diff --git a/.pre-commit-config.yaml b/.pre-commit-config.yaml
index 48819fe3bf..6b20db830e 100644
--- a/.pre-commit-config.yaml
+++ b/.pre-commit-config.yaml
@@ -52,6 +52,27 @@ repos:
       - id: black
         args: [--safe, --quiet]
         exclude: *fixtures
+      - id: black
+        name: black-doc
+        args: [--safe, --quiet]
+        files: doc/data/messages/
+        exclude: |
+          (?x)^(
+            doc/data/messages/b/bad-indentation/bad.py|
+            doc/data/messages/i/inconsistent-quotes/bad.py|
+            doc/data/messages/i/invalid-format-index/bad.py|
+            doc/data/messages/l/line-too-long/bad.py|
+            doc/data/messages/m/missing-final-newline/bad.py|
+            doc/data/messages/m/multiple-statements/bad.py|
+            doc/data/messages/r/redundant-u-string-prefix/bad.py|
+            doc/data/messages/s/superfluous-parens/bad.py|
+            doc/data/messages/s/syntax-error/bad.py|
+            doc/data/messages/t/too-many-ancestors/bad.py|
+            doc/data/messages/t/trailing-comma-tuple/bad.py|
+            doc/data/messages/t/trailing-newlines/bad.py|
+            doc/data/messages/t/trailing-whitespace/bad.py|
+            doc/data/messages/u/unnecessary-semicolon/bad.py
+          )$
   - repo: https://github.com/Pierre-Sassoulas/black-disable-checker
     rev: v1.1.3
     hooks:
diff --git a/doc/data/messages/a/arguments-renamed/bad.py b/doc/data/messages/a/arguments-renamed/bad.py
index 87b45a0d5b..c9d7853209 100644
--- a/doc/data/messages/a/arguments-renamed/bad.py
+++ b/doc/data/messages/a/arguments-renamed/bad.py
@@ -2,12 +2,15 @@ class Fruit:
     def brew(self, ingredient_name: str):
         print(f"Brewing a {type(self)} with {ingredient_name}")
 
+
 class Apple(Fruit):
     ...
 
+
 class Orange(Fruit):
     def brew(self, flavor: str):  # [arguments-renamed]
         print(f"Brewing an orange with {flavor}")
 
+
 for fruit, ingredient_name in [[Orange(), "thyme"], [Apple(), "cinnamon"]]:
     fruit.brew(ingredient_name=ingredient_name)
diff --git a/doc/data/messages/a/arguments-renamed/good.py b/doc/data/messages/a/arguments-renamed/good.py
index 0cd1db7560..de6583806b 100644
--- a/doc/data/messages/a/arguments-renamed/good.py
+++ b/doc/data/messages/a/arguments-renamed/good.py
@@ -2,12 +2,15 @@ class Fruit:
     def brew(self, ingredient_name: str):
         print(f"Brewing a {type(self)} with {ingredient_name}")
 
+
 class Apple(Fruit):
     ...
 
+
 class Orange(Fruit):
     def brew(self, ingredient_name: str):
         print(f"Brewing an orange with {ingredient_name}")
 
+
 for fruit, ingredient_name in [[Orange(), "thyme"], [Apple(), "cinnamon"]]:
     fruit.brew(ingredient_name=ingredient_name)
diff --git a/doc/data/messages/a/assigning-non-slot/bad.py b/doc/data/messages/a/assigning-non-slot/bad.py
index a1a658ba29..506ad42cd0 100644
--- a/doc/data/messages/a/assigning-non-slot/bad.py
+++ b/doc/data/messages/a/assigning-non-slot/bad.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 class Student:
-    __slots__ = ('name',)
+    __slots__ = ("name",)
 
     def __init__(self, name, surname):
         self.name = name
diff --git a/doc/data/messages/a/assigning-non-slot/good.py b/doc/data/messages/a/assigning-non-slot/good.py
index feb5a10fa1..733728618c 100644
--- a/doc/data/messages/a/assigning-non-slot/good.py
+++ b/doc/data/messages/a/assigning-non-slot/good.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 class Student:
-    __slots__ = ('name', 'surname')
+    __slots__ = ("name", "surname")
 
     def __init__(self, name, surname):
         self.name = name
diff --git a/doc/data/messages/b/bad-chained-comparison/bad.py b/doc/data/messages/b/bad-chained-comparison/bad.py
index eeca75f13e..09e3ab627c 100644
--- a/doc/data/messages/b/bad-chained-comparison/bad.py
+++ b/doc/data/messages/b/bad-chained-comparison/bad.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
 def xor_check(*, left=None, right=None):
     if left is None != right is None:  # [bad-chained-comparison]
-        raise ValueError('Either both left= and right= need to be provided or none should.')
+        raise ValueError(
+            "Either both left= and right= need to be provided or none should."
+        )
diff --git a/doc/data/messages/b/bad-chained-comparison/good.py b/doc/data/messages/b/bad-chained-comparison/good.py
index 115f4a9db0..79bb641513 100644
--- a/doc/data/messages/b/bad-chained-comparison/good.py
+++ b/doc/data/messages/b/bad-chained-comparison/good.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
 def xor_check(*, left=None, right=None):
     if (left is None) != (right is None):
-        raise ValueError('Either both left= and right= need to be provided or none should.')
+        raise ValueError(
+            "Either both left= and right= need to be provided or none should."
+        )
diff --git a/doc/data/messages/b/bad-classmethod-argument/bad.py b/doc/data/messages/b/bad-classmethod-argument/bad.py
index 7e43001b59..b8c6d02a0d 100644
--- a/doc/data/messages/b/bad-classmethod-argument/bad.py
+++ b/doc/data/messages/b/bad-classmethod-argument/bad.py
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 class Klass:
-
     @classmethod
     def get_instance(self):  # [bad-classmethod-argument]
         return self()
diff --git a/doc/data/messages/b/bad-classmethod-argument/good.py b/doc/data/messages/b/bad-classmethod-argument/good.py
index 3d4decea36..6097f1e362 100644
--- a/doc/data/messages/b/bad-classmethod-argument/good.py
+++ b/doc/data/messages/b/bad-classmethod-argument/good.py
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 class Klass:
-
     @classmethod
     def get_instance(cls):
         return cls()
diff --git a/doc/data/messages/b/bad-docstring-quotes/bad.py b/doc/data/messages/b/bad-docstring-quotes/bad.py
index 561921db00..bd800a40cc 100644
--- a/doc/data/messages/b/bad-docstring-quotes/bad.py
+++ b/doc/data/messages/b/bad-docstring-quotes/bad.py
@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
 def foo():  # [bad-docstring-quotes]
-    'Docstring.'
+    "Docstring."
     return
diff --git a/doc/data/messages/b/bad-format-string/bad.py b/doc/data/messages/b/bad-format-string/bad.py
index 523b8fba8e..4cb811261d 100644
--- a/doc/data/messages/b/bad-format-string/bad.py
+++ b/doc/data/messages/b/bad-format-string/bad.py
@@ -1 +1 @@
-print('{a[0] + a[1]}'.format(a=[0, 1])) # [bad-format-string]
+print("{a[0] + a[1]}".format(a=[0, 1]))  # [bad-format-string]
diff --git a/doc/data/messages/b/bad-format-string/good.py b/doc/data/messages/b/bad-format-string/good.py
index f2d8919b09..10475fd67f 100644
--- a/doc/data/messages/b/bad-format-string/good.py
+++ b/doc/data/messages/b/bad-format-string/good.py
@@ -1 +1 @@
-print('{a[0]} + {a[1]}'.format(a=[0, 1]))
+print("{a[0]} + {a[1]}".format(a=[0, 1]))
diff --git a/doc/data/messages/b/bad-indentation/good.py b/doc/data/messages/b/bad-indentation/good.py
index 1a1f33c117..e7ba80a569 100644
--- a/doc/data/messages/b/bad-indentation/good.py
+++ b/doc/data/messages/b/bad-indentation/good.py
@@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
 if input():
-    print('yes')
+    print("yes")
diff --git a/doc/data/messages/b/bad-thread-instantiation/bad.py b/doc/data/messages/b/bad-thread-instantiation/bad.py
index 580786d853..20fa72f5a7 100644
--- a/doc/data/messages/b/bad-thread-instantiation/bad.py
+++ b/doc/data/messages/b/bad-thread-instantiation/bad.py
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 
 def thread_target(n):
-    print(n ** 2)
+    print(n**2)
 
 
 thread = threading.Thread(lambda: None)  # [bad-thread-instantiation]
diff --git a/doc/data/messages/b/bad-thread-instantiation/good.py b/doc/data/messages/b/bad-thread-instantiation/good.py
index 735fa4da13..0dce7c342c 100644
--- a/doc/data/messages/b/bad-thread-instantiation/good.py
+++ b/doc/data/messages/b/bad-thread-instantiation/good.py
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 
 def thread_target(n):
-    print(n ** 2)
+    print(n**2)
 
 
 thread = threading.Thread(target=thread_target, args=(10,))
diff --git a/doc/data/messages/c/cell-var-from-loop/bad.py b/doc/data/messages/c/cell-var-from-loop/bad.py
index 9dbd43880d..b319341894 100644
--- a/doc/data/messages/c/cell-var-from-loop/bad.py
+++ b/doc/data/messages/c/cell-var-from-loop/bad.py
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 def foo(numbers):
     for i in numbers:
+
         def bar():
             print(i)  # [cell-var-from-loop]
+
         bar()
diff --git a/doc/data/messages/c/class-variable-slots-conflict/good.py b/doc/data/messages/c/class-variable-slots-conflict/good.py
index b5324bff0f..2428f78662 100644
--- a/doc/data/messages/c/class-variable-slots-conflict/good.py
+++ b/doc/data/messages/c/class-variable-slots-conflict/good.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 class Person:
-    __slots__ = ("_age", "name",)
+    __slots__ = ("_age", "name")
 
     def __init__(self, age, name):
         self._age = age
diff --git a/doc/data/messages/c/compare-to-zero/bad.py b/doc/data/messages/c/compare-to-zero/bad.py
index a6b64a4079..c987403a40 100644
--- a/doc/data/messages/c/compare-to-zero/bad.py
+++ b/doc/data/messages/c/compare-to-zero/bad.py
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 x = 0
 y = 1
 
