diff --git a/packages/cactus-cmd-api-server/src/main/typescript/api-server.ts b/packages/cactus-cmd-api-server/src/main/typescript/api-server.ts
index 75dcda5cb3..3888c56389 100644
--- a/packages/cactus-cmd-api-server/src/main/typescript/api-server.ts
+++ b/packages/cactus-cmd-api-server/src/main/typescript/api-server.ts
@@ -43,6 +43,7 @@ import {
   Bools,
   Logger,
   LoggerProvider,
+  LogHelper,
   Servers,
 } from "@hyperledger/cactus-common";
 
@@ -241,7 +242,8 @@ export class ApiServer {
 
       return { addressInfoCockpit, addressInfoApi, addressInfoGrpc };
     } catch (ex) {
-      const errorMessage = `Failed to start ApiServer: ${ex.stack}`;
+      const stack = LogHelper.getExceptionStack(ex);
+      const errorMessage = `Failed to start ApiServer: ${stack}`;
       this.log.error(errorMessage);
       this.log.error(`Attempting shutdown...`);
       try {
@@ -296,9 +298,10 @@ export class ApiServer {
         await this.getPluginImportsCount(),
       );
       return this.pluginRegistry;
-    } catch (e) {
+    } catch (ex) {
       this.pluginRegistry = new PluginRegistry({ plugins: [] });
-      const errorMessage = `Failed init PluginRegistry: ${e.stack}`;
+      const stack = LogHelper.getExceptionStack(ex);
+      const errorMessage = `Failed init PluginRegistry: ${stack}`;
       this.log.error(errorMessage);
       throw new Error(errorMessage);
     }
diff --git a/packages/cactus-common/src/main/typescript/logging/log-helper.ts b/packages/cactus-common/src/main/typescript/logging/log-helper.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5fca30528e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/cactus-common/src/main/typescript/logging/log-helper.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+import { RuntimeError } from "run-time-error";
+
+export class LogHelper {
+  public static getExceptionStack(exception: unknown): string {
+    // handle unknown exception input
+    const defaultStack = "NO_STACK_INFORMATION_INCLUDED_IN_EXCEPTION";
+    const invalidStack = "INVALID_STACK_INFORMATION";
+    let stack = defaultStack;
+    let exceptionHandled = false;
+
+    // 1st need to check that exception is not null or undefined before trying to access the wanted stack information
+    if (exception) {
+      if (exception instanceof RuntimeError) {
+        // handling RuntimeError stack inclusive nested / cascaded stacks
+        stack = this.safeJsonStringify(exception);
+        exceptionHandled = true;
+      }
+
+      if (!exceptionHandled && typeof exception === "object") {
+        // 2nd need to check if a stack property is available
+        if (Object.hasOwnProperty.call(exception, "stack")) {
+          // 3rd check if the stack property is already of type string
+          if (
+            typeof (exception as Record<string, unknown>).stack === "string"
+          ) {
+            stack = (exception as { stack: string }).stack;
+          } else {
+            // need to stringify stack information first
+            stack = this.safeJsonStringify(
+              (exception as { stack: unknown }).stack,
+              invalidStack,
+            );
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    return stack;
+  }
+
+  public static getExceptionMessage(exception: unknown): string {
+    // handle unknown exception input
+    const defaultMessage = "NO_MESSAGE_INCLUDED_IN_EXCEPTION";
+    const invalidException = "INVALID_EXCEPTION";
+    const invalidMessage = "INVALID_EXCEPTION_MESSAGE";
+    const customExceptionPrefix = "A CUSTOM EXCEPTION WAS THROWN: ";
+    let message = defaultMessage;
+    let exceptionHandled = false;
+
+    // 1st need to check that exception is not null or undefined before trying to access the wanted message information
+    if (exception) {
+      if (typeof exception === "object") {
+        // 2nd need to check if a message property is available
+        if (Object.hasOwnProperty.call(exception, "message")) {
+          // 3rd check if the message property is already of type string
+          if (
+            typeof (exception as Record<string, unknown>).message === "string"
+          ) {
+            message = (exception as { message: string }).message;
+          } else {
+            // need to stringify message information first
+            message = this.safeJsonStringify(
+              (exception as { message: unknown }).message,
+              invalidMessage,
+            );
+          }
+          exceptionHandled = true;
+        }
+      }
+
+      // handling of custom exceptions
+      if (!exceptionHandled) {
+        // check if thrown custom exception is a string type only -> directly use it as exception message
+        if (typeof exception === "string") {
+          message = exception;
+        } else {
+          // custom exception is of a different type -> need to stringify it
+          message =
+            customExceptionPrefix &&
+            this.safeJsonStringify(exception, invalidException);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    return message;
+  }
+
+  private static safeJsonStringify(
+    input: unknown,
+    catchMessage = "INVALID_INPUT",
+  ): string {
+    let message = "";
+
+    try {
+      message = JSON.stringify(input);
+    } catch (error) {
+      // stringify failed maybe due to cyclic dependency
+      message = catchMessage;
+    }
+    return message;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/packages/cactus-common/src/main/typescript/public-api.ts b/packages/cactus-common/src/main/typescript/public-api.ts
index 209b91f6dc..d46813e557 100755
--- a/packages/cactus-common/src/main/typescript/public-api.ts
+++ b/packages/cactus-common/src/main/typescript/public-api.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 export { LoggerProvider } from "./logging/logger-provider";
+export { LogHelper } from "./logging/log-helper";
 export { Logger, ILoggerOptions } from "./logging/logger";
 export { LogLevelDesc } from "loglevel";
 export { Objects } from "./objects";
diff --git a/packages/cactus-common/src/test/typescript/unit/logging/log-helper.test.ts b/packages/cactus-common/src/test/typescript/unit/logging/log-helper.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..23097d08df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/cactus-common/src/test/typescript/unit/logging/log-helper.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,301 @@
+import "jest-extended";
+import { RuntimeError } from "run-time-error";
+import { LogHelper } from "../../../../main/typescript/logging/log-helper";
+
+describe("log-helper tests", () => {
+  const no_message_available = "NO_MESSAGE_INCLUDED_IN_EXCEPTION";
+  const no_stack_available = "NO_STACK_INFORMATION_INCLUDED_IN_EXCEPTION";
+  const errorMessage = "Oops";
+  const errorNumber = 2468;
+
+  describe("exception stack-tests", () => {
+    it("gets the stack information from a regular Error object", () => {
+      let expectedResult: string | undefined = "";
+      let stack = no_stack_available;
+
+      try {
+        const testError = new Error(errorMessage);
+        expectedResult = testError.stack;
+        throw testError;
+      } catch (error) {
+        stack = LogHelper.getExceptionStack(error);
+      }
+
+      // check stack
+      expect(stack).toBe(expectedResult);
+    });
+
+    it("gets stack information from a faked Error object which is containing stack information as string type", () => {
+      const expectedResult = "Faked stack";
+      let stack = no_stack_available;
+
+      const fakeErrorWithStack = {
+        message:
+          "This is a fake error object with string-type stack information",
+        stack: expectedResult,
+      };
+
+      try {
+        throw fakeErrorWithStack;
+      } catch (error) {
+        stack = LogHelper.getExceptionStack(error);
+      }
+
+      // check stack
+      expect(stack).toBe(expectedResult);
+    });
+
+    it("gets stack information from a faked Error object which is containing stack information as number type and therefore need to be stringified", () => {
+      const expectedResult = "123456";
+      let stack = no_stack_available;
+
+      const fakeErrorWithStack = {
+        message:
