well, but
the attempt to prevent mistakes that easily result from integer literals in
Zeek being unsigned like ``|5 - 9|`` causing an overflow/wraparound and
yielding a very large number is not generally consistent since overflows
are still generally able to happen in other ways and also in other contexts
besides just the absolute-value operator. So the preference was to revert
to a behavior that favors consistency. For reference, see
https://github.com/zeek/zeek/pull/251#issuecomment-713956976
- The Zeek installation tree is now more consistent in using a ``lib64/``
(rather than ``lib/``) subdirectory for platforms where that's the common
convention. If the old hardcoded ``lib/`` path exists while installing Zeek
4.0 and the new subdirectory differs, the old ``lib/`` remains untouched.
This clutters the installation but is safe: the new installation does not
require the old location, and any files you might require still in the old
tree (e.g. ZeekControl plugins) remain available.
Due to Zeek 4's reorganization of the installation tree we recommend
a clean-slate install when possible.
- Python modules installed with the Zeek distribution now reside in a
common ``zeek/python`` directory below the library path (such as
``lib64/zeek/python``) and no longer assume ZeekControl. The
``zeek/python/zeekctl`` folder now contains only ZeekControl's own
functionality, ``zeek/python/zeekpkg`` contains zkg's Python module, and
Broker's Python bindings live in ``zeek/python/broker``. ``zeek-config
--python_dir`` now reports this new ``zeek/python`` folder. Several
new configure options allow you to customize the Python folder location,
depending on your needs.
As with the new libdir, no cleanup of the existing Python tree occurs.
- Continued renaming/namespacing of many classes into either ``zeek`` or
``zeek::detail`` namespaces as already explained in Zeek 3.2's release notes.
Deprecation warnings should generally help notify plugin developers of these
changes.
- Changed HTTP DPD signatures to trigger analyzer independent of peer state.
This is to avoid missing large sessions where a single side exceeds
the DPD buffer size. It comes with the trade-off that now the analyzer
can be triggered by anybody controlling one of the endpoints (instead
of both). For discussion, see https://github.com/zeek/zeek/issues/343.
- TLS 1.3 support was improved in several ways:
* In the past, some TLS 1.3 sessions were misidentified as using session
resumption when, in fact, they were not resumed. This was caused by
the TLS session ID which no longer has any meaning in TLS 1.3. This was
fixed.
* Similarly, in the past, TLS 1.3 sessions that use TLS 1.3 PSKs for
session resumption were not marked as resumed. This also was fixed.
* The way in which session establishment for TLS 1.3 is performed was
rewritten. This causes the ``ssl_encrypted_data`` event to be correctly
raised; in the past this did not work for some sessions. A new
``ssl_probable_encrypted_handshake_message`` event was added that is
raised for encrypted TLS 1.3 handshake packets.
* In the same vein, hello retry requests in TLS 1.3 should now always
be handled correctly; in the past this only happened in some cases.
Please note: When a connection uses Hello Retry requests you will see
two client hello and two server hello events in a single connection.
This happened in the past, but may become more common now; this might
trigger unexpected behavior in your scripts.
Removed Functionality
---------------------
- The counter type was removed. This type was never fully functional/used
anywhere.
- Removed the PRI_PTR_COMPAT_INT, PRI_PTR_COMPAT_UINT, and PRI_SOURCE_ID
macros. There are no deprecation warnings for these because they were C
macros. Use the PRIdPTR and PRIuPTR macros from the standard library
instead.
- The ``successful_connection_remove`` and ``connection_successful`` events
as well as ``connection$successful`` field that were added in Zeek v3.1.0 are
now removed. They were found to be unintuitive along with having unresolved
corner cases. The original goal/intent to avoid the overhead and scalability
issues with every new protocol-analysis adding a new
``connection_state_remove`` handler can now be resolved with a less-confusing
approach: see the ``Conn::register_removal_hook`` function.
- Python 2 is no longer supported. Python 3.5 is the new minimum requirement.