-if x == 0:   # [compare-to-zero]
+if x == 0:  # [compare-to-zero]
     print("x is equal to zero")
 
-if y != 0:   # [compare-to-zero]
+if y != 0:  # [compare-to-zero]
     print("y is not equal to zero")
diff --git a/doc/data/messages/c/comparison-with-callable/bad.py b/doc/data/messages/c/comparison-with-callable/bad.py
index 9dc5ecd921..1dbdad07c7 100644
--- a/doc/data/messages/c/comparison-with-callable/bad.py
+++ b/doc/data/messages/c/comparison-with-callable/bad.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 def function_returning_a_fruit() -> str:
     return "orange"
 
+
 def is_an_orange(fruit: str = "apple"):
     # apple == <function function_returning_a_fruit at 0x7f343ff0a1f0>
     return fruit == function_returning_a_fruit  # [comparison-with-callable]
diff --git a/doc/data/messages/c/comparison-with-callable/good.py b/doc/data/messages/c/comparison-with-callable/good.py
index 587cf1b98c..a490071284 100644
--- a/doc/data/messages/c/comparison-with-callable/good.py
+++ b/doc/data/messages/c/comparison-with-callable/good.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 def function_returning_a_fruit() -> str:
     return "orange"
 
+
 def is_an_orange(fruit: str = "apple"):
     # apple == orange
     return fruit == function_returning_a_fruit()
diff --git a/doc/data/messages/c/confusing-with-statement/bad.py b/doc/data/messages/c/confusing-with-statement/bad.py
index d842880580..e6570a5aa1 100644
--- a/doc/data/messages/c/confusing-with-statement/bad.py
+++ b/doc/data/messages/c/confusing-with-statement/bad.py
@@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
-with open('file.txt', 'w') as fh1, fh2:  # [confusing-with-statement]
+with open("file.txt", "w") as fh1, fh2:  # [confusing-with-statement]
     pass
diff --git a/doc/data/messages/c/confusing-with-statement/good.py b/doc/data/messages/c/confusing-with-statement/good.py
index e8b39d5001..bcedaafa6f 100644
--- a/doc/data/messages/c/confusing-with-statement/good.py
+++ b/doc/data/messages/c/confusing-with-statement/good.py
@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
-with open('file.txt', 'w', encoding="utf8") as fh1:
-    with open('file.txt', 'w', encoding="utf8") as fh2:
+with open("file.txt", "w", encoding="utf8") as fh1:
+    with open("file.txt", "w", encoding="utf8") as fh2:
         pass
diff --git a/doc/data/messages/c/consider-merging-isinstance/bad.py b/doc/data/messages/c/consider-merging-isinstance/bad.py
index dca0ecf05b..c7b059cb46 100644
--- a/doc/data/messages/c/consider-merging-isinstance/bad.py
+++ b/doc/data/messages/c/consider-merging-isinstance/bad.py
@@ -2,4 +2,5 @@
 
 
 def is_number(value: Any) -> bool:
-    return isinstance(value, int) or isinstance(value, float)  # [consider-merging-isinstance]
+    # +1: [consider-merging-isinstance]
+    return isinstance(value, int) or isinstance(value, float)
diff --git a/doc/data/messages/c/consider-using-any-or-all/good.py b/doc/data/messages/c/consider-using-any-or-all/good.py
index 5acf18e745..71a727e57d 100644
--- a/doc/data/messages/c/consider-using-any-or-all/good.py
+++ b/doc/data/messages/c/consider-using-any-or-all/good.py
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
-
 def any_even(items):
     """Return True if the list contains any even numbers"""
     return any(item % 2 == 0 for item in items)
 
+
 def all_even(items):
     """Return True if the list contains all even numbers"""
     return all(item % 2 == 0 for item in items)
diff --git a/doc/data/messages/c/consider-using-enumerate/bad.py b/doc/data/messages/c/consider-using-enumerate/bad.py
index 25d7cbf6b5..0beee2ecd5 100644
--- a/doc/data/messages/c/consider-using-enumerate/bad.py
+++ b/doc/data/messages/c/consider-using-enumerate/bad.py
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-seasons = ['Spring', 'Summer', 'Fall', 'Winter']
+seasons = ["Spring", "Summer", "Fall", "Winter"]
 
 for i in range(len(seasons)):  # [consider-using-enumerate]
     print(i, seasons[i])
diff --git a/doc/data/messages/c/consider-using-enumerate/good.py b/doc/data/messages/c/consider-using-enumerate/good.py
index c52c270664..b078e48cb3 100644
--- a/doc/data/messages/c/consider-using-enumerate/good.py
+++ b/doc/data/messages/c/consider-using-enumerate/good.py
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-seasons = ['Spring', 'Summer', 'Fall', 'Winter']
+seasons = ["Spring", "Summer", "Fall", "Winter"]
 
 for i, season in enumerate(seasons):
     print(i, season)
diff --git a/doc/data/messages/c/consider-using-f-string/good.py b/doc/data/messages/c/consider-using-f-string/good.py
index eec5abf0fe..f7913fa44d 100644
--- a/doc/data/messages/c/consider-using-f-string/good.py
+++ b/doc/data/messages/c/consider-using-f-string/good.py
@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
-menu = ('eggs', 'spam', 42.4)
+menu = ("eggs", "spam", 42.4)
 
 f_string_order = f"{menu[0]} and {menu[1]}: {menu[2]:0.2f} ¤"
diff --git a/doc/data/messages/c/consider-using-in/bad.py b/doc/data/messages/c/consider-using-in/bad.py
index 7199c1d825..81eddb7f36 100644
--- a/doc/data/messages/c/consider-using-in/bad.py
+++ b/doc/data/messages/c/consider-using-in/bad.py
@@ -1,2 +1,3 @@
 def fruit_is_round(fruit):
-    return fruit == "apple" or fruit == "orange" or fruit == "melon"  # [consider-using-in]
+    # +1: [consider-using-in]
+    return fruit == "apple" or fruit == "orange" or fruit == "melon"
diff --git a/doc/data/messages/c/consider-using-join/bad.py b/doc/data/messages/c/consider-using-join/bad.py
index c77b6f767b..5d5a32fb78 100644
--- a/doc/data/messages/c/consider-using-join/bad.py
+++ b/doc/data/messages/c/consider-using-join/bad.py
@@ -4,4 +4,5 @@ def fruits_to_string(fruits):
         formatted_fruit += fruit  # [consider-using-join]
     return formatted_fruit
 
+
 print(fruits_to_string(["apple", "pear", "peach"]))
diff --git a/doc/data/messages/d/deprecated-method/bad.py b/doc/data/messages/d/deprecated-method/bad.py
index dd75a258a9..78870f3c39 100644
--- a/doc/data/messages/d/deprecated-method/bad.py
+++ b/doc/data/messages/d/deprecated-method/bad.py
@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
 import logging
 
-logging.warn("I'm coming, world !") # [deprecated-method]
+logging.warn("I'm coming, world !")  # [deprecated-method]
diff --git a/doc/data/messages/d/dict-init-mutate/bad.py b/doc/data/messages/d/dict-init-mutate/bad.py
index d6d1cfe189..d7db9c5286 100644
--- a/doc/data/messages/d/dict-init-mutate/bad.py
+++ b/doc/data/messages/d/dict-init-mutate/bad.py
@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
 fruit_prices = {}  # [dict-init-mutate]
-fruit_prices['apple'] = 1
-fruit_prices['banana'] = 10
+fruit_prices["apple"] = 1
+fruit_prices["banana"] = 10
diff --git a/doc/data/messages/d/dict-iter-missing-items/bad.py b/doc/data/messages/d/dict-iter-missing-items/bad.py
index ec9dbd9244..52efa3ad79 100644
--- a/doc/data/messages/d/dict-iter-missing-items/bad.py
+++ b/doc/data/messages/d/dict-iter-missing-items/bad.py
@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
-data = {'Paris': 2_165_423, 'New York City': 8_804_190, 'Tokyo': 13_988_129}
+data = {"Paris": 2_165_423, "New York City": 8_804_190, "Tokyo": 13_988_129}
 for city, population in data:  # [dict-iter-missing-items]
     print(f"{city} has population {population}.")
diff --git a/doc/data/messages/d/dict-iter-missing-items/good.py b/doc/data/messages/d/dict-iter-missing-items/good.py
index b94f125a33..3eb97f9e21 100644
--- a/doc/data/messages/d/dict-iter-missing-items/good.py
+++ b/doc/data/messages/d/dict-iter-missing-items/good.py
@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
-data = {'Paris': 2_165_423, 'New York City': 8_804_190, 'Tokyo': 13_988_129}
+data = {"Paris": 2_165_423, "New York City": 8_804_190, "Tokyo": 13_988_129}
 for city, population in data.items():
     print(f"{city} has population {population}.")
diff --git a/doc/data/messages/d/duplicate-code/bad/orange.py b/doc/data/messages/d/duplicate-code/bad/orange.py
index faafce747f..9be3c7b404 100644
--- a/doc/data/messages/d/duplicate-code/bad/orange.py
+++ b/doc/data/messages/d/duplicate-code/bad/orange.py
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-class Orange: # [duplicate-code]
+class Orange:  # [duplicate-code]
     def __init__(self):
         self.remaining_bites = 3
 
diff --git a/doc/data/messages/d/duplicate-value/bad.py b/doc/data/messages/d/duplicate-value/bad.py
index bf6f8ad005..975eebdaea 100644
--- a/doc/data/messages/d/duplicate-value/bad.py
+++ b/doc/data/messages/d/duplicate-value/bad.py
@@ -1 +1 @@
-incorrect_set = {'value1', 23, 5, 'value1'} # [duplicate-value]
+incorrect_set = {"value1", 23, 5, "value1"}  # [duplicate-value]
diff --git a/doc/data/messages/d/duplicate-value/good.py b/doc/data/messages/d/duplicate-value/good.py
index c30cd78213..beeeb39b9b 100644
--- a/doc/data/messages/d/duplicate-value/good.py
+++ b/doc/data/messages/d/duplicate-value/good.py
@@ -1 +1 @@
-correct_set = {'value1', 23, 5}
+correct_set = {"value1", 23, 5}
diff --git a/doc/data/messages/e/exec-used/good.py b/doc/data/messages/e/exec-used/good.py
index ef9b17f3f3..f3e1dd7b7f 100644
--- a/doc/data/messages/e/exec-used/good.py
+++ b/doc/data/messages/e/exec-used/good.py
@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
 def get_user_code(name):
-    return input(f'Enter code to be executed please, {name}: ')
+    return input(f"Enter code to be executed please, {name}: ")
 