+          "This is a fake error object with number-type stack information",
+        stack: 123456,
+      };
+
+      try {
+        throw fakeErrorWithStack;
+      } catch (error) {
+        stack = LogHelper.getExceptionStack(error);
+      }
+
+      // check stack
+      expect(stack).toBe(expectedResult);
+    });
+
+    it("gets no stack information as the faked Error object is not containing any stack information", () => {
+      const expectedResult = no_stack_available;
+      let stack = no_stack_available;
+
+      const fakeErrorWithoutStack = {
+        message: "This is a fake error object without stack information",
+      };
+
+      try {
+        throw fakeErrorWithoutStack;
+      } catch (error) {
+        stack = LogHelper.getExceptionStack(error);
+      }
+
+      // check stack
+      expect(stack).toBe(expectedResult);
+    });
+
+    it("handles throwing null successfully and returns NO_STACK_INFORMATION_INCLUDED_IN_EXCEPTION string", () => {
+      const expectedResult = no_stack_available;
+      let stack = no_stack_available;
+
+      const fakeError = null;
+
+      try {
+        throw fakeError;
+      } catch (error) {
+        stack = LogHelper.getExceptionStack(error);
+      }
+
+      // check stack
+      expect(stack).toBe(expectedResult);
+    });
+
+    it("handles throwing undefined successfully and returns NO_STACK_INFORMATION_INCLUDED_IN_EXCEPTION string", () => {
+      const expectedResult = no_stack_available;
+      let stack = no_stack_available;
+
+      const fakeError = undefined;
+
+      try {
+        throw fakeError;
+      } catch (error) {
+        stack = LogHelper.getExceptionStack(error);
+      }
+
+      // check stack
+      expect(stack).toBe(expectedResult);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe("exception message-tests", () => {
+    it("gets the exception message from a regular Error object", () => {
+      const expectedResult = errorMessage;
+      let message = no_message_available;
+
+      try {
+        const testError = new Error(errorMessage);
+        throw testError;
+      } catch (error) {
+        message = LogHelper.getExceptionMessage(error);
+      }
+
+      // check message
+      expect(message).toBe(expectedResult);
+    });
+
+    it("gets the exception message from a faked Error object which is containing message as string type", () => {
+      const expectedResult = errorMessage;
+      let message = no_message_available;
+
+      const fakeErrorWithMessage = {
+        message: errorMessage,
+        stack: expectedResult,
+      };
+
+      try {
+        throw fakeErrorWithMessage;
+      } catch (error) {
+        message = LogHelper.getExceptionMessage(error);
+      }
+
+      // check message
+      expect(message).toBe(expectedResult);
+    });
+
+    it("gets exception message from a faked Error object which is containing message information as number type and therefore need to be stringified", () => {
+      const expectedResult = "123456";
+      let message = no_message_available;
+
+      const fakeErrorWithNumberMessage = {
+        message: 123456,
+      };
+
+      try {
+        throw fakeErrorWithNumberMessage;
+      } catch (error) {
+        message = LogHelper.getExceptionMessage(error);
+      }
+
+      // check message
+      expect(message).toBe(expectedResult);
+    });
+
+    it("gets no exception message information as the faked Error object is not containing any message information and therefore tries to stringify the whole exception", () => {
+      const expectedResult =
+        '{"stack":"This is a fake error object without message information"}';
+      let message = no_message_available;
+
+      const fakeErrorWithoutMessage = {
+        stack: "This is a fake error object without message information",
+      };
+
+      try {
+        throw fakeErrorWithoutMessage;
+      } catch (error) {
+        message = LogHelper.getExceptionMessage(error);
+      }
+
+      // check message
+      expect(message).toBe(expectedResult);
+    });
+
+    it("handles throwing null successfully and returning NO_MESSAGE_INCLUDED_IN_EXCEPTION string", () => {
+      const expectedResult = no_message_available;
+      let message = no_message_available;
+
+      const fakeError = null;
+
+      try {
+        throw fakeError;
+      } catch (error) {
+        message = LogHelper.getExceptionMessage(error);
+      }
+
+      // check message
+      expect(message).toBe(expectedResult);
+    });
+
+    it("handles throwing undefined successfully and returning NO_MESSAGE_INCLUDED_IN_EXCEPTION string", () => {
+      const expectedResult = no_message_available;
+      let message = no_message_available;
+
+      const fakeError = undefined;
+
+      try {
+        throw fakeError;
+      } catch (error) {
+        message = LogHelper.getExceptionMessage(error);
+      }
+
+      // check message
+      expect(message).toBe(expectedResult);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe("handling of custom exceptions", () => {
+    it("handles a thrown string", () => {
+      const expectedErrorMessage = errorMessage;
+      const expectedStack = no_stack_available;
+      let message = no_message_available;
+      let stack = no_stack_available;
+
+      try {
+        throw errorMessage;
+      } catch (error) {
+        message = LogHelper.getExceptionMessage(error);
+        stack = LogHelper.getExceptionStack(error);
+      }
+
+      // check message + stack
+      expect(message).toBe(expectedErrorMessage);
+      expect(stack).toBe(expectedStack);
+    });
+
+    it("handles a thrown number", () => {
+      const expectedErrorMessage = `${errorNumber}`;
+      const expectedStack = no_stack_available;
+      let message = no_message_available;
+      let stack = no_stack_available;
+
+      try {
+        throw errorNumber;
+      } catch (error) {
+        message = LogHelper.getExceptionMessage(error);
+        stack = LogHelper.getExceptionStack(error);
+      }
+
+      // check message + stack
+      expect(message).toBe(expectedErrorMessage);
+      expect(stack).toBe(expectedStack);
+    });
+
+    it("handles an arbitrary exception", () => {
+      const expectedErrorMessage = '{"error":"Oops"}';
+      const expectedStack = no_stack_available;
+      let message = no_message_available;
+      let stack = no_stack_available;
+      const arbitraryException = { error: errorMessage };
+
+      try {
+        throw arbitraryException;
+      } catch (error) {
+        message = LogHelper.getExceptionMessage(error);
+        stack = LogHelper.getExceptionStack(error);
+      }
+
+      // check message + stack
+      expect(message).toBe(expectedErrorMessage);
+      expect(stack).toBe(expectedStack);
+    });
+
+    it("handles nested exceptions", () => {
+      const expectedErrorMessage = "RTE3";
+      const expectedStackPart = "RTE1";
+      let message = no_message_available;
+      let stack = no_stack_available;
+      const rtE1 = new RuntimeError("RTE1");
+      const rtE2 = new RuntimeError("RTE2", rtE1);
+      const rtE3 = new RuntimeError("RTE3", rtE2);
+
+      try {
+        throw rtE3;
+      } catch (error) {
+        message = LogHelper.getExceptionMessage(error);
+        stack = LogHelper.getExceptionStack(error);
+      }
+
+      // check message + stack
+      expect(message).toBe(expectedErrorMessage);
+      expect(stack).toContain(expectedStackPart);
+    });
+  });
+});
diff --git a/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-xdai/src/main/typescript/web-services/deploy-contract-solidity-bytecode-endpoint.ts b/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-xdai/src/main/typescript/web-services/deploy-contract-solidity-bytecode-endpoint.ts
index 70e94a8f39..ff4bb4d0da 100644
--- a/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-xdai/src/main/typescript/web-services/deploy-contract-solidity-bytecode-endpoint.ts
+++ b/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-xdai/src/main/typescript/web-services/deploy-contract-solidity-bytecode-endpoint.ts
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ import {
   LogLevelDesc,
   LoggerProvider,
   IAsyncProvider,
+  LogHelper,
 } from "@hyperledger/cactus-common";
 