- CMake versions less than 3.5 are no longer supported.
- CAF version 0.18 is now required and, by default, that is bundled with
the Zeek distribution and will get built unless overridden with the
``--with-caf=`` configuration option.
- ``server_appdata`` and ``client_appdata`` were removed from ``SSL::Info``.
These variables were only used internally, and did not give a correct counts
in all circumstances.
Deprecated Functionality
------------------------
- Marked the Continuation.h and PacketDumper.h files as deprecated. The code
contained within them is unused by Zeek.
- ``Type::GetAliases()`` and ``Type::AddAlias()`` are deprecated, use
``Type::Aliases()`` and ``Type::RegisterAlias()``.
- The ``ssh1_server_host_key`` event's modulus and exponent parameters,
*e* and *p*, were named in misleading way (*e* is the modulus)
and now deprecated in favor of the new *modulus* and *exponent* parameters.
Zeek 3.2.0
==========
New Functionality
-----------------
- X509 Certificate caching:
Zeek now caches certificates if they have (by default) been encountered
more than 10 times in 62 seconds. Information for cached certificates is
retained; if the certificate is encountered again it does not have to
be re-parsed and already existing information is used to raise the events.
This should especially help with performance in environments where the
same certificates are seen very often.
Certificate caching is very configureable; it is possible to disable the
feature, change the time intervals or even suppress X509 events.
For details see ``scripts/base/files/x509/main.zeek``.
- Add parsing support for Remote Desktop Protocol UDP Transport Extension
(RDPEUDP versions 1 and 2). This primarily only adds "rdpeudp" to
connection record service fields when an RDPEUDP session handhake is
detected, but also provides a few other events related to the RDPEUDP
connection establishment.
- Add the ``udp_content_ports`` configuration option. Any port added to
this set will cause the ``udp_contents`` event to be raised.
- Add the ``udp_content_delivery_ports_use_resp`` option which can be used
to specify how the destination port for the ``udp_content_delivery_ports_orig``
and ``udp_content_delivery_ports_orig`` options is determined. The current value
keeps behavior as it was in previous versions of Zeek.
- Add a file signature to identify ISO9660 disk images (application/x-iso9660-image)
- Add file signature to identify Python bytecode (application/x-python-bytecode)
- Events and hooks are now allowed to have multiple, alternate prototype
declarations. This allows for extending event/hook parameters in a way that
won't break an existing user's handlers and also allows users to define their
own custom event/hook prototypes that consume a subset of the parameters
(convenience of typing/memory/etc). This feature is documented in detail
here: https://docs.zeek.org/en/current/script-reference/types.html#type-event
- Add ``flags`` parameters to ``rdp_connect_request``,
``rdp_negotiation_response``, and ``rdp_negotiation_failure`` events.
- ``Reporter::conn_weird`` now correctly handles weirds for expired connections,
for which no connection state information is available in the core anymore. These
cases will raise the new ``expired_conn_weird`` event.
- Broker Store table synchronization (experimental).
Zeek now supports synchronizing tables/sets across clusters using a backing Broker
store. The same feature also allows persistent storage of data in tables/sets
over Zeek restarts. This feature is implemented using the new ``&backend`` attribute.
To synchronize a table over a cluster, you can, e.g., use:
global t: table[string] of count &backend=Broker::MEMORY;
This feature is documented in detail here:
https://docs.zeek.org/en/current/frameworks/broker.html#broker-store-backed-zeek-tables-for-data-synchronization-and-persistence
Note: this feature is experimental and the syntax/specifics can change in the future.
Changed Functionality
---------------------
- Several C++ functions have been changed to pass smart pointers
(``class IntrusivePtr<>``) instead of raw pointers. This makes the
code more robust. External plugins may need to be updated to this
API change.
- BIFs that use @ARG@, @ARGS@, or @ARGC@ may break since their type has
changed: BIF arguments are now passed as a ``std::vector<IntrusivePtr<Val>>``
rather than a ``val_list`` (i.e. ``List<Val*>``).
