From e0dc7f16c562869d8b48d63f9ee049a413b2f1a2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Miguel Grinberg <miguel.grinberg@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 27 Jun 2018 16:20:34 -0700
Subject: [PATCH] Tornado 5 support

---
 README.rst                              |    3 +-
 engineio/__init__.py                    |    3 +-
 engineio/async_aiohttp.py               |    2 +-
 engineio/async_sanic.py                 |    2 +-
 engineio/async_tornado.py               |  154 +
 engineio/asyncio_server.py              |   12 +-
 examples/README.rst                     |    6 +
 examples/tornado/README.rst             |   39 +
 examples/tornado/latency.py             |   41 +
 examples/tornado/requirements.txt       |    3 +
 examples/tornado/simple.py              |   53 +
 examples/tornado/static/engine.io.js    | 4245 +++++++++++++++++++++++
 examples/tornado/static/style.css       |    4 +
 examples/tornado/templates/latency.html |   64 +
 examples/tornado/templates/simple.html  |   28 +
 tests/test_async_aiohttp.py             |    2 +-
 tests/test_asyncio_server.py            |    2 +-
 17 files changed, 4652 insertions(+), 11 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 engineio/async_tornado.py
 create mode 100644 examples/tornado/README.rst
 create mode 100755 examples/tornado/latency.py
 create mode 100644 examples/tornado/requirements.txt
 create mode 100755 examples/tornado/simple.py
 create mode 100644 examples/tornado/static/engine.io.js
 create mode 100644 examples/tornado/static/style.css
 create mode 100644 examples/tornado/templates/latency.html
 create mode 100644 examples/tornado/templates/simple.html

diff --git a/README.rst b/README.rst
index 71ad5a7c..59c27360 100644
--- a/README.rst
+++ b/README.rst
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ Features
 
 - Fully compatible with the Javascript `engine.io-client`_ library, versions 1.5.0 and up.
 - Compatible with Python 2.7 and Python 3.3+.
-- Supports large number of clients even on modest hardware when used with an asynchronous server based on `asyncio`_(`sanic`_ or `aiohttp`_), `eventlet`_ or `gevent`_. For development and testing, any WSGI compliant multi-threaded server can be used.
+- Supports large number of clients even on modest hardware when used with an asynchronous server based on `asyncio`_(`sanic`_, `aiohttp`_ or `tornado`_), `eventlet`_ or `gevent`_. For development and testing, any WSGI compliant multi-threaded server can be used.
 - Includes a WSGI middleware that integrates Engine.IO traffic with standard WSGI applications.
 - Uses an event-based architecture implemented with decorators that hides the details of the protocol.
 - Implements HTTP long-polling and WebSocket transports.
@@ -111,6 +111,7 @@ Resources
 .. _asyncio: https://docs.python.org/3/library/asyncio.html
 .. _sanic: http://sanic.readthedocs.io/
 .. _aiohttp: http://aiohttp.readthedocs.io/
+.. _tornado: http://www.tornadoweb.org/
 .. _eventlet: http://eventlet.net/
 .. _gevent: http://gevent.org/
 .. _aiohttp: http://aiohttp.readthedocs.io/
diff --git a/engineio/__init__.py b/engineio/__init__.py
index 8c832cc1..52b86721 100644
--- a/engineio/__init__.py
+++ b/engineio/__init__.py
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 from .server import Server
 if sys.version_info >= (3, 5):  # pragma: no cover
     from .asyncio_server import AsyncServer
+    from .async_tornado import get_tornado_handler
 else:  # pragma: no cover
     AsyncServer = None
 
@@ -11,4 +12,4 @@
 
 __all__ = ['__version__', 'Middleware', 'Server']
 if AsyncServer is not None:  # pragma: no cover
-    __all__.append('AsyncServer')
+    __all__ += ['AsyncServer', 'get_tornado_handler']
diff --git a/engineio/async_aiohttp.py b/engineio/async_aiohttp.py
index d0e2a564..ad0252df 100644
--- a/engineio/async_aiohttp.py
+++ b/engineio/async_aiohttp.py
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ def translate_request(request):
     return environ
 
 
-def make_response(status, headers, payload):
+def make_response(status, headers, payload, environ):
     """This function generates an appropriate response object for this async
     mode.
     """
diff --git a/engineio/async_sanic.py b/engineio/async_sanic.py
index 8ff2eb8c..d150aac0 100644
--- a/engineio/async_sanic.py
+++ b/engineio/async_sanic.py
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ async def read(self, length=None):
     return environ
 
 
-def make_response(status, headers, payload):
+def make_response(status, headers, payload, environ):
     """This function generates an appropriate response object for this async
     mode.
     """
diff --git a/engineio/async_tornado.py b/engineio/async_tornado.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ea9c14da
--- /dev/null
+++ b/engineio/async_tornado.py
@@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
+import asyncio
+import sys
+from urllib.parse import urlsplit
+
+try:
+    import tornado.web
+    import tornado.websocket
+except ImportError:
+    pass
+import six
+
+
+def get_tornado_handler(engineio_server):
+    class Handler(tornado.websocket.WebSocketHandler):
+        def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+            super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+            self.receive_queue = asyncio.Queue()
+
+        async def get(self):
+            if self.request.headers.get('Upgrade', '').lower() == 'websocket':
+                super().get()
+            await engineio_server.handle_request(self)
+
+        async def post(self):
+            await engineio_server.handle_request(self)
+
+        async def options(self):
+            await engineio_server.handle_request(self)
+
+        async def on_message(self, message):
+            await self.receive_queue.put(message)
+
+        async def get_next_message(self):
+            return await self.receive_queue.get()
+
+        def on_close(self):
+            self.receive_queue.put_nowait(None)
+
+    return Handler
+
+
+def translate_request(handler):
+    """This function takes the arguments passed to the request handler and
+    uses them to generate a WSGI compatible environ dictionary.
+    """
+    class AwaitablePayload(object):
+        def __init__(self, payload):
+            self.payload = payload or b''
+
+        async def read(self, length=None):
+            if length is None:
+                r = self.payload
+                self.payload = b''
+            else:
+                r = self.payload[:length]
+                self.payload = self.payload[length:]
+            return r
+
+    payload = handler.request.body
+
+    uri_parts = urlsplit(handler.request.path)
+    environ = {
+        'wsgi.input': AwaitablePayload(payload),
+        'wsgi.errors': sys.stderr,
+        'wsgi.version': (1, 0),
+        'wsgi.async': True,
+        'wsgi.multithread': False,
+        'wsgi.multiprocess': False,
+        'wsgi.run_once': False,
+        'SERVER_SOFTWARE': 'aiohttp',
+        'REQUEST_METHOD': handler.request.method,
+        'QUERY_STRING': handler.request.query or '',
+        'RAW_URI': handler.request.path,
+        'SERVER_PROTOCOL': 'HTTP/%s' % handler.request.version,
+        'REMOTE_ADDR': '127.0.0.1',
+        'REMOTE_PORT': '0',
+        'SERVER_NAME': 'aiohttp',
+        'SERVER_PORT': '0',
+        'tornado.handler': handler
+    }
+
+    for hdr_name, hdr_value in handler.request.headers.items():
+        hdr_name = hdr_name.upper()
+        if hdr_name == 'CONTENT-TYPE':
+            environ['CONTENT_TYPE'] = hdr_value
+            continue
+        elif hdr_name == 'CONTENT-LENGTH':
+            environ['CONTENT_LENGTH'] = hdr_value
+            continue
+
+        key = 'HTTP_%s' % hdr_name.replace('-', '_')
+        if key in environ:
+            hdr_value = '%s,%s' % (environ[key], hdr_value)
+
+        environ[key] = hdr_value
+
+    environ['wsgi.url_scheme'] = environ.get('HTTP_X_FORWARDED_PROTO', 'http')
+
+    path_info = uri_parts.path
+
+    environ['PATH_INFO'] = path_info
+    environ['SCRIPT_NAME'] = ''
+
+    return environ
+
+
+def make_response(status, headers, payload, environ):
+    """This function generates an appropriate response object for this async
+    mode.
+    """
+    tornado_handler = environ['tornado.handler']
+    tornado_handler.set_status(int(status.split()[0]))
+    for header, value in headers:
+        tornado_handler.set_header(header, value)
+    tornado_handler.write(payload)
+    tornado_handler.finish()
+
+
+class WebSocket(object):  # pragma: no cover
+    """
+    This wrapper class provides a tornado WebSocket interface that is
+    somewhat compatible with eventlet's implementation.
+    """
+    def __init__(self, handler):
+        self.handler = handler
+        self.tornado_handler = None
+
+    async def __call__(self, environ):
+        self.tornado_handler = environ['tornado.handler']
+        self.environ = environ
+        await self.handler(self)
+
+    async def close(self):
+        self.tornado_handler.close()
+
+    async def send(self, message):
+        self.tornado_handler.write_message(
+            message, binary=isinstance(message, bytes))
+
+    async def wait(self):
+        msg = await self.tornado_handler.get_next_message()
+        if not isinstance(msg, six.binary_type) and \
+                not isinstance(msg, six.text_type):
+            raise IOError()
+        return msg
+
+
+_async = {
+    'asyncio': True,
+    'translate_request': translate_request,
+    'make_response': make_response,
+    'websocket': sys.modules[__name__],
+    'websocket_class': 'WebSocket'
+}
diff --git a/engineio/asyncio_server.py b/engineio/asyncio_server.py
index 1dc919d0..e1afe8a4 100644
--- a/engineio/asyncio_server.py
+++ b/engineio/asyncio_server.py
@@ -18,9 +18,10 @@ class AsyncServer(server.Server):
 
     :param async_mode: The asynchronous model to use. See the Deployment
                        section in the documentation for a description of the
-                       available options. Valid async modes are "aiohttp". If
-                       this argument is not given, an async mode is chosen
-                       based on the installed packages.
+                       available options. Valid async modes are "aiohttp",
+                       "sanic" and "tornado". If this argument is not given,
+                       an async mode is chosen based on the installed
+                       packages.
     :param ping_timeout: The time in seconds that the client waits for the
                          server to respond before disconnecting.
     :param ping_interval: The interval in seconds at which the client pings
@@ -55,7 +56,7 @@ def is_asyncio_based(self):
         return True
 
     def async_modes(self):
-        return ['aiohttp', 'sanic']
+        return ['aiohttp', 'sanic', 'tornado']
 
     def attach(self, app, engineio_path='engine.io'):
         """Attach the Engine.IO server to an application."""
@@ -192,7 +193,8 @@ async def handle_request(self, *args, **kwargs):
         cors_headers = self._cors_headers(environ)
         return self._async['make_response'](r['status'],
                                             r['headers'] + cors_headers,
-                                            r['response'])
+                                            r['response'],
+                                            environ)
 
     def start_background_task(self, target, *args, **kwargs):
         """Start a background task using the appropriate async model.
diff --git a/examples/README.rst b/examples/README.rst
index 710d3a86..54bffea2 100644
--- a/examples/README.rst
+++ b/examples/README.rst
@@ -18,3 +18,9 @@ sanic
 -----
 
 Examples that are compatible with the sanic framework for asyncio.
+
+
+tornado
+-------
+
+Examples that are compatible with the Tornado framework.
diff --git a/examples/tornado/README.rst b/examples/tornado/README.rst
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0ac52d62
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/tornado/README.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+Engine.IO Examples
+==================
+
+This directory contains example Engine.IO applications that are compatible
+with the Tornado framework. These applications require Tornado 5 and Python
+3.5 or later.
+
+simple.py
+---------
+
+A basic application in which the client sends messages to the server and the
+server responds.
+
+latency.py
+----------
+
+A port of the latency application included in the official Engine.IO
+Javascript server. In this application the client sends *ping* messages to
+the server, which are responded by the server with a *pong*. The client
+measures the time it takes for each of these exchanges and plots these in real
+time to the page.
+
+This is an ideal application to measure the performance of the different
+asynchronous modes supported by the Engine.IO server.
+
+Running the Examples
+--------------------
+
+To run these examples, create a virtual environment, install the requirements
+and then run::
+
+    $ python simple.py
+
+or::
+
+    $ python latency.py
+
+You can then access the application from your web browser at
+``http://localhost:8888``.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/examples/tornado/latency.py b/examples/tornado/latency.py
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..d147ea4f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/tornado/latency.py
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+import os
+
+import tornado.ioloop
+from tornado.options import define, options, parse_command_line
+import tornado.web
+
+import engineio
+
+define("port", default=8888, help="run on the given port", type=int)
+define("debug", default=False, help="run in debug mode")
+
+eio = engineio.AsyncServer(async_mode='tornado')
+
+
+class MainHandler(tornado.web.RequestHandler):
+    def get(self):
+        self.render("latency.html")
+
+
+@eio.on('message')
+async def message(sid, data):
+    await eio.send(sid, 'pong', binary=False)
+
+
+def main():
+    parse_command_line()
+    app = tornado.web.Application(
+        [
+            (r"/", MainHandler),
+            (r"/engine.io/", engineio.get_tornado_handler(eio)),
+        ],
+        template_path=os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), "templates"),
+        static_path=os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), "static"),
+        debug=options.debug,
+    )
+    app.listen(options.port)
+    tornado.ioloop.IOLoop.current().start()
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()
diff --git a/examples/tornado/requirements.txt b/examples/tornado/requirements.txt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ba598740
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/tornado/requirements.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+tornado==5.0.2
+python-engineio
+six==1.10.0
diff --git a/examples/tornado/simple.py b/examples/tornado/simple.py
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..15f3da74
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/tornado/simple.py
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+import os
+
+import tornado.ioloop
+from tornado.options import define, options, parse_command_line
+import tornado.web
+
+import engineio
+from engineio.async_tornado import get_engineio_handler
+
+define("port", default=8888, help="run on the given port", type=int)
+define("debug", default=False, help="run in debug mode")
+
+eio = engineio.AsyncServer(async_mode='tornado')
+
+
+class MainHandler(tornado.web.RequestHandler):
+    def get(self):
+        self.render("simple.html")
+
+
+@eio.on('connect')
+def connect(sid, environ):
+    print("connect ", sid)
+
+
+@eio.on('message')
+async def message(sid, data):
+    print('message from', sid, data)
+    await eio.send(sid, 'Thank you for your message!', binary=False)
+
+
+@eio.on('disconnect')
+def disconnect(sid):
+    print('disconnect ', sid)
+
+
+def main():
+    parse_command_line()
+    app = tornado.web.Application(
+        [
+            (r"/", MainHandler),
+            (r"/engine.io/", engineio.get_tornado_handler(eio)),
+        ],
+        template_path=os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), "templates"),
+        static_path=os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), "static"),
+        debug=options.debug,
+    )
+    app.listen(options.port)
+    tornado.ioloop.IOLoop.current().start()
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/examples/tornado/static/engine.io.js b/examples/tornado/static/engine.io.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ec00ad08
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/tornado/static/engine.io.js
@@ -0,0 +1,4245 @@
+!function(e){if("object"==typeof exports&&"undefined"!=typeof module)module.exports=e();else if("function"==typeof define&&define.amd)define([],e);else{var f;"undefined"!=typeof window?f=window:"undefined"!=typeof global?f=global:"undefined"!=typeof self&&(f=self),f.eio=e()}}(function(){var define,module,exports;return (function e(t,n,r){function s(o,u){if(!n[o]){if(!t[o]){var a=typeof require=="function"&&require;if(!u&&a)return a(o,!0);if(i)return i(o,!0);var f=new Error("Cannot find module '"+o+"'");throw f.code="MODULE_NOT_FOUND",f}var l=n[o]={exports:{}};t[o][0].call(l.exports,function(e){var n=t[o][1][e];return s(n?n:e)},l,l.exports,e,t,n,r)}return n[o].exports}var i=typeof require=="function"&&require;for(var o=0;o<r.length;o++)s(r[o]);return s})({1:[function(_dereq_,module,exports){
+
+module.exports =  _dereq_('./lib/');
+
+},{"./lib/":2}],2:[function(_dereq_,module,exports){
+
+module.exports = _dereq_('./socket');
+
+/**
+ * Exports parser
+ *
+ * @api public
+ *
+ */
+module.exports.parser = _dereq_('engine.io-parser');
+
+},{"./socket":3,"engine.io-parser":20}],3:[function(_dereq_,module,exports){
+(function (global){
+/**
+ * Module dependencies.