 import { registerWebServiceEndpoint } from "@hyperledger/cactus-core";
@@ -91,12 +92,21 @@ export class DeployContractSolidityBytecodeEndpoint
     try {
       const resBody = await this.options.connector.deployContract(reqBody);
       res.json(resBody);
-    } catch (ex) {
+    } catch (ex: unknown) {
+      const stack = LogHelper.getExceptionStack(ex);
+      const messages = LogHelper.getExceptionMessage(ex);
       this.log.error(`Crash while serving ${reqTag}`, ex);
-      res.status(500).json({
-        message: "Internal Server Error",
-        error: ex?.stack || ex?.message,
-      });
+      if (ex instanceof Error) {
+        res.status(500).json({
+          message: "Internal Server Error",
+          error: stack || messages,
+        });
+      } else {
+        res.status(500).json({
+          message: "Internal Server Error",
+          error: stack || messages,
+        });
+      }
     }
   }
 }
diff --git a/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-xdai/src/main/typescript/web-services/deploy-contract-solidity-bytecode-json-object-endpoint.ts b/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-xdai/src/main/typescript/web-services/deploy-contract-solidity-bytecode-json-object-endpoint.ts
index fef76c14b4..70e2abd446 100644
--- a/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-xdai/src/main/typescript/web-services/deploy-contract-solidity-bytecode-json-object-endpoint.ts
+++ b/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-xdai/src/main/typescript/web-services/deploy-contract-solidity-bytecode-json-object-endpoint.ts
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ import { registerWebServiceEndpoint } from "@hyperledger/cactus-core";
 import { PluginLedgerConnectorXdai } from "../plugin-ledger-connector-xdai";
 import { DeployContractJsonObjectV1Request } from "../generated/openapi/typescript-axios";
 import OAS from "../../json/openapi.json";
+import { LogHelper } from "@hyperledger/cactus-common";
 
