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User Authentication

Table of Contents

How To Authenticate

Authentication can be provided in Basic or Bearer form. If two factor auth is enabled for the target user, a one time pass may be required. One time passes may be provided using the npm-otp header.

All examples will use -u username:password for brevity. Bearer token auth is generally preferred and will work in all cases. To create a Bearer token, use the Login or Token Create endpoints.

Examples:

$ curl -u username:password https://registry.npmjs.org/          # basic

$ curl -H 'Authorization: Bearer 29bfaaaa-46c5-aaee-ba6f-92bedeadbeef' \
  https://registry.npmjs.org/                                    # bearer

$ curl -H 'npm-otp: 10101' \                                # basic + otp
  -u username:password https://registry.npmjs.org/

$ curl -H 'npm-otp: 10101' \                                # bearer + otp
  -H 'Authorization: Bearer 29bfaaaa-46c5-aaee-ba6f-92bedeadbeef' \
  https://registry.npmjs.org/

Two Factor Authentication

Users may enable two factor authentication using the User Update endpoint. npm's two factor auth implementation is time-based, generating six-digit codes every 30 seconds. To authenticate a request that is subject to two-factor auth, include a npm-otp with one of the six-digit codes or an unused recovery code.

There are two possible modes for two factor auth: auth-only and auth-and-writes.

In auth-only mode, only requests that require a password are subject to two factor authentication. For example, changing one's password using the User Update endpoint, creating a new token using the Login or Token Create endpoints, or any Basic auth request.

In auth-and-writes mode, all PUT, DELETE, and POST requests are subject to two factor authentication. The only exceptions to this rule are: starring or unstarring a packaging, or adding or removing non-"latest" dist-tags on packages.

Routes

Method Route Name
PUT /-/user/org.couchdb.user:${user} Login
POST /-/npm/v1/user User Update
GET /-/npm/v1/tokens Token List
POST /-/npm/v1/tokens Token Create
DELETE /-/npm/v1/tokens/token/:hash Token Delete
DELETE /-/user/token/${token} [Delete Token]

Objects

Attributes marked with // * may not always appear in the object.

Page

A container object for pages of lists.

// "*" indicates a field that may not always appear
{
  total: Number,    // *
  objects: [Object],
  urls: {
    next: String,   // *
    prev: String,   // *
  }
}

Error

An error. The message property is contains a user-facing string. Clients should check for message, then error.

{
  message: String,  // * (check this first)
  error: String     // * (check this second)
  ok: false         // *
}

Legacy Status

A legacy status. Reports whether or not an operation succeeded. The status is largely superficial: users may rely on the HTTP status issued with the response instead, which is authoritative.

{
  ok: Boolean
}

Date

All Date objects will be represented as ISO-8601 UTC datetime strings.

Token

A token for a user. On creation, the token attribute will be a valid UUID. If readonly == true, the token may only be used to authenticate for non-destructive HTTP methods -- for example, GET and HEAD requests.

{
  token: String,  // "[REDACTED]" on subsequent display. The "Bearer" token.
  key: String,    // sha512 hash of the token UUID
  cidr_whitelist: [String],
  created: Date,
  updated: Date,
  readonly: Boolean
}

Token Creation Request

// "*" indicates a field that may not always appear
{
  password: String,
  readonly: Boolean,  // *
  cidr_whitelist: [   // *
    String,
    ...
  ]
}

Login Request

// "*" indicates a field that may not always appear
{
  name: String,
  password: String,
  readonly: Boolean,  // *
  cidr_whitelist: [   // *
    String,           // e.g., "192.168.1.1/32"
    ...
  ]
}

Login Response

A legacy response used by npm login. id and rev are vestigal fields from couchdb and should be ignored by clients; they may go away in the future.

{
  token: String,                      // the Bearer token
  ok: true,
  id: 'org.couchdb.user:undefined',
  rev: '_we_dont_use_revs_any_more'
}

API Methods

Login

curl -X PUT \
     -H 'content-type: application/json' \
     -d <Login Request> \
     http://registry.npmjs.org/-/user/org.couchdb.user:${user}

Authentication is not required.

Attempt to login as the username listed in Login Request. If the user in question has Two Factor Authentication enabled, a valid npm-otp header must be provided.

Returns:

User Update

See User Update in the profile documentation.

NOTE: This endpoint allows users to enable, disable, or change their TFA settings.

Token List

curl -u user:pass \
     https://registry.npmjs.org/-/npm/v1/tokens

Authentication is required

Fetch a user's active tokens. The token UUIDs will be redacted, but the objects will have a key attribute populated, which is the hexadecimal sha512 hash of the token.

Query parameters:

  • perPage: Integer, 1-9999. Defaults to 10.
  • page: Integer. Defaults to 0.

Returns:

  • 200 with a Page of Token objects.
  • 400 with an Error for an invalid page or out of range page.

Token Create

curl -u user:pass \
     -X POST \
     -H 'content-type: application/json' \
     -d <Token Creation Request>
     https://registry.npmjs.org/-/npm/v1/tokens

Authentication is required

Create a new Token viable for authenticating as the currently authenticated user. Takes a Token Creation Request. The following attributes may be requested:

  • readonly: The token will be valid only for authenticating non-destructive HTTP methods -- e.g., GET and HEAD requests.
  • cidr_whitelist: The token will only be valid for requesting IPs specified by this list (or any IPs set on the user themselves as part of a profile update.)

Example:

$ curl -u test-chrisdickinson:some-password -X POST -d '{"password": "some-password"}' \
  -H 'content-type: application/json' https://registry.npmjs.org/-/npm/v1/tokens | json
{
  "token": "b4dc4fe3-30f1-43ea-bf32-87349e3b8cb5",
  "key": "48297953007cfb44e3451902d39c5bacf7a4f49369591e511de9f174afa90288f35b4a940a54dfe9f110ac30634443f24667c673fb65ef771954236c51e9b036",
  "cidr_whitelist": null,
  "readonly": false,
  "created": "2017-08-15T07:42:40.811Z",
  "updated": "2017-08-15T07:42:40.811Z"
}

$ curl -u test-chrisdickinson:some-password -X POST \
  -d '{"password": "some-password", "readonly": true, "cidr_whitelist": ["192.168.1.1/32"]}' \
  -H 'content-type: application/json' https://registry.npmjs.org/-/npm/v1/tokens | json
{
  "token": "86150c99-c17e-4ec8-99a4-d11b8c5fe3ad",
  "key": "fa06877427ed1fd75abd41c2fe12fa12b100e93b4dd00df46f653fa67de8b9ec38dd6982401adf360c3d380af432f619434b30199ec92332b96e42ce2802a0c9",
  "cidr_whitelist": [
    "192.168.1.1/32"
  ],
  "readonly": true,
  "created": "2017-08-15T07:44:32.151Z",
  "updated": "2017-08-15T07:44:32.151Z"
}

Returns:

  • 200 with a Token object. The token attribute will be populated with a valid UUID. This UUID will never be displayed again by the registry.
  • 401 with an Error object. In addition to the global authentication rules, if the password supplied in the body was invalid for the current user, this error will be returned.

Token Delete

curl -X DELETE \
     https://registry.npmjs.org/-/npm/v1/tokens/token/<UUID>

Remove a token from the system. ⚠️ At present, this does not evict the token from cache. It will continue to be valid for one hour.

  • 🔮 In the future, deleting the token will evict it from cache.

Returns:

  • 204 No Content on success.