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# Rust web framework comparison
A comparison of some web frameworks written in [Rust](https://www.rust-lang.org).
This overview only contains frameworks that work on stable Rust.
## Table of Contents
- [Rust web framework comparison](#rust-web-framework-comparison)
- [Table of Contents](#table-of-contents)
- [Frontend frameworks (WASM)](#frontend-frameworks-wasm)
- [Outdated frontend frameworks](#outdated-frontend-frameworks)
- [Server frameworks](#server-frameworks)
- [High-Level Server Frameworks](#high-level-server-frameworks)
- [Low-Level Frameworks](#low-level-frameworks)
- [Outdated server frameworks](#outdated-server-frameworks)
- [Client frameworks](#client-frameworks)
- [Outdated client frameworks](#outdated-client-frameworks)
- [Supplemental libraries](#supplemental-libraries)
- [Templating](#templating)
- [Websocket Libraries](#websocket-libraries)
- [Resources](#resources)
- [Blog posts](#blog-posts)
- [2018](#2018)
- [Until 2017](#until-2017)
- [Demos](#demos)
- [Real-world web projects using Rust](#real-world-web-projects-using-rust)
- [JS & asm.js & [WASM](http://webassembly.org/)](#js--asmjs--wasm)
- [Examples](#examples)
- [Benchmark](#benchmark)
## Frontend frameworks (WASM)
Since [WASM](http://webassembly.org/) support is available in most browsers we can use Rust to build web applications :)
{{ frontend_frameworks }}
### Outdated frontend frameworks
{{ outdated_frontend_frameworks }}
## Server frameworks
### High-Level Server Frameworks
This overview only contains frameworks that support async execution.
| Name | rocket | warp | actix-web | gotham | Thruster | tide | salvo | trillium | axum | Poem |
| ------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------------ |
| **License** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| **Version** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| **Github Stars** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| **Contributors** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| **Activity** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| **Base framework** | hyper | hyper | tokio | hyper | tokio (or hyper) | async-std | hyper | | hyper | hyper |
| **HTTPS support** | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | | yes | yes | | yes |
| **HTTP/2 support** | yes | yes | yes | no | yes | | yes | no | | yes |
- **actix-web** ([homepage](https://actix.rs/) / [repository](https://github.com/actix/actix-web) / [documentation](https://docs.rs/actix-web) / [examples](https://github.com/actix/examples#community-showcase))
- **axum** ( / [repository](https://github.com/tokio-rs/axum) / [documentation](https://docs.rs/axum) / [examples](https://github.com/tokio-rs/axum/tree/main/examples) )
- **gotham** ([homepage](http://gotham.rs/) / [repository](https://github.com/gotham-rs/gotham/) / [documentation](https://docs.rs/gotham/) / [examples](https://github.com/gotham-rs/gotham/tree/master/examples))
- **rocket** ([homepage](https://rocket.rs/) / [repository](https://github.com/SergioBenitez/rocket) / [documentation](https://rocket.rs/guide/))
- **Thruster** ( - / [repository](https://github.com/trezm/Thruster) / [documentation](https://docs.rs/thruster) / [examples](https://github.com/trezm/Thruster/tree/master/examples))
- **Tide** ( - / [repository](https://github.com/rustasync/tide) / [documentation](https://docs.rs/tide) / [examples](https://github.com/rustasync/tide/tree/master/examples))
- **warp** ( - / [repository](https://github.com/seanmonstar/warp) / [documentation](https://docs.rs/warp/) / [examples](https://github.com/seanmonstar/warp/tree/master/examples))
- **salvo** ( - / [repository](https://github.com/salvo-rs/salvo) / [documentation](https://docs.rs/salvo/) / [examples](https://github.com/salvo-rs/salvo/tree/master/examples))
- **trillium** ([homepage](https://trillium.rs/) / [repository](https://github.com/trillium-rs/trillium) / [documentation](https://docs.trillium.rs/) / [user guide](https://trillium.rs/))