 
 username = "Ada"
-allowed_globals = {'__builtins__' : None}
-allowed_locals = {'print': print}
-exec(get_user_code(username), allowed_globals, allowed_locals)  # pylint: disable=exec-used
+allowed_globals = {"__builtins__": None}
+allowed_locals = {"print": print}
+# pylint: disable-next=exec-used
+exec(get_user_code(username), allowed_globals, allowed_locals)
diff --git a/doc/data/messages/f/forgotten-debug-statement/bad.py b/doc/data/messages/f/forgotten-debug-statement/bad.py
index 6a2a34580a..e37185371b 100644
--- a/doc/data/messages/f/forgotten-debug-statement/bad.py
+++ b/doc/data/messages/f/forgotten-debug-statement/bad.py
@@ -3,10 +3,15 @@
 
 def find_the_treasure(clues):
     for clue in clues:
-        pdb.set_trace() # [forgotten-debug-statement]
+        pdb.set_trace()  # [forgotten-debug-statement]
         if "treasure" in clue:
             return True
     return False
 
-treasure_hunt = ["Dead Man's Chest", "X marks the spot", "The treasure is buried near the palm tree"]
+
+treasure_hunt = [
+    "Dead Man's Chest",
+    "X marks the spot",
+    "The treasure is buried near the palm tree",
+]
 find_the_treasure(treasure_hunt)
diff --git a/doc/data/messages/f/forgotten-debug-statement/good.py b/doc/data/messages/f/forgotten-debug-statement/good.py
index 21132cb472..7896ff50eb 100644
--- a/doc/data/messages/f/forgotten-debug-statement/good.py
+++ b/doc/data/messages/f/forgotten-debug-statement/good.py
@@ -4,5 +4,10 @@ def find_the_treasure(clues):
             return True
     return False
 
-treasure_hunt = ["Dead Man's Chest", "X marks the spot", "The treasure is buried near the palm tree"]
+
+treasure_hunt = [
+    "Dead Man's Chest",
+    "X marks the spot",
+    "The treasure is buried near the palm tree",
+]
 find_the_treasure(treasure_hunt)
diff --git a/doc/data/messages/f/format-combined-specification/bad.py b/doc/data/messages/f/format-combined-specification/bad.py
index 6a6a051f21..f530aa0d58 100644
--- a/doc/data/messages/f/format-combined-specification/bad.py
+++ b/doc/data/messages/f/format-combined-specification/bad.py
@@ -1 +1 @@
-print('{} {1}'.format('hello', 'world'))  # [format-combined-specification]
+print("{} {1}".format("hello", "world"))  # [format-combined-specification]
diff --git a/doc/data/messages/f/format-combined-specification/good.py b/doc/data/messages/f/format-combined-specification/good.py
index 542b775076..8aaab67f22 100644
--- a/doc/data/messages/f/format-combined-specification/good.py
+++ b/doc/data/messages/f/format-combined-specification/good.py
@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
-print('{0} {1}'.format('hello', 'world'))
+print("{0} {1}".format("hello", "world"))
 # or
-print('{} {}'.format('hello', 'world'))
+print("{} {}".format("hello", "world"))
diff --git a/doc/data/messages/i/import-outside-toplevel/bad.py b/doc/data/messages/i/import-outside-toplevel/bad.py
index 54db8840db..5262ba7709 100644
--- a/doc/data/messages/i/import-outside-toplevel/bad.py
+++ b/doc/data/messages/i/import-outside-toplevel/bad.py
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
 def print_python_version():
     import sys  # [import-outside-toplevel]
+
     print(sys.version_info)
diff --git a/doc/data/messages/i/import-private-name/bad.py b/doc/data/messages/i/import-private-name/bad.py
index 96a2a9fc99..e562e49289 100644
--- a/doc/data/messages/i/import-private-name/bad.py
+++ b/doc/data/messages/i/import-private-name/bad.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 attr_holder = _AttributeHolder()
 
+
 def add_sub_parser(sub_parsers: _SubParsersAction):
-    sub_parsers.add_parser('my_subparser')
+    sub_parsers.add_parser("my_subparser")
     # ...
diff --git a/doc/data/messages/i/import-private-name/good.py b/doc/data/messages/i/import-private-name/good.py
index 3a5599cfbf..810005feab 100644
--- a/doc/data/messages/i/import-private-name/good.py
+++ b/doc/data/messages/i/import-private-name/good.py
@@ -4,5 +4,5 @@
 
 
 def add_sub_parser(sub_parsers: _SubParsersAction):
-    sub_parsers.add_parser('my_subparser')
+    sub_parsers.add_parser("my_subparser")
     # ...
diff --git a/doc/data/messages/i/init-is-generator/bad.py b/doc/data/messages/i/init-is-generator/bad.py
index 37c204ab24..415b94c4dd 100644
--- a/doc/data/messages/i/init-is-generator/bad.py
+++ b/doc/data/messages/i/init-is-generator/bad.py
@@ -2,4 +2,5 @@ class Fruit:
     def __init__(self, worms):  # [init-is-generator]
         yield from worms
 
+
 apple = Fruit(["Fahad", "Anisha", "Tabatha"])
diff --git a/doc/data/messages/i/init-is-generator/good.py b/doc/data/messages/i/init-is-generator/good.py
index 483cd46c18..1f5bf0047d 100644
--- a/doc/data/messages/i/init-is-generator/good.py
+++ b/doc/data/messages/i/init-is-generator/good.py
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ def __init__(self, worms):
     def worms(self):
         yield from self.__worms
 
+
 apple = Fruit(["Fahad", "Anisha", "Tabatha"])
 for worm in apple.worms():
     pass
diff --git a/doc/data/messages/i/invalid-all-format/bad.py b/doc/data/messages/i/invalid-all-format/bad.py
index 9559869a99..c891377344 100644
--- a/doc/data/messages/i/invalid-all-format/bad.py
+++ b/doc/data/messages/i/invalid-all-format/bad.py
@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
-__all__ = ("CONST")  # [invalid-all-format]
+__all__ = "CONST"  # [invalid-all-format]
 
 CONST = 42
diff --git a/doc/data/messages/i/invalid-all-object/bad.py b/doc/data/messages/i/invalid-all-object/bad.py
index 74cf738dce..04509727b8 100644
--- a/doc/data/messages/i/invalid-all-object/bad.py
+++ b/doc/data/messages/i/invalid-all-object/bad.py
@@ -4,8 +4,10 @@
     Worm,
 )
 
+
 class Fruit:
     pass
 
+
 class Worm:
     pass
diff --git a/doc/data/messages/i/invalid-all-object/good.py b/doc/data/messages/i/invalid-all-object/good.py
index db5879cf39..351cfa1c64 100644
--- a/doc/data/messages/i/invalid-all-object/good.py
+++ b/doc/data/messages/i/invalid-all-object/good.py
@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
-__all__ = ['Fruit', 'Worm']
+__all__ = ["Fruit", "Worm"]
+
 
 class Fruit:
     pass
 
+
 class Worm:
     pass
diff --git a/doc/data/messages/i/invalid-character-backspace/bad.py b/doc/data/messages/i/invalid-character-backspace/bad.py
index a41d6b2bc5..ac9ed67a36 100644
--- a/doc/data/messages/i/invalid-character-backspace/bad.py
+++ b/doc/data/messages/i/invalid-character-backspace/bad.py
@@ -1 +1 @@
-STRING = "Invalid character backspace " # [invalid-character-backspace]
+STRING = "Invalid character backspace "  # [invalid-character-backspace]
diff --git a/doc/data/messages/i/invalid-character-esc/bad.py b/doc/data/messages/i/invalid-character-esc/bad.py
index 24c6a79ea1..0d50cab427 100644
--- a/doc/data/messages/i/invalid-character-esc/bad.py
+++ b/doc/data/messages/i/invalid-character-esc/bad.py
@@ -1 +1 @@
-STRING = "Invalid escape character " # [invalid-character-esc]
+STRING = "Invalid escape character "  # [invalid-character-esc]
diff --git a/doc/data/messages/i/invalid-character-sub/bad.py b/doc/data/messages/i/invalid-character-sub/bad.py
index 96f8c06fe3..313066d3b8 100644
--- a/doc/data/messages/i/invalid-character-sub/bad.py
+++ b/doc/data/messages/i/invalid-character-sub/bad.py
@@ -1 +1 @@
-STRING = "Invalid character sub " # [invalid-character-sub]
+STRING = "Invalid character sub "  # [invalid-character-sub]
diff --git a/doc/data/messages/i/invalid-character-zero-width-space/bad.py b/doc/data/messages/i/invalid-character-zero-width-space/bad.py
index 1854893b49..99160fc8f8 100644
--- a/doc/data/messages/i/invalid-character-zero-width-space/bad.py
+++ b/doc/data/messages/i/invalid-character-zero-width-space/bad.py
@@ -1 +1 @@
-STRING = "Invalid character zero-width-space ​" # [invalid-character-zero-width-space]
+STRING = "Invalid character zero-width-space ​"  # [invalid-character-zero-width-space]
diff --git a/doc/data/messages/i/invalid-envvar-default/bad.py b/doc/data/messages/i/invalid-envvar-default/bad.py
index 8d66765ee7..9b564b9c8c 100644
--- a/doc/data/messages/i/invalid-envvar-default/bad.py
+++ b/doc/data/messages/i/invalid-envvar-default/bad.py
@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
 import os
 
-env = os.getenv('SECRET_KEY', 1)  # [invalid-envvar-default]
+env = os.getenv("SECRET_KEY", 1)  # [invalid-envvar-default]
diff --git a/doc/data/messages/i/invalid-envvar-default/good.py b/doc/data/messages/i/invalid-envvar-default/good.py
index 67656d04a2..103925941e 100644
--- a/doc/data/messages/i/invalid-envvar-default/good.py
+++ b/doc/data/messages/i/invalid-envvar-default/good.py
@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
 import os
 