 export interface IDeployContractSolidityBytecodeJsonObjectOptions {
   logLevel?: LogLevelDesc;
@@ -96,12 +97,21 @@ export class DeployContractSolidityBytecodeJsonObjectEndpoint
         reqBody,
       );
       res.json(resBody);
-    } catch (ex) {
+    } catch (ex: unknown) {
+      const stack = LogHelper.getExceptionStack(ex);
+      const messages = LogHelper.getExceptionMessage(ex);
       this.log.error(`Crash while serving ${reqTag}`, ex);
-      res.status(500).json({
-        message: "Internal Server Error",
-        error: ex?.stack || ex?.message,
-      });
+      if (ex instanceof Error) {
+        res.status(500).json({
+          message: "Internal Server Error",
+          error: stack || messages,
+        });
+      } else {
+        res.status(500).json({
+          message: "Internal Server Error",
+          error: stack || messages,
+        });
+      }
     }
   }
 }
diff --git a/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-xdai/src/main/typescript/web-services/get-prometheus-exporter-metrics-endpoint-v1.ts b/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-xdai/src/main/typescript/web-services/get-prometheus-exporter-metrics-endpoint-v1.ts
index ccac3b7803..ef724e3329 100644
--- a/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-xdai/src/main/typescript/web-services/get-prometheus-exporter-metrics-endpoint-v1.ts
+++ b/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-xdai/src/main/typescript/web-services/get-prometheus-exporter-metrics-endpoint-v1.ts
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ import {
   LoggerProvider,
   Checks,
   IAsyncProvider,
+  LogHelper,
 } from "@hyperledger/cactus-common";
 
 import { PluginLedgerConnectorXdai } from "../plugin-ledger-connector-xdai";
@@ -90,11 +91,19 @@ export class GetPrometheusExporterMetricsEndpointV1
       const resBody = await this.options.connector.getPrometheusExporterMetrics();
       res.status(200);
       res.send(resBody);
-    } catch (ex) {
+    } catch (ex: unknown) {
+      const stack = LogHelper.getExceptionStack(ex);
+      const messages = LogHelper.getExceptionMessage(ex);
       this.log.error(`${fnTag} failed to serve request`, ex);
-      res.status(500);
-      res.statusMessage = ex.message;
-      res.json({ error: ex.stack });
+      if (ex instanceof Error) {
+        res.status(500);
+        res.statusMessage = messages;
+        res.json({ error: stack });
+      } else {
+        res.status(500);
+        res.statusMessage = messages;
+        res.json({ error: stack });
+      }
     }
   }
 }
diff --git a/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-xdai/src/main/typescript/web-services/invoke-contract-endpoint.ts b/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-xdai/src/main/typescript/web-services/invoke-contract-endpoint.ts
index ef93f648d3..97e7778d3d 100644
--- a/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-xdai/src/main/typescript/web-services/invoke-contract-endpoint.ts
+++ b/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-xdai/src/main/typescript/web-services/invoke-contract-endpoint.ts
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import {
   LogLevelDesc,
   LoggerProvider,
   IAsyncProvider,
+  LogHelper,
 } from "@hyperledger/cactus-common";
 import {
   IEndpointAuthzOptions,
@@ -88,12 +89,21 @@ export class InvokeContractEndpoint implements IWebServiceEndpoint {
     try {
       const resBody = await this.options.connector.invokeContract(reqBody);
       res.json(resBody);
-    } catch (ex) {
+    } catch (ex: unknown) {
+      const stack = LogHelper.getExceptionStack(ex);
+      const messages = LogHelper.getExceptionMessage(ex);
       this.log.error(`Crash while serving ${reqTag}`, ex);
-      res.status(500).json({
-        message: "Internal Server Error",
-        error: ex?.stack || ex?.message,
-      });
+      if (ex instanceof Error) {
+        res.status(500).json({
+          message: "Internal Server Error",
+          error: stack || messages,
+        });
+      } else {
+        res.status(500).json({
+          message: "Internal Server Error",
+          error: stack || messages,
+        });
+      }
     }
   }
 }
diff --git a/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-xdai/src/main/typescript/web-services/invoke-contract-json-object-endpoint.ts b/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-xdai/src/main/typescript/web-services/invoke-contract-json-object-endpoint.ts
index 7a400e4199..325dd6d225 100644
--- a/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-xdai/src/main/typescript/web-services/invoke-contract-json-object-endpoint.ts
+++ b/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-xdai/src/main/typescript/web-services/invoke-contract-json-object-endpoint.ts
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import {
   LogLevelDesc,
   LoggerProvider,
   IAsyncProvider,
+  LogHelper,
 } from "@hyperledger/cactus-common";
 import {
   IEndpointAuthzOptions,
@@ -93,12 +94,21 @@ export class InvokeContractJsonObjectEndpoint implements IWebServiceEndpoint {
         reqBody,
       );
       res.json(resBody);
-    } catch (ex) {
+    } catch (ex: unknown) {
+      const stack = LogHelper.getExceptionStack(ex);
+      const messages = LogHelper.getExceptionMessage(ex);
       this.log.error(`Crash while serving ${reqTag}`, ex);
-      res.status(500).json({
-        message: "Internal Server Error",
-        error: ex?.stack || ex?.message,
-      });
+      if (ex instanceof Error) {
+        res.status(500).json({
+          message: "Internal Server Error",
+          error: stack || messages,
+        });
+      } else {
+        res.status(500).json({
+          message: "Internal Server Error",
+          error: stack || messages,
+        });
+      }
     }
   }
 }
diff --git a/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-xdai/src/main/typescript/web-services/run-transaction-endpoint.ts b/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-xdai/src/main/typescript/web-services/run-transaction-endpoint.ts
index d25d2e35fe..aafb58156b 100644
--- a/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-xdai/src/main/typescript/web-services/run-transaction-endpoint.ts
+++ b/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-xdai/src/main/typescript/web-services/run-transaction-endpoint.ts
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import {
   LogLevelDesc,
   LoggerProvider,
   IAsyncProvider,
+  LogHelper,
 } from "@hyperledger/cactus-common";
 import {
   IEndpointAuthzOptions,
@@ -17,6 +18,7 @@ import { registerWebServiceEndpoint } from "@hyperledger/cactus-core";
 import { PluginLedgerConnectorXdai } from "../plugin-ledger-connector-xdai";
 