+ */
+
+var transports = _dereq_('./transports');
+var Emitter = _dereq_('component-emitter');
+var debug = _dereq_('debug')('engine.io-client:socket');
+var index = _dereq_('indexof');
+var parser = _dereq_('engine.io-parser');
+var parseuri = _dereq_('parseuri');
+var parsejson = _dereq_('parsejson');
+var parseqs = _dereq_('parseqs');
+
+/**
+ * Module exports.
+ */
+
+module.exports = Socket;
+
+/**
+ * Noop function.
+ *
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+function noop(){}
+
+/**
+ * Socket constructor.
+ *
+ * @param {String|Object} uri or options
+ * @param {Object} options
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+function Socket(uri, opts){
+  if (!(this instanceof Socket)) return new Socket(uri, opts);
+
+  opts = opts || {};
+
+  if (uri && 'object' == typeof uri) {
+    opts = uri;
+    uri = null;
+  }
+
+  if (uri) {
+    uri = parseuri(uri);
+    opts.hostname = uri.host;
+    opts.secure = uri.protocol == 'https' || uri.protocol == 'wss';
+    opts.port = uri.port;
+    if (uri.query) opts.query = uri.query;
+  } else if (opts.host) {
+    opts.hostname = parseuri(opts.host).host;
+  }
+
+  this.secure = null != opts.secure ? opts.secure :
+    (global.location && 'https:' == location.protocol);
+
+  if (opts.hostname && !opts.port) {
+    // if no port is specified manually, use the protocol default
+    opts.port = this.secure ? '443' : '80';
+  }
+
+  this.agent = opts.agent || false;
+  this.hostname = opts.hostname ||
+    (global.location ? location.hostname : 'localhost');
+  this.port = opts.port || (global.location && location.port ?
+       location.port :
+       (this.secure ? 443 : 80));
+  this.query = opts.query || {};
+  if ('string' == typeof this.query) this.query = parseqs.decode(this.query);
+  this.upgrade = false !== opts.upgrade;
+  this.path = (opts.path || '/engine.io').replace(/\/$/, '') + '/';
+  this.forceJSONP = !!opts.forceJSONP;
+  this.jsonp = false !== opts.jsonp;
+  this.forceBase64 = !!opts.forceBase64;
+  this.enablesXDR = !!opts.enablesXDR;
+  this.timestampParam = opts.timestampParam || 't';
+  this.timestampRequests = opts.timestampRequests;
+  this.transports = opts.transports || ['polling', 'websocket'];
+  this.readyState = '';
+  this.writeBuffer = [];
+  this.policyPort = opts.policyPort || 843;
+  this.rememberUpgrade = opts.rememberUpgrade || false;
+  this.binaryType = null;
+  this.onlyBinaryUpgrades = opts.onlyBinaryUpgrades;
+  this.perMessageDeflate = false !== opts.perMessageDeflate ? (opts.perMessageDeflate || {}) : false;
+
+  if (true === this.perMessageDeflate) this.perMessageDeflate = {};
+  if (this.perMessageDeflate && null == this.perMessageDeflate.threshold) {
+    this.perMessageDeflate.threshold = 1024;
+  }
+
+  // SSL options for Node.js client
+  this.pfx = opts.pfx || null;
+  this.key = opts.key || null;
+  this.passphrase = opts.passphrase || null;
+  this.cert = opts.cert || null;
+  this.ca = opts.ca || null;
+  this.ciphers = opts.ciphers || null;
+  this.rejectUnauthorized = opts.rejectUnauthorized === undefined ? true : opts.rejectUnauthorized;
+
+  // other options for Node.js client
+  var freeGlobal = typeof global == 'object' && global;
+  if (freeGlobal.global === freeGlobal) {
+    if (opts.extraHeaders && Object.keys(opts.extraHeaders).length > 0) {
+      this.extraHeaders = opts.extraHeaders;
+    }
+  }
+
+  this.open();
+}
+
+Socket.priorWebsocketSuccess = false;
+
+/**
+ * Mix in `Emitter`.
+ */
+
+Emitter(Socket.prototype);
+
+/**
+ * Protocol version.
+ *
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Socket.protocol = parser.protocol; // this is an int
+
+/**
+ * Expose deps for legacy compatibility
+ * and standalone browser access.
+ */
+
+Socket.Socket = Socket;
+Socket.Transport = _dereq_('./transport');
+Socket.transports = _dereq_('./transports');
+Socket.parser = _dereq_('engine.io-parser');
+
+/**
+ * Creates transport of the given type.
+ *
+ * @param {String} transport name
+ * @return {Transport}
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+Socket.prototype.createTransport = function (name) {
+  debug('creating transport "%s"', name);
+  var query = clone(this.query);
+
+  // append engine.io protocol identifier
+  query.EIO = parser.protocol;
+
+  // transport name
+  query.transport = name;
+
+  // session id if we already have one
+  if (this.id) query.sid = this.id;
+
+  var transport = new transports[name]({
+    agent: this.agent,
+    hostname: this.hostname,
+    port: this.port,
+    secure: this.secure,
+    path: this.path,
+    query: query,
+    forceJSONP: this.forceJSONP,
+    jsonp: this.jsonp,
+    forceBase64: this.forceBase64,
+    enablesXDR: this.enablesXDR,
+    timestampRequests: this.timestampRequests,
+    timestampParam: this.timestampParam,
+    policyPort: this.policyPort,
+    socket: this,
+    pfx: this.pfx,
+    key: this.key,
+    passphrase: this.passphrase,
+    cert: this.cert,
+    ca: this.ca,
+    ciphers: this.ciphers,
+    rejectUnauthorized: this.rejectUnauthorized,
+    perMessageDeflate: this.perMessageDeflate,
+    extraHeaders: this.extraHeaders
+  });
+
+  return transport;
+};
+
+function clone (obj) {
+  var o = {};
+  for (var i in obj) {
+    if (obj.hasOwnProperty(i)) {
+      o[i] = obj[i];
+    }
+  }
+  return o;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Initializes transport to use and starts probe.
+ *
+ * @api private
+ */
+Socket.prototype.open = function () {
+  var transport;
+  if (this.rememberUpgrade && Socket.priorWebsocketSuccess && this.transports.indexOf('websocket') != -1) {
+    transport = 'websocket';
+  } else if (0 === this.transports.length) {
+    // Emit error on next tick so it can be listened to
+    var self = this;
+    setTimeout(function() {
+      self.emit('error', 'No transports available');
+    }, 0);
+    return;
+  } else {
+    transport = this.transports[0];
+  }
+  this.readyState = 'opening';
+
+  // Retry with the next transport if the transport is disabled (jsonp: false)
+  try {
+    transport = this.createTransport(transport);
+  } catch (e) {
+    this.transports.shift();
+    this.open();
+    return;
+  }
+
+  transport.open();
+  this.setTransport(transport);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Sets the current transport. Disables the existing one (if any).
+ *
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+Socket.prototype.setTransport = function(transport){
+  debug('setting transport %s', transport.name);
+  var self = this;
+
+  if (this.transport) {
+    debug('clearing existing transport %s', this.transport.name);
+    this.transport.removeAllListeners();
+  }
+
+  // set up transport
+  this.transport = transport;
+
+  // set up transport listeners
+  transport
+  .on('drain', function(){
+    self.onDrain();
+  })
+  .on('packet', function(packet){
+    self.onPacket(packet);
+  })
+  .on('error', function(e){
+    self.onError(e);
+  })
+  .on('close', function(){
+    self.onClose('transport close');
+  });
+};
+
+/**
+ * Probes a transport.
+ *
+ * @param {String} transport name
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+Socket.prototype.probe = function (name) {
+  debug('probing transport "%s"', name);
+  var transport = this.createTransport(name, { probe: 1 })
+    , failed = false
+    , self = this;
+
+  Socket.priorWebsocketSuccess = false;
+
+  function onTransportOpen(){
+    if (self.onlyBinaryUpgrades) {
+      var upgradeLosesBinary = !this.supportsBinary && self.transport.supportsBinary;
+      failed = failed || upgradeLosesBinary;
+    }
+    if (failed) return;
+
+    debug('probe transport "%s" opened', name);
+    transport.send([{ type: 'ping', data: 'probe' }]);
+    transport.once('packet', function (msg) {
+      if (failed) return;
+      if ('pong' == msg.type && 'probe' == msg.data) {
+        debug('probe transport "%s" pong', name);
+        self.upgrading = true;
+        self.emit('upgrading', transport);
+        if (!transport) return;
+        Socket.priorWebsocketSuccess = 'websocket' == transport.name;
+
+        debug('pausing current transport "%s"', self.transport.name);
+        self.transport.pause(function () {
+          if (failed) return;
+          if ('closed' == self.readyState) return;
+          debug('changing transport and sending upgrade packet');
+
+          cleanup();
+
+          self.setTransport(transport);
+          transport.send([{ type: 'upgrade' }]);
+          self.emit('upgrade', transport);
+          transport = null;
+          self.upgrading = false;
+          self.flush();
+        });
+      } else {
+        debug('probe transport "%s" failed', name);
+        var err = new Error('probe error');
+        err.transport = transport.name;
+        self.emit('upgradeError', err);
+      }
+    });
+  }
+
+  function freezeTransport() {
+    if (failed) return;
+
+    // Any callback called by transport should be ignored since now
+    failed = true;
+
+    cleanup();
+
+    transport.close();
+    transport = null;
+  }
+
+  //Handle any error that happens while probing
+  function onerror(err) {
+    var error = new Error('probe error: ' + err);
+    error.transport = transport.name;
+
+    freezeTransport();
+
+    debug('probe transport "%s" failed because of error: %s', name, err);
+
+    self.emit('upgradeError', error);
+  }
+
+  function onTransportClose(){
+    onerror("transport closed");
+  }
+
+  //When the socket is closed while we're probing
+  function onclose(){
+    onerror("socket closed");
+  }
+
+  //When the socket is upgraded while we're probing
+  function onupgrade(to){
+    if (transport && to.name != transport.name) {
+      debug('"%s" works - aborting "%s"', to.name, transport.name);
+      freezeTransport();
+    }
+  }
+
+  //Remove all listeners on the transport and on self
+  function cleanup(){
+    transport.removeListener('open', onTransportOpen);
+    transport.removeListener('error', onerror);
+    transport.removeListener('close', onTransportClose);
+    self.removeListener('close', onclose);
+    self.removeListener('upgrading', onupgrade);
+  }
+
+  transport.once('open', onTransportOpen);
+  transport.once('error', onerror);
+  transport.once('close', onTransportClose);
+
+  this.once('close', onclose);
+  this.once('upgrading', onupgrade);
+
+  transport.open();
+
+};
+
+/**
+ * Called when connection is deemed open.
+ *
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Socket.prototype.onOpen = function () {
+  debug('socket open');
+  this.readyState = 'open';
+  Socket.priorWebsocketSuccess = 'websocket' == this.transport.name;
+  this.emit('open');
+  this.flush();
+
+  // we check for `readyState` in case an `open`
+  // listener already closed the socket
+  if ('open' == this.readyState && this.upgrade && this.transport.pause) {
+    debug('starting upgrade probes');
+    for (var i = 0, l = this.upgrades.length; i < l; i++) {
+      this.probe(this.upgrades[i]);
+    }
+  }
+};
+
+/**
+ * Handles a packet.
+ *
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+Socket.prototype.onPacket = function (packet) {
+  if ('opening' == this.readyState || 'open' == this.readyState) {
+    debug('socket receive: type "%s", data "%s"', packet.type, packet.data);
+
+    this.emit('packet', packet);
+
+    // Socket is live - any packet counts
+    this.emit('heartbeat');
+
+    switch (packet.type) {
+      case 'open':
+        this.onHandshake(parsejson(packet.data));
+        break;
+
+      case 'pong':
+        this.setPing();
+        this.emit('pong');
+        break;
+
+      case 'error':
+        var err = new Error('server error');
+        err.code = packet.data;
+        this.onError(err);
+        break;
+
+      case 'message':
+        this.emit('data', packet.data);
+        this.emit('message', packet.data);
+        break;
+    }
+  } else {
+    debug('packet received with socket readyState "%s"', this.readyState);
+  }
+};
+
+/**
+ * Called upon handshake completion.
+ *
+ * @param {Object} handshake obj
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+Socket.prototype.onHandshake = function (data) {
+  this.emit('handshake', data);
+  this.id = data.sid;
+  this.transport.query.sid = data.sid;
+  this.upgrades = this.filterUpgrades(data.upgrades);
+  this.pingInterval = data.pingInterval;
+  this.pingTimeout = data.pingTimeout;
+  this.onOpen();
+  // In case open handler closes socket
+  if  ('closed' == this.readyState) return;
+  this.setPing();
+
+  // Prolong liveness of socket on heartbeat
+  this.removeListener('heartbeat', this.onHeartbeat);
+  this.on('heartbeat', this.onHeartbeat);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Resets ping timeout.
+ *
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+Socket.prototype.onHeartbeat = function (timeout) {
+  clearTimeout(this.pingTimeoutTimer);
+  var self = this;
+  self.pingTimeoutTimer = setTimeout(function () {
+    if ('closed' == self.readyState) return;
+    self.onClose('ping timeout');
+  }, timeout || (self.pingInterval + self.pingTimeout));
+};
+
+/**
+ * Pings server every `this.pingInterval` and expects response
+ * within `this.pingTimeout` or closes connection.
+ *
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+Socket.prototype.setPing = function () {
+  var self = this;
+  clearTimeout(self.pingIntervalTimer);
+  self.pingIntervalTimer = setTimeout(function () {
+    debug('writing ping packet - expecting pong within %sms', self.pingTimeout);
+    self.ping();
+    self.onHeartbeat(self.pingTimeout);
+  }, self.pingInterval);
+};
+
+/**
+* Sends a ping packet.
+*
+* @api private
+*/
+
+Socket.prototype.ping = function () {
+  var self = this;
+  this.sendPacket('ping', function(){
+    self.emit('ping');
+  });
+};
+
+/**
+ * Called on `drain` event
+ *
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+Socket.prototype.onDrain = function() {
+  this.writeBuffer.splice(0, this.prevBufferLen);
+
+  // setting prevBufferLen = 0 is very important
+  // for example, when upgrading, upgrade packet is sent over,
+  // and a nonzero prevBufferLen could cause problems on `drain`
+  this.prevBufferLen = 0;
+
+  if (0 === this.writeBuffer.length) {
+    this.emit('drain');
+  } else {
+    this.flush();
+  }
+};
+
+/**
+ * Flush write buffers.
+ *
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+Socket.prototype.flush = function () {
+  if ('closed' != this.readyState && this.transport.writable &&
+    !this.upgrading && this.writeBuffer.length) {
+    debug('flushing %d packets in socket', this.writeBuffer.length);
+    this.transport.send(this.writeBuffer);
+    // keep track of current length of writeBuffer
+    // splice writeBuffer and callbackBuffer on `drain`
+    this.prevBufferLen = this.writeBuffer.length;
+    this.emit('flush');
+  }
+};
+
+/**
+ * Sends a message.
+ *
+ * @param {String} message.
+ * @param {Function} callback function.
+ * @param {Object} options.
+ * @return {Socket} for chaining.
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Socket.prototype.write =
+Socket.prototype.send = function (msg, options, fn) {
+  this.sendPacket('message', msg, options, fn);
+  return this;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Sends a packet.
+ *
+ * @param {String} packet type.
+ * @param {String} data.
+ * @param {Object} options.
+ * @param {Function} callback function.
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+Socket.prototype.sendPacket = function (type, data, options, fn) {
+  if('function' == typeof data) {
+    fn = data;
+    data = undefined;
+  }
+
+  if ('function' == typeof options) {
+    fn = options;
+    options = null;
+  }
+
+  if ('closing' == this.readyState || 'closed' == this.readyState) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  options = options || {};
+  options.compress = false !== options.compress;
+
+  var packet = {
+    type: type,
+    data: data,
+    options: options
+  };
+  this.emit('packetCreate', packet);
+  this.writeBuffer.push(packet);
+  if (fn) this.once('flush', fn);
+  this.flush();
+};
+
+/**
+ * Closes the connection.