-env = os.getenv('SECRET_KEY', '1')
+env = os.getenv("SECRET_KEY", "1")
diff --git a/doc/data/messages/i/invalid-envvar-value/good.py b/doc/data/messages/i/invalid-envvar-value/good.py
index 0b510db39f..fd082ecfd8 100644
--- a/doc/data/messages/i/invalid-envvar-value/good.py
+++ b/doc/data/messages/i/invalid-envvar-value/good.py
@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
 import os
 
-os.getenv('1')
+os.getenv("1")
diff --git a/doc/data/messages/i/invalid-format-index/good.py b/doc/data/messages/i/invalid-format-index/good.py
index 37129745b0..69557980bc 100644
--- a/doc/data/messages/i/invalid-format-index/good.py
+++ b/doc/data/messages/i/invalid-format-index/good.py
@@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
 enough_fruits = ["apple", "banana"]
-print('The second fruit is a {fruits[1]}'.format(fruits=enough_fruits))
+print("The second fruit is a {fruits[1]}".format(fruits=enough_fruits))
diff --git a/doc/data/messages/i/invalid-length-returned/bad.py b/doc/data/messages/i/invalid-length-returned/bad.py
index 0dcac176c6..2ae1396c38 100644
--- a/doc/data/messages/i/invalid-length-returned/bad.py
+++ b/doc/data/messages/i/invalid-length-returned/bad.py
@@ -3,4 +3,4 @@ def __init__(self, fruits):
         self.fruits = ["Apple", "Banana", "Orange"]
 
     def __len__(self):  # [invalid-length-returned]
-        return - len(self.fruits)
+        return -len(self.fruits)
diff --git a/doc/data/messages/i/invalid-metaclass/good.py b/doc/data/messages/i/invalid-metaclass/good.py
index e8b90fc01c..07c907f10c 100644
--- a/doc/data/messages/i/invalid-metaclass/good.py
+++ b/doc/data/messages/i/invalid-metaclass/good.py
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 class Plant:
     pass
 
+
 class Apple(Plant):
     pass
diff --git a/doc/data/messages/i/invalid-name/bad.py b/doc/data/messages/i/invalid-name/bad.py
index fac9b49472..b40ee47469 100644
--- a/doc/data/messages/i/invalid-name/bad.py
+++ b/doc/data/messages/i/invalid-name/bad.py
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 class cat:  # [invalid-name]
-
     def Meow(self, NUMBER_OF_MEOW):  # [invalid-name, invalid-name]
         print("Meow" * NUMBER_OF_MEOW)
         return NUMBER_OF_MEOW
diff --git a/doc/data/messages/i/invalid-name/good.py b/doc/data/messages/i/invalid-name/good.py
index 3decdb3e4a..d747a72f0f 100644
--- a/doc/data/messages/i/invalid-name/good.py
+++ b/doc/data/messages/i/invalid-name/good.py
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 class Cat:
-
     def meow(self, number_of_meow):
         print("Meow" * number_of_meow)
         return number_of_meow
diff --git a/doc/data/messages/i/invalid-overridden-method/bad.py b/doc/data/messages/i/invalid-overridden-method/bad.py
index 379f7c0a1b..c7e250fb59 100644
--- a/doc/data/messages/i/invalid-overridden-method/bad.py
+++ b/doc/data/messages/i/invalid-overridden-method/bad.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ class Fruit:
     async def bore(self, insect):
         insect.eat(self)
 
+
 class Apple(Fruit):
     def bore(self, insect):  # [invalid-overridden-method]
         insect.eat(self)
diff --git a/doc/data/messages/i/invalid-overridden-method/good.py b/doc/data/messages/i/invalid-overridden-method/good.py
index f5b56308f8..3206637787 100644
--- a/doc/data/messages/i/invalid-overridden-method/good.py
+++ b/doc/data/messages/i/invalid-overridden-method/good.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ class Fruit:
     async def bore(self, insect):
         insect.eat(self)
 
+
 class Apple(Fruit):
     async def bore(self, insect):
         insect.eat(self)
diff --git a/doc/data/messages/i/invalid-sequence-index/bad.py b/doc/data/messages/i/invalid-sequence-index/bad.py
index f153503b95..c13a3742a4 100644
--- a/doc/data/messages/i/invalid-sequence-index/bad.py
+++ b/doc/data/messages/i/invalid-sequence-index/bad.py
@@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
-fruits = ['apple', 'banana', 'orange']
-print(fruits['apple'])  # [invalid-sequence-index]
+fruits = ["apple", "banana", "orange"]
+print(fruits["apple"])  # [invalid-sequence-index]
diff --git a/doc/data/messages/i/invalid-sequence-index/good.py b/doc/data/messages/i/invalid-sequence-index/good.py
index 04bdf3ffd1..840f3c3f33 100644
--- a/doc/data/messages/i/invalid-sequence-index/good.py
+++ b/doc/data/messages/i/invalid-sequence-index/good.py
@@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
-fruits = ['apple', 'banana', 'orange']
+fruits = ["apple", "banana", "orange"]
 print(fruits[0])
diff --git a/doc/data/messages/i/invalid-slots-object/bad.py b/doc/data/messages/i/invalid-slots-object/bad.py
index 41baaa54f4..03690cf36b 100644
--- a/doc/data/messages/i/invalid-slots-object/bad.py
+++ b/doc/data/messages/i/invalid-slots-object/bad.py
@@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
 class Person:
-    __slots__ = ('name', 3)  # [invalid-slots-object]
+    __slots__ = ("name", 3)  # [invalid-slots-object]
diff --git a/doc/data/messages/i/invalid-slots-object/good.py b/doc/data/messages/i/invalid-slots-object/good.py
index e8eec69491..823a971f1d 100644
--- a/doc/data/messages/i/invalid-slots-object/good.py
+++ b/doc/data/messages/i/invalid-slots-object/good.py
@@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
 class Person:
-    __slots__ = ('name', 'surname')
+    __slots__ = ("name", "surname")
diff --git a/doc/data/messages/i/invalid-slots/good.py b/doc/data/messages/i/invalid-slots/good.py
index 0cb4d1b1e3..b7881356c9 100644
--- a/doc/data/messages/i/invalid-slots/good.py
+++ b/doc/data/messages/i/invalid-slots/good.py
@@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
 class Person:
-    __slots__ = ("name", "age",)
+    __slots__ = ("name", "age")
diff --git a/doc/data/messages/i/invalid-star-assignment-target/bad.py b/doc/data/messages/i/invalid-star-assignment-target/bad.py
index fc69dc7e62..476928560d 100644
--- a/doc/data/messages/i/invalid-star-assignment-target/bad.py
+++ b/doc/data/messages/i/invalid-star-assignment-target/bad.py
@@ -1 +1 @@
-*fruit = ['apple', 'banana', 'orange']  # [invalid-star-assignment-target]
+*fruit = ["apple", "banana", "orange"]  # [invalid-star-assignment-target]
diff --git a/doc/data/messages/i/invalid-star-assignment-target/good.py b/doc/data/messages/i/invalid-star-assignment-target/good.py
index 74cf088e27..b174bcd208 100644
--- a/doc/data/messages/i/invalid-star-assignment-target/good.py
+++ b/doc/data/messages/i/invalid-star-assignment-target/good.py
@@ -1 +1 @@
-fruit = ['apple', 'banana', 'orange']
+fruit = ["apple", "banana", "orange"]
diff --git a/doc/data/messages/i/invalid-unary-operand-type/bad.py b/doc/data/messages/i/invalid-unary-operand-type/bad.py
index 77391c3d9e..b011951941 100644
--- a/doc/data/messages/i/invalid-unary-operand-type/bad.py
+++ b/doc/data/messages/i/invalid-unary-operand-type/bad.py
@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
 cherries = 10
 eaten_cherries = int
-cherries = - eaten_cherries  # [invalid-unary-operand-type]
+cherries = -eaten_cherries  # [invalid-unary-operand-type]
diff --git a/doc/data/messages/l/locally-disabled/bad.py b/doc/data/messages/l/locally-disabled/bad.py
index 5bfbd58f88..1a33078567 100644
--- a/doc/data/messages/l/locally-disabled/bad.py
+++ b/doc/data/messages/l/locally-disabled/bad.py
@@ -3,5 +3,6 @@ def wizard_spells(spell_book):
     for spell in spell_book:
         print(f"Abracadabra! {spell}.")
 
+
 spell_list = ["Levitation", "Invisibility", "Fireball", "Teleportation"]
 wizard_spells(spell_list)
diff --git a/doc/data/messages/l/locally-disabled/good.py b/doc/data/messages/l/locally-disabled/good.py
index 322a78f27e..1bf60bca03 100644
--- a/doc/data/messages/l/locally-disabled/good.py
+++ b/doc/data/messages/l/locally-disabled/good.py
@@ -2,5 +2,6 @@ def wizard_spells(spell_book):
     for spell in spell_book:
         print(f"Abracadabra! {spell}.")
 