- **Poem** ( - / [repository](https://github.com/poem-web/poem) / [documentation](https://github.com/poem-web/poem/blob/master/poem/README.md) / [examples](https://github.com/poem-web/poem/tree/master/examples))
### Low-Level Frameworks
{{ low_level_server }}
### Outdated server frameworks
- [civet](https://github.com/wycats/rust-civet)
- [conduit](https://github.com/conduit-rust/conduit)
- [cargonaouts](https://github.com/cargonauts-rs/cargonauts)
- [hydrogen](https://github.com/nathansizemore/hydrogen)
- [iron](https://github.com/iron/iron)
- [kinglet](https://github.com/pyfisch/kinglet)
- [nickel](https://github.com/nickel-org/nickel.rs/)
- [rouille](https://github.com/tomaka/rouille)
- [rustless](https://github.com/rustless/rustless)
- [rustful](https://github.com/Ogeon/rustful)
- [shio](https://github.com/mehcode/shio-rs)
- [sappers](https://github.com/sappworks/sapper)
- [solicit](https://github.com/mlalic/solicit)
- [tower-web](https://github.com/carllerche/tower-web)
- [tk-http](https://github.com/swindon-rs/tk-http)
## Client frameworks
To build web clients with Rust, you can choose between these libraries:
- **reqwest** (- / [repository](https://github.com/seanmonstar/reqwest) / [documentation](https://docs.rs/reqwest))
- **awc** (- / [repository](https://github.com/actix/actix-web/tree/master/awc) / [api docs](https://docs.rs/awc))
- **hyper** ([homepage](http://hyper.rs/) / [repository](https://github.com/hyperium/hyper) / [documentation](http://hyper.rs/hyper/hyper/))
- **jsonrpc** (- / [repository](https://github.com/apoelstra/rust-jsonrpc/ ) / [documentation](https://www.wpsoftware.net/rustdoc/jsonrpc/))
### Outdated client frameworks
- [ease](https://github.com/SimonPersson/ease)
## Supplemental libraries
### Templating
{{ templating }}
### Websocket Libraries
| Name | websocket | ws-rs | twist | tungstenite | actix-web |
| ------------------ | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| **License** |  |  |  |  |  |
| **Version** |  |  |  |  |  |
| **Github Stars** |  |  |  |  |  |
| **Contributors** |  |  |  |  |  |
| **Activity** |  |  |  |  |  |
| **Server** | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes |
| **Client** | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes |
| **Base framework** | - / tokio | mio | tokio | - / tokio | tokio |
| **Async** | no / yes | yes | yes | no / yes | yes |
- **websocket** ([homepage](https://websockets-rs.github.io/rust-websocket/) / [repository](https://github.com/websockets-rs/rust-websocket) / [documentation](https://websockets-rs.github.io/rust-websocket/doc/websocket/))
- **ws-rs** ([homepage](https://ws-rs.org) / [repository](https://github.com/housleyjk/ws-rs) / [documentation](https://ws-rs.org/docs))
- **tungstenite** ( - / [repository](https://github.com/snapview/tungstenite-rs) / [documentation](https://docs.rs/crate/tungstenite/))
- **tokio-tungstenite** ( - / [repository](https://github.com/snapview/tokio-tungstenite) / [documentation](https://docs.rs/tokio-tungstenite))
- **actix-web** ([homepage](https://actix.rs/) / [repository](https://github.com/actix/actix-web) / [documentation](https://actix.github.io/actix-web/actix_web/))
## Resources
### Blog posts
#### 2018
- [Lessons learned on writing web applications completely in Rust](https://medium.com/@saschagrunert/lessons-learned-on-writing-web-applications-completely-in-rust-2080d0990287)
- [Introducing Ruukh Framework](https://sharadchand.com/2018/10/03/ruukh-framework.html)
- [Baby’s First Rust+WebAssembly module: Say hi to JSConf EU!](https://hacks.mozilla.org/2018/06/babys-first-rustwebassembly-module-say-hi-to-jsconf-eu/)
- [Mix Rust Code (WebAssembly) with Vue Component](https://busy.org/@drsensor/mix-rust-code-webassembly-with-vue-component-basic)
- [Wicked Fast Web Servers in Rust](https://medium.com/@MertzAlertz/wicked-fast-web-servers-in-rust-4947688426bc)
- [Migrating to Actix Web from Rocket for Stability](https://nbsoftsolutions.com/blog/migrating-to-actix-web-from-rocket-for-stability)
- [Creating a Rusty Rocket fuelled with Diesel](https://lankydanblog.com/2018/05/20/creating-a-rusty-rocket-fuelled-with-diesel/)