+ *
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+Socket.prototype.close = function () {
+  if ('opening' == this.readyState || 'open' == this.readyState) {
+    this.readyState = 'closing';
+
+    var self = this;
+
+    if (this.writeBuffer.length) {
+      this.once('drain', function() {
+        if (this.upgrading) {
+          waitForUpgrade();
+        } else {
+          close();
+        }
+      });
+    } else if (this.upgrading) {
+      waitForUpgrade();
+    } else {
+      close();
+    }
+  }
+
+  function close() {
+    self.onClose('forced close');
+    debug('socket closing - telling transport to close');
+    self.transport.close();
+  }
+
+  function cleanupAndClose() {
+    self.removeListener('upgrade', cleanupAndClose);
+    self.removeListener('upgradeError', cleanupAndClose);
+    close();
+  }
+
+  function waitForUpgrade() {
+    // wait for upgrade to finish since we can't send packets while pausing a transport
+    self.once('upgrade', cleanupAndClose);
+    self.once('upgradeError', cleanupAndClose);
+  }
+
+  return this;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Called upon transport error
+ *
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+Socket.prototype.onError = function (err) {
+  debug('socket error %j', err);
+  Socket.priorWebsocketSuccess = false;
+  this.emit('error', err);
+  this.onClose('transport error', err);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Called upon transport close.
+ *
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+Socket.prototype.onClose = function (reason, desc) {
+  if ('opening' == this.readyState || 'open' == this.readyState || 'closing' == this.readyState) {
+    debug('socket close with reason: "%s"', reason);
+    var self = this;
+
+    // clear timers
+    clearTimeout(this.pingIntervalTimer);
+    clearTimeout(this.pingTimeoutTimer);
+
+    // stop event from firing again for transport
+    this.transport.removeAllListeners('close');
+
+    // ensure transport won't stay open
+    this.transport.close();
+
+    // ignore further transport communication
+    this.transport.removeAllListeners();
+
+    // set ready state
+    this.readyState = 'closed';
+
+    // clear session id
+    this.id = null;
+
+    // emit close event
+    this.emit('close', reason, desc);
+
+    // clean buffers after, so users can still
+    // grab the buffers on `close` event
+    self.writeBuffer = [];
+    self.prevBufferLen = 0;
+  }
+};
+
+/**
+ * Filters upgrades, returning only those matching client transports.
+ *
+ * @param {Array} server upgrades
+ * @api private
+ *
+ */
+
+Socket.prototype.filterUpgrades = function (upgrades) {
+  var filteredUpgrades = [];
+  for (var i = 0, j = upgrades.length; i<j; i++) {
+    if (~index(this.transports, upgrades[i])) filteredUpgrades.push(upgrades[i]);
+  }
+  return filteredUpgrades;
+};
+
+}).call(this,typeof self !== "undefined" ? self : typeof window !== "undefined" ? window : typeof global !== "undefined" ? global : {})
+},{"./transport":4,"./transports":5,"component-emitter":16,"debug":18,"engine.io-parser":20,"indexof":24,"parsejson":27,"parseqs":28,"parseuri":29}],4:[function(_dereq_,module,exports){
+/**
+ * Module dependencies.
+ */
+
+var parser = _dereq_('engine.io-parser');
+var Emitter = _dereq_('component-emitter');
+
+/**
+ * Module exports.
+ */
+
+module.exports = Transport;
+
+/**
+ * Transport abstract constructor.
+ *
+ * @param {Object} options.
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+function Transport (opts) {
+  this.path = opts.path;
+  this.hostname = opts.hostname;
+  this.port = opts.port;
+  this.secure = opts.secure;
+  this.query = opts.query;
+  this.timestampParam = opts.timestampParam;
+  this.timestampRequests = opts.timestampRequests;
+  this.readyState = '';
+  this.agent = opts.agent || false;
+  this.socket = opts.socket;
+  this.enablesXDR = opts.enablesXDR;
+
+  // SSL options for Node.js client
+  this.pfx = opts.pfx;
+  this.key = opts.key;
+  this.passphrase = opts.passphrase;
+  this.cert = opts.cert;
+  this.ca = opts.ca;
+  this.ciphers = opts.ciphers;
+  this.rejectUnauthorized = opts.rejectUnauthorized;
+
+  // other options for Node.js client
+  this.extraHeaders = opts.extraHeaders;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Mix in `Emitter`.
+ */
+
+Emitter(Transport.prototype);
+
+/**
+ * Emits an error.
+ *
+ * @param {String} str
+ * @return {Transport} for chaining
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Transport.prototype.onError = function (msg, desc) {
+  var err = new Error(msg);
+  err.type = 'TransportError';
+  err.description = desc;
+  this.emit('error', err);
+  return this;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Opens the transport.
+ *
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Transport.prototype.open = function () {
+  if ('closed' == this.readyState || '' == this.readyState) {
+    this.readyState = 'opening';
+    this.doOpen();
+  }
+
+  return this;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Closes the transport.
+ *
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+Transport.prototype.close = function () {
+  if ('opening' == this.readyState || 'open' == this.readyState) {
+    this.doClose();
+    this.onClose();
+  }
+
+  return this;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Sends multiple packets.
+ *
+ * @param {Array} packets
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+Transport.prototype.send = function(packets){
+  if ('open' == this.readyState) {
+    this.write(packets);
+  } else {
+    throw new Error('Transport not open');
+  }
+};
+
+/**
+ * Called upon open
+ *
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+Transport.prototype.onOpen = function () {
+  this.readyState = 'open';
+  this.writable = true;
+  this.emit('open');
+};
+
+/**
+ * Called with data.
+ *
+ * @param {String} data
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+Transport.prototype.onData = function(data){
+  var packet = parser.decodePacket(data, this.socket.binaryType);
+  this.onPacket(packet);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Called with a decoded packet.
+ */
+
+Transport.prototype.onPacket = function (packet) {
+  this.emit('packet', packet);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Called upon close.
+ *
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+Transport.prototype.onClose = function () {
+  this.readyState = 'closed';
+  this.emit('close');
+};
+
+},{"component-emitter":16,"engine.io-parser":20}],5:[function(_dereq_,module,exports){
+(function (global){
+/**
+ * Module dependencies
+ */
+
+var XMLHttpRequest = _dereq_('xmlhttprequest-ssl');
+var XHR = _dereq_('./polling-xhr');
+var JSONP = _dereq_('./polling-jsonp');
+var websocket = _dereq_('./websocket');
+
+/**
+ * Export transports.
+ */
+
+exports.polling = polling;
+exports.websocket = websocket;
+
+/**
+ * Polling transport polymorphic constructor.
+ * Decides on xhr vs jsonp based on feature detection.
+ *
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+function polling(opts){
+  var xhr;
+  var xd = false;
+  var xs = false;
+  var jsonp = false !== opts.jsonp;
+
+  if (global.location) {
+    var isSSL = 'https:' == location.protocol;
+    var port = location.port;
+
+    // some user agents have empty `location.port`
+    if (!port) {
+      port = isSSL ? 443 : 80;
+    }
+
+    xd = opts.hostname != location.hostname || port != opts.port;
+    xs = opts.secure != isSSL;
+  }
+
+  opts.xdomain = xd;
+  opts.xscheme = xs;
+  xhr = new XMLHttpRequest(opts);
+
+  if ('open' in xhr && !opts.forceJSONP) {
+    return new XHR(opts);
+  } else {
+    if (!jsonp) throw new Error('JSONP disabled');
+    return new JSONP(opts);
+  }
+}
+
+}).call(this,typeof self !== "undefined" ? self : typeof window !== "undefined" ? window : typeof global !== "undefined" ? global : {})
+},{"./polling-jsonp":6,"./polling-xhr":7,"./websocket":9,"xmlhttprequest-ssl":10}],6:[function(_dereq_,module,exports){
+(function (global){
+
+/**
+ * Module requirements.
+ */
+
+var Polling = _dereq_('./polling');
+var inherit = _dereq_('component-inherit');
+
+/**
+ * Module exports.
+ */
+
+module.exports = JSONPPolling;
+
+/**
+ * Cached regular expressions.
+ */
+
+var rNewline = /\n/g;
+var rEscapedNewline = /\\n/g;
+
+/**
+ * Global JSONP callbacks.
+ */
+
+var callbacks;
+
+/**
+ * Callbacks count.
+ */
+
+var index = 0;
+
+/**
+ * Noop.
+ */
+
+function empty () { }
+
+/**
+ * JSONP Polling constructor.
+ *
+ * @param {Object} opts.
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+function JSONPPolling (opts) {
+  Polling.call(this, opts);
+
+  this.query = this.query || {};
+
+  // define global callbacks array if not present
+  // we do this here (lazily) to avoid unneeded global pollution
+  if (!callbacks) {
+    // we need to consider multiple engines in the same page
+    if (!global.___eio) global.___eio = [];
+    callbacks = global.___eio;
+  }
+
+  // callback identifier
+  this.index = callbacks.length;
+
+  // add callback to jsonp global
+  var self = this;
+  callbacks.push(function (msg) {
+    self.onData(msg);
+  });
+
+  // append to query string
+  this.query.j = this.index;
+
+  // prevent spurious errors from being emitted when the window is unloaded
+  if (global.document && global.addEventListener) {
+    global.addEventListener('beforeunload', function () {
+      if (self.script) self.script.onerror = empty;
+    }, false);
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Inherits from Polling.
+ */
+
+inherit(JSONPPolling, Polling);
+
+/*
+ * JSONP only supports binary as base64 encoded strings
+ */
+
+JSONPPolling.prototype.supportsBinary = false;
+
+/**
+ * Closes the socket.
+ *
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+JSONPPolling.prototype.doClose = function () {
+  if (this.script) {
+    this.script.parentNode.removeChild(this.script);
+    this.script = null;
+  }
+
+  if (this.form) {
+    this.form.parentNode.removeChild(this.form);
+    this.form = null;
+    this.iframe = null;
+  }
+
+  Polling.prototype.doClose.call(this);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Starts a poll cycle.
+ *
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+JSONPPolling.prototype.doPoll = function () {
+  var self = this;
+  var script = document.createElement('script');
+
+  if (this.script) {
+    this.script.parentNode.removeChild(this.script);
+    this.script = null;
+  }
+
+  script.async = true;
+  script.src = this.uri();
+  script.onerror = function(e){
+    self.onError('jsonp poll error',e);
+  };
+
+  var insertAt = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0];
+  if (insertAt) {
+    insertAt.parentNode.insertBefore(script, insertAt);
+  }
+  else {
+    (document.head || document.body).appendChild(script);
+  }
+  this.script = script;
+
+  var isUAgecko = 'undefined' != typeof navigator && /gecko/i.test(navigator.userAgent);
+
+  if (isUAgecko) {
+    setTimeout(function () {
+      var iframe = document.createElement('iframe');
+      document.body.appendChild(iframe);
+      document.body.removeChild(iframe);
+    }, 100);
+  }
+};
+
+/**
+ * Writes with a hidden iframe.
+ *
+ * @param {String} data to send
+ * @param {Function} called upon flush.
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+JSONPPolling.prototype.doWrite = function (data, fn) {
+  var self = this;
+
+  if (!this.form) {
+    var form = document.createElement('form');
+    var area = document.createElement('textarea');
+    var id = this.iframeId = 'eio_iframe_' + this.index;
+    var iframe;
+
+    form.className = 'socketio';
+    form.style.position = 'absolute';
+    form.style.top = '-1000px';
+    form.style.left = '-1000px';
+    form.target = id;
+    form.method = 'POST';
+    form.setAttribute('accept-charset', 'utf-8');
+    area.name = 'd';
+    form.appendChild(area);
+    document.body.appendChild(form);
+
+    this.form = form;
+    this.area = area;
+  }
+
+  this.form.action = this.uri();
+
+  function complete () {
+    initIframe();
+    fn();
+  }
+
+  function initIframe () {
+    if (self.iframe) {
+      try {
+        self.form.removeChild(self.iframe);
+      } catch (e) {
+        self.onError('jsonp polling iframe removal error', e);
+      }
+    }
+
+    try {
+      // ie6 dynamic iframes with target="" support (thanks Chris Lambacher)
+      var html = '<iframe src="javascript:0" name="'+ self.iframeId +'">';
+      iframe = document.createElement(html);
+    } catch (e) {
+      iframe = document.createElement('iframe');
+      iframe.name = self.iframeId;
+      iframe.src = 'javascript:0';
+    }
+
+    iframe.id = self.iframeId;
+
+    self.form.appendChild(iframe);
+    self.iframe = iframe;
+  }
+
+  initIframe();
+
+  // escape \n to prevent it from being converted into \r\n by some UAs
+  // double escaping is required for escaped new lines because unescaping of new lines can be done safely on server-side
+  data = data.replace(rEscapedNewline, '\\\n');
+  this.area.value = data.replace(rNewline, '\\n');
+
+  try {
+    this.form.submit();
+  } catch(e) {}
+
+  if (this.iframe.attachEvent) {
+    this.iframe.onreadystatechange = function(){
+      if (self.iframe.readyState == 'complete') {
+        complete();
+      }
+    };
+  } else {
+    this.iframe.onload = complete;
+  }
+};
+
+}).call(this,typeof self !== "undefined" ? self : typeof window !== "undefined" ? window : typeof global !== "undefined" ? global : {})
+},{"./polling":8,"component-inherit":17}],7:[function(_dereq_,module,exports){
+(function (global){
+/**
+ * Module requirements.
+ */
+
+var XMLHttpRequest = _dereq_('xmlhttprequest-ssl');
+var Polling = _dereq_('./polling');
+var Emitter = _dereq_('component-emitter');
+var inherit = _dereq_('component-inherit');
+var debug = _dereq_('debug')('engine.io-client:polling-xhr');
+
+/**
+ * Module exports.
+ */
+
+module.exports = XHR;
+module.exports.Request = Request;
+
+/**
+ * Empty function
+ */
+
+function empty(){}
+
+/**
+ * XHR Polling constructor.
+ *
+ * @param {Object} opts
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+function XHR(opts){
+  Polling.call(this, opts);
+
+  if (global.location) {
+    var isSSL = 'https:' == location.protocol;
+    var port = location.port;
+
+    // some user agents have empty `location.port`
+    if (!port) {
+      port = isSSL ? 443 : 80;
+    }
+
+    this.xd = opts.hostname != global.location.hostname ||
+      port != opts.port;
+    this.xs = opts.secure != isSSL;
+  } else {
+    this.extraHeaders = opts.extraHeaders;
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Inherits from Polling.
+ */
+
+inherit(XHR, Polling);
+
+/**
+ * XHR supports binary
+ */
+
+XHR.prototype.supportsBinary = true;
+
+/**
+ * Creates a request.
+ *
+ * @param {String} method
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+XHR.prototype.request = function(opts){
+  opts = opts || {};
+  opts.uri = this.uri();
+  opts.xd = this.xd;
+  opts.xs = this.xs;
+  opts.agent = this.agent || false;
+  opts.supportsBinary = this.supportsBinary;
+  opts.enablesXDR = this.enablesXDR;
+
+  // SSL options for Node.js client
+  opts.pfx = this.pfx;
+  opts.key = this.key;
+  opts.passphrase = this.passphrase;
+  opts.cert = this.cert;
+  opts.ca = this.ca;
+  opts.ciphers = this.ciphers;
+  opts.rejectUnauthorized = this.rejectUnauthorized;
+
+  // other options for Node.js client
+  opts.extraHeaders = this.extraHeaders;
+
+  return new Request(opts);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Sends data.
+ *
+ * @param {String} data to send.
+ * @param {Function} called upon flush.
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+XHR.prototype.doWrite = function(data, fn){
+  var isBinary = typeof data !== 'string' && data !== undefined;
+  var req = this.request({ method: 'POST', data: data, isBinary: isBinary });
+  var self = this;
+  req.on('success', fn);
+  req.on('error', function(err){
+    self.onError('xhr post error', err);
+  });
+  this.sendXhr = req;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Starts a poll cycle.