+
 spell_list = ["Levitation", "Invisibility", "Fireball", "Teleportation"]
 wizard_spells(spell_list)
diff --git a/doc/data/messages/l/logging-format-interpolation/bad.py b/doc/data/messages/l/logging-format-interpolation/bad.py
index 0cef831d20..dd828e1f91 100644
--- a/doc/data/messages/l/logging-format-interpolation/bad.py
+++ b/doc/data/messages/l/logging-format-interpolation/bad.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import logging
 import sys
 
-logging.error('Python version: {}'.format(sys.version))  # [logging-format-interpolation]
+# +1: [logging-format-interpolation]
+logging.error("Python version: {}".format(sys.version))
diff --git a/doc/data/messages/l/logging-format-interpolation/good.py b/doc/data/messages/l/logging-format-interpolation/good.py
index 7f54cebfb3..a993d0dd81 100644
--- a/doc/data/messages/l/logging-format-interpolation/good.py
+++ b/doc/data/messages/l/logging-format-interpolation/good.py
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 import logging
 import sys
 
-logging.error('Python version: %s', sys.version)
+logging.error("Python version: %s", sys.version)
diff --git a/doc/data/messages/l/logging-fstring-interpolation/bad.py b/doc/data/messages/l/logging-fstring-interpolation/bad.py
index dfee6d4c6c..773435fb41 100644
--- a/doc/data/messages/l/logging-fstring-interpolation/bad.py
+++ b/doc/data/messages/l/logging-fstring-interpolation/bad.py
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 import logging
 import sys
 
-logging.error(f'Python version: {sys.version}')  # [logging-fstring-interpolation]
+logging.error(f"Python version: {sys.version}")  # [logging-fstring-interpolation]
diff --git a/doc/data/messages/l/logging-fstring-interpolation/good.py b/doc/data/messages/l/logging-fstring-interpolation/good.py
index 7f54cebfb3..a993d0dd81 100644
--- a/doc/data/messages/l/logging-fstring-interpolation/good.py
+++ b/doc/data/messages/l/logging-fstring-interpolation/good.py
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 import logging
 import sys
 
-logging.error('Python version: %s', sys.version)
+logging.error("Python version: %s", sys.version)
diff --git a/doc/data/messages/l/logging-not-lazy/bad.py b/doc/data/messages/l/logging-not-lazy/bad.py
index cb6bc3d840..7ba0631db9 100644
--- a/doc/data/messages/l/logging-not-lazy/bad.py
+++ b/doc/data/messages/l/logging-not-lazy/bad.py
@@ -3,5 +3,5 @@
 try:
     function()
 except Exception as e:
-    logging.error('Error occurred: %s' % e)  # [logging-not-lazy]
+    logging.error("Error occurred: %s" % e)  # [logging-not-lazy]
     raise
diff --git a/doc/data/messages/l/logging-not-lazy/good.py b/doc/data/messages/l/logging-not-lazy/good.py
index c61704872f..ede0050cbc 100644
--- a/doc/data/messages/l/logging-not-lazy/good.py
+++ b/doc/data/messages/l/logging-not-lazy/good.py
@@ -3,5 +3,5 @@
 try:
     function()
 except Exception as e:
-    logging.error('Error occurred: %s', e)
+    logging.error("Error occurred: %s", e)
     raise
diff --git a/doc/data/messages/l/logging-too-few-args/bad.py b/doc/data/messages/l/logging-too-few-args/bad.py
index 66d88d0b35..a20b83b12b 100644
--- a/doc/data/messages/l/logging-too-few-args/bad.py
+++ b/doc/data/messages/l/logging-too-few-args/bad.py
@@ -3,5 +3,5 @@
 try:
     function()
 except Exception as e:
-    logging.error('%s error occurred: %s', e)  # [logging-too-few-args]
+    logging.error("%s error occurred: %s", e)  # [logging-too-few-args]
     raise
diff --git a/doc/data/messages/l/logging-too-few-args/good.py b/doc/data/messages/l/logging-too-few-args/good.py
index 4b34b58b9e..4812aec01a 100644
--- a/doc/data/messages/l/logging-too-few-args/good.py
+++ b/doc/data/messages/l/logging-too-few-args/good.py
@@ -3,5 +3,5 @@
 try:
     function()
 except Exception as e:
-    logging.error('%s error occurred: %s', type(e), e)
+    logging.error("%s error occurred: %s", type(e), e)
     raise
diff --git a/doc/data/messages/l/logging-too-many-args/bad.py b/doc/data/messages/l/logging-too-many-args/bad.py
index 45f485d935..03753f607e 100644
--- a/doc/data/messages/l/logging-too-many-args/bad.py
+++ b/doc/data/messages/l/logging-too-many-args/bad.py
@@ -3,5 +3,5 @@
 try:
     function()
 except Exception as e:
-    logging.error('Error occurred: %s', type(e), e)  # [logging-too-many-args]
+    logging.error("Error occurred: %s", type(e), e)  # [logging-too-many-args]
     raise
diff --git a/doc/data/messages/l/logging-too-many-args/good.py b/doc/data/messages/l/logging-too-many-args/good.py
index 4b34b58b9e..4812aec01a 100644
--- a/doc/data/messages/l/logging-too-many-args/good.py
+++ b/doc/data/messages/l/logging-too-many-args/good.py
@@ -3,5 +3,5 @@
 try:
     function()
 except Exception as e:
-    logging.error('%s error occurred: %s', type(e), e)
+    logging.error("%s error occurred: %s", type(e), e)
     raise
diff --git a/doc/data/messages/l/logging-unsupported-format/bad.py b/doc/data/messages/l/logging-unsupported-format/bad.py
index 5b5ea5a5f7..1f36a0d342 100644
--- a/doc/data/messages/l/logging-unsupported-format/bad.py
+++ b/doc/data/messages/l/logging-unsupported-format/bad.py
@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
 import logging
 
-logging.info("%s %y !", "Hello", "World") # [logging-unsupported-format]
+logging.info("%s %y !", "Hello", "World")  # [logging-unsupported-format]
diff --git a/doc/data/messages/m/magic-value-comparison/bad.py b/doc/data/messages/m/magic-value-comparison/bad.py
index 536659abe7..eef9e5d27b 100644
--- a/doc/data/messages/m/magic-value-comparison/bad.py
+++ b/doc/data/messages/m/magic-value-comparison/bad.py
@@ -3,8 +3,8 @@
 measurement = random.randint(0, 200)
 above_threshold = False
 i = 0
-while i < 5:   # [magic-value-comparison]
-    above_threshold = measurement > 100   # [magic-value-comparison]
+while i < 5:  # [magic-value-comparison]
+    above_threshold = measurement > 100  # [magic-value-comparison]
     if above_threshold:
         break
     measurement = random.randint(0, 200)
diff --git a/doc/data/messages/m/misplaced-format-function/bad.py b/doc/data/messages/m/misplaced-format-function/bad.py
index 0bd1723696..bc40bba4d3 100644
--- a/doc/data/messages/m/misplaced-format-function/bad.py
+++ b/doc/data/messages/m/misplaced-format-function/bad.py
@@ -1 +1 @@
-print('Value: {}').format('Car')  # [misplaced-format-function]
+print("Value: {}").format("Car")  # [misplaced-format-function]
diff --git a/doc/data/messages/m/misplaced-format-function/good.py b/doc/data/messages/m/misplaced-format-function/good.py
index 809dcf9744..8b31d5cf56 100644
--- a/doc/data/messages/m/misplaced-format-function/good.py
+++ b/doc/data/messages/m/misplaced-format-function/good.py
@@ -1 +1 @@
-print('Value: {}'.format('Car'))
+print("Value: {}".format("Car"))
diff --git a/doc/data/messages/m/missing-any-param-doc/bad.py b/doc/data/messages/m/missing-any-param-doc/bad.py
index ca92793f5c..bf5f232ce3 100644
--- a/doc/data/messages/m/missing-any-param-doc/bad.py
+++ b/doc/data/messages/m/missing-any-param-doc/bad.py
@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
-def puppies(head, tail): #[missing-any-param-doc]
+def puppies(head, tail):  # [missing-any-param-doc]
     """Print puppy's details."""
     print(head, tail)
diff --git a/doc/data/messages/m/missing-any-param-doc/good.py b/doc/data/messages/m/missing-any-param-doc/good.py
index 238ea1bce5..6fa9622eee 100644
--- a/doc/data/messages/m/missing-any-param-doc/good.py
+++ b/doc/data/messages/m/missing-any-param-doc/good.py
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 def puppies(head: str, tail: str):
     """Print puppy's details.
 
-        :param head: description of the head of the dog
-        :param tail: description of the tail of the dog
+    :param head: description of the head of the dog
+    :param tail: description of the tail of the dog
     """
     print(head, tail)
diff --git a/doc/data/messages/m/missing-class-docstring/bad.py b/doc/data/messages/m/missing-class-docstring/bad.py
index 1d0f79c751..e3e1ddbf56 100644
--- a/doc/data/messages/m/missing-class-docstring/bad.py
+++ b/doc/data/messages/m/missing-class-docstring/bad.py
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 class Person:  # [missing-class-docstring]
-
     def __init__(self, first_name, last_name):
         self.first_name = first_name
         self.last_name = last_name
diff --git a/doc/data/messages/m/missing-final-newline/good.py b/doc/data/messages/m/missing-final-newline/good.py
index fa1e5072e8..02d068916e 100644
--- a/doc/data/messages/m/missing-final-newline/good.py
+++ b/doc/data/messages/m/missing-final-newline/good.py
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # using LF
 
-eat("apple", "candy") #  \n
+eat("apple", "candy")  #  \n
 print(123)  # \nEOF
 
 # using CRLF
diff --git a/doc/data/messages/m/missing-kwoa/bad.py b/doc/data/messages/m/missing-kwoa/bad.py
index 4039c8ff28..2b8deabdfa 100644
--- a/doc/data/messages/m/missing-kwoa/bad.py
+++ b/doc/data/messages/m/missing-kwoa/bad.py
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 def target(pos, *, keyword):
     return pos + keyword
 
+
 def not_forwarding_kwargs(*args, **kwargs):
-    target(*args) # [missing-kwoa]
+    target(*args)  # [missing-kwoa]
diff --git a/doc/data/messages/m/missing-kwoa/good.py b/doc/data/messages/m/missing-kwoa/good.py
index abb80a1185..c212deb987 100644
--- a/doc/data/messages/m/missing-kwoa/good.py
+++ b/doc/data/messages/m/missing-kwoa/good.py
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 def target(pos, *, keyword):
     return pos + keyword
 
+
 def not_forwarding_kwargs(*args, **kwargs):
     target(*args, **kwargs)
diff --git a/doc/data/messages/m/missing-parentheses-for-call-in-test/bad.py b/doc/data/messages/m/missing-parentheses-for-call-in-test/bad.py
index 3f67322dc2..e4a7172a4e 100644
--- a/doc/data/messages/m/missing-parentheses-for-call-in-test/bad.py
+++ b/doc/data/messages/m/missing-parentheses-for-call-in-test/bad.py
@@ -4,5 +4,6 @@
 def is_it_a_good_day():
     return random.choice([True, False])
 