- RocksDB support for Broker data stores is now opt-in instead of automatically
detected and used at configuration-time. Use the ``--enable-rocksdb`` and
``--with-rocksdb=`` flags to opt-in.
- At the C++ level, a large number of functions had their return
values and/or arguments changed to use ``bool`` types instead of
``int``. This includes some virtual methods, which may cause build
failures in plugins that were overriding those methods. Those
plugins will need to be updated to match these API changes. To make
sure to catch changes you need to make to your plugin, double-check
that all virtual method implementations use "override".
- Many C++ classes were marked "final" which also has some performance benefits
due to devirtualization optimizations.
- Data members of many C++ classes/structs were reordered to achieve better
packing and smaller memory footprint.
- "using namespace std" was removed from the Zeek header files; Zeek now always
explicitly specifies std when using STL functionality in headers. This may
necessitate small changes in external plugins, if they relied on the using
statement in Zeek headers.
- The ``connection_external`` event was removed. This functionality that could
raise this event (injecting connections via broccoli) was removed a while ago;
the event handler served no purpose anymore.
- Reorganize the file signatures to break them out into more groups. This may
break scripts that had been explicitly loading any signature files that moved.
- The DCE/RPC operation string of "NetrLogonSamLogonWithFlags" has been
corrected from "NetrLogonSameLogonWithFlags".
- ``AsRecord()`` and ``AsNonConstRecord()`` have changed to return
``std::vector<IntrusivePtr<Val>>*``.
- ``AsVector()`` has changed to return ``std::vector<IntrusivePtr<Val>>*``.
- Moved a large number of classes from the global namespace into either the
``zeek`` or ``zeek::detail`` namespace. See https://github.com/zeek/zeek/issues/266
for the rationale behind these changes. Most types that were moved and functions
that used them have been marked as deprecated and will generate compiler
warnings if used (a few exceptions will not generate compiler warnings,
but the Deprecated Functionality section below will mention those
ones specifically).
This includes a number of renames to classes, removing 'Bro' from their
names. Deprecation warnings should notify plugin developers of these
name changes.
Removed Functionality
---------------------
- The fmt() function which takes a va_list argument is replaced, use
the new vfmt() function for equivalent functionality. The former is
deprecated because overloading it with the variadic fmt() function
can cause the unintended overload to be chosen depending on how the
platform implements va_list.
Deprecated Functionality
------------------------
- The ``plugin::Plugin::HookCallFunction()`` method is deprecated. Note
that compilers will not emit a deprecation warning, but the replacement
method to now use is called ``HookFunctionCall`` and uses ``IntrusivePtr``
arguments and return value.
- The ``Func::Call(val_list*, ...)`` method is now deprecated. Use ``Invoke()``
instead which takes a ``zeek::Args`` (``std::vector<IntrusivePtr<Val>>``).
There's also a variadic template for ``Invoke()`` that forwards all arguments
into a ``zeek::Args`` for you.
- The ``EventMgr::QueueEvent()`` and EventMgr::QueueEventFast()`` methods
are now deprecated, use ``EventMgr::Enqueue()`` instead.
- The ``Connection::ConnectionEvent()``, ``Connection::Event()``, and
``Connection::ConnectionEventFast()`` methods are now deprecated, use
``Connection::EnqueueEvent()`` instead.
- The ``file_analysis::File::FileEvent()`` methods taking ``val_list``
arguments are now deprecated, use the overload that takes a ``zeek::Args``
instead.
- The ``analyzer::Analyzer::ConnectionEvent()``, ``analyzer::Analyzer::Event``,
and ``analyzer::Analyzer::ConectionEventFast()`` methods are deprecated, use
``analyzer::Analyzer::EnqueueConnEvent()`` instead.
- All ``val_mgr`` methods starting with "Get" are deprecated, use the new
``val_mgr`` methods that return ``IntrusivePtr``.
- ``Connection::BuildConnVal()`` is deprecated, use ``Connection::ConnVal()``.