 import OAS from "../../json/openapi.json";
+import axios from "axios";
 
 export interface IRunTransactionEndpointOptions {
   logLevel?: LogLevelDesc;
@@ -88,12 +90,21 @@ export class RunTransactionEndpoint implements IWebServiceEndpoint {
     try {
       const resBody = await this.options.connector.transact(reqBody);
       res.json({ success: true, data: resBody });
-    } catch (ex) {
+    } catch (ex: unknown) {
+      const stack = LogHelper.getExceptionStack(ex);
+      const messages = LogHelper.getExceptionMessage(ex);
       this.log.error(`Crash while serving ${reqTag}`, ex);
-      res.status(500).json({
-        message: "Internal Server Error",
-        error: ex?.stack || ex?.message,
-      });
+      if (axios.isAxiosError(ex)) {
+        res.status(500).json({
+          message: "Internal Server Error",
+          error: stack || messages,
+        });
+      } else {
+        res.status(500).json({
+          message: "Internal Server Error",
+          error: stack || messages,
+        });
+      }
     }
   }
 }
diff --git a/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-xdai/src/test/typescript/integration/deploy-contract-from-json-xdai-json-object.test.ts b/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-xdai/src/test/typescript/integration/deploy-contract-from-json-xdai-json-object.test.ts
index 323be6510d..bb38c15d2a 100644
--- a/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-xdai/src/test/typescript/integration/deploy-contract-from-json-xdai-json-object.test.ts
+++ b/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-xdai/src/test/typescript/integration/deploy-contract-from-json-xdai-json-object.test.ts
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ import bodyParser from "body-parser";
 import http from "http";
 import { AddressInfo } from "net";
 import { K_CACTUS_XDAI_TOTAL_TX_COUNT } from "../../../main/typescript/prometheus-exporter/metrics";
+import axios from "axios";
 
 const testCase = "deploys contract via .json file";
 const logLevel: LogLevelDesc = "TRACE";
@@ -227,12 +228,16 @@ test(testCase, async (t: Test) => {
         contractJSON: HelloWorldContractJson,
       });
       t2.ifError(setNameOutInvalid);
-    } catch (error) {
-      t2.notStrictEqual(
-        error,
-        "Nonce too low",
-        "setName() invocation with invalid nonce",
-      );
+    } catch (error: unknown) {
+      if (axios.isAxiosError(error)) {
+        t2.notStrictEqual(
+          error,
+          "Nonce too low",
+          "setName() invocation with invalid nonce",
+        );
+      } else {
+        t2.fail("expected an axios error, got something else");
+      }
     }
     const { callOutput: getNameOut } = await connector.invokeContractJsonObject(
       {
diff --git a/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-xdai/src/test/typescript/integration/deploy-contract-from-json-xdai.test.ts b/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-xdai/src/test/typescript/integration/deploy-contract-from-json-xdai.test.ts
index 634be16779..fff999dd22 100644
--- a/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-xdai/src/test/typescript/integration/deploy-contract-from-json-xdai.test.ts
+++ b/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-xdai/src/test/typescript/integration/deploy-contract-from-json-xdai.test.ts
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ import bodyParser from "body-parser";
 import http from "http";
 import { AddressInfo } from "net";
 import { K_CACTUS_XDAI_TOTAL_TX_COUNT } from "../../../main/typescript/prometheus-exporter/metrics";
+import axios from "axios";
 
 const testCase = "deploys contract via .json file";
 describe(testCase, () => {
@@ -248,8 +249,12 @@ describe(testCase, () => {
         nonce: 1,
       });
       fail("It should not reach here");
-    } catch (error) {
-      expect(error).not.toBe("Nonce too low");
+    } catch (error: unknown) {
+      if (axios.isAxiosError(error)) {
+        expect(error).not.toBe("Nonce too low");
+      } else {
+        fail("expected an axios error, got something else");
+      }
     }
     const { callOutput: getNameOut } = await connector.invokeContract({
       contractName,
@@ -347,8 +352,12 @@ describe(testCase, () => {
         nonce: 4,
       });
       fail("It should not reach here");
-    } catch (error) {
-      expect(error).not.toBe("Nonce too low");
+    } catch (error: unknown) {
+      if (axios.isAxiosError(error)) {
+        expect(error).not.toBe("Nonce too low");
+      } else {
+        fail("expected an axios error, got something else");
+      }
     }
 