+
 if is_it_a_good_day:  # [missing-parentheses-for-call-in-test]
     print("Today is a good day!")
diff --git a/doc/data/messages/m/missing-parentheses-for-call-in-test/good.py b/doc/data/messages/m/missing-parentheses-for-call-in-test/good.py
index 63c8ccc893..80afd77696 100644
--- a/doc/data/messages/m/missing-parentheses-for-call-in-test/good.py
+++ b/doc/data/messages/m/missing-parentheses-for-call-in-test/good.py
@@ -4,5 +4,6 @@
 def is_it_a_good_day():
     return random.choice([True, False])
 
+
 if is_it_a_good_day():
     print("Today is a good day!")
diff --git a/doc/data/messages/m/missing-raises-doc/bad.py b/doc/data/messages/m/missing-raises-doc/bad.py
index 9a59fea88b..51efd39108 100644
--- a/doc/data/messages/m/missing-raises-doc/bad.py
+++ b/doc/data/messages/m/missing-raises-doc/bad.py
@@ -4,5 +4,5 @@ def integer_sum(a: int, b: int):  # [missing-raises-doc]
     :param b: second integer
     """
     if not (isinstance(a, int) and isinstance(b, int)):
-        raise ValueError('Function supports only integer parameters.')
+        raise ValueError("Function supports only integer parameters.")
     return a + b
diff --git a/doc/data/messages/m/missing-raises-doc/good.py b/doc/data/messages/m/missing-raises-doc/good.py
index c274493ea6..6ca44d0fdb 100644
--- a/doc/data/messages/m/missing-raises-doc/good.py
+++ b/doc/data/messages/m/missing-raises-doc/good.py
@@ -5,5 +5,5 @@ def integer_sum(a: int, b: int):
     :raises ValueError: One of the parameters is not an integer.
     """
     if not (isinstance(a, int) and isinstance(b, int)):
-        raise ValueError('Function supports only integer parameters.')
+        raise ValueError("Function supports only integer parameters.")
     return a + b
diff --git a/doc/data/messages/n/named-expr-without-context/good.py b/doc/data/messages/n/named-expr-without-context/good.py
index 50f6b26210..fb088bb992 100644
--- a/doc/data/messages/n/named-expr-without-context/good.py
+++ b/doc/data/messages/n/named-expr-without-context/good.py
@@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
-if (a := 42):
-    print('Success')
+if a := 42:
+    print("Success")
diff --git a/doc/data/messages/n/no-else-continue/bad.py b/doc/data/messages/n/no-else-continue/bad.py
index 5e3172947a..a561f93cc1 100644
--- a/doc/data/messages/n/no-else-continue/bad.py
+++ b/doc/data/messages/n/no-else-continue/bad.py
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 def even_number_under(n: int):
     for i in range(n):
-        if i%2 == 1:  # [no-else-continue]
+        if i % 2 == 1:  # [no-else-continue]
             continue
         else:
             yield i
diff --git a/doc/data/messages/n/no-else-continue/good.py b/doc/data/messages/n/no-else-continue/good.py
index 8aaef70140..e73e0e21cc 100644
--- a/doc/data/messages/n/no-else-continue/good.py
+++ b/doc/data/messages/n/no-else-continue/good.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 def even_number_under(n: int):
     for i in range(n):
-        if i%2 == 1:
+        if i % 2 == 1:
             continue
         yield i
diff --git a/doc/data/messages/n/no-else-raise/bad.py b/doc/data/messages/n/no-else-raise/bad.py
index d2f590ab80..c5fdf996e6 100644
--- a/doc/data/messages/n/no-else-raise/bad.py
+++ b/doc/data/messages/n/no-else-raise/bad.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 def integer_sum(a: int, b: int) -> int:
-    if not (isinstance(a, int) and isinstance(b, int)):    # [no-else-raise]
-        raise ValueError('Function supports only integer parameters.')
+    if not (isinstance(a, int) and isinstance(b, int)):  # [no-else-raise]
+        raise ValueError("Function supports only integer parameters.")
     else:
         return a + b
diff --git a/doc/data/messages/n/no-else-raise/good.py b/doc/data/messages/n/no-else-raise/good.py
index c0d577cfac..bf29181488 100644
--- a/doc/data/messages/n/no-else-raise/good.py
+++ b/doc/data/messages/n/no-else-raise/good.py
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 def integer_sum(a: int, b: int) -> int:
     if not (isinstance(a, int) and isinstance(b, int)):
-        raise ValueError('Function supports only integer parameters.')
+        raise ValueError("Function supports only integer parameters.")
     return a + b
diff --git a/doc/data/messages/n/no-self-use/bad.py b/doc/data/messages/n/no-self-use/bad.py
index 8c44a3c1e9..07ab6f3ab1 100644
--- a/doc/data/messages/n/no-self-use/bad.py
+++ b/doc/data/messages/n/no-self-use/bad.py
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 class Person:
-
     def developer_greeting(self):  # [no-self-use]
         print("Greetings developer!")
 
diff --git a/doc/data/messages/n/no-value-for-parameter/bad.py b/doc/data/messages/n/no-value-for-parameter/bad.py
index cf10d9a57c..31b08a16a4 100644
--- a/doc/data/messages/n/no-value-for-parameter/bad.py
+++ b/doc/data/messages/n/no-value-for-parameter/bad.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 def add(x, y):
     return x + y
 
+
 add(1)  # [no-value-for-parameter]
diff --git a/doc/data/messages/n/no-value-for-parameter/good.py b/doc/data/messages/n/no-value-for-parameter/good.py
index e14c45c21c..068b525279 100644
--- a/doc/data/messages/n/no-value-for-parameter/good.py
+++ b/doc/data/messages/n/no-value-for-parameter/good.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 def add(x, y):
     return x + y
 
+
 add(1, 2)
diff --git a/doc/data/messages/o/overlapping-except/good.py b/doc/data/messages/o/overlapping-except/good.py
index 41a727545c..0cace420e6 100644
--- a/doc/data/messages/o/overlapping-except/good.py
+++ b/doc/data/messages/o/overlapping-except/good.py
@@ -7,10 +7,14 @@ def divide_x_by_y(x: float, y: float):
         # FloatingPointError  were already caught at this point
         print(f"There was an OverflowError or a ZeroDivisionError: {e}")
 
+
 # Or:
 
+
 def divide_x_by_y(x: float, y: float):
     try:
         print(x / y)
     except ArithmeticError as e:
-        print(f"There was an OverflowError, a ZeroDivisionError or a FloatingPointError: {e}")
+        print(
+            f"There was an OverflowError, a ZeroDivisionError or a FloatingPointError: {e}"
+        )
diff --git a/doc/data/messages/p/positional-only-arguments-expected/bad.py b/doc/data/messages/p/positional-only-arguments-expected/bad.py
index 30720555aa..75e63e5727 100644
--- a/doc/data/messages/p/positional-only-arguments-expected/bad.py
+++ b/doc/data/messages/p/positional-only-arguments-expected/bad.py
@@ -2,4 +2,5 @@ def cube(n, /):
     """Takes in a number n, returns the cube of n"""
     return n**3
 
-cube(n=2) # [positional-only-arguments-expected]
+
+cube(n=2)  # [positional-only-arguments-expected]
diff --git a/doc/data/messages/p/positional-only-arguments-expected/good.py b/doc/data/messages/p/positional-only-arguments-expected/good.py
index ca734e546d..77cdc80a42 100644
--- a/doc/data/messages/p/positional-only-arguments-expected/good.py
+++ b/doc/data/messages/p/positional-only-arguments-expected/good.py
@@ -2,4 +2,5 @@ def cube(n, /):
     """Takes in a number n, returns the cube of n"""
     return n**3
 
+
 cube(2)
diff --git a/doc/data/messages/r/redefined-argument-from-local/bad.py b/doc/data/messages/r/redefined-argument-from-local/bad.py
index 24d441219d..733f307b3a 100644
--- a/doc/data/messages/r/redefined-argument-from-local/bad.py
+++ b/doc/data/messages/r/redefined-argument-from-local/bad.py
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
 def show(host_id=10.11):
-    for host_id, host in [[12.13, 'Venus'], [14.15, 'Mars']]:  # [redefined-argument-from-local]
+    # +1: [redefined-argument-from-local]
+    for host_id, host in [[12.13, "Venus"], [14.15, "Mars"]]:
         print(host_id, host)
diff --git a/doc/data/messages/r/redefined-argument-from-local/good.py b/doc/data/messages/r/redefined-argument-from-local/good.py
index 330f94f454..fd7c081ac1 100644
--- a/doc/data/messages/r/redefined-argument-from-local/good.py
+++ b/doc/data/messages/r/redefined-argument-from-local/good.py
@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
 def show(host_id=10.11):
-    for inner_host_id, host in [[12.13, 'Venus'], [14.15, 'Mars']]:
+    for inner_host_id, host in [[12.13, "Venus"], [14.15, "Mars"]]:
         print(host_id, inner_host_id, host)
diff --git a/doc/data/messages/r/return-in-init/bad.py b/doc/data/messages/r/return-in-init/bad.py
index 70fc2d0fde..044174e0af 100644
--- a/doc/data/messages/r/return-in-init/bad.py
+++ b/doc/data/messages/r/return-in-init/bad.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
 class Sum:
-
     def __init__(self, a, b):  # [return-in-init]
         return a + b
diff --git a/doc/data/messages/r/return-in-init/good.py b/doc/data/messages/r/return-in-init/good.py
index ef8e6e09b7..0efe05af4d 100644
--- a/doc/data/messages/r/return-in-init/good.py
+++ b/doc/data/messages/r/return-in-init/good.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
 class Sum:
-
     def __init__(self, a, b) -> None:
         self.result = a + b
diff --git a/doc/data/messages/s/self-cls-assignment/bad.py b/doc/data/messages/s/self-cls-assignment/bad.py
index 64541405fe..50fe890159 100644
--- a/doc/data/messages/s/self-cls-assignment/bad.py
+++ b/doc/data/messages/s/self-cls-assignment/bad.py
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 class Fruit:
     @classmethod
     def list_fruits(cls):
-        cls = 'apple'  # [self-cls-assignment]
+        cls = "apple"  # [self-cls-assignment]
 