- ``Analyzer::BuildConnVal()`` is deprecated, use ``Analyzer::ConnVal()``.
- ``BifEvent::generate_`` functions are deprecated, use ``zeek::BifEvent::enqueue_``.
- ``binpac::bytestring_to_val()`` is deprecated, use ``binpac::to_stringval()``.
- ``binpac::string_to_val()`` is deprecated, use ``StringVal`` constructor.
- Returning ``Val*`` from BIFs is deprecated, return ``IntrusivePtr`` instead.
- Various methods of converting protocol structures, like IP or packet headers,
to associated ``Val`` type are now deprecated, the deprecation warning
message will advise what new method to use instead.
- Various methods of ``Tag`` classes are deprecated with the warning
message advising what new method to use instead.
- The ``utf16_bytestring_to_utf8_val()`` function is deprecated, use
``utf16_to_utf8_val()`` instead.
- ``RecordType::FieldType()`` is deprecated, use ``RecordType::GetFieldType()``
- ``BroType::HasField()`` and ``BroType::FieldType()`` are deprecated, use
the methods of ``RecordType`` directly.
- ``BroType::YieldType()`` is deprecated, use ``BroType::Yield()``.
- ``ID::AsType()`` is deprecated, use ``ID::IsType()`` and ``ID::GetType()``.
- ``ID::Type()`` is deprecated, use ``ID::GetType()``.
- ``ID::ID_Val()`` is deprecated, use ``ID::GetVal()``.
- ``internal_type()`` is deprecated, use ``zeek::id::find_type()``.
- ``internal_val()`` and ``internal_const_val()`` are deprecated, use
``zeek::id::find_val()`` or ``zeek::id::find_const()``.
- ``internal_func()`` is deprecated, use ``zeek::id::find_func()``.
- ``opt_internal_val()`` is deprecated, use ``lookup_ID()`` or
``zeek::id::find_val()``.
- ``Val::Type()`` is deprecated, use ``Val::GetType``.
- Most global type/value pointers in NetVar.h are deprecated, but one can
still always perform the lookup themselves.
- ``Scope::Lookup()`` is deprecated, use ``Scope::Find()``.
- All generated ``BroType*`` names in the ``BifType::`` namespaces are
deprecated, but there's an equivalent name in ``zeek::BifType::`` of
``IntrusivePtr`` type to use instead.
- All generated ``BifConst::`` names are deprecated, but there's an
equivalent name now in ``zeek::BifCont::``, and changed to ``IntrusivePtr``
if the old name was some ``Val*`` type.
- Constructors for ``Val`` types that take a ``BroType*`` are all generally
deprecated, with alternatives that instead take an ``IntrusivePtr`` argument.
- ``FuncType::Args()`` is deprecated, use ``FuncType::Params()``.
- ``FuncType::ArgTypes()`` is deprecated, use ``FuncType::ParamList()``.
- ``RecordVal::Assign(int, Val*)`` is deprecated, use the overload taking
``IntrusivePtr``.
- ``RecordVal::Lookup(int)`` is deprecated, use ``RecordVal::GetField(int)``.
- ``RecordVal::LookupWithDefault(int)`` is deprecated, use
``RecordVal::GetFieldOrDefault(int)``.
- ``RecordVal::Lookup(const char*, bool)`` is deprecated, use either
``RecordVal::GetField()`` or ``RecordVal::GetFieldOrDefault()``.
- ``TableVal::Assign`` methods taking raw ``Val*`` are deprecated, use the
overloads taking ``IntrusivePtr``.
- ``TableVal::Lookup()`` is deprecated, use ``TableVal::Find()`` or
``TableVal::FindOrDefault()``.
- ``VectorVal::Assign`` and ``Insert`` methods taking raw ``Val*`` are
deprecated, use the methods that take ``IntrusivePtr``.
- ``VectorVal::Lookup()`` is deprecated, use ``VectorVal::At()``.