+ *
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+XHR.prototype.doPoll = function(){
+  debug('xhr poll');
+  var req = this.request();
+  var self = this;
+  req.on('data', function(data){
+    self.onData(data);
+  });
+  req.on('error', function(err){
+    self.onError('xhr poll error', err);
+  });
+  this.pollXhr = req;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Request constructor
+ *
+ * @param {Object} options
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+function Request(opts){
+  this.method = opts.method || 'GET';
+  this.uri = opts.uri;
+  this.xd = !!opts.xd;
+  this.xs = !!opts.xs;
+  this.async = false !== opts.async;
+  this.data = undefined != opts.data ? opts.data : null;
+  this.agent = opts.agent;
+  this.isBinary = opts.isBinary;
+  this.supportsBinary = opts.supportsBinary;
+  this.enablesXDR = opts.enablesXDR;
+
+  // SSL options for Node.js client
+  this.pfx = opts.pfx;
+  this.key = opts.key;
+  this.passphrase = opts.passphrase;
+  this.cert = opts.cert;
+  this.ca = opts.ca;
+  this.ciphers = opts.ciphers;
+  this.rejectUnauthorized = opts.rejectUnauthorized;
+
+  // other options for Node.js client
+  this.extraHeaders = opts.extraHeaders;
+
+  this.create();
+}
+
+/**
+ * Mix in `Emitter`.
+ */
+
+Emitter(Request.prototype);
+
+/**
+ * Creates the XHR object and sends the request.
+ *
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+Request.prototype.create = function(){
+  var opts = { agent: this.agent, xdomain: this.xd, xscheme: this.xs, enablesXDR: this.enablesXDR };
+
+  // SSL options for Node.js client
+  opts.pfx = this.pfx;
+  opts.key = this.key;
+  opts.passphrase = this.passphrase;
+  opts.cert = this.cert;
+  opts.ca = this.ca;
+  opts.ciphers = this.ciphers;
+  opts.rejectUnauthorized = this.rejectUnauthorized;
+
+  var xhr = this.xhr = new XMLHttpRequest(opts);
+  var self = this;
+
+  try {
+    debug('xhr open %s: %s', this.method, this.uri);
+    xhr.open(this.method, this.uri, this.async);
+    try {
+      if (this.extraHeaders) {
+        xhr.setDisableHeaderCheck(true);
+        for (var i in this.extraHeaders) {
+          if (this.extraHeaders.hasOwnProperty(i)) {
+            xhr.setRequestHeader(i, this.extraHeaders[i]);
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    } catch (e) {}
+    if (this.supportsBinary) {
+      // This has to be done after open because Firefox is stupid
+      // http://stackoverflow.com/questions/13216903/get-binary-data-with-xmlhttprequest-in-a-firefox-extension
+      xhr.responseType = 'arraybuffer';
+    }
+
+    if ('POST' == this.method) {
+      try {
+        if (this.isBinary) {
+          xhr.setRequestHeader('Content-type', 'application/octet-stream');
+        } else {
+          xhr.setRequestHeader('Content-type', 'text/plain;charset=UTF-8');
+        }
+      } catch (e) {}
+    }
+
+    // ie6 check
+    if ('withCredentials' in xhr) {
+      xhr.withCredentials = true;
+    }
+
+    if (this.hasXDR()) {
+      xhr.onload = function(){
+        self.onLoad();
+      };
+      xhr.onerror = function(){
+        self.onError(xhr.responseText);
+      };
+    } else {
+      xhr.onreadystatechange = function(){
+        if (4 != xhr.readyState) return;
+        if (200 == xhr.status || 1223 == xhr.status) {
+          self.onLoad();
+        } else {
+          // make sure the `error` event handler that's user-set
+          // does not throw in the same tick and gets caught here
+          setTimeout(function(){
+            self.onError(xhr.status);
+          }, 0);
+        }
+      };
+    }
+
+    debug('xhr data %s', this.data);
+    xhr.send(this.data);
+  } catch (e) {
+    // Need to defer since .create() is called directly fhrom the constructor
+    // and thus the 'error' event can only be only bound *after* this exception
+    // occurs.  Therefore, also, we cannot throw here at all.
+    setTimeout(function() {
+      self.onError(e);
+    }, 0);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (global.document) {
+    this.index = Request.requestsCount++;
+    Request.requests[this.index] = this;
+  }
+};
+
+/**
+ * Called upon successful response.
+ *
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+Request.prototype.onSuccess = function(){
+  this.emit('success');
+  this.cleanup();
+};
+
+/**
+ * Called if we have data.
+ *
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+Request.prototype.onData = function(data){
+  this.emit('data', data);
+  this.onSuccess();
+};
+
+/**
+ * Called upon error.
+ *
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+Request.prototype.onError = function(err){
+  this.emit('error', err);
+  this.cleanup(true);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Cleans up house.
+ *
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+Request.prototype.cleanup = function(fromError){
+  if ('undefined' == typeof this.xhr || null === this.xhr) {
+    return;
+  }
+  // xmlhttprequest
+  if (this.hasXDR()) {
+    this.xhr.onload = this.xhr.onerror = empty;
+  } else {
+    this.xhr.onreadystatechange = empty;
+  }
+
+  if (fromError) {
+    try {
+      this.xhr.abort();
+    } catch(e) {}
+  }
+
+  if (global.document) {
+    delete Request.requests[this.index];
+  }
+
+  this.xhr = null;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Called upon load.
+ *
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+Request.prototype.onLoad = function(){
+  var data;
+  try {
+    var contentType;
+    try {
+      contentType = this.xhr.getResponseHeader('Content-Type').split(';')[0];
+    } catch (e) {}
+    if (contentType === 'application/octet-stream') {
+      data = this.xhr.response;
+    } else {
+      if (!this.supportsBinary) {
+        data = this.xhr.responseText;
+      } else {
+        try {
+          data = String.fromCharCode.apply(null, new Uint8Array(this.xhr.response));
+        } catch (e) {
+          var ui8Arr = new Uint8Array(this.xhr.response);
+          var dataArray = [];
+          for (var idx = 0, length = ui8Arr.length; idx < length; idx++) {
+            dataArray.push(ui8Arr[idx]);
+          }
+
+          data = String.fromCharCode.apply(null, dataArray);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  } catch (e) {
+    this.onError(e);
+  }
+  if (null != data) {
+    this.onData(data);
+  }
+};
+
+/**
+ * Check if it has XDomainRequest.
+ *
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+Request.prototype.hasXDR = function(){
+  return 'undefined' !== typeof global.XDomainRequest && !this.xs && this.enablesXDR;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Aborts the request.
+ *
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Request.prototype.abort = function(){
+  this.cleanup();
+};
+
+/**
+ * Aborts pending requests when unloading the window. This is needed to prevent
+ * memory leaks (e.g. when using IE) and to ensure that no spurious error is
+ * emitted.
+ */
+
+if (global.document) {
+  Request.requestsCount = 0;
+  Request.requests = {};
+  if (global.attachEvent) {
+    global.attachEvent('onunload', unloadHandler);
+  } else if (global.addEventListener) {
+    global.addEventListener('beforeunload', unloadHandler, false);
+  }
+}
+
+function unloadHandler() {
+  for (var i in Request.requests) {
+    if (Request.requests.hasOwnProperty(i)) {
+      Request.requests[i].abort();
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+}).call(this,typeof self !== "undefined" ? self : typeof window !== "undefined" ? window : typeof global !== "undefined" ? global : {})
+},{"./polling":8,"component-emitter":16,"component-inherit":17,"debug":18,"xmlhttprequest-ssl":10}],8:[function(_dereq_,module,exports){
+/**
+ * Module dependencies.
+ */
+
+var Transport = _dereq_('../transport');
+var parseqs = _dereq_('parseqs');
+var parser = _dereq_('engine.io-parser');
+var inherit = _dereq_('component-inherit');
+var yeast = _dereq_('yeast');
+var debug = _dereq_('debug')('engine.io-client:polling');
+
+/**
+ * Module exports.
+ */
+
+module.exports = Polling;
+
+/**
+ * Is XHR2 supported?
+ */
+
+var hasXHR2 = (function() {
+  var XMLHttpRequest = _dereq_('xmlhttprequest-ssl');
+  var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest({ xdomain: false });
+  return null != xhr.responseType;
+})();
+
+/**
+ * Polling interface.
+ *
+ * @param {Object} opts
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+function Polling(opts){
+  var forceBase64 = (opts && opts.forceBase64);
+  if (!hasXHR2 || forceBase64) {
+    this.supportsBinary = false;
+  }
+  Transport.call(this, opts);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Inherits from Transport.
+ */
+
+inherit(Polling, Transport);
+
+/**
+ * Transport name.
+ */
+
+Polling.prototype.name = 'polling';
+
+/**
+ * Opens the socket (triggers polling). We write a PING message to determine
+ * when the transport is open.
+ *
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+Polling.prototype.doOpen = function(){
+  this.poll();
+};
+
+/**
+ * Pauses polling.
+ *
+ * @param {Function} callback upon buffers are flushed and transport is paused
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+Polling.prototype.pause = function(onPause){
+  var pending = 0;
+  var self = this;
+
+  this.readyState = 'pausing';
+
+  function pause(){
+    debug('paused');
+    self.readyState = 'paused';
+    onPause();
+  }
+
+  if (this.polling || !this.writable) {
+    var total = 0;
+
+    if (this.polling) {
+      debug('we are currently polling - waiting to pause');
+      total++;
+      this.once('pollComplete', function(){
+        debug('pre-pause polling complete');
+        --total || pause();
+      });
+    }
+
+    if (!this.writable) {
+      debug('we are currently writing - waiting to pause');
+      total++;
+      this.once('drain', function(){
+        debug('pre-pause writing complete');
+        --total || pause();
+      });
+    }
+  } else {
+    pause();
+  }
+};
+
+/**
+ * Starts polling cycle.
+ *
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Polling.prototype.poll = function(){
+  debug('polling');
+  this.polling = true;
+  this.doPoll();
+  this.emit('poll');
+};
+
+/**
+ * Overloads onData to detect payloads.
+ *
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+Polling.prototype.onData = function(data){
+  var self = this;
+  debug('polling got data %s', data);
+  var callback = function(packet, index, total) {
+    // if its the first message we consider the transport open
+    if ('opening' == self.readyState) {
+      self.onOpen();
+    }
+
+    // if its a close packet, we close the ongoing requests
+    if ('close' == packet.type) {
+      self.onClose();
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    // otherwise bypass onData and handle the message
+    self.onPacket(packet);
+  };
+
+  // decode payload
+  parser.decodePayload(data, this.socket.binaryType, callback);
+
+  // if an event did not trigger closing
+  if ('closed' != this.readyState) {
+    // if we got data we're not polling
+    this.polling = false;
+    this.emit('pollComplete');
+
+    if ('open' == this.readyState) {
+      this.poll();
+    } else {
+      debug('ignoring poll - transport state "%s"', this.readyState);
+    }
+  }
+};
+
+/**
+ * For polling, send a close packet.
+ *
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+Polling.prototype.doClose = function(){
+  var self = this;
+
+  function close(){
+    debug('writing close packet');
+    self.write([{ type: 'close' }]);
+  }
+
+  if ('open' == this.readyState) {
+    debug('transport open - closing');
+    close();
+  } else {
+    // in case we're trying to close while
+    // handshaking is in progress (GH-164)
+    debug('transport not open - deferring close');
+    this.once('open', close);
+  }
+};
+
+/**
+ * Writes a packets payload.
+ *
+ * @param {Array} data packets
+ * @param {Function} drain callback
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+Polling.prototype.write = function(packets){
+  var self = this;
+  this.writable = false;
+  var callbackfn = function() {
+    self.writable = true;
+    self.emit('drain');
+  };
+
+  var self = this;
+  parser.encodePayload(packets, this.supportsBinary, function(data) {
+    self.doWrite(data, callbackfn);
+  });
+};
+
+/**
+ * Generates uri for connection.
+ *
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+Polling.prototype.uri = function(){
+  var query = this.query || {};
+  var schema = this.secure ? 'https' : 'http';
+  var port = '';
+
+  // cache busting is forced
+  if (false !== this.timestampRequests) {
+    query[this.timestampParam] = yeast();
+  }
+
+  if (!this.supportsBinary && !query.sid) {
+    query.b64 = 1;
+  }
+
+  query = parseqs.encode(query);
+
+  // avoid port if default for schema
+  if (this.port && (('https' == schema && this.port != 443) ||
+     ('http' == schema && this.port != 80))) {
+    port = ':' + this.port;
+  }
+
+  // prepend ? to query
+  if (query.length) {
+    query = '?' + query;
+  }
+
+  var ipv6 = this.hostname.indexOf(':') !== -1;
+  return schema + '://' + (ipv6 ? '[' + this.hostname + ']' : this.hostname) + port + this.path + query;
+};
+
+},{"../transport":4,"component-inherit":17,"debug":18,"engine.io-parser":20,"parseqs":28,"xmlhttprequest-ssl":10,"yeast":31}],9:[function(_dereq_,module,exports){
+(function (global){
+/**
+ * Module dependencies.
+ */
+
+var Transport = _dereq_('../transport');
+var parser = _dereq_('engine.io-parser');
+var parseqs = _dereq_('parseqs');
+var inherit = _dereq_('component-inherit');
+var yeast = _dereq_('yeast');
+var debug = _dereq_('debug')('engine.io-client:websocket');
+var BrowserWebSocket = global.WebSocket || global.MozWebSocket;
+
+/**
+ * Get either the `WebSocket` or `MozWebSocket` globals
+ * in the browser or try to resolve WebSocket-compatible
+ * interface exposed by `ws` for Node-like environment.
+ */
+
+var WebSocket = BrowserWebSocket;
+if (!WebSocket && typeof window === 'undefined') {
+  try {
+    WebSocket = _dereq_('ws');
+  } catch (e) { }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Module exports.
+ */
+
+module.exports = WS;
+
+/**
+ * WebSocket transport constructor.
+ *
+ * @api {Object} connection options
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+function WS(opts){
+  var forceBase64 = (opts && opts.forceBase64);
+  if (forceBase64) {
+    this.supportsBinary = false;
+  }
+  this.perMessageDeflate = opts.perMessageDeflate;
+  Transport.call(this, opts);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Inherits from Transport.
+ */
+
+inherit(WS, Transport);
+
+/**
+ * Transport name.
+ *
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+WS.prototype.name = 'websocket';
+
+/*
+ * WebSockets support binary
+ */
+
+WS.prototype.supportsBinary = true;
+
+/**
+ * Opens socket.
+ *
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+WS.prototype.doOpen = function(){
+  if (!this.check()) {
+    // let probe timeout
+    return;
+  }
+
+  var self = this;
+  var uri = this.uri();
+  var protocols = void(0);
+  var opts = {
+    agent: this.agent,
+    perMessageDeflate: this.perMessageDeflate
+  };
+
+  // SSL options for Node.js client
+  opts.pfx = this.pfx;
+  opts.key = this.key;
+  opts.passphrase = this.passphrase;
+  opts.cert = this.cert;
+  opts.ca = this.ca;
+  opts.ciphers = this.ciphers;
+  opts.rejectUnauthorized = this.rejectUnauthorized;
+  if (this.extraHeaders) {
+    opts.headers = this.extraHeaders;
+  }
+
+  this.ws = BrowserWebSocket ? new WebSocket(uri) : new WebSocket(uri, protocols, opts);
+
+  if (this.ws.binaryType === undefined) {
+    this.supportsBinary = false;
+  }
+
+  if (this.ws.supports && this.ws.supports.binary) {
+    this.supportsBinary = true;
+    this.ws.binaryType = 'nodebuffer';
+  } else {
+    this.ws.binaryType = 'arraybuffer';
+  }
+
+  this.addEventListeners();
+};
+
+/**
+ * Adds event listeners to the socket
+ *
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+WS.prototype.addEventListeners = function(){
+  var self = this;
+
+  this.ws.onopen = function(){
+    self.onOpen();
+  };
+  this.ws.onclose = function(){
+    self.onClose();
+  };
+  this.ws.onmessage = function(ev){
+    self.onData(ev.data);
+  };
+  this.ws.onerror = function(e){
+    self.onError('websocket error', e);
+  };
+};
+
+/**
+ * Override `onData` to use a timer on iOS.
