cache.rs

use std::{
    collections::{BTreeMap, VecDeque},
    ops::Range,
    sync::Arc,
};

use ahash::{HashMap, HashSet};
use itertools::Itertools;
use parking_lot::RwLock;
use paste::paste;
use seq_macro::seq;

use re_data_store::{DataStore, LatestAtQuery, RangeQuery, StoreDiff, StoreEvent, StoreSubscriber};
use re_log_types::{EntityPath, RowId, StoreId, TimeInt, TimeRange, Timeline};
use re_query::ArchetypeView;
use re_types_core::{
    components::InstanceKey, Archetype, ArchetypeName, Component, ComponentName, SizeBytes as _,
};

use crate::{ErasedFlatVecDeque, FlatVecDeque, LatestAtCache, RangeCache};

// ---

#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
pub enum AnyQuery {
    LatestAt(LatestAtQuery),
    Range(RangeQuery),
}

impl From<LatestAtQuery> for AnyQuery {
    #[inline]
    fn from(query: LatestAtQuery) -> Self {
        Self::LatestAt(query)
    }
}

impl From<RangeQuery> for AnyQuery {
    #[inline]
    fn from(query: RangeQuery) -> Self {
        Self::Range(query)
    }
}

// ---

/// Maintains the top-level cache mappings.
pub struct Caches {
    /// The [`StoreId`] of the associated [`DataStore`].
    store_id: StoreId,

    // NOTE: `Arc` so we can cheaply free the top-level lock early when needed.
    per_cache_key: RwLock<HashMap<CacheKey, Arc<RwLock<CachesPerArchetype>>>>,
}

impl std::fmt::Debug for Caches {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
        let Self {
            store_id,
            per_cache_key,
        } = self;

        let mut strings = Vec::new();

        strings.push(format!("[Caches({store_id})]"));

        let per_cache_key = per_cache_key.read();
        let per_cache_key: BTreeMap<_, _> = per_cache_key.iter().collect();

        for (cache_key, caches_per_archetype) in &per_cache_key {
            let caches_per_archetype = caches_per_archetype.read();
            strings.push(format!(
                "  [{cache_key:?} (pending_timeful={:?} pending_timeless={:?})]",
                caches_per_archetype
                    .pending_timeful_invalidation
                    .map(|t| cache_key
                        .timeline
                        .format_time_range_utc(&TimeRange::new(t, TimeInt::MAX))),
                caches_per_archetype.pending_timeless_invalidation,
            ));
            strings.push(indent::indent_all_by(
                4,
                format!("{caches_per_archetype:?}"),
            ));
        }

        f.write_str(&strings.join("\n").replace("\n\n", "\n"))
    }
}

impl std::ops::Deref for Caches {
    type Target = RwLock<HashMap<CacheKey, Arc<RwLock<CachesPerArchetype>>>>;

    #[inline]
    fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
        &self.per_cache_key
    }
}

impl Caches {
    #[inline]
    pub fn new(store: &DataStore) -> Self {
        Self {
            store_id: store.id().clone(),
            per_cache_key: Default::default(),
        }
    }
}

#[derive(Default)]
pub struct CachesPerArchetype {
    /// Which [`Archetype`] are we querying for?
    ///
    /// This is very important because of our data model: we not only query for components, but we
    /// query for components from a specific point-of-view (the so-called primary component).
    /// Different archetypes have different point-of-views, and therefore can end up with different
    /// results, even from the same raw data.
    //
    // NOTE: `Arc` so we can cheaply free the archetype-level lock early when needed.
    //
    // TODO(cmc): At some point we should probably just store the PoV and optional components rather
    // than an `ArchetypeName`: the query system doesn't care about archetypes.
    pub(crate) latest_at_per_archetype: RwLock<HashMap<ArchetypeName, Arc<RwLock<LatestAtCache>>>>,

    /// Which [`Archetype`] are we querying for?
    ///
    /// This is very important because of our data model: we not only query for components, but we
    /// query for components from a specific point-of-view (the so-called primary component).
    /// Different archetypes have different point-of-views, and therefore can end up with different
    /// results, even from the same raw data.
    //
    // NOTE: `Arc` so we can cheaply free the archetype-level lock early when needed.
    //
    // TODO(cmc): At some point we should probably just store the PoV and optional components rather
    // than an `ArchetypeName`: the query system doesn't care about archetypes.
    pub(crate) range_per_archetype: RwLock<HashMap<ArchetypeName, Arc<RwLock<RangeCache>>>>,

