~dynamic-names.yml

overview: |
  Rationale: this special notation was introduced primarily to allow the dynamic
  loading of partials. The main advantage that this notation offers is to allow
  dynamic loading of partials, which is particularly useful in cases where
  polymorphic data needs to be rendered in different ways. Such cases would
  otherwise be possible to render only with solutions that are convoluted,
  inefficient, or both.

  Example.
  Let's consider the following data:

      items: [
        { content: 'Hello, World!' },
        { url: 'http://example.com/foo.jpg' },
        { content: 'Some text' },
        { content: 'Some other text' },
        { url: 'http://example.com/bar.jpg' },
        { url: 'http://example.com/baz.jpg' },
        { content: 'Last text here' }
      ]

  The goal is to render the different types of items in different ways. The
  items having a key named `content` should be rendered with the template
  `text.mustache`:

      {{!text.mustache}}
      {{content}}

  And the items having a key named `url` should be rendered with the template
  `image.mustache`:

      {{!image.mustache}}
      <img src="{{url}}"/>

  There are already several ways to achieve this goal, here below are
  illustrated and discussed the most significant solutions to this problem.

  Using Pre-Processing

  The idea is to use a secondary templating mechanism to dynamically generate
  the template that will be rendered.
  The template that our secondary templating mechanism generates might look
  like this:

      {{!template.mustache}}
      {{items.1.content}}
      <img src="{{items.2.url}}"/>
      {{items.3.content}}
      {{items.4.content}}
      <img src="{{items.5.url}}"/>
      <img src="{{items.6.url}}"/>
      {{items.7.content}}

  This solutions offers the advantages of having more control over the template
  and minimizing the template blocks to the essential ones.
  The drawbacks are the rendering speed and the complexity that the secondary
  templating mechanism requires.

  Using Lambdas

  The idea is to inject functions into the data that will be later called from
  the template.
  This way the data will look like this:

      items: [
        {
          content: 'Hello, World!',
          html: function() { return '{{>text}}'; }
        },
        {
          url: 'http://example.com/foo.jpg',
          html: function() { return '{{>image}}'; }
        },
        {
          content: 'Some text',
          html: function() { return '{{>text}}'; }
        },
        {
          content: 'Some other text',
          html: function() { return '{{>text}}'; }
        },
        {
          url: 'http://example.com/bar.jpg',
          html: function() { return '{{>image}}'; }
        },
        {
          url: 'http://example.com/baz.jpg',
          html: function() { return '{{>image}}'; }
        },
        {
          content: 'Last text here',
          html: function() { return '{{>text}}'; }
        }
      ]

  And the template will look like this:

      {{!template.mustache}}
      {{#items}}
      {{{html}}}
      {{/items}}

  The advantage this solution offers is to have a light main template.
  The drawback is that the data needs to embed logic and template tags in
  it.

  Using If-Else Blocks

  The idea is to put some logic into the main template so it can select the
  templates at rendering time:

      {{!template.mustache}}
      {{#items}}
      {{#url}}
      {{>image}}
      {{/url}}
      {{#content}}
      {{>text}}
      {{/content}}
      {{/items}}

  The main advantage of this solution is that it works without adding any
  overhead fields to the data. It also documents which external templates are
  appropriate for expansion in this position.
  The drawback is that this solution isn't optimal for heterogeneous data sets
  as the main template grows linearly with the number of polymorphic variants.

  Using Dynamic Names

  This is the solution proposed by this spec.
  The idea is to load partials dynamically.
  This way the data items have to be tagged with the corresponding partial name:

      items: [
        { content: 'Hello, World!',          dynamic: 'text' },
        { url: 'http://example.com/foo.jpg', dynamic: 'image' },
        { content: 'Some text',              dynamic: 'text' },
        { content: 'Some other text',        dynamic: 'text' },
        { url: 'http://example.com/bar.jpg', dynamic: 'image' },
        { url: 'http://example.com/baz.jpg', dynamic: 'image' },
        { content: 'Last text here',         dynamic: 'text' }
      ]

  And the template would simple look like this:

      {{!template.mustache}}
      {{#items}}
      {{>*dynamic}}
      {{/items}}

  Summary:

    +----------------+---------------------+-----------------------------------+
    |    Approach    |        Pros         |               Cons                |
    +----------------+---------------------+-----------------------------------+
    | Pre-Processing | Essential template, | Secondary templating system       |
    |                | more control        | needed, slower rendering          |
    | Lambdas        | Slim template       | Data tagging, logic in data       |
    | If Blocks      | No data overhead,   | Template linear growth            |
    |                | self-documenting    |                                   |
    | Dynamic Names  | Slim template       | Data tagging                      |
    +----------------+---------------------+-----------------------------------+

  Dynamic Names are a special notation to dynamically determine a tag's content.

  Dynamic Names MUST be a non-whitespace character sequence NOT containing
  the current closing delimiter. A Dynamic Name consists of an asterisk,
  followed by a dotted name. The dotted name follows the same notation as in an
  Interpolation tag.

  This tag's dotted name, which is the Dynamic Name excluding the
  leading asterisk, references a key in the context whose value will be used in
  place of the Dynamic Name itself as content of the tag. The dotted name
  resolution produces the same value as an Interpolation tag and does not affect
  the context for further processing.

  Set Delimiter tags MUST NOT affect the resolution of a Dynamic Name. The
  Dynamic Names MUST be resolved against the context stack local to the tag.
  Failed resolution of the dynamic name SHOULD result in nothing being rendered.

  Engines that implement Dynamic Names MUST support their use in Partial tags.
  In engines that also implement the optional inheritance spec, Dynamic Names
  inside Parent tags SHOULD be supported as well. Dynamic Names cannot be
  resolved more than once (Dynamic Names cannot be nested).

tests:
  - name: Basic Behavior - Partial
    desc: The asterisk operator is used for dynamic partials.
    data: { dynamic: 'content' }
    template: '"{{>*dynamic}}"'
    partials: { content: 'Hello, world!' }
    expected: '"Hello, world!"'

  - name: Basic Behavior - Name Resolution
    desc: |
      The asterisk is not part of the name that will be resolved in the context.
    data: { dynamic: 'content', '*dynamic': 'wrong' }
    template: '"{{>*dynamic}}"'
    partials: { content: 'Hello, world!', wrong: 'Invisible' }
    expected: '"Hello, world!"'

  - name: Context Misses - Partial
    desc: Failed context lookups should be considered falsey.
    data: { }
    template: '"{{>*missing}}"'
    partials: { missing: 'Hello, world!' }
    expected: '""'

  - name: Failed Lookup - Partial
    desc: The empty string should be used when the named partial is not found.
    data: { dynamic: 'content' }
    template: '"{{>*dynamic}}"'
    partials: { foobar: 'Hello, world!' }
    expected: '""'

  - name: Context
    desc: The dynamic partial should operate within the current context.
    data: { text: 'Hello, world!', example: 'partial'  }
    template: '"{{>*example}}"'
    partials: { partial: '*{{text}}*' }
    expected: '"*Hello, world!*"'

  - name: Dotted Names
    desc: The dynamic partial should operate within the current context.
    data: { text: 'Hello, world!', foo: { bar: { baz: 'partial' } } }
    template: '"{{>*foo.bar.baz}}"'
    partials: { partial: '*{{text}}*' }
    expected: '"*Hello, world!*"'

  - name: Dotted Names - Operator Precedence
    desc: The dotted name should be resolved entirely before being dereferenced.
    data:
      text: 'Hello, world!'
      foo: 'test'
      test:
        bar:
          baz: 'partial'
    template: '"{{>*foo.bar.baz}}"'
    partials: { partial: '*{{text}}*' }
    expected: '""'

  - name: Dotted Names - Failed Lookup
    desc: The dynamic partial should operate within the current context.
    data:
      foo:
        text: 'Hello, world!'
        bar:
          baz: 'partial'
    template: '"{{>*foo.bar.baz}}"'
    partials: { partial: '*{{text}}*' }
    expected: '"**"'