+ * See: https://gist.github.com/mloughran/2052006
+ *
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+if ('undefined' != typeof navigator
+  && /iPad|iPhone|iPod/i.test(navigator.userAgent)) {
+  WS.prototype.onData = function(data){
+    var self = this;
+    setTimeout(function(){
+      Transport.prototype.onData.call(self, data);
+    }, 0);
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Writes data to socket.
+ *
+ * @param {Array} array of packets.
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+WS.prototype.write = function(packets){
+  var self = this;
+  this.writable = false;
+
+  // encodePacket efficient as it uses WS framing
+  // no need for encodePayload
+  var total = packets.length;
+  for (var i = 0, l = total; i < l; i++) {
+    (function(packet) {
+      parser.encodePacket(packet, self.supportsBinary, function(data) {
+        if (!BrowserWebSocket) {
+          // always create a new object (GH-437)
+          var opts = {};
+          if (packet.options) {
+            opts.compress = packet.options.compress;
+          }
+
+          if (self.perMessageDeflate) {
+            var len = 'string' == typeof data ? global.Buffer.byteLength(data) : data.length;
+            if (len < self.perMessageDeflate.threshold) {
+              opts.compress = false;
+            }
+          }
+        }
+
+        //Sometimes the websocket has already been closed but the browser didn't
+        //have a chance of informing us about it yet, in that case send will
+        //throw an error
+        try {
+          if (BrowserWebSocket) {
+            // TypeError is thrown when passing the second argument on Safari
+            self.ws.send(data);
+          } else {
+            self.ws.send(data, opts);
+          }
+        } catch (e){
+          debug('websocket closed before onclose event');
+        }
+
+        --total || done();
+      });
+    })(packets[i]);
+  }
+
+  function done(){
+    self.emit('flush');
+
+    // fake drain
+    // defer to next tick to allow Socket to clear writeBuffer
+    setTimeout(function(){
+      self.writable = true;
+      self.emit('drain');
+    }, 0);
+  }
+};
+
+/**
+ * Called upon close
+ *
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+WS.prototype.onClose = function(){
+  Transport.prototype.onClose.call(this);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Closes socket.
+ *
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+WS.prototype.doClose = function(){
+  if (typeof this.ws !== 'undefined') {
+    this.ws.close();
+  }
+};
+
+/**
+ * Generates uri for connection.
+ *
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+WS.prototype.uri = function(){
+  var query = this.query || {};
+  var schema = this.secure ? 'wss' : 'ws';
+  var port = '';
+
+  // avoid port if default for schema
+  if (this.port && (('wss' == schema && this.port != 443)
+    || ('ws' == schema && this.port != 80))) {
+    port = ':' + this.port;
+  }
+
+  // append timestamp to URI
+  if (this.timestampRequests) {
+    query[this.timestampParam] = yeast();
+  }
+
+  // communicate binary support capabilities
+  if (!this.supportsBinary) {
+    query.b64 = 1;
+  }
+
+  query = parseqs.encode(query);
+
+  // prepend ? to query
+  if (query.length) {
+    query = '?' + query;
+  }
+
+  var ipv6 = this.hostname.indexOf(':') !== -1;
+  return schema + '://' + (ipv6 ? '[' + this.hostname + ']' : this.hostname) + port + this.path + query;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Feature detection for WebSocket.
+ *
+ * @return {Boolean} whether this transport is available.
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+WS.prototype.check = function(){
+  return !!WebSocket && !('__initialize' in WebSocket && this.name === WS.prototype.name);
+};
+
+}).call(this,typeof self !== "undefined" ? self : typeof window !== "undefined" ? window : typeof global !== "undefined" ? global : {})
+},{"../transport":4,"component-inherit":17,"debug":18,"engine.io-parser":20,"parseqs":28,"ws":15,"yeast":31}],10:[function(_dereq_,module,exports){
+// browser shim for xmlhttprequest module
+var hasCORS = _dereq_('has-cors');
+
+module.exports = function(opts) {
+  var xdomain = opts.xdomain;
+
+  // scheme must be same when usign XDomainRequest
+  // http://blogs.msdn.com/b/ieinternals/archive/2010/05/13/xdomainrequest-restrictions-limitations-and-workarounds.aspx
+  var xscheme = opts.xscheme;
+
+  // XDomainRequest has a flow of not sending cookie, therefore it should be disabled as a default.
+  // https://github.com/Automattic/engine.io-client/pull/217
+  var enablesXDR = opts.enablesXDR;
+
+  // XMLHttpRequest can be disabled on IE
+  try {
+    if ('undefined' != typeof XMLHttpRequest && (!xdomain || hasCORS)) {
+      return new XMLHttpRequest();
+    }
+  } catch (e) { }
+
+  // Use XDomainRequest for IE8 if enablesXDR is true
+  // because loading bar keeps flashing when using jsonp-polling
+  // https://github.com/yujiosaka/socke.io-ie8-loading-example
+  try {
+    if ('undefined' != typeof XDomainRequest && !xscheme && enablesXDR) {
+      return new XDomainRequest();
+    }
+  } catch (e) { }
+
+  if (!xdomain) {
+    try {
+      return new ActiveXObject('Microsoft.XMLHTTP');
+    } catch(e) { }
+  }
+}
+
+},{"has-cors":23}],11:[function(_dereq_,module,exports){
+module.exports = after
+
+function after(count, callback, err_cb) {
+    var bail = false
+    err_cb = err_cb || noop
+    proxy.count = count
+
+    return (count === 0) ? callback() : proxy
+
+    function proxy(err, result) {
+        if (proxy.count <= 0) {
+            throw new Error('after called too many times')
+        }
+        --proxy.count
+
+        // after first error, rest are passed to err_cb
+        if (err) {
+            bail = true
+            callback(err)
+            // future error callbacks will go to error handler
+            callback = err_cb
+        } else if (proxy.count === 0 && !bail) {
+            callback(null, result)
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+function noop() {}
+
+},{}],12:[function(_dereq_,module,exports){
+/**
+ * An abstraction for slicing an arraybuffer even when
+ * ArrayBuffer.prototype.slice is not supported
+ *
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+module.exports = function(arraybuffer, start, end) {
+  var bytes = arraybuffer.byteLength;
+  start = start || 0;
+  end = end || bytes;
+
+  if (arraybuffer.slice) { return arraybuffer.slice(start, end); }
+
+  if (start < 0) { start += bytes; }
+  if (end < 0) { end += bytes; }
+  if (end > bytes) { end = bytes; }
+
+  if (start >= bytes || start >= end || bytes === 0) {
+    return new ArrayBuffer(0);
+  }
+
+  var abv = new Uint8Array(arraybuffer);
+  var result = new Uint8Array(end - start);
+  for (var i = start, ii = 0; i < end; i++, ii++) {
+    result[ii] = abv[i];
+  }
+  return result.buffer;
+};
+
+},{}],13:[function(_dereq_,module,exports){
+/*
+ * base64-arraybuffer
+ * https://github.com/niklasvh/base64-arraybuffer
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2012 Niklas von Hertzen
+ * Licensed under the MIT license.
+ */
+(function(chars){
+  "use strict";
+
+  exports.encode = function(arraybuffer) {
+    var bytes = new Uint8Array(arraybuffer),
+    i, len = bytes.length, base64 = "";
+
+    for (i = 0; i < len; i+=3) {
+      base64 += chars[bytes[i] >> 2];
+      base64 += chars[((bytes[i] & 3) << 4) | (bytes[i + 1] >> 4)];
+      base64 += chars[((bytes[i + 1] & 15) << 2) | (bytes[i + 2] >> 6)];
+      base64 += chars[bytes[i + 2] & 63];
+    }
+
+    if ((len % 3) === 2) {
+      base64 = base64.substring(0, base64.length - 1) + "=";
+    } else if (len % 3 === 1) {
+      base64 = base64.substring(0, base64.length - 2) + "==";
+    }
+
+    return base64;
+  };
+
+  exports.decode =  function(base64) {
+    var bufferLength = base64.length * 0.75,
+    len = base64.length, i, p = 0,
+    encoded1, encoded2, encoded3, encoded4;
+
+    if (base64[base64.length - 1] === "=") {
+      bufferLength--;
+      if (base64[base64.length - 2] === "=") {
+        bufferLength--;
+      }
+    }
+
+    var arraybuffer = new ArrayBuffer(bufferLength),
+    bytes = new Uint8Array(arraybuffer);
+
+    for (i = 0; i < len; i+=4) {
+      encoded1 = chars.indexOf(base64[i]);
+      encoded2 = chars.indexOf(base64[i+1]);
+      encoded3 = chars.indexOf(base64[i+2]);
+      encoded4 = chars.indexOf(base64[i+3]);
+
+      bytes[p++] = (encoded1 << 2) | (encoded2 >> 4);
+      bytes[p++] = ((encoded2 & 15) << 4) | (encoded3 >> 2);
+      bytes[p++] = ((encoded3 & 3) << 6) | (encoded4 & 63);
+    }
+
+    return arraybuffer;
+  };
+})("ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/");
+
+},{}],14:[function(_dereq_,module,exports){
+(function (global){
+/**
+ * Create a blob builder even when vendor prefixes exist
+ */
+
+var BlobBuilder = global.BlobBuilder
+  || global.WebKitBlobBuilder
+  || global.MSBlobBuilder
+  || global.MozBlobBuilder;
+
+/**
+ * Check if Blob constructor is supported
+ */
+
+var blobSupported = (function() {
+  try {
+    var a = new Blob(['hi']);
+    return a.size === 2;
+  } catch(e) {
+    return false;
+  }
+})();
+
+/**
+ * Check if Blob constructor supports ArrayBufferViews
+ * Fails in Safari 6, so we need to map to ArrayBuffers there.
+ */
+
+var blobSupportsArrayBufferView = blobSupported && (function() {
+  try {
+    var b = new Blob([new Uint8Array([1,2])]);
+    return b.size === 2;
+  } catch(e) {
+    return false;
+  }
+})();
+
+/**
+ * Check if BlobBuilder is supported
+ */
+
+var blobBuilderSupported = BlobBuilder
+  && BlobBuilder.prototype.append
+  && BlobBuilder.prototype.getBlob;
+
+/**
+ * Helper function that maps ArrayBufferViews to ArrayBuffers
+ * Used by BlobBuilder constructor and old browsers that didn't
+ * support it in the Blob constructor.
+ */
+
+function mapArrayBufferViews(ary) {
+  for (var i = 0; i < ary.length; i++) {
+    var chunk = ary[i];
+    if (chunk.buffer instanceof ArrayBuffer) {
+      var buf = chunk.buffer;
+
+      // if this is a subarray, make a copy so we only
+      // include the subarray region from the underlying buffer
+      if (chunk.byteLength !== buf.byteLength) {
+        var copy = new Uint8Array(chunk.byteLength);
+        copy.set(new Uint8Array(buf, chunk.byteOffset, chunk.byteLength));
+        buf = copy.buffer;
+      }
+
+      ary[i] = buf;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+function BlobBuilderConstructor(ary, options) {
+  options = options || {};
+
+  var bb = new BlobBuilder();
+  mapArrayBufferViews(ary);
+
+  for (var i = 0; i < ary.length; i++) {
+    bb.append(ary[i]);
+  }
+
+  return (options.type) ? bb.getBlob(options.type) : bb.getBlob();
+};
+
+function BlobConstructor(ary, options) {
+  mapArrayBufferViews(ary);
+  return new Blob(ary, options || {});
+};
+
+module.exports = (function() {
+  if (blobSupported) {
+    return blobSupportsArrayBufferView ? global.Blob : BlobConstructor;
+  } else if (blobBuilderSupported) {
+    return BlobBuilderConstructor;
+  } else {
+    return undefined;
+  }
+})();
+
+}).call(this,typeof self !== "undefined" ? self : typeof window !== "undefined" ? window : typeof global !== "undefined" ? global : {})
+},{}],15:[function(_dereq_,module,exports){
+
+},{}],16:[function(_dereq_,module,exports){
+
+/**
+ * Expose `Emitter`.
+ */
+
+module.exports = Emitter;
+
+/**
+ * Initialize a new `Emitter`.
+ *
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+function Emitter(obj) {
+  if (obj) return mixin(obj);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Mixin the emitter properties.
+ *
+ * @param {Object} obj
+ * @return {Object}
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+function mixin(obj) {
+  for (var key in Emitter.prototype) {
+    obj[key] = Emitter.prototype[key];
+  }
+  return obj;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Listen on the given `event` with `fn`.
+ *
+ * @param {String} event
+ * @param {Function} fn
+ * @return {Emitter}
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Emitter.prototype.on =
+Emitter.prototype.addEventListener = function(event, fn){
+  this._callbacks = this._callbacks || {};
+  (this._callbacks[event] = this._callbacks[event] || [])
+    .push(fn);
+  return this;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Adds an `event` listener that will be invoked a single
+ * time then automatically removed.
+ *
+ * @param {String} event
+ * @param {Function} fn
+ * @return {Emitter}
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Emitter.prototype.once = function(event, fn){
+  var self = this;
+  this._callbacks = this._callbacks || {};
+
+  function on() {
+    self.off(event, on);
+    fn.apply(this, arguments);
+  }
+
+  on.fn = fn;
+  this.on(event, on);
+  return this;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Remove the given callback for `event` or all
+ * registered callbacks.
+ *
+ * @param {String} event
+ * @param {Function} fn
+ * @return {Emitter}
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Emitter.prototype.off =
+Emitter.prototype.removeListener =
+Emitter.prototype.removeAllListeners =
+Emitter.prototype.removeEventListener = function(event, fn){
+  this._callbacks = this._callbacks || {};
+
+  // all
+  if (0 == arguments.length) {
+    this._callbacks = {};
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  // specific event
+  var callbacks = this._callbacks[event];
+  if (!callbacks) return this;
+
+  // remove all handlers
+  if (1 == arguments.length) {
+    delete this._callbacks[event];
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  // remove specific handler
+  var cb;
+  for (var i = 0; i < callbacks.length; i++) {
+    cb = callbacks[i];
+    if (cb === fn || cb.fn === fn) {
+      callbacks.splice(i, 1);
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+  return this;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Emit `event` with the given args.
+ *
+ * @param {String} event
+ * @param {Mixed} ...
+ * @return {Emitter}
+ */
+
+Emitter.prototype.emit = function(event){
+  this._callbacks = this._callbacks || {};
+  var args = [].slice.call(arguments, 1)
+    , callbacks = this._callbacks[event];
+
+  if (callbacks) {
+    callbacks = callbacks.slice(0);
+    for (var i = 0, len = callbacks.length; i < len; ++i) {
+      callbacks[i].apply(this, args);
+    }
+  }
+
+  return this;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Return array of callbacks for `event`.
+ *
+ * @param {String} event
+ * @return {Array}
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Emitter.prototype.listeners = function(event){
+  this._callbacks = this._callbacks || {};
+  return this._callbacks[event] || [];
+};
+
+/**
+ * Check if this emitter has `event` handlers.
+ *
+ * @param {String} event
+ * @return {Boolean}
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+Emitter.prototype.hasListeners = function(event){
+  return !! this.listeners(event).length;
+};
+
+},{}],17:[function(_dereq_,module,exports){
+
+module.exports = function(a, b){
+  var fn = function(){};
+  fn.prototype = b.prototype;
+  a.prototype = new fn;
+  a.prototype.constructor = a;
+};
+},{}],18:[function(_dereq_,module,exports){
+
+/**
+ * This is the web browser implementation of `debug()`.
+ *
+ * Expose `debug()` as the module.