- The file analysis/analyzer API has deprecated methods taking raw
``RecordVal*`` for analyzer arguments and replaced those with methods
taking ``IntrusivePtr``.
- The ``Val(double, TypeTag)`` constructor is deprecated, use either
``IntervalVal()``, ``TimeVal()`` or ``DoubleVal()`` constructors.
- The "BroString.h" file is deprecated, use "ZeekString.h"
- The str_split() BIF is deprecated, use str_split_indices(). Note
that the former returns a vector with indices starting at 1 while the
later returns a vector with indices starting at 0.
- The ``icmp_conn`` parameter of ICMP events is deprecated, there's an
alternate version with an ``icmp_info`` parameter to use instead.
The ``icmp_conn`` record passed to ICMP events has always been re-used
amongst all events within an ICMP "connection", so the
``itype``, ``icode``, ``len``, and ``hlim`` fields as inspected in
handlers never appears to change even if the underlying packet data
has different values for those fields. However, it's not known if
anyone relied on that behavior, so the new ``icmp_info`` record is
introduced with the more-expected behavior of being created and
populated for each new event. It also removes the orig_h/resp_h
fields since those are redundant with what's already available in
the connection parameter.
- External plugins should include Zeek header files like
``#include <zeek/Foo.h>`` instead of ``#include <Foo.h>``. The later
style is considered deprecated. Reliance on ``zeek-config --include_dir``
to contain ``$prefix/include/zeek`` is also deprecated: its replacement
output is expected to be just ``$prefix/include``, with it currently
outputting both paths, delimited by a colon, during the deprecation period.
Zeek 3.1.0
==========
New Functionality
-----------------
- Add a new supervisor framework that enables Zeek to operate clusters
of processes itself without any external help.
The Supervisor framework provides an entirely new deployment mode
for Zeek, one that supervises a set of Zeek processes that are meant
to be persistent. A Supervisor automatically revives any process
that dies or exits prematurely and also arranges for an ordered
shutdown of the entire process tree upon its own termination. This
Supervisor mode for Zeek provides the basic foundation for process
configuration/management that could be used to deploy a Zeek cluster
similar to what ZeekControl does, but is also simpler to integrate
as a standard system service.
This mode is still experimental and will evolve over time. The
command-line argument of ``-j`` toggles Zeek to run in "Supervisor
mode" to allow for creation and management of child processes. If
you're going to test this, please note that you will need some
custom script code to configure the processes you want Zeek to run.
See the documentation for more information:
https://docs.zeek.org/en/stable/frameworks/supervisor.html
- Add a new option, ``dpd_late_match_stop``, which can be used in conjuction
with the option ``dpd_match_only_beginning`` and the new event
``protocol_late_match`` to help annotate the conn.log with a field
to speculate on the protocol/service in cases where the DPD buffer
was already exhausted and can't analyze the full connection anymore,
but where there was still a late signature match. A new script,
``policy/protocols/conn/speculative-service.zeek``, was added as an
example of how to perform this tuning and add a "speculative_service"
field to conn.log, but it's not loaded by default.
- There is now a new ``tcp_options`` event that is raised for each TCP header
that contains options.
- Added a new option, ``Log::print_to_log`` that can be set to automatically
redirect the output from "print" statements to a real log stream (e.g.
instead of writing to stdout).
- There is now a new ``&on_change`` attribute that can be used to be notified
of changes to tables and sets.
Changed Functionality
---------------------
- A C++17-capable compiler and CMake 3.0+ are now required to compile Zeek
- The backwards-compability wrappers & work-arounds introduced in 3.0
for the "Bro to Zeek rename" have either changed their operation, or in some
cases been removed. Generally, anything that reported a
naming-related warning in 3.0 now aborts with a corresponding error
message. In cases where 3.0 silently continued to accept old names,
3.1 now reports warnings. Most importantly, that's loading of
scripts with ".bro" endings, which are now flagged and should be
renamed.