#### Until 2017
- [Dose Response ported to WebAssembly!](https://aimlesslygoingforward.com/blog/2017/12/25/dose-response-ported-to-webassembly/)
- [Rust and the case for WebAssembly in 2018](https://mgattozzi.com/rust-wasm)
- [wasm32-unknown-unknown landed & enabled](https://www.hellorust.com/news/native-wasm-target.html)
- [How to Deploy a Rocket Application to Heroku](http://www.duelinmarkers.com/2017/10/21/how-to-deploy-a-rocket-application-to-heroku.html)
- [Rust to WebAssembly, Made Easy](https://lord.io/blog/2017/wargo/)
- [Rust for the web](https://thefullsnack.com/en/rust-for-the-web.html)
- [Rocket on Fedora](https://sumantrom.blogspot.de/2017/04/rocket-on-fedora.html)
- [Announcing Gotham - A flexible web framework for stable Rust that does not sacrifice safety, security or speed.](https://gotham.rs/2017/08/09/announcing-gotham.html)
- [Announcing cargonauts - A Rust async web framework](https://medium.com/@withoutboats/announcing-cargonauts-db5efaaaf7d2)
- [Writing a GitHub webhook with Rust! Part 1: Rocket](https://medium.com/@aergonaut/writing-a-github-webhook-with-rust-part-1-rocket-4426dd06d45d)
- [Hello, Botket! (Rocket)](http://ootoovak.com/2017/04/08/botket/)
- [Launching a URL Shortener in Rust using Rocket](http://matthias-endler.de/2017/rust-url-shortener/)
- [Rocket + sodiumoxide = ♥](https://skinkade.github.io/rocket-encrypted-rest/)
- [The Path to Rust on the Web](http://asquera.de/blog/2017-04-10/the-path-to-rust-on-the-web/)
- [Rendering Vector Map Tiles (Rust + asm.js demo)](https://pyfisch.org/blog/rendering-vector-map-tiles/)
- [Compiling to the web with Rust and emscripten](https://users.rust-lang.org/t/compiling-to-the-web-with-rust-and-emscripten/7627)
- [Basic 2FA in Rocket](https://skinkade.github.io/rocket-auth-demo/)
- [Building high performance REST APIs with Rust and Rocket](https://github.com/sebasmagri/rocket-loadavg-api/blob/master/README.md)
- [Rocket Rocks! Using FromFormValue Traits to protect your website](http://blog.stephanbuys.com/2017/01/rocket-rocks-using-fromformvalue-traits.html)
- [Building an Asynchronous Hyper Server](https://mgattozzi.com/hyper-async)
- [JWT & Access Roles in Rocket](https://skinkade.github.io/rocket-jwt-roles-demo/)
- [Writing a basic JSON response web server in Rust using Iron](https://www.jamestease.co.uk/blether/writing-a-basic-json-web-server-in-rust-using-iron)
- [Diesel Powered Rocket](https://mgattozzi.com/diesel-powered-rocket)
- [Using Stainless with Rocket](http://neikos.me/Using_Stainless_with_Rocket.html)
- [Integration testing a service written in Rust and Iron](https://www.nibor.org/blog/integration-testing-a-service-written-in-rust-and-iron/)
- [Actually using Iron: A grumpy introduction to web development in Rust](https://wiki.alopex.li/ActuallyUsingIron)
- [Using Rust for Webdev as a Hobby Programmer](http://neikos.me/Using_Rust_for_Webdev_as_a_Hobby_Programmer.html)
- [My adventures in Rust webdev](https://medium.com/@tomaka/my-adventures-in-rust-webdev-850c67be6c40)
- [Rust’s Iron Framework: First impressions](https://medium.com/@ericdreichert/rusts-iron-framework-first-impressions-dc8e2b1308e4)
- Rust for Node.js developers
- [Part 3 - Crates, Modules and the web](http://fredrik.anderzon.se/rust-for-node-js-developers-part-3-crates-modules-and-the-web/)
- [Part 2 - Can I borrow that?](http://fredrik.anderzon.se/2016/06/17/rust-for-node-js-developers-part-2-can-i-borrow-that/)
- [Part 1 - Introduction to Rust](http://fredrik.anderzon.se/2016/05/10/rust-for-node-developers-part-1-introduction/)
- [A Rust-powered public web page in 5 minutes](https://medium.com/@rap2h/a-rust-powered-public-website-in-5-minutes-b682d8527b6b#.q0ehmcqim)
- [Rust and Rest](http://lucumr.pocoo.org/2016/7/10/rust-rest/)
- [Shipping forgettable microservices with Rust](https://precompile.com/2016/06/23/shipping-forgettable-microservices-with-rust.html)
- [Writing a simple REST app in Rust](https://gsquire.github.io/static/post/rest-in-rust/)
- [Getting started with Rust](https://tech.zalando.de/blog/getting-started-with-rust/)
- [Let's Build a Web Server in Rust](https://dfockler.github.io/2016/05/20/web-server.html)