+ */
+
+exports = module.exports = _dereq_('./debug');
+exports.log = log;
+exports.formatArgs = formatArgs;
+exports.save = save;
+exports.load = load;
+exports.useColors = useColors;
+exports.storage = 'undefined' != typeof chrome
+               && 'undefined' != typeof chrome.storage
+                  ? chrome.storage.local
+                  : localstorage();
+
+/**
+ * Colors.
+ */
+
+exports.colors = [
+  'lightseagreen',
+  'forestgreen',
+  'goldenrod',
+  'dodgerblue',
+  'darkorchid',
+  'crimson'
+];
+
+/**
+ * Currently only WebKit-based Web Inspectors, Firefox >= v31,
+ * and the Firebug extension (any Firefox version) are known
+ * to support "%c" CSS customizations.
+ *
+ * TODO: add a `localStorage` variable to explicitly enable/disable colors
+ */
+
+function useColors() {
+  // is webkit? http://stackoverflow.com/a/16459606/376773
+  return ('WebkitAppearance' in document.documentElement.style) ||
+    // is firebug? http://stackoverflow.com/a/398120/376773
+    (window.console && (console.firebug || (console.exception && console.table))) ||
+    // is firefox >= v31?
+    // https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Tools/Web_Console#Styling_messages
+    (navigator.userAgent.toLowerCase().match(/firefox\/(\d+)/) && parseInt(RegExp.$1, 10) >= 31);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Map %j to `JSON.stringify()`, since no Web Inspectors do that by default.
+ */
+
+exports.formatters.j = function(v) {
+  return JSON.stringify(v);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Colorize log arguments if enabled.
+ *
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+function formatArgs() {
+  var args = arguments;
+  var useColors = this.useColors;
+
+  args[0] = (useColors ? '%c' : '')
+    + this.namespace
+    + (useColors ? ' %c' : ' ')
+    + args[0]
+    + (useColors ? '%c ' : ' ')
+    + '+' + exports.humanize(this.diff);
+
+  if (!useColors) return args;
+
+  var c = 'color: ' + this.color;
+  args = [args[0], c, 'color: inherit'].concat(Array.prototype.slice.call(args, 1));
+
+  // the final "%c" is somewhat tricky, because there could be other
+  // arguments passed either before or after the %c, so we need to
+  // figure out the correct index to insert the CSS into
+  var index = 0;
+  var lastC = 0;
+  args[0].replace(/%[a-z%]/g, function(match) {
+    if ('%%' === match) return;
+    index++;
+    if ('%c' === match) {
+      // we only are interested in the *last* %c
+      // (the user may have provided their own)
+      lastC = index;
+    }
+  });
+
+  args.splice(lastC, 0, c);
+  return args;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Invokes `console.log()` when available.
+ * No-op when `console.log` is not a "function".
+ *
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+function log() {
+  // this hackery is required for IE8/9, where
+  // the `console.log` function doesn't have 'apply'
+  return 'object' === typeof console
+    && console.log
+    && Function.prototype.apply.call(console.log, console, arguments);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Save `namespaces`.
+ *
+ * @param {String} namespaces
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+function save(namespaces) {
+  try {
+    if (null == namespaces) {
+      exports.storage.removeItem('debug');
+    } else {
+      exports.storage.debug = namespaces;
+    }
+  } catch(e) {}
+}
+
+/**
+ * Load `namespaces`.
+ *
+ * @return {String} returns the previously persisted debug modes
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+function load() {
+  var r;
+  try {
+    r = exports.storage.debug;
+  } catch(e) {}
+  return r;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Enable namespaces listed in `localStorage.debug` initially.
+ */
+
+exports.enable(load());
+
+/**
+ * Localstorage attempts to return the localstorage.
+ *
+ * This is necessary because safari throws
+ * when a user disables cookies/localstorage
+ * and you attempt to access it.
+ *
+ * @return {LocalStorage}
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+function localstorage(){
+  try {
+    return window.localStorage;
+  } catch (e) {}
+}
+
+},{"./debug":19}],19:[function(_dereq_,module,exports){
+
+/**
+ * This is the common logic for both the Node.js and web browser
+ * implementations of `debug()`.
+ *
+ * Expose `debug()` as the module.
+ */
+
+exports = module.exports = debug;
+exports.coerce = coerce;
+exports.disable = disable;
+exports.enable = enable;
+exports.enabled = enabled;
+exports.humanize = _dereq_('ms');
+
+/**
+ * The currently active debug mode names, and names to skip.
+ */
+
+exports.names = [];
+exports.skips = [];
+
+/**
+ * Map of special "%n" handling functions, for the debug "format" argument.
+ *
+ * Valid key names are a single, lowercased letter, i.e. "n".
+ */
+
+exports.formatters = {};
+
+/**
+ * Previously assigned color.
+ */
+
+var prevColor = 0;
+
+/**
+ * Previous log timestamp.
+ */
+
+var prevTime;
+
+/**
+ * Select a color.
+ *
+ * @return {Number}
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+function selectColor() {
+  return exports.colors[prevColor++ % exports.colors.length];
+}
+
+/**
+ * Create a debugger with the given `namespace`.
+ *
+ * @param {String} namespace
+ * @return {Function}
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+function debug(namespace) {
+
+  // define the `disabled` version
+  function disabled() {
+  }
+  disabled.enabled = false;
+
+  // define the `enabled` version
+  function enabled() {
+
+    var self = enabled;
+
+    // set `diff` timestamp
+    var curr = +new Date();
+    var ms = curr - (prevTime || curr);
+    self.diff = ms;
+    self.prev = prevTime;
+    self.curr = curr;
+    prevTime = curr;
+
+    // add the `color` if not set
+    if (null == self.useColors) self.useColors = exports.useColors();
+    if (null == self.color && self.useColors) self.color = selectColor();
+
+    var args = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments);
+
+    args[0] = exports.coerce(args[0]);
+
+    if ('string' !== typeof args[0]) {
+      // anything else let's inspect with %o
+      args = ['%o'].concat(args);
+    }
+
+    // apply any `formatters` transformations
+    var index = 0;
+    args[0] = args[0].replace(/%([a-z%])/g, function(match, format) {
+      // if we encounter an escaped % then don't increase the array index
+      if (match === '%%') return match;
+      index++;
+      var formatter = exports.formatters[format];
+      if ('function' === typeof formatter) {
+        var val = args[index];
+        match = formatter.call(self, val);
+
+        // now we need to remove `args[index]` since it's inlined in the `format`
+        args.splice(index, 1);
+        index--;
+      }
+      return match;
+    });
+
+    if ('function' === typeof exports.formatArgs) {
+      args = exports.formatArgs.apply(self, args);
+    }
+    var logFn = enabled.log || exports.log || console.log.bind(console);
+    logFn.apply(self, args);
+  }
+  enabled.enabled = true;
+
+  var fn = exports.enabled(namespace) ? enabled : disabled;
+
+  fn.namespace = namespace;
+
+  return fn;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Enables a debug mode by namespaces. This can include modes
+ * separated by a colon and wildcards.
+ *
+ * @param {String} namespaces
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+function enable(namespaces) {
+  exports.save(namespaces);
+
+  var split = (namespaces || '').split(/[\s,]+/);
+  var len = split.length;
+
+  for (var i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+    if (!split[i]) continue; // ignore empty strings
+    namespaces = split[i].replace(/\*/g, '.*?');
+    if (namespaces[0] === '-') {
+      exports.skips.push(new RegExp('^' + namespaces.substr(1) + '$'));
+    } else {
+      exports.names.push(new RegExp('^' + namespaces + '$'));
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Disable debug output.
+ *
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+function disable() {
+  exports.enable('');
+}
+
+/**
+ * Returns true if the given mode name is enabled, false otherwise.
+ *
+ * @param {String} name
+ * @return {Boolean}
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+function enabled(name) {
+  var i, len;
+  for (i = 0, len = exports.skips.length; i < len; i++) {
+    if (exports.skips[i].test(name)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+  for (i = 0, len = exports.names.length; i < len; i++) {
+    if (exports.names[i].test(name)) {
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Coerce `val`.
+ *
+ * @param {Mixed} val
+ * @return {Mixed}
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+function coerce(val) {
+  if (val instanceof Error) return val.stack || val.message;
+  return val;
+}
+
+},{"ms":26}],20:[function(_dereq_,module,exports){
+(function (global){
+/**
+ * Module dependencies.
+ */
+
+var keys = _dereq_('./keys');
+var hasBinary = _dereq_('has-binary');
+var sliceBuffer = _dereq_('arraybuffer.slice');
+var base64encoder = _dereq_('base64-arraybuffer');
+var after = _dereq_('after');
+var utf8 = _dereq_('utf8');
+
+/**
+ * Check if we are running an android browser. That requires us to use
+ * ArrayBuffer with polling transports...
+ *
+ * http://ghinda.net/jpeg-blob-ajax-android/
+ */
+
+var isAndroid = navigator.userAgent.match(/Android/i);
+
+/**
+ * Check if we are running in PhantomJS.
+ * Uploading a Blob with PhantomJS does not work correctly, as reported here:
+ * https://github.com/ariya/phantomjs/issues/11395
+ * @type boolean
+ */
+var isPhantomJS = /PhantomJS/i.test(navigator.userAgent);
+
+/**
+ * When true, avoids using Blobs to encode payloads.
+ * @type boolean
+ */
+var dontSendBlobs = isAndroid || isPhantomJS;
+
+/**
+ * Current protocol version.
+ */
+
+exports.protocol = 3;
+
+/**
+ * Packet types.
+ */
+
+var packets = exports.packets = {
+    open:     0    // non-ws
+  , close:    1    // non-ws
+  , ping:     2
+  , pong:     3
+  , message:  4
+  , upgrade:  5
+  , noop:     6
+};
+
+var packetslist = keys(packets);
+
+/**
+ * Premade error packet.
+ */
+
+var err = { type: 'error', data: 'parser error' };
+
+/**
+ * Create a blob api even for blob builder when vendor prefixes exist
+ */
+
+var Blob = _dereq_('blob');
+
+/**
+ * Encodes a packet.
+ *
+ *     <packet type id> [ <data> ]
+ *
+ * Example:
+ *
+ *     5hello world
+ *     3
+ *     4
+ *
+ * Binary is encoded in an identical principle
+ *
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+exports.encodePacket = function (packet, supportsBinary, utf8encode, callback) {
+  if ('function' == typeof supportsBinary) {
+    callback = supportsBinary;
+    supportsBinary = false;
+  }
+
+  if ('function' == typeof utf8encode) {
+    callback = utf8encode;
+    utf8encode = null;
+  }
+
+  var data = (packet.data === undefined)
+    ? undefined
+    : packet.data.buffer || packet.data;
+
+  if (global.ArrayBuffer && data instanceof ArrayBuffer) {
+    return encodeArrayBuffer(packet, supportsBinary, callback);
+  } else if (Blob && data instanceof global.Blob) {
+    return encodeBlob(packet, supportsBinary, callback);
+  }
+
+  // might be an object with { base64: true, data: dataAsBase64String }
+  if (data && data.base64) {
+    return encodeBase64Object(packet, callback);
+  }
+
+  // Sending data as a utf-8 string
+  var encoded = packets[packet.type];
+
+  // data fragment is optional
+  if (undefined !== packet.data) {
+    encoded += utf8encode ? utf8.encode(String(packet.data)) : String(packet.data);
+  }
+
+  //console.log(utf8encode, packet.data)
+  return callback('' + encoded);
+
+};
+
+function encodeBase64Object(packet, callback) {
+  // packet data is an object { base64: true, data: dataAsBase64String }
+  var message = 'b' + exports.packets[packet.type] + packet.data.data;
+  return callback(message);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Encode packet helpers for binary types
+ */
+
+function encodeArrayBuffer(packet, supportsBinary, callback) {
+  if (!supportsBinary) {
+    return exports.encodeBase64Packet(packet, callback);
+  }
+
+  var data = packet.data;
+  var contentArray = new Uint8Array(data);
+  var resultBuffer = new Uint8Array(1 + data.byteLength);
+
+  resultBuffer[0] = packets[packet.type];
+  for (var i = 0; i < contentArray.length; i++) {
+    resultBuffer[i+1] = contentArray[i];
+  }
+
+  return callback(resultBuffer.buffer);
+}
+
+function encodeBlobAsArrayBuffer(packet, supportsBinary, callback) {
+  if (!supportsBinary) {
+    return exports.encodeBase64Packet(packet, callback);
+  }
+
+  var fr = new FileReader();
+  fr.onload = function() {
+    packet.data = fr.result;
+    exports.encodePacket(packet, supportsBinary, true, callback);
+  };
+  return fr.readAsArrayBuffer(packet.data);
+}
+
+function encodeBlob(packet, supportsBinary, callback) {
+  if (!supportsBinary) {
+    return exports.encodeBase64Packet(packet, callback);
+  }
+
+  if (dontSendBlobs) {
+    return encodeBlobAsArrayBuffer(packet, supportsBinary, callback);
+  }
+
+  var length = new Uint8Array(1);
+  length[0] = packets[packet.type];
+  var blob = new Blob([length.buffer, packet.data]);
+
+  return callback(blob);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Encodes a packet with binary data in a base64 string
+ *
+ * @param {Object} packet, has `type` and `data`
+ * @return {String} base64 encoded message
+ */
+
+exports.encodeBase64Packet = function(packet, callback) {
+  var message = 'b' + exports.packets[packet.type];
+  if (Blob && packet.data instanceof global.Blob) {
+    var fr = new FileReader();
+    fr.onload = function() {
+      var b64 = fr.result.split(',')[1];
+      callback(message + b64);
+    };
+    return fr.readAsDataURL(packet.data);
+  }
+
+  var b64data;
+  try {
+    b64data = String.fromCharCode.apply(null, new Uint8Array(packet.data));
+  } catch (e) {
+    // iPhone Safari doesn't let you apply with typed arrays
+    var typed = new Uint8Array(packet.data);
+    var basic = new Array(typed.length);
+    for (var i = 0; i < typed.length; i++) {
+      basic[i] = typed[i];
+    }
+    b64data = String.fromCharCode.apply(null, basic);
+  }
+  message += global.btoa(b64data);
+  return callback(message);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Decodes a packet. Changes format to Blob if requested.
+ *
+ * @return {Object} with `type` and `data` (if any)
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+exports.decodePacket = function (data, binaryType, utf8decode) {
+  // String data
+  if (typeof data == 'string' || data === undefined) {
+    if (data.charAt(0) == 'b') {
+      return exports.decodeBase64Packet(data.substr(1), binaryType);
+    }
+
+    if (utf8decode) {
+      try {
+        data = utf8.decode(data);
+      } catch (e) {
+        return err;
+      }
+    }
+    var type = data.charAt(0);
+
+    if (Number(type) != type || !packetslist[type]) {
+      return err;
+    }
+
+    if (data.length > 1) {
+      return { type: packetslist[type], data: data.substring(1) };
+    } else {
+      return { type: packetslist[type] };
+    }
+  }
+
+  var asArray = new Uint8Array(data);
+  var type = asArray[0];
+  var rest = sliceBuffer(data, 1);
+  if (Blob && binaryType === 'blob') {
+    rest = new Blob([rest]);
+  }
+  return { type: packetslist[type], data: rest };
+};
+
+/**
+ * Decodes a packet encoded in a base64 string
+ *
+ * @param {String} base64 encoded message
+ * @return {Object} with `type` and `data` (if any)
+ */
+
+exports.decodeBase64Packet = function(msg, binaryType) {
+  var type = packetslist[msg.charAt(0)];
+  if (!global.ArrayBuffer) {
+    return { type: type, data: { base64: true, data: msg.substr(1) } };
+  }
+
+  var data = base64encoder.decode(msg.substr(1));
+
+  if (binaryType === 'blob' && Blob) {
+    data = new Blob([data]);
+  }
+
+  return { type: type, data: data };
+};
+
+/**
+ * Encodes multiple messages (payload).