     const { callOutput: getNameOut } = await connector.invokeContract({
diff --git a/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-xdai/src/test/typescript/integration/invoke-contract-xdai-json-object.test.ts b/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-xdai/src/test/typescript/integration/invoke-contract-xdai-json-object.test.ts
index 46d8917aa1..0f2b7ad241 100644
--- a/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-xdai/src/test/typescript/integration/invoke-contract-xdai-json-object.test.ts
+++ b/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-xdai/src/test/typescript/integration/invoke-contract-xdai-json-object.test.ts
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ import { LogLevelDesc } from "@hyperledger/cactus-common";
 import HelloWorldContractJson from "../../solidity/hello-world-contract/HelloWorld.json";
 import Web3 from "web3";
 import { PluginImportType } from "@hyperledger/cactus-core-api";
+import axios from "axios";
 
 test("deploys contract via .json file", async (t: Test) => {
   const logLevel: LogLevelDesc = "TRACE";
@@ -196,12 +197,16 @@ test("deploys contract via .json file", async (t: Test) => {
         contractJSON: HelloWorldContractJson,
       });
       t2.ifError(setNameOutInvalid.transactionReceipt);
-    } catch (error) {
-      t2.notStrictEqual(
-        error,
-        "Nonce too low",
-        "setName() invocation with invalid nonce",
-      );
+    } catch (error: unknown) {
+      if (axios.isAxiosError(error)) {
+        t2.notStrictEqual(
+          error,
+          "Nonce too low",
+          "setName() invocation with invalid nonce",
+        );
+      } else {
+        t2.fail("expected an axios error, got something else");
+      }
     }
     const { callOutput: getNameOut } = await connector.invokeContractJsonObject(
       {
diff --git a/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-xdai/src/test/typescript/integration/invoke-contract-xdai.test.ts b/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-xdai/src/test/typescript/integration/invoke-contract-xdai.test.ts
index a426c9a00f..cbfa7bfd1d 100644
--- a/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-xdai/src/test/typescript/integration/invoke-contract-xdai.test.ts
+++ b/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-xdai/src/test/typescript/integration/invoke-contract-xdai.test.ts
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ import { LogLevelDesc } from "@hyperledger/cactus-common";
 import HelloWorldContractJson from "../../solidity/hello-world-contract/HelloWorld.json";
 import Web3 from "web3";
 import { PluginImportType } from "@hyperledger/cactus-core-api";
+import axios from "axios";
 
 const logLevel: LogLevelDesc = "TRACE";
 let xdaiTestLedger: OpenEthereumTestLedger;
@@ -204,8 +205,12 @@ describe(testCase, () => {
         nonce: 1,
       });
       fail("invalid nonce should have thrown");
-    } catch (error: any) {
-      expect(error.message).toContain("Transaction nonce is too low.");
+    } catch (error: unknown) {
+      if (axios.isAxiosError(error)) {
+        expect(error.message).toContain("Transaction nonce is too low.");
+      } else {
+        fail("expected an axios error, got something else");
+      }
     }
     const { callOutput: getNameOut } = await connector.invokeContract({
       contractName,
@@ -302,10 +307,14 @@ describe(testCase, () => {
         nonce: 4,
       });
       fail("invalid nonce should have thrown");
-    } catch (error: any) {
-      expect(error.message).toContain(
-        "Transaction with the same hash was already imported",
-      );
+    } catch (error: unknown) {
+      if (axios.isAxiosError(error)) {
+        expect(error.message).toContain(
+          "Transaction with the same hash was already imported",
+        );
+      } else {
+        fail("expected an axios error, got something else");
+      }
     }
     const { callOutput: getNameOut } = await connector.invokeContract({
       contractName,
diff --git a/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-xdai/src/test/typescript/integration/openapi/openapi-validation-no-keychain.test.ts b/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-xdai/src/test/typescript/integration/openapi/openapi-validation-no-keychain.test.ts
index e5e8b8cf9f..bb6d4bdb4e 100644
--- a/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-xdai/src/test/typescript/integration/openapi/openapi-validation-no-keychain.test.ts
+++ b/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-xdai/src/test/typescript/integration/openapi/openapi-validation-no-keychain.test.ts
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ import {
 
 import { installOpenapiValidationMiddleware } from "@hyperledger/cactus-core";
 import OAS from "../../../../main/json/openapi.json";
+import axios from "axios";
 
 const testCase = "xDai API";
 const logLevel: LogLevelDesc = "TRACE";
@@ -141,19 +142,23 @@ test(testCase, async (t: Test) => {
       await apiClient.deployContractJsonObjectV1(
         (parameters as any) as DeployContractJsonObjectV1Request,
       );
-    } catch (e) {
-      t2.equal(
-        e.response.status,
-        400,
-        `Endpoint ${fDeploy} without required contractJSON: response.status === 400 OK`,
-      );
-      const fields = e.response.data.map((param: any) =>
-        param.path.replace(".body.", ""),
-      );
-      t2.ok(
-        fields.includes("contractJSON"),
-        "Rejected because contractJSON is required",
-      );
+    } catch (e: unknown) {
+      if (axios.isAxiosError(e)) {
+        t2.equal(
+          e.response?.status,
+          400,
+          `Endpoint ${fDeploy} without required contractJSON: response.status === 400 OK`,
+        );
+        const fields = e.response?.data.map((param: any) =>
+          param.path.replace(".body.", ""),
+        );
+        t2.ok(
+          fields.includes("contractJSON"),
+          "Rejected because contractJSON is required",
+        );
+      } else {
+        t2.fail("expected an axios error, got something else");
+      }
     }
 