- Broker has switched versions for the underlying CAF communication
library from 0.16 to 0.17. CAF has changed its wireformat between
those versions, which means that previous Broker and Zeek versions
won't be able to connect to the new ones. In other words, all Zeek
instances, as well as other Broker clients, need to upgrade at the
same time. In case of version mismatches, Broker now reports better
error messages to point out the problem.
- The key type of ``Known::service_store`` has changed to
``Known::AddrPortServTriplet`` and ``Known::services`` is now a table
instead of just a set.
- The DNS class name for Hesiod in the ``DNS::classes`` table is now spelled
correctly as "C_HESIOD" instead of "C_HESOD". For reference, this
class name string may appear in the dns.log file or in any custom
script logic that inspects the ``qclass`` field of ``DNS::Info``
after a ``dns_request`` event.
- The configuration input reader now ignores trailing spaces at the end of
configuration lines.
- The tcp_option event is now correctly raised.
- The base scripts shipped with Zeek now use the new
``successful_connection_remove`` event instead of
``connection_state_remove`` where possible (when the logic doesn't
pertain to unestablished TCP connections). There's a performance
benefit to this switch, but it may potentially break custom scripts
that depended on accessing or modifying state via specific
``&priority`` ordering of ``connection_state_remove`` event
handlers. However, since most of Zeek's base scripts previously just
used that event with the intention of writing a finalized log as the
last thing executed for a given connection, and the new
``successful_connection_remove`` event handlers all run after
``connection_state_remove``, it's not likely this change to the base
scripts causes any incompatibility with user scripts.
There's also a new event called ``connection_successful`` and a new
``connection`` record field named "successful" to help indicate this
new property of connections.
- The JSON output formatters now use the RapidJSON library. This
improves their performance considerably over the library that was
previously used. Output from the formatters remains nearly
identical.
- The ``decompose_uri`` function no longer raises an error when parsing
URIs with an empty port number (e.g. ``http://example.org:/``). Instead,
the ``portnum`` component of the returned ``URI`` value is left
uninitialized.
- Replace old ``select``-based IO loop with a new architecture that doesn't
spin checking for active IO sources. The new architecture now waits for the
the sources to actively notify it when activity occurs and only processes
data once it's ready. This helps heavily reduce the CPU usage on idle
network connections. This includes a couple of breaking changes:
- Only a single packet source is allowed to be specified from the
command-line now. If you pass combinations of multiple ``-r`` and/or
``-i`` flags, Zeek will return an error at startup.
- The IOSource API changed fairly wildly. The ``GetFds()`` and
``NextTimestamp`` methods no longer exist. If you had previously
implemented a custom IOSource, you will need to look at the new API
and make changes to your code to accomodate it. This does not include
packet sources, which should remain functional with little to no
changes, since the entirety of the changes should be in ``PktSrc``.
- Remove a large number of headers from being included by various files across
the entire code base, which leads to a sizeable build time improvement. This
set of changes has the potential to cause plugins to not build anymore. The
fixes for this potential breakage should just be a matter of including the
necessary headers in the plugin code.
Removed Functionality
---------------------
- Removed the ``current_conns_extern`` field from the ConnStats record
type. Zeek only maintains a single timer manager now, and without the
manager tags that came with multiple tiemr managers, we don't track
whether a connection is external anymore.
Deprecated Functionality
------------------------
- The C++ API typedefs for int{8,16,32,64} and uint{8,16,32,64} are deprecated
in favor of the real <cstdint> types they alias. E.g. use int8_t instead of
int8.
- The C++ API functions "safe_snprintf" and "safe_vsnprintf" are deprecated.
Use "snprintf" and "vsnprintf" instead.
Zeek 3.0.0
==========
New Functionality
-----------------
- Added support for DNSSEC resource records RRSIG, DNSKEY, DS, NSEC, and NSEC3.
The associated events are:
- dns_RRSIG
- dns_DNSKEY
- dns_DS
- dns_NSEC
- dns_NSEC3
- Added support for parsing and logging DNS SPF resource records.
A new ``dns_SPF_reply`` event is also available.