+ *
+ *     <length>:data
+ *
+ * Example:
+ *
+ *     11:hello world2:hi
+ *
+ * If any contents are binary, they will be encoded as base64 strings. Base64
+ * encoded strings are marked with a b before the length specifier
+ *
+ * @param {Array} packets
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+exports.encodePayload = function (packets, supportsBinary, callback) {
+  if (typeof supportsBinary == 'function') {
+    callback = supportsBinary;
+    supportsBinary = null;
+  }
+
+  var isBinary = hasBinary(packets);
+
+  if (supportsBinary && isBinary) {
+    if (Blob && !dontSendBlobs) {
+      return exports.encodePayloadAsBlob(packets, callback);
+    }
+
+    return exports.encodePayloadAsArrayBuffer(packets, callback);
+  }
+
+  if (!packets.length) {
+    return callback('0:');
+  }
+
+  function setLengthHeader(message) {
+    return message.length + ':' + message;
+  }
+
+  function encodeOne(packet, doneCallback) {
+    exports.encodePacket(packet, !isBinary ? false : supportsBinary, true, function(message) {
+      doneCallback(null, setLengthHeader(message));
+    });
+  }
+
+  map(packets, encodeOne, function(err, results) {
+    return callback(results.join(''));
+  });
+};
+
+/**
+ * Async array map using after
+ */
+
+function map(ary, each, done) {
+  var result = new Array(ary.length);
+  var next = after(ary.length, done);
+
+  var eachWithIndex = function(i, el, cb) {
+    each(el, function(error, msg) {
+      result[i] = msg;
+      cb(error, result);
+    });
+  };
+
+  for (var i = 0; i < ary.length; i++) {
+    eachWithIndex(i, ary[i], next);
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Decodes data when a payload is maybe expected. Possible binary contents are
+ * decoded from their base64 representation
+ *
+ * @param {String} data, callback method
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+exports.decodePayload = function (data, binaryType, callback) {
+  if (typeof data != 'string') {
+    return exports.decodePayloadAsBinary(data, binaryType, callback);
+  }
+
+  if (typeof binaryType === 'function') {
+    callback = binaryType;
+    binaryType = null;
+  }
+
+  var packet;
+  if (data == '') {
+    // parser error - ignoring payload
+    return callback(err, 0, 1);
+  }
+
+  var length = ''
+    , n, msg;
+
+  for (var i = 0, l = data.length; i < l; i++) {
+    var chr = data.charAt(i);
+
+    if (':' != chr) {
+      length += chr;
+    } else {
+      if ('' == length || (length != (n = Number(length)))) {
+        // parser error - ignoring payload
+        return callback(err, 0, 1);
+      }
+
+      msg = data.substr(i + 1, n);
+
+      if (length != msg.length) {
+        // parser error - ignoring payload
+        return callback(err, 0, 1);
+      }
+
+      if (msg.length) {
+        packet = exports.decodePacket(msg, binaryType, true);
+
+        if (err.type == packet.type && err.data == packet.data) {
+          // parser error in individual packet - ignoring payload
+          return callback(err, 0, 1);
+        }
+
+        var ret = callback(packet, i + n, l);
+        if (false === ret) return;
+      }
+
+      // advance cursor
+      i += n;
+      length = '';
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (length != '') {
+    // parser error - ignoring payload
+    return callback(err, 0, 1);
+  }
+
+};
+
+/**
+ * Encodes multiple messages (payload) as binary.
+ *
+ * <1 = binary, 0 = string><number from 0-9><number from 0-9>[...]<number
+ * 255><data>
+ *
+ * Example:
+ * 1 3 255 1 2 3, if the binary contents are interpreted as 8 bit integers
+ *
+ * @param {Array} packets
+ * @return {ArrayBuffer} encoded payload
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+exports.encodePayloadAsArrayBuffer = function(packets, callback) {
+  if (!packets.length) {
+    return callback(new ArrayBuffer(0));
+  }
+
+  function encodeOne(packet, doneCallback) {
+    exports.encodePacket(packet, true, true, function(data) {
+      return doneCallback(null, data);
+    });
+  }
+
+  map(packets, encodeOne, function(err, encodedPackets) {
+    var totalLength = encodedPackets.reduce(function(acc, p) {
+      var len;
+      if (typeof p === 'string'){
+        len = p.length;
+      } else {
+        len = p.byteLength;
+      }
+      return acc + len.toString().length + len + 2; // string/binary identifier + separator = 2
+    }, 0);
+
+    var resultArray = new Uint8Array(totalLength);
+
+    var bufferIndex = 0;
+    encodedPackets.forEach(function(p) {
+      var isString = typeof p === 'string';
+      var ab = p;
+      if (isString) {
+        var view = new Uint8Array(p.length);
+        for (var i = 0; i < p.length; i++) {
+          view[i] = p.charCodeAt(i);
+        }
+        ab = view.buffer;
+      }
+
+      if (isString) { // not true binary
+        resultArray[bufferIndex++] = 0;
+      } else { // true binary
+        resultArray[bufferIndex++] = 1;
+      }
+
+      var lenStr = ab.byteLength.toString();
+      for (var i = 0; i < lenStr.length; i++) {
+        resultArray[bufferIndex++] = parseInt(lenStr[i]);
+      }
+      resultArray[bufferIndex++] = 255;
+
+      var view = new Uint8Array(ab);
+      for (var i = 0; i < view.length; i++) {
+        resultArray[bufferIndex++] = view[i];
+      }
+    });
+
+    return callback(resultArray.buffer);
+  });
+};
+
+/**
+ * Encode as Blob
+ */
+
+exports.encodePayloadAsBlob = function(packets, callback) {
+  function encodeOne(packet, doneCallback) {
+    exports.encodePacket(packet, true, true, function(encoded) {
+      var binaryIdentifier = new Uint8Array(1);
+      binaryIdentifier[0] = 1;
+      if (typeof encoded === 'string') {
+        var view = new Uint8Array(encoded.length);
+        for (var i = 0; i < encoded.length; i++) {
+          view[i] = encoded.charCodeAt(i);
+        }
+        encoded = view.buffer;
+        binaryIdentifier[0] = 0;
+      }
+
+      var len = (encoded instanceof ArrayBuffer)
+        ? encoded.byteLength
+        : encoded.size;
+
+      var lenStr = len.toString();
+      var lengthAry = new Uint8Array(lenStr.length + 1);
+      for (var i = 0; i < lenStr.length; i++) {
+        lengthAry[i] = parseInt(lenStr[i]);
+      }
+      lengthAry[lenStr.length] = 255;
+
+      if (Blob) {
+        var blob = new Blob([binaryIdentifier.buffer, lengthAry.buffer, encoded]);
+        doneCallback(null, blob);
+      }
+    });
+  }
+
+  map(packets, encodeOne, function(err, results) {
+    return callback(new Blob(results));
+  });
+};
+
+/*
+ * Decodes data when a payload is maybe expected. Strings are decoded by
+ * interpreting each byte as a key code for entries marked to start with 0. See
+ * description of encodePayloadAsBinary
+ *
+ * @param {ArrayBuffer} data, callback method
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+exports.decodePayloadAsBinary = function (data, binaryType, callback) {
+  if (typeof binaryType === 'function') {
+    callback = binaryType;
+    binaryType = null;
+  }
+
+  var bufferTail = data;
+  var buffers = [];
+
+  var numberTooLong = false;
+  while (bufferTail.byteLength > 0) {
+    var tailArray = new Uint8Array(bufferTail);
+    var isString = tailArray[0] === 0;
+    var msgLength = '';
+
+    for (var i = 1; ; i++) {
+      if (tailArray[i] == 255) break;
+
+      if (msgLength.length > 310) {
+        numberTooLong = true;
+        break;
+      }
+
+      msgLength += tailArray[i];
+    }
+
+    if(numberTooLong) return callback(err, 0, 1);
+
+    bufferTail = sliceBuffer(bufferTail, 2 + msgLength.length);
+    msgLength = parseInt(msgLength);
+
+    var msg = sliceBuffer(bufferTail, 0, msgLength);
+    if (isString) {
+      try {
+        msg = String.fromCharCode.apply(null, new Uint8Array(msg));
+      } catch (e) {
+        // iPhone Safari doesn't let you apply to typed arrays
+        var typed = new Uint8Array(msg);
+        msg = '';
+        for (var i = 0; i < typed.length; i++) {
+          msg += String.fromCharCode(typed[i]);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    buffers.push(msg);
+    bufferTail = sliceBuffer(bufferTail, msgLength);
+  }
+
+  var total = buffers.length;
+  buffers.forEach(function(buffer, i) {
+    callback(exports.decodePacket(buffer, binaryType, true), i, total);
+  });
+};
+
+}).call(this,typeof self !== "undefined" ? self : typeof window !== "undefined" ? window : typeof global !== "undefined" ? global : {})
+},{"./keys":21,"after":11,"arraybuffer.slice":12,"base64-arraybuffer":13,"blob":14,"has-binary":22,"utf8":30}],21:[function(_dereq_,module,exports){
+
+/**
+ * Gets the keys for an object.
+ *
+ * @return {Array} keys
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+module.exports = Object.keys || function keys (obj){
+  var arr = [];
+  var has = Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;
+
+  for (var i in obj) {
+    if (has.call(obj, i)) {
+      arr.push(i);
+    }
+  }
+  return arr;
+};
+
+},{}],22:[function(_dereq_,module,exports){
+(function (global){
+
+/*
+ * Module requirements.
+ */
+
+var isArray = _dereq_('isarray');
+
+/**
+ * Module exports.
+ */
+
+module.exports = hasBinary;
+
+/**
+ * Checks for binary data.
+ *
+ * Right now only Buffer and ArrayBuffer are supported..
+ *
+ * @param {Object} anything
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+function hasBinary(data) {
+
+  function _hasBinary(obj) {
+    if (!obj) return false;
+
+    if ( (global.Buffer && global.Buffer.isBuffer(obj)) ||
+         (global.ArrayBuffer && obj instanceof ArrayBuffer) ||
+         (global.Blob && obj instanceof Blob) ||
+         (global.File && obj instanceof File)
+        ) {
+      return true;
+    }
+
+    if (isArray(obj)) {
+      for (var i = 0; i < obj.length; i++) {
+          if (_hasBinary(obj[i])) {
+              return true;
+          }
+      }
+    } else if (obj && 'object' == typeof obj) {
+      if (obj.toJSON) {
+        obj = obj.toJSON();
+      }
+
+      for (var key in obj) {
+        if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(obj, key) && _hasBinary(obj[key])) {
+          return true;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  return _hasBinary(data);
+}
+
+}).call(this,typeof self !== "undefined" ? self : typeof window !== "undefined" ? window : typeof global !== "undefined" ? global : {})
+},{"isarray":25}],23:[function(_dereq_,module,exports){
+
+/**
+ * Module exports.
+ *
+ * Logic borrowed from Modernizr:
+ *
+ *   - https://github.com/Modernizr/Modernizr/blob/master/feature-detects/cors.js
+ */
+
+try {
+  module.exports = typeof XMLHttpRequest !== 'undefined' &&
+    'withCredentials' in new XMLHttpRequest();
+} catch (err) {
+  // if XMLHttp support is disabled in IE then it will throw
+  // when trying to create
+  module.exports = false;
+}
+
+},{}],24:[function(_dereq_,module,exports){
+
+var indexOf = [].indexOf;
+
+module.exports = function(arr, obj){
+  if (indexOf) return arr.indexOf(obj);
+  for (var i = 0; i < arr.length; ++i) {
+    if (arr[i] === obj) return i;
+  }
+  return -1;
+};
+},{}],25:[function(_dereq_,module,exports){
+module.exports = Array.isArray || function (arr) {
+  return Object.prototype.toString.call(arr) == '[object Array]';
+};
+
+},{}],26:[function(_dereq_,module,exports){
+/**
+ * Helpers.
+ */
+
+var s = 1000;
+var m = s * 60;
+var h = m * 60;
+var d = h * 24;
+var y = d * 365.25;
+
+/**
+ * Parse or format the given `val`.
+ *
+ * Options:
+ *
+ *  - `long` verbose formatting [false]
+ *
+ * @param {String|Number} val
+ * @param {Object} options
+ * @return {String|Number}
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+module.exports = function(val, options){
+  options = options || {};
+  if ('string' == typeof val) return parse(val);
+  return options.long
+    ? long(val)
+    : short(val);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Parse the given `str` and return milliseconds.
+ *
+ * @param {String} str
+ * @return {Number}
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+function parse(str) {
+  str = '' + str;
+  if (str.length > 10000) return;
+  var match = /^((?:\d+)?\.?\d+) *(milliseconds?|msecs?|ms|seconds?|secs?|s|minutes?|mins?|m|hours?|hrs?|h|days?|d|years?|yrs?|y)?$/i.exec(str);
+  if (!match) return;
+  var n = parseFloat(match[1]);
+  var type = (match[2] || 'ms').toLowerCase();
+  switch (type) {
+    case 'years':
+    case 'year':
+    case 'yrs':
+    case 'yr':
+    case 'y':
+      return n * y;
+    case 'days':
+    case 'day':
+    case 'd':
+      return n * d;
+    case 'hours':
+    case 'hour':
+    case 'hrs':
+    case 'hr':
+    case 'h':
+      return n * h;
+    case 'minutes':
+    case 'minute':
+    case 'mins':
+    case 'min':
+    case 'm':
+      return n * m;
+    case 'seconds':
+    case 'second':
+    case 'secs':
+    case 'sec':
+    case 's':
+      return n * s;
+    case 'milliseconds':
+    case 'millisecond':
+    case 'msecs':
+    case 'msec':
+    case 'ms':
+      return n;
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Short format for `ms`.
+ *
+ * @param {Number} ms
+ * @return {String}
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+function short(ms) {
+  if (ms >= d) return Math.round(ms / d) + 'd';
+  if (ms >= h) return Math.round(ms / h) + 'h';
+  if (ms >= m) return Math.round(ms / m) + 'm';
+  if (ms >= s) return Math.round(ms / s) + 's';
+  return ms + 'ms';
+}
+
+/**
+ * Long format for `ms`.
+ *
+ * @param {Number} ms
+ * @return {String}
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+function long(ms) {
+  return plural(ms, d, 'day')
+    || plural(ms, h, 'hour')
+    || plural(ms, m, 'minute')
+    || plural(ms, s, 'second')
+    || ms + ' ms';
+}
+
+/**
+ * Pluralization helper.
+ */
+
+function plural(ms, n, name) {
+  if (ms < n) return;
+  if (ms < n * 1.5) return Math.floor(ms / n) + ' ' + name;
+  return Math.ceil(ms / n) + ' ' + name + 's';
+}
+
+},{}],27:[function(_dereq_,module,exports){
+(function (global){
+/**
+ * JSON parse.