     def print_color(self, *colors):
         self = "red"  # [self-cls-assignment]
diff --git a/doc/data/messages/s/self-cls-assignment/good.py b/doc/data/messages/s/self-cls-assignment/good.py
index ae8b172fa9..d1960f2516 100644
--- a/doc/data/messages/s/self-cls-assignment/good.py
+++ b/doc/data/messages/s/self-cls-assignment/good.py
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 class Fruit:
     @classmethod
     def list_fruits(cls):
-        fruit = 'apple'
+        fruit = "apple"
         print(fruit)
 
     def print_color(self, *colors):
diff --git a/doc/data/messages/s/simplifiable-if-statement/bad.py b/doc/data/messages/s/simplifiable-if-statement/bad.py
index 0c9fb317fe..1a8d6f0f78 100644
--- a/doc/data/messages/s/simplifiable-if-statement/bad.py
+++ b/doc/data/messages/s/simplifiable-if-statement/bad.py
@@ -2,7 +2,8 @@
 
 
 def is_flying_animal(an_object):
-    if isinstance(an_object, Animal) and an_object in FLYING_THINGS:  # [simplifiable-if-statement]
+    # +1: [simplifiable-if-statement]
+    if isinstance(an_object, Animal) and an_object in FLYING_THINGS:
         is_flying = True
     else:
         is_flying = False
diff --git a/doc/data/messages/s/subprocess-popen-preexec-fn/bad.py b/doc/data/messages/s/subprocess-popen-preexec-fn/bad.py
index c0d3f7bfab..6be75e4722 100644
--- a/doc/data/messages/s/subprocess-popen-preexec-fn/bad.py
+++ b/doc/data/messages/s/subprocess-popen-preexec-fn/bad.py
@@ -5,4 +5,4 @@ def foo():
     pass
 
 
-subprocess.Popen(preexec_fn=foo) # [subprocess-popen-preexec-fn]
+subprocess.Popen(preexec_fn=foo)  # [subprocess-popen-preexec-fn]
diff --git a/doc/data/messages/s/syntax-error/good.py b/doc/data/messages/s/syntax-error/good.py
index eccab87464..10a644f1b6 100644
--- a/doc/data/messages/s/syntax-error/good.py
+++ b/doc/data/messages/s/syntax-error/good.py
@@ -1,5 +1 @@
-fruit_stock = {
-    'apple': 42,
-    'orange': 21,
-    'banana': 12
-}
+fruit_stock = {"apple": 42, "orange": 21, "banana": 12}
diff --git a/doc/data/messages/t/too-few-public-methods/good.py b/doc/data/messages/t/too-few-public-methods/good.py
index ca4b5b6fb3..b0de1ef750 100644
--- a/doc/data/messages/t/too-few-public-methods/good.py
+++ b/doc/data/messages/t/too-few-public-methods/good.py
@@ -12,17 +12,22 @@ def bore(self):
     def wiggle(self):
         print(f"{self.name} wiggle around wormily.")
 
+
 # or
 
+
 @dataclasses.dataclass
 class Worm:
-    name:str
+    name: str
     fruit_of_residence: Fruit
 
+
 def bore(worm: Worm):
     print(f"{worm.name} is boring into {worm.fruit_of_residence}")
 
+
 # or
 
+
 def bore(fruit: Fruit, worm_name: str):
     print(f"{worm_name} is boring into {fruit}")
diff --git a/doc/data/messages/t/too-many-boolean-expressions/good.py b/doc/data/messages/t/too-many-boolean-expressions/good.py
index 1da0254600..8405d4f29a 100644
--- a/doc/data/messages/t/too-many-boolean-expressions/good.py
+++ b/doc/data/messages/t/too-many-boolean-expressions/good.py
@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
 def can_be_divided_by_two_and_are_not_zero(x, y, z):
-    if all(i and i%2==0 for i in [x, y, z]):
+    if all(i and i % 2 == 0 for i in [x, y, z]):
         pass
diff --git a/doc/data/messages/t/too-many-locals/bad.py b/doc/data/messages/t/too-many-locals/bad.py
index dae054ed8d..d2a762b498 100644
--- a/doc/data/messages/t/too-many-locals/bad.py
+++ b/doc/data/messages/t/too-many-locals/bad.py
@@ -20,7 +20,9 @@ def handle_sweets(infos):  # [too-many-locals]
     # Calculate remaining money
     remaining_money = money - cost_of_children
     # Calculate time it took
-    time_it_took_assuming_parallel_eating = time_to_eat_sweet * number_of_sweet_per_child
+    time_it_took_assuming_parallel_eating = (
+        time_to_eat_sweet * number_of_sweet_per_child
+    )
     print(
         f"{children} ate {cost_of_children}¤ of sweets in {time_it_took_assuming_parallel_eating}, "
         f"you still have {remaining_money}"
diff --git a/doc/data/messages/t/too-many-return-statements/bad.py b/doc/data/messages/t/too-many-return-statements/bad.py
index e421d29a7e..827177f1b2 100644
--- a/doc/data/messages/t/too-many-return-statements/bad.py
+++ b/doc/data/messages/t/too-many-return-statements/bad.py
@@ -1,16 +1,16 @@
 def to_string(x):  # [too-many-return-statements]
     # max of 6 by default, can be configured
     if x == 1:
-        return 'This is one.'
+        return "This is one."
     if x == 2:
-        return 'This is two.'
+        return "This is two."
     if x == 3:
-        return 'This is three.'
+        return "This is three."
     if x == 4:
-        return 'This is four.'
+        return "This is four."
     if x == 5:
-        return 'This is five.'
+        return "This is five."
     if x == 6:
-        return 'This is six.'
+        return "This is six."
     if x == 7:
-        return 'This is seven.'
+        return "This is seven."
diff --git a/doc/data/messages/t/too-many-return-statements/good.py b/doc/data/messages/t/too-many-return-statements/good.py
index 0c4032f53e..80ae2ac199 100644
--- a/doc/data/messages/t/too-many-return-statements/good.py
+++ b/doc/data/messages/t/too-many-return-statements/good.py
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
 NUMBERS_TO_STRINGS = {
-    1: 'one',
-    2: 'two',
-    3: 'three',
-    4: 'four',
-    5: 'five',
-    6: 'six',
-    7: 'seven'
+    1: "one",
+    2: "two",
+    3: "three",
+    4: "four",
+    5: "five",
+    6: "six",
+    7: "seven",
 }
 
 
 def to_string(x):
-    return f'This is {NUMBERS_TO_STRINGS.get(x)}.'
+    return f"This is {NUMBERS_TO_STRINGS.get(x)}."
diff --git a/doc/data/messages/t/truncated-format-string/bad.py b/doc/data/messages/t/truncated-format-string/bad.py
index 961582bff5..a44bca2f31 100644
--- a/doc/data/messages/t/truncated-format-string/bad.py
+++ b/doc/data/messages/t/truncated-format-string/bad.py
@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
 PARG_2 = 1
 
-print("strange format %2" % PARG_2) # [truncated-format-string]
+print("strange format %2" % PARG_2)  # [truncated-format-string]
diff --git a/doc/data/messages/u/undefined-all-variable/bad.py b/doc/data/messages/u/undefined-all-variable/bad.py
index dd7bef8cb8..3168018d52 100644
--- a/doc/data/messages/u/undefined-all-variable/bad.py
+++ b/doc/data/messages/u/undefined-all-variable/bad.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 __all__ = ["get_fruit_colour"]  # [undefined-all-variable]
 
+
 def get_fruit_color():
     pass
diff --git a/doc/data/messages/u/undefined-all-variable/good.py b/doc/data/messages/u/undefined-all-variable/good.py
index 3fb85e824c..950222b56f 100644
--- a/doc/data/messages/u/undefined-all-variable/good.py
+++ b/doc/data/messages/u/undefined-all-variable/good.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 __all__ = ["get_fruit_color"]
 
+
 def get_fruit_color():
     pass
diff --git a/doc/data/messages/u/unnecessary-direct-lambda-call/bad.py b/doc/data/messages/u/unnecessary-direct-lambda-call/bad.py
index 1057f8be6b..280fb3b75c 100644
--- a/doc/data/messages/u/unnecessary-direct-lambda-call/bad.py
+++ b/doc/data/messages/u/unnecessary-direct-lambda-call/bad.py
@@ -1 +1 @@
-y = (lambda x: x**2 + 2*x + 1)(a)  # [unnecessary-direct-lambda-call]
+y = (lambda x: x**2 + 2 * x + 1)(a)  # [unnecessary-direct-lambda-call]
diff --git a/doc/data/messages/u/unnecessary-direct-lambda-call/good.py b/doc/data/messages/u/unnecessary-direct-lambda-call/good.py
index 1fe996f695..5870a4a231 100644
--- a/doc/data/messages/u/unnecessary-direct-lambda-call/good.py
+++ b/doc/data/messages/u/unnecessary-direct-lambda-call/good.py
@@ -1 +1 @@
-y = a**2 + 2*a + 1
+y = a**2 + 2 * a + 1
diff --git a/doc/data/messages/u/unnecessary-dunder-call/bad.py b/doc/data/messages/u/unnecessary-dunder-call/bad.py
index 66149d7725..49405d47b6 100644
--- a/doc/data/messages/u/unnecessary-dunder-call/bad.py
+++ b/doc/data/messages/u/unnecessary-dunder-call/bad.py
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-three = 3.0.__str__()  # [unnecessary-dunder-call]
+three = (3.0).__str__()  # [unnecessary-dunder-call]
 twelve = "1".__add__("2")  # [unnecessary-dunder-call]
 