- [Creating a basic webservice in Rust](http://hermanradtke.com/2016/05/16/creating-a-basic-webservice-in-rust.html)
- [Iron on uWSGI](http://i.shibe.ml/blog/?id=iron_on_uwsgi)
- [Deploying a Rust App to Google App Engine](http://blog.jecrooks.com/posts/rust-on-appengine.html)
- [async hyper](http://seanmonstar.com/post/141495445652/async-hyper)
- [Trying Rust for web services](https://blog.wearewizards.io/trying-rust-for-web-services)
- [Are we web yet?](http://www.arewewebyet.org)
- [Reimplementing ashurbanipal.web in Rust](http://maniagnosis.crsr.net/2015/07/reimplementing-ashurbanipalweb-in-rust.html)
- [A web app with Nickel: From first line to Heroku deployment](http://blog.thoughtram.io/rust/2015/07/29/a-web-app-with-nickel-from-first-line-to-heroku-deployment.html)
- [What features Iron does not have compared to a web server like nginx?](https://www.reddit.com/r/rust/comments/3t1mze/what_features_iron_does_not_have_compared_to_a/)
- [Build an API in Rust with JWT Authentication using Nickel.rs](https://auth0.com/blog/2015/11/30/build-an-api-in-rust-with-jwt-authentication-using-nickelrs/)
- [Selective Middleware for Iron](https://gregchapple.com/selective-middleware-for-iron/)
- [Rust for the Web - RESTful API in Rust, impressions](https://medium.com/@eugeniyoz/restful-api-in-rust-impressions-63250d611d15)
- [Rust for Node developers](https://github.com/Mercateo/rust-for-node-developers)
### Demos
- [exoskeleton](https://github.com/redo-studios/exoskeleton) - Iron
- [Example webapp using React + Webpack](https://github.com/cmsd2/rust-iron-react-webpack) - Iron
- [rustwebapp](https://github.com/kordless/rustwebapp) - Iron and Postgres (r2d2)
- [webrust](https://github.com/Keats/webrust) - Iron and Postgres (r2d2)
- [httptest](https://github.com/brson/httptest) - Iron
- [nickel-todo-backend](https://github.com/Ryman/nickel-todo-backend/) - Nickel and Postgres (r2d2)
- [rust-playground](https://github.com/integer32llc/rust-playground) - Iron
- [rust-web-example](https://github.com/DavidBM/rust-webserver-example-with-iron-diesel-r2d2-serde) - Iron + Diesel (r2d2) + Serde
- [websocket chat](https://github.com/actix/examples/tree/master/websocket-chat) - Actix: Browser Websocket + tcp chat
- [diesel](https://github.com/actix/examples/tree/master/diesel) - Actix + Diesel
- [json](https://github.com/actix/examples/tree/master/json) - Actix + serde\_json or json\_rust
### Real-world web projects using Rust
- [Lemmy](https://github.com/LemmyNet/lemmy) - Actix + Diesel
- [paste.rs](https://paste.rs/) - Rocket
- [realworld-rust-rocket](https://github.com/TatriX/realworld-rust-rocket) - Rocket + Diesel, medium.com clone example
- [Portier](https://portier.github.io/) - Iron and Redis
- [yaus](https://github.com/gsquire/yaus) - Iron and SQLite
- [racerd](https://github.com/jwilm/racerd) - Iron
- [rust-passivetotal](https://github.com/passivetotal/rust_api) - Hyper
- [mars](https://github.com/Ticki/mars) - Hyper
- [openfairdb](https://github.com/flosse/openfairdb) - Rocket and SQLite (diesel + r2d2)
- [ruma](https://github.com/ruma/ruma) - Iron and Posgres (diesel + r2d2)
- [html2pdf](https://github.com/rap2hpoutre/htmltopdf) - Iron
- [Hagrid](https://gitlab.com/hagrid-keyserver/hagrid) (keys.openpgp.org) - Rocket
### JS & [asm.js](http://asmjs.org/) & [WASM](http://webassembly.org/)
- [hellorust.com](https://www.hellorust.com) - a website with news, resources and demos
#### Examples
- [rust-webapp-template](https://github.com/huytd/rust-webapp-template) - Template project for Rust web app using *stdweb*
- [rust-todomvc](http://github.com/tcr/rust-todomvc) - an example application build with webplatform
- [wasm-experiments](https://github.com/killercup/wasm-experiments) - experiments with `wasm32-unknown-unknown`
#### Benchmark
- [TechEmpower Web Framework Benchmarks](https://www.techempower.com/benchmarks/#section=data-r15&hw=ph&test=plaintext)
- [web-frameworks](https://github.com/the-benchmarker/web-frameworks) - Measuring response times (routing times) for each framework (middleware). Each framework has to have two features; routing and parsing path parameters.