+ *
+ * @see Based on jQuery#parseJSON (MIT) and JSON2
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+var rvalidchars = /^[\],:{}\s]*$/;
+var rvalidescape = /\\(?:["\\\/bfnrt]|u[0-9a-fA-F]{4})/g;
+var rvalidtokens = /"[^"\\\n\r]*"|true|false|null|-?\d+(?:\.\d*)?(?:[eE][+\-]?\d+)?/g;
+var rvalidbraces = /(?:^|:|,)(?:\s*\[)+/g;
+var rtrimLeft = /^\s+/;
+var rtrimRight = /\s+$/;
+
+module.exports = function parsejson(data) {
+  if ('string' != typeof data || !data) {
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  data = data.replace(rtrimLeft, '').replace(rtrimRight, '');
+
+  // Attempt to parse using the native JSON parser first
+  if (global.JSON && JSON.parse) {
+    return JSON.parse(data);
+  }
+
+  if (rvalidchars.test(data.replace(rvalidescape, '@')
+      .replace(rvalidtokens, ']')
+      .replace(rvalidbraces, ''))) {
+    return (new Function('return ' + data))();
+  }
+};
+}).call(this,typeof self !== "undefined" ? self : typeof window !== "undefined" ? window : typeof global !== "undefined" ? global : {})
+},{}],28:[function(_dereq_,module,exports){
+/**
+ * Compiles a querystring
+ * Returns string representation of the object
+ *
+ * @param {Object}
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+exports.encode = function (obj) {
+  var str = '';
+
+  for (var i in obj) {
+    if (obj.hasOwnProperty(i)) {
+      if (str.length) str += '&';
+      str += encodeURIComponent(i) + '=' + encodeURIComponent(obj[i]);
+    }
+  }
+
+  return str;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Parses a simple querystring into an object
+ *
+ * @param {String} qs
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+exports.decode = function(qs){
+  var qry = {};
+  var pairs = qs.split('&');
+  for (var i = 0, l = pairs.length; i < l; i++) {
+    var pair = pairs[i].split('=');
+    qry[decodeURIComponent(pair[0])] = decodeURIComponent(pair[1]);
+  }
+  return qry;
+};
+
+},{}],29:[function(_dereq_,module,exports){
+/**
+ * Parses an URI
+ *
+ * @author Steven Levithan <stevenlevithan.com> (MIT license)
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+var re = /^(?:(?![^:@]+:[^:@\/]*@)(http|https|ws|wss):\/\/)?((?:(([^:@]*)(?::([^:@]*))?)?@)?((?:[a-f0-9]{0,4}:){2,7}[a-f0-9]{0,4}|[^:\/?#]*)(?::(\d*))?)(((\/(?:[^?#](?![^?#\/]*\.[^?#\/.]+(?:[?#]|$)))*\/?)?([^?#\/]*))(?:\?([^#]*))?(?:#(.*))?)/;
+
+var parts = [
+    'source', 'protocol', 'authority', 'userInfo', 'user', 'password', 'host', 'port', 'relative', 'path', 'directory', 'file', 'query', 'anchor'
+];
+
+module.exports = function parseuri(str) {
+    var src = str,
+        b = str.indexOf('['),
+        e = str.indexOf(']');
+
+    if (b != -1 && e != -1) {
+        str = str.substring(0, b) + str.substring(b, e).replace(/:/g, ';') + str.substring(e, str.length);
+    }
+
+    var m = re.exec(str || ''),
+        uri = {},
+        i = 14;
+
+    while (i--) {
+        uri[parts[i]] = m[i] || '';
+    }
+
+    if (b != -1 && e != -1) {
+        uri.source = src;
+        uri.host = uri.host.substring(1, uri.host.length - 1).replace(/;/g, ':');
+        uri.authority = uri.authority.replace('[', '').replace(']', '').replace(/;/g, ':');
+        uri.ipv6uri = true;
+    }
+
+    return uri;
+};
+
+},{}],30:[function(_dereq_,module,exports){
+(function (global){
+/*! https://mths.be/utf8js v2.0.0 by @mathias */
+;(function(root) {
+
+    // Detect free variables `exports`
+    var freeExports = typeof exports == 'object' && exports;
+
+    // Detect free variable `module`
+    var freeModule = typeof module == 'object' && module &&
+        module.exports == freeExports && module;
+
+    // Detect free variable `global`, from Node.js or Browserified code,
+    // and use it as `root`
+    var freeGlobal = typeof global == 'object' && global;
+    if (freeGlobal.global === freeGlobal || freeGlobal.window === freeGlobal) {
+        root = freeGlobal;
+    }
+
+    /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+    var stringFromCharCode = String.fromCharCode;
+
+    // Taken from https://mths.be/punycode
+    function ucs2decode(string) {
+        var output = [];
+        var counter = 0;
+        var length = string.length;
+        var value;
+        var extra;
+        while (counter < length) {
+            value = string.charCodeAt(counter++);
+            if (value >= 0xD800 && value <= 0xDBFF && counter < length) {
+                // high surrogate, and there is a next character
+                extra = string.charCodeAt(counter++);
+                if ((extra & 0xFC00) == 0xDC00) { // low surrogate
+                    output.push(((value & 0x3FF) << 10) + (extra & 0x3FF) + 0x10000);
+                } else {
+                    // unmatched surrogate; only append this code unit, in case the next
+                    // code unit is the high surrogate of a surrogate pair
+                    output.push(value);
+                    counter--;
+                }
+            } else {
+                output.push(value);
+            }
+        }
+        return output;
+    }
+
+    // Taken from https://mths.be/punycode
+    function ucs2encode(array) {
+        var length = array.length;
+        var index = -1;
+        var value;
+        var output = '';
+        while (++index < length) {
+            value = array[index];
+            if (value > 0xFFFF) {
+                value -= 0x10000;
+                output += stringFromCharCode(value >>> 10 & 0x3FF | 0xD800);
+                value = 0xDC00 | value & 0x3FF;
+            }
+            output += stringFromCharCode(value);
+        }
+        return output;
+    }
+
+    function checkScalarValue(codePoint) {
+        if (codePoint >= 0xD800 && codePoint <= 0xDFFF) {
+            throw Error(
+                'Lone surrogate U+' + codePoint.toString(16).toUpperCase() +
+                ' is not a scalar value'
+            );
+        }
+    }
+    /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+    function createByte(codePoint, shift) {
+        return stringFromCharCode(((codePoint >> shift) & 0x3F) | 0x80);
+    }
+
+    function encodeCodePoint(codePoint) {
+        if ((codePoint & 0xFFFFFF80) == 0) { // 1-byte sequence
+            return stringFromCharCode(codePoint);
+        }
+        var symbol = '';
+        if ((codePoint & 0xFFFFF800) == 0) { // 2-byte sequence
+            symbol = stringFromCharCode(((codePoint >> 6) & 0x1F) | 0xC0);
+        }
+        else if ((codePoint & 0xFFFF0000) == 0) { // 3-byte sequence
+            checkScalarValue(codePoint);
+            symbol = stringFromCharCode(((codePoint >> 12) & 0x0F) | 0xE0);
+            symbol += createByte(codePoint, 6);
+        }
+        else if ((codePoint & 0xFFE00000) == 0) { // 4-byte sequence
+            symbol = stringFromCharCode(((codePoint >> 18) & 0x07) | 0xF0);
+            symbol += createByte(codePoint, 12);
+            symbol += createByte(codePoint, 6);
+        }
+        symbol += stringFromCharCode((codePoint & 0x3F) | 0x80);
+        return symbol;
+    }
+
+    function utf8encode(string) {
+        var codePoints = ucs2decode(string);
+        var length = codePoints.length;
+        var index = -1;
+        var codePoint;
+        var byteString = '';
+        while (++index < length) {
+            codePoint = codePoints[index];
+            byteString += encodeCodePoint(codePoint);
+        }
+        return byteString;
+    }
+
+    /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+    function readContinuationByte() {
+        if (byteIndex >= byteCount) {
+            throw Error('Invalid byte index');
+        }
+
+        var continuationByte = byteArray[byteIndex] & 0xFF;
+        byteIndex++;
+
+        if ((continuationByte & 0xC0) == 0x80) {
+            return continuationByte & 0x3F;
+        }
+
+        // If we end up here, it’s not a continuation byte
+        throw Error('Invalid continuation byte');
+    }
+
+    function decodeSymbol() {
+        var byte1;
+        var byte2;
+        var byte3;
+        var byte4;
+        var codePoint;
+
+        if (byteIndex > byteCount) {
+            throw Error('Invalid byte index');
+        }
+
+        if (byteIndex == byteCount) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // Read first byte
+        byte1 = byteArray[byteIndex] & 0xFF;
+        byteIndex++;
+
+        // 1-byte sequence (no continuation bytes)
+        if ((byte1 & 0x80) == 0) {
+            return byte1;
+        }
+
+        // 2-byte sequence
+        if ((byte1 & 0xE0) == 0xC0) {
+            var byte2 = readContinuationByte();
+            codePoint = ((byte1 & 0x1F) << 6) | byte2;
+            if (codePoint >= 0x80) {
+                return codePoint;
+            } else {
+                throw Error('Invalid continuation byte');
+            }
+        }
+
+        // 3-byte sequence (may include unpaired surrogates)
+        if ((byte1 & 0xF0) == 0xE0) {
+            byte2 = readContinuationByte();
+            byte3 = readContinuationByte();
+            codePoint = ((byte1 & 0x0F) << 12) | (byte2 << 6) | byte3;
+            if (codePoint >= 0x0800) {
+                checkScalarValue(codePoint);
+                return codePoint;
+            } else {
+                throw Error('Invalid continuation byte');
+            }
+        }
+
+        // 4-byte sequence
+        if ((byte1 & 0xF8) == 0xF0) {
+            byte2 = readContinuationByte();
+            byte3 = readContinuationByte();
+            byte4 = readContinuationByte();
+            codePoint = ((byte1 & 0x0F) << 0x12) | (byte2 << 0x0C) |
+                (byte3 << 0x06) | byte4;
+            if (codePoint >= 0x010000 && codePoint <= 0x10FFFF) {
+                return codePoint;
+            }
+        }
+
+        throw Error('Invalid UTF-8 detected');
+    }
+
+    var byteArray;
+    var byteCount;
+    var byteIndex;
+    function utf8decode(byteString) {
+        byteArray = ucs2decode(byteString);
+        byteCount = byteArray.length;
+        byteIndex = 0;
+        var codePoints = [];
+        var tmp;
+        while ((tmp = decodeSymbol()) !== false) {
+            codePoints.push(tmp);
+        }
+        return ucs2encode(codePoints);
+    }
+
+    /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+    var utf8 = {
+        'version': '2.0.0',
+        'encode': utf8encode,
+        'decode': utf8decode
+    };
+
+    // Some AMD build optimizers, like r.js, check for specific condition patterns
+    // like the following:
+    if (
+        typeof define == 'function' &&
+        typeof define.amd == 'object' &&
+        define.amd
+    ) {
+        define(function() {
+            return utf8;
+        });
+    }   else if (freeExports && !freeExports.nodeType) {
+        if (freeModule) { // in Node.js or RingoJS v0.8.0+
+            freeModule.exports = utf8;
+        } else { // in Narwhal or RingoJS v0.7.0-
+            var object = {};
+            var hasOwnProperty = object.hasOwnProperty;
+            for (var key in utf8) {
+                hasOwnProperty.call(utf8, key) && (freeExports[key] = utf8[key]);
+            }
+        }
+    } else { // in Rhino or a web browser
+        root.utf8 = utf8;
+    }
+
+}(this));
+
+}).call(this,typeof self !== "undefined" ? self : typeof window !== "undefined" ? window : typeof global !== "undefined" ? global : {})
+},{}],31:[function(_dereq_,module,exports){
+'use strict';
+
+var alphabet = '0123456789ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-_'.split('')
+  , length = 64
+  , map = {}
+  , seed = 0
+  , i = 0
+  , prev;
+
+/**
+ * Return a string representing the specified number.
+ *
+ * @param {Number} num The number to convert.
+ * @returns {String} The string representation of the number.
+ * @api public
+ */
+function encode(num) {
+  var encoded = '';
+
+  do {
+    encoded = alphabet[num % length] + encoded;
+    num = Math.floor(num / length);
+  } while (num > 0);
+
+  return encoded;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Return the integer value specified by the given string.
+ *
+ * @param {String} str The string to convert.
+ * @returns {Number} The integer value represented by the string.
+ * @api public
+ */
+function decode(str) {
+  var decoded = 0;
+
+  for (i = 0; i < str.length; i++) {
+    decoded = decoded * length + map[str.charAt(i)];
+  }
+
+  return decoded;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Yeast: A tiny growing id generator.
+ *
+ * @returns {String} A unique id.
+ * @api public
+ */
+function yeast() {
+  var now = encode(+new Date());
+
+  if (now !== prev) return seed = 0, prev = now;
+  return now +'.'+ encode(seed++);
+}
+
+//
+// Map each character to its index.
+//
+for (; i < length; i++) map[alphabet[i]] = i;
+
+//
+// Expose the `yeast`, `encode` and `decode` functions.
+//
+yeast.encode = encode;
+yeast.decode = decode;
+module.exports = yeast;
+
+},{}]},{},[1])(1)
+});
diff --git a/examples/tornado/static/style.css b/examples/tornado/static/style.css
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d20bcad9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/tornado/static/style.css
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+body { margin: 0; padding: 0; font-family: Helvetica Neue; }
+h1 { margin: 100px 100px 10px; }
+h2 { color: #999; margin: 0 100px 30px; font-weight: normal; }
+#latency { color: red; }
diff --git a/examples/tornado/templates/latency.html b/examples/tornado/templates/latency.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..345f9b56
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/tornado/templates/latency.html
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+<!doctype html>
+<html>
+  <head>
+    <title>EIO Latency</title>
+    <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/style.css" />
+  </head>
+  <body>
+    <h1>EIO Latency <span id="latency"></span></h1>
+    <h2 id="transport">(connecting)</h2>
+    <canvas id="chart" height="200"></canvas>
+
+    <script src="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/jquery/2.1.4/jquery.js"></script>
+    <script src="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/smoothie/1.27.0/smoothie.js"></script>
+    <script src="/static/engine.io.js"></script>
+    <script>
+      // socket
+      var socket = eio('http://' + document.domain + ':' + location.port);
+      var char = $('chart').get(0);
+      socket.on('open', function() {
+          if (chart.getContext) {
+              render();
+              window.onresize = render;
+          }
+          send();
+      });
+      socket.on('message', function(data) {
+          var latency = new Date - last;
+          $('#latency').text(latency + 'ms');
+          if (time)
+              time.append(+new Date, latency);
+          setTimeout(send, 100);
+      });
+      socket.on('close', function() {
+          if (smoothie)
+              smoothie.stop();
+          $('#transport').text('(disconnected)');
+      });
+
+      var last;
+      function send() {
+          last = new Date;
+          socket.send('ping');
+          $('#transport').text(socket.transport.name);
+      }
+
+      // chart
+      var smoothie;
+      var time;
+      function render() {
+          if (smoothie)
+              smoothie.stop();
+          chart.width = document.body.clientWidth;
+          smoothie = new SmoothieChart();
+          smoothie.streamTo(chart, 1000);
+          time = new TimeSeries();
+          smoothie.addTimeSeries(time, {
+              strokeStyle: 'rgb(255, 0, 0)',
+              fillStyle: 'rgba(255, 0, 0, 0.4)',
+              lineWidth: 2
+          });
+      }
+    </script>
+  </body>
+</html>
diff --git a/examples/tornado/templates/simple.html b/examples/tornado/templates/simple.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..caf9a43c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/tornado/templates/simple.html
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+<html>
+<head>
+<script src="/static/engine.io.js"></script>
+<script src="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/jquery/2.1.4/jquery.js"></script>
+<script>
+  $(document).ready(function() {
+      var socket = eio('http://' + document.domain + ':' + location.port);
+      socket.on('open', function() {
+          $('#log').append("Connected to server.<br>");
+      });
+      socket.on('message', function(data) {
+          $('#log').append("Server says: " + data + "<br>");
+      });
+      socket.on('close', function() {
+          $('#log').append("Server closed the connection.<br>");
+      });
+      window.setInterval(function() {
+          $('#log').append("Sending message to server...<br>");
+          socket.send('hello from client side!');
+      }, 5000);
+  });
+</script>
+</head>
+<body>
+<h1>python-engineio example application</h1>
+<p id="log"></p>
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/tests/test_async_aiohttp.py b/tests/test_async_aiohttp.py
index 837eef90..a6a97004 100644
--- a/tests/test_async_aiohttp.py
+++ b/tests/test_async_aiohttp.py
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ def test_translate_request(self):
     # @mock.patch('async_aiohttp.aiohttp.web.Response')
     def test_make_response(self):
         rv = async_aiohttp.make_response('202 ACCEPTED', {'foo': 'bar'},
-                                         b'payload')
+                                         b'payload', {})
         self.assertEqual(rv.status, 202)
         self.assertEqual(rv.headers['foo'], 'bar')
         self.assertEqual(rv.body, b'payload')
diff --git a/tests/test_asyncio_server.py b/tests/test_asyncio_server.py
index 8b98a985..d0bd0185 100644
--- a/tests/test_asyncio_server.py
+++ b/tests/test_asyncio_server.py
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ def test_is_asyncio_based(self):
 
     def test_async_modes(self):
         s = asyncio_server.AsyncServer()
-        self.assertEqual(s.async_modes(), ['aiohttp', 'sanic'])
+        self.assertEqual(s.async_modes(), ['aiohttp', 'sanic', 'tornado'])
 
     def test_async_mode_aiohttp(self):
         s = asyncio_server.AsyncServer(async_mode='aiohttp')