README_EN.md

146. LRU Cache

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Description

Design a data structure that follows the constraints of a Least Recently Used (LRU) cache.

Implement the LRUCache class:

• LRUCache(int capacity) Initialize the LRU cache with positive size capacity.
• int get(int key) Return the value of the key if the key exists, otherwise return -1.
• void put(int key, int value) Update the value of the key if the key exists. Otherwise, add the key-value pair to the cache. If the number of keys exceeds the capacity from this operation, evict the least recently used key.

Follow up:
Could you do get and put in O(1) time complexity?

 

Example 1:

Input
["LRUCache", "put", "put", "get", "put", "get", "put", "get", "get", "get"]
[[2], [1, 1], [2, 2], [1], [3, 3], [2], [4, 4], [1], [3], [4]]
Output
[null, null, null, 1, null, -1, null, -1, 3, 4]

Explanation
LRUCache lRUCache = new LRUCache(2);
lRUCache.put(1, 1); // cache is {1=1}
lRUCache.put(2, 2); // cache is {1=1, 2=2}
lRUCache.get(1);    // return 1
lRUCache.put(3, 3); // LRU key was 2, evicts key 2, cache is {1=1, 3=3}
lRUCache.get(2);    // returns -1 (not found)
lRUCache.put(4, 4); // LRU key was 1, evicts key 1, cache is {4=4, 3=3}
lRUCache.get(1);    // return -1 (not found)
lRUCache.get(3);    // return 3
lRUCache.get(4);    // return 4

 

Constraints:

• 1 <= capacity <= 3000
• 0 <= key <= 3000
• 0 <= value <= 104
• At most 3 * 104 calls will be made to get and put.

Solutions

Python3

class Node:
    def __init__(self, key=0, value=0):
        self.key = key
        self.value = value
        self.prev = None
        self.next = None

class LRUCache:

    def __init__(self, capacity: int):
        self.size = 0
        self.capacity = capacity
        self.cache = {}
        self.head = Node()
        self.tail = Node()
        self.head.next = self.tail
        self.tail.prev = self.head

    def get(self, key: int) -> int:
        if key not in self.cache:
            return -1
        node = self.cache[key]
        self._move_to_head(node)
        return node.value

    def put(self, key: int, value: int) -> None:
        if key not in self.cache:
            new_node = Node(key, value)
            self.cache[key] = new_node
            self._add_to_head(new_node)
            self.size += 1
            if self.size > self.capacity:
                node = self._remove_tail()
                self.cache.pop(node.key)
                self.size -= 1
        else:
            node = self.cache[key]
            node.value = value
            self._move_to_head(node)

    def _move_to_head(self, node):
        self._remove_node(node)
        self._add_to_head(node)

    def _remove_node(self, node):
        node.prev.next = node.next
        node.next.prev = node.prev

    def _add_to_head(self, node):
        node.next = self.head.next
        node.next.prev = node
        node.prev = self.head
        self.head.next = node

    def _remove_tail(self):
        node = self.tail.prev
        self._remove_node(node)
        return node

# Your LRUCache object will be instantiated and called as such:
# obj = LRUCache(capacity)
# param_1 = obj.get(key)
# obj.put(key,value)

Java

class LRUCache {
    class Node {
        int key;
        int value;
        Node prev;
        Node next;
        Node() {

        }
        Node(int key, int value) {
            this.key = key;
            this.value = value;
        }
    }

    private int size;
    private int capacity;
    private Map<Integer, Node> cache;
    private Node head;
    private Node tail;

    public LRUCache(int capacity) {
        this.size = 0;
        this.capacity = capacity;
        cache = new HashMap<>();
        head = new Node();
        tail = new Node();
        head.next = tail;
        tail.prev = head;
    }

    public int get(int key) {
        Node node = cache.get(key);
        if (node == null) {
            return -1;
        }
        moveToHead(node);
        return node.value;
    }

    public void put(int key, int value) {
        Node node = cache.get(key);
        if (node == null) {
            Node newNode = new Node(key, value);
            cache.put(key, newNode);
            addToHead(newNode);
            ++size;
            if (size > capacity) {
                Node tail = removeTail();
                cache.remove(tail.key);
                --size;
            }
        } else {
            node.value = value;
            moveToHead(node);
        }
    }

    private void moveToHead(Node node) {
        removeNode(node);
        addToHead(node);
    }

    private void removeNode(Node node) {
        node.prev.next = node.next;
        node.next.prev = node.prev;
    }

    private void addToHead(Node node) {
        node.next = head.next;
        head.next = node;
        node.next.prev = node;
        node.prev = head;
    }

    private Node removeTail() {
        Node node = tail.prev;
        removeNode(node);
        return node;
    }
}

/**
 * Your LRUCache object will be instantiated and called as such:
 * LRUCache obj = new LRUCache(capacity);
 * int param_1 = obj.get(key);
 * obj.put(key,value);
 */

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