- Zeek's Plugin framework now allows a patch version. If a patch version is not
provided, it will default to 0. To specify this, modify the plugin
Configuration class in your ``src/Plugin.cc`` and set
``config.version.patch``. Note that the default plugin skeleton
includes a unit test whose Baseline has the plugin version number in
it and that will now fail due to the version number now including a
patch number. For those that want to keep the unit test, simply adapt
the unit test/baseline to include the new plugin patch number.
- The default http.log not includes a field for the HTTP request Origin header.
- Support for decapsulating VXLAN tunnels.
- The for-loop syntax now allows for iterating over key-value pairs of tables.
Previously, a separate lookup within the loop was required to obtain the
value at a given index/key, but now this works::
local t: table[count] of string = table();
t[1] = "hello";
t[55] = "goodbye";
for ( key, value in t )
print key, value;
- Added options for controlling the source path/prefix for Input and
Intel framework files:
- InputAscii::path_prefix
- InputBinary::path_prefix
- Intel::path_prefix
- Support for NFLOG link-layer type.
- Support for some SMB 3.x features
- An ``smb2_transform_header`` event is raised after parsing
TRANSFORM_HEADER structures associated with encrypted messages.
- The ``SMB2::NegotiateResponse`` record now contains
``negotiate_context_count`` and ``negotiate_context_values`` fields
containing capability information found in an SMB 3.1.1 dialect's
negotiation message.
- Added a new hook, ``Intel::filter_item``, to assist in filtering and
removal of intelligence items that are about to be inserted.
- Add support for SMB filenames in the intel framework.
- Added a new event for weirdness found via file analysis: ``file_weird``.
- The conn.log "history" field supports a new character 'G' or 'g'
(capital for originator, lowercase responder) to indicate a content
gap in the TCP stream. These are recorded logarithmically.
- The ``ZEEK_DNS_RESOLVER`` environment variable now controls
the DNS resolver to use by setting it to an IPv4 or IPv6 address. If
not set, then the first IPv4 address from /etc/resolv.conf gets used.
- The ``/<re>/i`` convenience syntax for case-insensitive patterns is now
also allowed when specifying patterns used in signature files.
- New RDP functionality.
- New events:
- rdp_client_network_data
- rdp_client_security_data
- rdp_client_cluster_data
- rdp_native_encrypted_data
- Add a new "client_channels" field to rdp.log based on data parsed from
the Client Network Data (TS_UD_CS_NET) packet. The channel list is also
available in the new ``rdp_client_network_data`` event.
- Add parsing support for TLS 1.3 pre-shared key extension. This info
is available in the events: ``ssl_extension_pre_shared_key_client_hello``
and ``ssl_extension_pre_shared_key_server_hello``.
- Added/re-wrote support for NTP.
- Parsing support for modes 1-7, with parsed structures available in
the ``ntp_message`` event.
- An ntp.log is produced by default, containing data extracted from
NTP messages with modes 1-5.
- Add support for vector slicing operations. For example::
local v = vector(1, 2, 3, 4, 5);
v[2:4] = vector(6, 7, 8); # v is now [1, 2, 6, 7, 8, 5]
print v[:4]; # prints [1, 2, 6, 7]
- Add support for paraglob, a fairly quick data structure for matching a string
against a large list of patterns. For example::
local v1 = vector("*", "d?g", "*og", "d?", "d[!wl]g");
local p1 = paraglob_init(v1);
print paraglob_match(p1, "dog");
- An ``expire_func`` for a table with a multi-value-index will now unroll
the index and take one argument for each index value. For example, for a
``table[string,string] of count`` the expire function signature is:
function(t: table[string, string] of count, s: string, s2: string): interval
- Zeek's anonymous functions now capture their closures by reference.
This means that they can use and modify variables from the scope
that they were generated in. For example:
local n = 3;
local f = function() { n += 1; };
f();
print n; # prints 4
These anonymous functions can also be serialized over Broker with
their closures. In order to be serialzed over Broker the receiving
script needs to have an identical version of the function declared.