 
diff --git a/doc/data/messages/u/unnecessary-lambda-assignment/bad.py b/doc/data/messages/u/unnecessary-lambda-assignment/bad.py
index b31553e4a3..87e7ccdbaf 100644
--- a/doc/data/messages/u/unnecessary-lambda-assignment/bad.py
+++ b/doc/data/messages/u/unnecessary-lambda-assignment/bad.py
@@ -1 +1 @@
-foo = lambda x: x**2 + 2*x + 1  # [unnecessary-lambda-assignment]
+foo = lambda x: x**2 + 2 * x + 1  # [unnecessary-lambda-assignment]
diff --git a/doc/data/messages/u/unnecessary-lambda-assignment/good.py b/doc/data/messages/u/unnecessary-lambda-assignment/good.py
index 19c0a07d56..5c7da57a00 100644
--- a/doc/data/messages/u/unnecessary-lambda-assignment/good.py
+++ b/doc/data/messages/u/unnecessary-lambda-assignment/good.py
@@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
 def foo(x):
-    return x**2 + 2*x + 1
+    return x**2 + 2 * x + 1
diff --git a/doc/data/messages/u/unnecessary-list-index-lookup/bad.py b/doc/data/messages/u/unnecessary-list-index-lookup/bad.py
index d312d36a03..b671b3add7 100644
--- a/doc/data/messages/u/unnecessary-list-index-lookup/bad.py
+++ b/doc/data/messages/u/unnecessary-list-index-lookup/bad.py
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-letters = ['a', 'b', 'c']
+letters = ["a", "b", "c"]
 
 for index, letter in enumerate(letters):
     print(letters[index])  # [unnecessary-list-index-lookup]
diff --git a/doc/data/messages/u/unnecessary-list-index-lookup/good.py b/doc/data/messages/u/unnecessary-list-index-lookup/good.py
index 5d3370c0e2..2d1a3425c9 100644
--- a/doc/data/messages/u/unnecessary-list-index-lookup/good.py
+++ b/doc/data/messages/u/unnecessary-list-index-lookup/good.py
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-letters = ['a', 'b', 'c']
+letters = ["a", "b", "c"]
 
 for index, letter in enumerate(letters):
     print(letter)
diff --git a/doc/data/messages/u/unnecessary-pass/bad.py b/doc/data/messages/u/unnecessary-pass/bad.py
index 32eee7f943..c22786f63d 100644
--- a/doc/data/messages/u/unnecessary-pass/bad.py
+++ b/doc/data/messages/u/unnecessary-pass/bad.py
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
 class Foo:
     """Foo docstring."""
+
     pass  # [unnecessary-pass]
diff --git a/doc/data/messages/u/unsupported-binary-operation/good.py b/doc/data/messages/u/unsupported-binary-operation/good.py
index 8dc2893c39..6a6be9a72d 100644
--- a/doc/data/messages/u/unsupported-binary-operation/good.py
+++ b/doc/data/messages/u/unsupported-binary-operation/good.py
@@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
 masked = 0b111111 & 0b001100
-result = 0xaeff | 0x0b99
+result = 0xAEFF | 0x0B99
diff --git a/doc/data/messages/u/unsupported-membership-test/good.py b/doc/data/messages/u/unsupported-membership-test/good.py
index 96b96d4d56..a5af58d5db 100644
--- a/doc/data/messages/u/unsupported-membership-test/good.py
+++ b/doc/data/messages/u/unsupported-membership-test/good.py
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 class Fruit:
     FRUITS = ["apple", "orange"]
+
     def __contains__(self, name):
         return name in self.FRUITS
 
diff --git a/doc/data/messages/u/unused-format-string-key/bad.py b/doc/data/messages/u/unused-format-string-key/bad.py
index b4c518fc30..7a326da280 100644
--- a/doc/data/messages/u/unused-format-string-key/bad.py
+++ b/doc/data/messages/u/unused-format-string-key/bad.py
@@ -1,2 +1,5 @@
-"The quick %(color)s fox jumps over the lazy dog." % {"color": "brown", "action": "hops"}
-# -1: [unused-format-string-key]
+"The quick %(color)s fox jumps over the lazy dog." % {
+    "color": "brown",
+    "action": "hops",
+}
+# -4: [unused-format-string-key]
diff --git a/doc/data/messages/u/unused-format-string-key/good.py b/doc/data/messages/u/unused-format-string-key/good.py
index 5e45475fd3..9347a3d8f2 100644
--- a/doc/data/messages/u/unused-format-string-key/good.py
+++ b/doc/data/messages/u/unused-format-string-key/good.py
@@ -1 +1,4 @@
-"The quick %(color)s fox %(action)s over the lazy dog." % {"color": "brown", "action": "hops"}
+"The quick %(color)s fox %(action)s over the lazy dog." % {
+    "color": "brown",
+    "action": "hops",
+}
diff --git a/doc/data/messages/u/unused-wildcard-import/bad.py b/doc/data/messages/u/unused-wildcard-import/bad.py
index 8d48581612..74e052c842 100644
--- a/doc/data/messages/u/unused-wildcard-import/bad.py
+++ b/doc/data/messages/u/unused-wildcard-import/bad.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 from abc import *  # [unused-wildcard-import]
 
 
-class Animal(ABC): ...
+class Animal(ABC):
+    ...
diff --git a/doc/data/messages/u/unused-wildcard-import/good.py b/doc/data/messages/u/unused-wildcard-import/good.py
index 961af99158..46fab6d4cf 100644
--- a/doc/data/messages/u/unused-wildcard-import/good.py
+++ b/doc/data/messages/u/unused-wildcard-import/good.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 from abc import ABC
 
 
-class Animal(ABC): ...
+class Animal(ABC):
+    ...
diff --git a/doc/data/messages/u/useless-parent-delegation/bad.py b/doc/data/messages/u/useless-parent-delegation/bad.py
index 9010c9ea9b..5132e358cc 100644
--- a/doc/data/messages/u/useless-parent-delegation/bad.py
+++ b/doc/data/messages/u/useless-parent-delegation/bad.py
@@ -1,10 +1,8 @@
 class Animal:
-
     def eat(self, food):
         print(f"Eating {food}")
 
 
 class Human(Animal):
-
     def eat(self, food):  # [useless-parent-delegation]
         super(Human, self).eat(food)
diff --git a/doc/data/messages/u/useless-parent-delegation/good.py b/doc/data/messages/u/useless-parent-delegation/good.py
index d463b45641..890a431164 100644
--- a/doc/data/messages/u/useless-parent-delegation/good.py
+++ b/doc/data/messages/u/useless-parent-delegation/good.py
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 class Animal:
-
     def eat(self, food):
         print(f"Eating {food}")
 
diff --git a/doc/data/messages/u/using-constant-test/bad.py b/doc/data/messages/u/using-constant-test/bad.py
index aee0b407c2..a995d78047 100644
--- a/doc/data/messages/u/using-constant-test/bad.py
+++ b/doc/data/messages/u/using-constant-test/bad.py
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 if 0:  # [using-constant-test]
-    print('This code is never executed.')
+    print("This code is never executed.")
 if 1:  # [using-constant-test]
-    print('This code is always executed.')
+    print("This code is always executed.")
diff --git a/doc/data/messages/u/using-constant-test/good.py b/doc/data/messages/u/using-constant-test/good.py
index 151e1d518d..c8441a9240 100644
--- a/doc/data/messages/u/using-constant-test/good.py
+++ b/doc/data/messages/u/using-constant-test/good.py
@@ -1 +1 @@
-print('This code is always executed.')
+print("This code is always executed.")
diff --git a/doc/data/messages/w/while-used/bad.py b/doc/data/messages/w/while-used/bad.py
index 8839b1a830..44e8df8540 100644
--- a/doc/data/messages/w/while-used/bad.py
+++ b/doc/data/messages/w/while-used/bad.py
@@ -4,9 +4,9 @@
 def fetch_data():
     i = 1
     while i < 6:  # [while-used]
-        print(f'Attempt {i}...')
+        print(f"Attempt {i}...")
         try:
-            return requests.get('https://example.com/data')
+            return requests.get("https://example.com/data")
         except requests.exceptions.RequestException:
             pass
         i += 1
diff --git a/doc/data/messages/w/while-used/good.py b/doc/data/messages/w/while-used/good.py
index 3f2be4860a..762d738404 100644
--- a/doc/data/messages/w/while-used/good.py
+++ b/doc/data/messages/w/while-used/good.py
@@ -3,8 +3,8 @@
 
 def fetch_data():
     for i in range(1, 6):
-        print(f'Attempt {i}...')
+        print(f"Attempt {i}...")
         try:
-            return requests.get('https://example.com/data')
+            return requests.get("https://example.com/data")
         except requests.exceptions.RequestException:
             pass
diff --git a/doc/data/messages/w/wrong-exception-operation/bad.py b/doc/data/messages/w/wrong-exception-operation/bad.py
index 20fcc2aab4..e4aff5d8b2 100644
--- a/doc/data/messages/w/wrong-exception-operation/bad.py
+++ b/doc/data/messages/w/wrong-exception-operation/bad.py
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 try:
-    1/0
-except (ValueError + TypeError):  # [wrong-exception-operation]
+    1 / 0
+except ValueError + TypeError:  # [wrong-exception-operation]
     pass
diff --git a/doc/data/messages/w/wrong-exception-operation/good.py b/doc/data/messages/w/wrong-exception-operation/good.py
index 4171dbb600..b5170dd0e4 100644
--- a/doc/data/messages/w/wrong-exception-operation/good.py
+++ b/doc/data/messages/w/wrong-exception-operation/good.py
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 try:
-    1/0
+    1 / 0
 except (ValueError, TypeError):
     pass
diff --git a/doc/data/messages/w/wrong-import-position/bad.py b/doc/data/messages/w/wrong-import-position/bad.py
index f5162adebd..38e442e975 100644
--- a/doc/data/messages/w/wrong-import-position/bad.py
+++ b/doc/data/messages/w/wrong-import-position/bad.py
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import os
 
-home = os.environ['HOME']
+home = os.environ["HOME"]
 
 import sys  # [wrong-import-position]
 
-print(f'Home directory is {home}', file=sys.stderr)
+print(f"Home directory is {home}", file=sys.stderr)
diff --git a/doc/data/messages/w/wrong-import-position/good.py b/doc/data/messages/w/wrong-import-position/good.py
index 413e1944e2..37330eb23b 100644
--- a/doc/data/messages/w/wrong-import-position/good.py
+++ b/doc/data/messages/w/wrong-import-position/good.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import os
 import sys
 
-home = os.environ['HOME']
-print(f'Home directory is {home}', file=sys.stderr)
+home = os.environ["HOME"]
+print(f"Home directory is {home}", file=sys.stderr)