diff --git a/pkg/statistics/builder_test.go b/pkg/statistics/builder_test.go
index 732b490004c1b..237d808a6cd7d 100644
--- a/pkg/statistics/builder_test.go
+++ b/pkg/statistics/builder_test.go
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 package statistics
 
 import (
+	"math/rand"
 	"testing"
 
 	"github.com/pingcap/tidb/pkg/parser/mysql"
@@ -26,6 +27,7 @@ import (
 
 // BenchmarkBuildHistAndTopN is used to benchmark the performance of BuildHistAndTopN.
 // go test -benchmem -run=^$ -bench ^BenchmarkBuildHistAndTopN$ github.com/pingcap/tidb/pkg/statistics
+// * The NDV is 1000000
 func BenchmarkBuildHistAndTopN(b *testing.B) {
 	ctx := mock.NewContext()
 	const cnt = 1000_000
@@ -75,3 +77,56 @@ func BenchmarkBuildHistAndTopN(b *testing.B) {
 		_, _, _ = BuildHistAndTopN(ctx, 256, 500, 0, collector, filedType, true, memoryTracker, false)
 	}
 }
+
+// BenchmarkBuildHistAndTopNWithLowNDV is used to benchmark the performance of BuildHistAndTopN with low NDV.
+// go test -benchmem -run=^$ -bench ^BenchmarkBuildHistAndTopNWithLowNDV github.com/pingcap/tidb/pkg/statistics
+// * NDV is 102
+func BenchmarkBuildHistAndTopNWithLowNDV(b *testing.B) {
+	ctx := mock.NewContext()
+	const cnt = 1000_000
+	sketch := NewFMSketch(cnt)
+	data := make([]*SampleItem, 0, 8)
+	total := 0
+	for i := 1; i <= 1_000; i++ {
+		total++
+		d := types.NewIntDatum(int64(1000))
+		err := sketch.InsertValue(ctx.GetSessionVars().StmtCtx, d)
+		require.NoError(b, err)
+		data = append(data, &SampleItem{Value: d})
+	}
+	for i := 1; i <= 1_000; i++ {
+		total++
+		d := types.NewIntDatum(int64(2000))
+		err := sketch.InsertValue(ctx.GetSessionVars().StmtCtx, d)
+		require.NoError(b, err)
+		data = append(data, &SampleItem{Value: d})
+	}
+	end := total / 2
+	for i := 0; i < end; i++ {
+		total++
+		d := types.NewIntDatum(rand.Int63n(50))
+		err := sketch.InsertValue(ctx.GetSessionVars().StmtCtx, d)
+		require.NoError(b, err)
+		data = append(data, &SampleItem{Value: d})
+	}
+	end = cnt - total
+	for i := 0; i < end; i++ {
+		d := types.NewIntDatum(rand.Int63n(100))
+		err := sketch.InsertValue(ctx.GetSessionVars().StmtCtx, d)
+		require.NoError(b, err)
+		data = append(data, &SampleItem{Value: d})
+	}
+	collector := &SampleCollector{
+		Samples:   data,
+		NullCount: 0,
+		Count:     int64(len(data)),
+		FMSketch:  sketch,
+		TotalSize: int64(len(data)) * 8,
+	}
+	filedType := types.NewFieldType(mysql.TypeLong)
+	memoryTracker := memory.NewTracker(10, 1024*1024*1024)
+	b.ResetTimer()
+	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
+		_, _, _ = BuildHistAndTopN(ctx, 256, 500, 0, collector, filedType, true, memoryTracker, false)
+	}
+}