     t2.end();
@@ -175,19 +180,23 @@ test(testCase, async (t: Test) => {
       await apiClient.deployContractJsonObjectV1(
         (parameters as any) as DeployContractJsonObjectV1Request,
       );
-    } catch (e) {
-      t2.equal(
-        e.response.status,
-        400,
-        `Endpoint ${fDeploy} with fake=4: response.status === 400 OK`,
-      );
-      const fields = e.response.data.map((param: any) =>
-        param.path.replace(".body.", ""),
-      );
-      t2.ok(
-        fields.includes("fake"),
-        "Rejected because fake is not a valid parameter",
-      );
+    } catch (e: unknown) {
+      if (axios.isAxiosError(e)) {
+        t2.equal(
+          e.response?.status,
+          400,
+          `Endpoint ${fDeploy} with fake=4: response.status === 400 OK`,
+        );
+        const fields = e.response?.data.map((param: any) =>
+          param.path.replace(".body.", ""),
+        );
+        t2.ok(
+          fields.includes("fake"),
+          "Rejected because fake is not a valid parameter",
+        );
+      } else {
+        t2.fail("expected an axios error, got something else");
+      }
     }
 
     t2.end();
@@ -236,19 +245,23 @@ test(testCase, async (t: Test) => {
       await apiClient.invokeContractJsonObject(
         (parameters as any) as InvokeContractJsonObjectV1Request,
       );
-    } catch (e) {
-      t2.equal(
-        e.response.status,
-        400,
-        `Endpoint ${fInvoke} without required contractJSON: response.status === 400 OK`,
-      );
-      const fields = e.response.data.map((param: any) =>
-        param.path.replace(".body.", ""),
-      );
-      t2.ok(
-        fields.includes("contractJSON"),
-        "Rejected because contractJSON is required",
-      );
+    } catch (e: unknown) {
+      if (axios.isAxiosError(e)) {
+        t2.equal(
+          e.response?.status,
+          400,
+          `Endpoint ${fInvoke} without required contractJSON: response.status === 400 OK`,
+        );
+        const fields = e.response?.data.map((param: any) =>
+          param.path.replace(".body.", ""),
+        );
+        t2.ok(
+          fields.includes("contractJSON"),
+          "Rejected because contractJSON is required",
+        );
+      } else {
+        t2.fail("expected an axios error, got something else");
+      }
     }
 
     t2.end();
@@ -273,19 +286,23 @@ test(testCase, async (t: Test) => {
       await apiClient.invokeContractJsonObject(
         (parameters as any) as InvokeContractJsonObjectV1Request,
       );
-    } catch (e) {
-      t2.equal(
-        e.response.status,
-        400,
-        `Endpoint ${fInvoke} with fake=4: response.status === 400 OK`,
-      );
-      const fields = e.response.data.map((param: any) =>
-        param.path.replace(".body.", ""),
-      );
-      t2.ok(
-        fields.includes("fake"),
-        "Rejected because fake is not a valid parameter",
-      );
+    } catch (e: unknown) {
+      if (axios.isAxiosError(e)) {
+        t2.equal(
+          e.response?.status,
+          400,
+          `Endpoint ${fInvoke} with fake=4: response.status === 400 OK`,
+        );
+        const fields = e.response?.data.map((param: any) =>
+          param.path.replace(".body.", ""),
+        );
+        t2.ok(
+          fields.includes("fake"),
+          "Rejected because fake is not a valid parameter",
+        );
+      } else {
+        t2.fail("expected an axios error, got something else");
+      }
     }
 
     t2.end();
diff --git a/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-xdai/src/test/typescript/integration/openapi/openapi-validation.test.ts b/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-xdai/src/test/typescript/integration/openapi/openapi-validation.test.ts
index 4463ebfa46..f485999f6b 100644
--- a/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-xdai/src/test/typescript/integration/openapi/openapi-validation.test.ts
+++ b/packages/cactus-plugin-ledger-connector-xdai/src/test/typescript/integration/openapi/openapi-validation.test.ts
@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ import {
 
 import { installOpenapiValidationMiddleware } from "@hyperledger/cactus-core";
 import OAS from "../../../../main/json/openapi.json";
+import axios from "axios";
 
 const testCase = "xDai API";
 const logLevel: LogLevelDesc = "TRACE";
@@ -165,19 +166,23 @@ test(testCase, async (t: Test) => {
       await apiClient.deployContractV1(
         (parameters as any) as DeployContractV1Request,
       );
-    } catch (e) {
-      t2.equal(
-        e.response.status,
-        400,
-        `Endpoint ${fDeploy} without required keychainId: response.status === 400 OK`,
-      );
-      const fields = e.response.data.map((param: any) =>
-        param.path.replace(".body.", ""),
-      );
-      t2.ok(
-        fields.includes("keychainId"),
-        "Rejected because keychainId is required",
-      );
+    } catch (e: unknown) {
+      if (axios.isAxiosError(e)) {
+        t2.equal(
+          e.response?.status,
+          400,
+          `Endpoint ${fDeploy} without required keychainId: response.status === 400 OK`,
+        );
+        const fields = e.response?.data.map((param: any) =>
+          param.path.replace(".body.", ""),
+        );
+        t2.ok(
+          fields.includes("keychainId"),
+          "Rejected because keychainId is required",
+        );
+      } else {
+        t2.fail("expected an axios error, got something else");
+      }
     }
 