  - name: Dotted names - Context Stacking
    desc: Dotted names should not push a new frame on the context stack.
    data:
      section1: { value: 'section1' }
      section2: { dynamic: 'partial', value: 'section2' }
    template: "{{#section1}}{{>*section2.dynamic}}{{/section1}}"
    partials:
      partial: '"{{value}}"'
    expected: '"section1"'

  - name: Dotted names - Context Stacking Under Repetition
    desc: Dotted names should not push a new frame on the context stack.
    data:
      value: 'test'
      section1: [ 1, 2 ]
      section2: { dynamic: 'partial', value: 'section2' }
    template: "{{#section1}}{{>*section2.dynamic}}{{/section1}}"
    partials:
      partial: "{{value}}"
    expected: "testtest"

  - name: Dotted names - Context Stacking Failed Lookup
    desc: Dotted names should resolve against the proper context stack.
    data:
      section1: [ 1, 2 ]
      section2: { dynamic: 'partial', value: 'section2' }
    template: "{{#section1}}{{>*section2.dynamic}}{{/section1}}"
    partials:
      partial: '"{{value}}"'
    expected: '""""'

  - name: Recursion
    desc: Dynamic partials should properly recurse.
    data:
      template: 'node'
      content: 'X'
      nodes: [ { content: 'Y', nodes: [] } ]
    template: '{{>*template}}'
    partials: { node: '{{content}}<{{#nodes}}{{>*template}}{{/nodes}}>' }
    expected: 'X<Y<>>'

  - name: Dynamic Names - Double Dereferencing
    desc: Dynamic Names can't be dereferenced more than once.
    data: { dynamic: 'test', 'test': 'content' }
    template: '"{{>**dynamic}}"'
    partials: { content: 'Hello, world!' }
    expected: '""'

  - name: Dynamic Names - Composed Dereferencing
    desc: Dotted Names are resolved entirely before dereferencing begins.
    data: { foo: 'fizz', bar: 'buzz', fizz: { buzz: { content: null } } }
    template: '"{{>*foo.*bar}}"'
    partials: { content: 'Hello, world!' }
    expected: '""'

  # Whitespace Sensitivity

  - name: Surrounding Whitespace
    desc: |
      A dynamic partial should not alter surrounding whitespace; any
      whitespace preceding the tag should be treated as indentation while any
      whitespace succeding the tag should be left untouched.
    data: { partial: 'foobar' }
    template: '| {{>*partial}} |'
    partials: { foobar: "\t|\t" }
    expected: "| \t|\t |"

  - name: Inline Indentation
    desc: |
      Whitespace should be left untouched: whitespaces preceding the tag
      should be treated as indentation.
    data: { dynamic: 'partial', data: '|' }
    template: "  {{data}}  {{>*dynamic}}\n"
    partials: { partial: ">\n>" }
    expected: "  |  >\n>\n"

  - name: Standalone Line Endings
    desc: '"\r\n" should be considered a newline for standalone tags.'
    data: { dynamic: 'partial' }
    template: "|\r\n{{>*dynamic}}\r\n|"
    partials: { partial: ">" }
    expected: "|\r\n>|"

  - name: Standalone Without Previous Line
    desc: Standalone tags should not require a newline to precede them.
    data: { dynamic: 'partial' }
    template: "  {{>*dynamic}}\n>"
    partials: { partial: ">\n>"}
    expected: "  >\n  >>"

  - name: Standalone Without Newline
    desc: Standalone tags should not require a newline to follow them.
    data: { dynamic: 'partial' }
    template: ">\n  {{>*dynamic}}"
    partials: { partial: ">\n>" }
    expected: ">\n  >\n  >"

  - name: Standalone Indentation
    desc: Each line of the partial should be indented before rendering.
    data: { dynamic: 'partial', content: "<\n->" }
    template: |
      \
       {{>*dynamic}}
      /
    partials:
      partial: |
        |
        {{{content}}}
        |
    expected: |
      \
       |
       <
      ->
       |
      /

  # Whitespace Insensitivity

  - name: Padding Whitespace
    desc: Superfluous in-tag whitespace should be ignored.
    data: { dynamic: 'partial', boolean: true }
    template: "|{{> * dynamic }}|"
    partials: { partial: "[]" }
    expected: '|[]|'