For the above example, a receiving script would need to have
declared a function
local name = function() { n += 1; };
to be able to receive the senders function over Broker.
Functions with closures can still use the variables they have
captured even after they have left the scope that they were declared
in. For example, a simple generator function like the one below
works as expected.
local make_adder = function(n: count): function(m: count): count
{
return function (m: count): count
{
return n + m;
};
};
print make_adder(3)(5); # prints 8
local three = make_adder(3);
print three(5); # prints 8
- Add ``LogAscii::enable_utf_8`` option to allow valid utf8 sequences
to be written directly into the ASCII logs without any escaping.
- Add parsing, analysis, and logging support for MQTT protocol v3.1/v3.1.1.
This is not enabled by default, use ``@load policy/protocols/mqtt`` to
use the new MQTT analysis support.
- Zeek now supports duration thresholding on connections, similarly to how it supports
byte and packet thresholds.
- New events:
- ConnThreshold::duration_threshold_crossed
- conn_duration_threshold_crossed
- New functions:
- ConnThreshold::set_duration_threshold
- ConnThreshold::delete_duration_threshold
- set_current_conn_duration_threshold
- get_current_conn_duration_threshold
Changed Functionality
---------------------
- The following executable names have changed (the old names will
continue to work, but emit a deprecation warning):
- ``bro`` is now ``zeek``
- ``bro-config`` is now ``zeek-config``
- ``broctl`` is now ``zeekctl``
- ``bro-cut`` is now ``zeek-cut``
- BroControl has been completely renamed to ZeekControl. Many installation
directories and files with "broctl" in their name have been changed
to use "zeekctl" instead. It's expected this has been done in a way
that's backwards compatible with previous Bro installations. E.g.
if you made customizations to the ``broctl.cfg`` file of a previous
installation, installing the newer Zeek version over it will retain that
file and even symlink the new ``zeekctl.cfg`` to it.
- The default install prefix is now ``/usr/local/zeek`` instead of
``/usr/local/bro``. If you have an existing installation that used
the previous default and are still using the new default when upgrading,
we'll crate ``/usr/local/zeek`` as a symlink to ``/usr/local/bro``.
Certain subdirectories will also get similar treatment: ``share/bro``,
``include/bro``, and ``lib/bro``.
- ``$prefix/share/bro/site/local.bro`` has been renamed to
``local.zeek``. If you have a ``local.bro`` file from a previous
installation, possibly with customizations made to it, the new
version of Zeek will install a ``local.zeek`` file that is a symlink
to the pre-existing ``local.bro``. In that case, you may want to
just copy ``local.bro`` into the new ``local.zeek`` location to
avoid confusion, but things are otherwise meant to work properly
without intervention.
- All scripts ending in ``.bro`` that ship with the Zeek source tree have
been renamed to ``.zeek``.
- The search logic for the ``@load`` script directive now prefers files
ending in ``.zeek``, but will fallback to loading a ``.bro`` file if
it exists. E.g. ``@load foo`` will first check for a ``foo.zeek``
file to load and then otherwise ``foo.bro``. Note that
``@load foo.bro`` (with the explicit ``.bro`` file suffix) prefers
in the opposite order: it first checks for ``foo.bro`` and then
falls back to a ``foo.zeek``, if it exists.
- The for-loop index variable for vectors has been changed from
'int' to 'count' type. It's unlikely this would alter/break any
script behavior unless they were explicitly inspecting the variable's
type (and there's typically no reason to do that).
- The startup/initialization behavior has changed such that any errors
encountered while processing the ``bro_init()`` event will cause the
process to terminate rather than continue on the main run loop.
- The ``dns_state`` field within ``connection`` records has changed: the
``pending_queries`` and ``pending_replies`` fields are now ``&optional``,
and there is a new field ``pending_query`` that is populated before
``pending_queries``. If you have scripts that access the ``pending_queries``
or ``pending_replies`` fields, they will need to be updated.