     t2.end();
@@ -200,19 +205,23 @@ test(testCase, async (t: Test) => {
       await apiClient.deployContractV1(
         (parameters as any) as DeployContractV1Request,
       );
-    } catch (e) {
-      t2.equal(
-        e.response.status,
-        400,
-        `Endpoint ${fDeploy} with fake=4: response.status === 400 OK`,
-      );
-      const fields = e.response.data.map((param: any) =>
-        param.path.replace(".body.", ""),
-      );
-      t2.ok(
-        fields.includes("fake"),
-        "Rejected because fake is not a valid parameter",
-      );
+    } catch (e: unknown) {
+      if (axios.isAxiosError(e)) {
+        t2.equal(
+          e.response?.status,
+          400,
+          `Endpoint ${fDeploy} with fake=4: response.status === 400 OK`,
+        );
+        const fields = e.response?.data.map((param: any) =>
+          param.path.replace(".body.", ""),
+        );
+        t2.ok(
+          fields.includes("fake"),
+          "Rejected because fake is not a valid parameter",
+        );
+      } else {
+        t2.fail("expected an axios error, got something else");
+      }
     }
 
     t2.end();
@@ -261,19 +270,23 @@ test(testCase, async (t: Test) => {
       await apiClient.invokeContractV1(
         (parameters as any) as InvokeContractV1Request,
       );
-    } catch (e) {
-      t2.equal(
-        e.response.status,
-        400,
-        `Endpoint ${fInvoke} without required contractName: response.status === 400 OK`,
-      );
-      const fields = e.response.data.map((param: any) =>
-        param.path.replace(".body.", ""),
-      );
-      t2.ok(
-        fields.includes("contractName"),
-        "Rejected because contractName is required",
-      );
+    } catch (e: unknown) {
+      if (axios.isAxiosError(e)) {
+        t2.equal(
+          e.response?.status,
+          400,
+          `Endpoint ${fInvoke} without required contractName: response.status === 400 OK`,
+        );
+        const fields = e.response?.data.map((param: any) =>
+          param.path.replace(".body.", ""),
+        );
+        t2.ok(
+          fields.includes("contractName"),
+          "Rejected because contractName is required",
+        );
+      } else {
+        t2.fail("expected an axios error, got something else");
+      }
     }
 
     t2.end();
@@ -298,19 +311,23 @@ test(testCase, async (t: Test) => {
       await apiClient.invokeContractV1(
         (parameters as any) as InvokeContractV1Request,
       );
-    } catch (e) {
-      t2.equal(
-        e.response.status,
-        400,
-        `Endpoint ${fInvoke} with fake=4: response.status === 400 OK`,
-      );
-      const fields = e.response.data.map((param: any) =>
-        param.path.replace(".body.", ""),
-      );
-      t2.ok(
-        fields.includes("fake"),
-        "Rejected because fake is not a valid parameter",
-      );
+    } catch (e: unknown) {
+      if (axios.isAxiosError(e)) {
+        t2.equal(
+          e.response?.status,
+          400,
+          `Endpoint ${fInvoke} with fake=4: response.status === 400 OK`,
+        );
+        const fields = e.response?.data.map((param: any) =>
+          param.path.replace(".body.", ""),
+        );
+        t2.ok(
+          fields.includes("fake"),
+          "Rejected because fake is not a valid parameter",
+        );
+      } else {
+        t2.fail("expected an axios error, got something else");
+      }
     }
 
     t2.end();
@@ -361,19 +378,23 @@ test(testCase, async (t: Test) => {
       await apiClient.runTransactionV1(
         (parameters as any) as RunTransactionV1Request,
       );
-    } catch (e) {
-      t2.equal(
-        e.response.status,
-        400,
-        `Endpoint ${fRun} without required consistencyStrategy: response.status === 400 OK`,
-      );
-      const fields = e.response.data.map((param: any) =>
-        param.path.replace(".body.", ""),
-      );
-      t2.ok(
-        fields.includes("consistencyStrategy"),
-        "Rejected because consistencyStrategy is required",
-      );
+    } catch (e: unknown) {
+      if (axios.isAxiosError(e)) {
+        t2.equal(
+          e.response?.status,
+          400,
+          `Endpoint ${fRun} without required consistencyStrategy: response.status === 400 OK`,
+        );
+        const fields = e.response?.data.map((param: any) =>
+          param.path.replace(".body.", ""),
+        );
+        t2.ok(
+          fields.includes("consistencyStrategy"),
+          "Rejected because consistencyStrategy is required",
+        );
+      } else {
+        t2.fail("expected an axios error, got something else");
+      }
     }
 
     t2.end();
@@ -403,19 +424,23 @@ test(testCase, async (t: Test) => {
       await apiClient.runTransactionV1(
         (parameters as any) as RunTransactionV1Request,
       );
-    } catch (e) {
-      t2.equal(
-        e.response.status,
-        400,
-        `Endpoint ${fRun} with fake=4: response.status === 400 OK`,
-      );
-      const fields = e.response.data.map((param: any) =>
-        param.path.replace(".body.", ""),
-      );
-      t2.ok(
-        fields.includes("fake"),
-        "Rejected because fake is not a valid parameter",
-      );
+    } catch (e: unknown) {
+      if (axios.isAxiosError(e)) {
+        t2.equal(
+          e.response?.status,
+          400,
+          `Endpoint ${fRun} with fake=4: response.status === 400 OK`,
+        );
+        const fields = e.response?.data.map((param: any) =>
+          param.path.replace(".body.", ""),
+        );
+        t2.ok(
+          fields.includes("fake"),
+          "Rejected because fake is not a valid parameter",
+        );
+      } else {
+        t2.fail("expected an axios error, got something else");
+      }
     }
 
     t2.end();