diff --git a/.changeset/ten-mirrors-refuse.md b/.changeset/ten-mirrors-refuse.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..afb2da1853a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.changeset/ten-mirrors-refuse.md
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+---
+'@primer/react': minor
+---
+
+TreeView: Adds `aria-label` prop to `TreeView.Subtree`
diff --git a/packages/react/src/TreeView/TreeView.docs.json b/packages/react/src/TreeView/TreeView.docs.json
index 2cb75ac6eb5..91404fc2375 100644
--- a/packages/react/src/TreeView/TreeView.docs.json
+++ b/packages/react/src/TreeView/TreeView.docs.json
@@ -190,6 +190,11 @@
           "name": "count",
           "type": "number",
           "description": "The number of items expected to be in the subtree. When in the loading state, the subtree will render a skeleton loading placeholder with the specified count of items"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "aria-label",
+          "type": "string",
+          "description": "An accessible name for the subtree. It is recommended that you provide a short version of the parent list item's name as the name of the subtree."
         }
       ]
     },
diff --git a/packages/react/src/TreeView/TreeView.test.tsx b/packages/react/src/TreeView/TreeView.test.tsx
index 34dc96e5df9..727df4806c3 100644
--- a/packages/react/src/TreeView/TreeView.test.tsx
+++ b/packages/react/src/TreeView/TreeView.test.tsx
@@ -238,7 +238,7 @@ describe('Markup', () => {
   })
 
   it('should render with containIntrinsicSize', () => {
-    const {getByLabelText} = renderWithTheme(
+    const {getByText} = renderWithTheme(
       <TreeView aria-label="Test tree">
         <TreeView.Item id="parent" containIntrinsicSize="2rem" defaultExpanded>
           Parent
@@ -253,9 +253,9 @@ describe('Markup', () => {
 
     // The test runner removes the contain-intrinsic-size and content-visibility
     // properties, so we can only test that the elements are still rendering.
-    const childItem = getByLabelText(/Child/)
+    const childItem = getByText(/Child/)
     expect(childItem).toBeInTheDocument()
-    const parentItem = getByLabelText(/Parent/)
+    const parentItem = getByText(/Parent/)
     expect(parentItem).toBeInTheDocument()
   })
 
diff --git a/packages/react/src/TreeView/TreeView.tsx b/packages/react/src/TreeView/TreeView.tsx
index 4c0fd101249..18c753fdbd1 100644
--- a/packages/react/src/TreeView/TreeView.tsx
+++ b/packages/react/src/TreeView/TreeView.tsx
@@ -647,14 +647,16 @@ export type TreeViewSubTreeProps = {
    * Display a skeleton loading state with the specified count of items
    */
   count?: number
+  'aria-label'?: string
 }
 
-const SubTree: React.FC<TreeViewSubTreeProps> = ({count, state, children}) => {
+const SubTree: React.FC<TreeViewSubTreeProps> = ({count, state, children, 'aria-label': ariaLabel}) => {
   const {announceUpdate} = React.useContext(RootContext)
   const {itemId, isExpanded, isSubTreeEmpty, setIsSubTreeEmpty} = React.useContext(ItemContext)
   const loadingItemRef = React.useRef<HTMLElement>(null)
   const ref = React.useRef<HTMLElement>(null)
   const [loadingFocused, setLoadingFocused] = React.useState(false)
+  const [subTreeLabel, setSubTreeLabel] = React.useState('')
   const previousState = usePreviousValue(state)
   const {safeSetTimeout} = useSafeTimeout()
 
@@ -676,6 +678,8 @@ const SubTree: React.FC<TreeViewSubTreeProps> = ({count, state, children}) => {
   React.useEffect(() => {
     const parentElement = document.getElementById(itemId)
     if (!parentElement) return
+
+    setSubTreeLabel(getAccessibleName(parentElement))
     if (previousState === 'loading' && state === 'done') {
       // Announce update to screen readers
       const parentName = getAccessibleName(parentElement)
@@ -753,6 +757,7 @@ const SubTree: React.FC<TreeViewSubTreeProps> = ({count, state, children}) => {
       }}
       // @ts-ignore Box doesn't have type support for `ref` used in combination with `as`
       ref={ref}
+      aria-label={ariaLabel || subTreeLabel}
     >
       {state === 'loading' ? <LoadingItem ref={loadingItemRef} count={count} /> : children}
       {isSubTreeEmpty && state !== 'loading' ? <EmptyItem /> : null}