    /// Everything greater than or equal to this timestamp has been asynchronously invalidated.
    ///
    /// The next time this cache gets queried, it must remove any entry matching this criteria.
    /// `None` indicates that there's no pending invalidation.
    ///
    /// Invalidation is deferred to query time because it is far more efficient that way: the frame
    /// time effectively behaves as a natural micro-batching mechanism.
    pending_timeful_invalidation: Option<TimeInt>,

    /// If `true`, the timeless data associated with this cache has been asynchronously invalidated.
    ///
    /// If `true`, this cache must remove all of its timeless entries the next time it gets queried.
    /// `false` indicates that there's no pending invalidation.
    ///
    /// Invalidation is deferred to query time because it is far more efficient that way: the frame
    /// time effectively behaves as a natural micro-batching mechanism.
    pending_timeless_invalidation: bool,
}

impl std::fmt::Debug for CachesPerArchetype {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
        let CachesPerArchetype {
            latest_at_per_archetype,
            range_per_archetype,
            pending_timeful_invalidation: _,
            pending_timeless_invalidation: _,
        } = self;

        let mut strings = Vec::new();

        {
            let latest_at_per_archetype = latest_at_per_archetype.read();
            let latest_at_per_archetype: BTreeMap<_, _> = latest_at_per_archetype.iter().collect();

            for (archetype_name, latest_at_cache) in &latest_at_per_archetype {
                let latest_at_cache = latest_at_cache.read();
                strings.push(format!(
                    "[latest_at for {archetype_name} ({})]",
                    re_format::format_bytes(latest_at_cache.total_size_bytes() as _)
                ));
                strings.push(indent::indent_all_by(2, format!("{latest_at_cache:?}")));
            }
        }

        {
            let range_per_archetype = range_per_archetype.read();
            let range_per_archetype: BTreeMap<_, _> = range_per_archetype.iter().collect();

            for (archetype_name, range_cache) in &range_per_archetype {
                let range_cache = range_cache.read();
                strings.push(format!(
                    "[range for {archetype_name} ({})]",
                    re_format::format_bytes(range_cache.total_size_bytes() as _)
                ));
                strings.push(indent::indent_all_by(2, format!("{range_cache:?}")));
            }
        }

        f.write_str(&strings.join("\n").replace("\n\n", "\n"))
    }
}

impl Caches {
    /// Clears all caches.
    #[inline]
    pub fn clear(&self) {
        self.write().clear();
    }

    /// Gives write access to the appropriate `LatestAtCache` according to the specified
    /// query parameters.
    #[inline]
    pub fn with_latest_at<A, F, R>(
        &self,
        store: &DataStore,
        entity_path: EntityPath,
        query: &LatestAtQuery,
        mut f: F,
    ) -> R
    where
        A: Archetype,
        F: FnMut(&mut LatestAtCache) -> R,
    {
        assert!(
            self.store_id == *store.id(),
            "attempted to use a query cache {} with the wrong datastore ({})",
            self.store_id,
            store.id(),
        );

        let key = CacheKey::new(entity_path, query.timeline);

        let cache = {
            let caches_per_archetype = Arc::clone(self.write().entry(key.clone()).or_default());
            // Implicitly releasing top-level cache mappings -- concurrent queries can run once again.

            let removed_bytes = caches_per_archetype.write().handle_pending_invalidation();
            // Implicitly releasing archetype-level cache mappings -- concurrent queries using the
            // same `CacheKey` but a different `ArchetypeName` can run once again.
            if removed_bytes > 0 {
                re_log::trace!(
                    store_id=%self.store_id,
                    entity_path = %key.entity_path,
                    removed = removed_bytes,
                    "invalidated latest-at caches"
                );
            }

            let caches_per_archetype = caches_per_archetype.read();
            let mut latest_at_per_archetype = caches_per_archetype.latest_at_per_archetype.write();
            Arc::clone(latest_at_per_archetype.entry(A::name()).or_default())
            // Implicitly releasing bottom-level cache mappings -- identical concurrent queries
            // can run once again.
        };

        let mut cache = cache.write();
        f(&mut cache)
    }

    /// Gives write access to the appropriate `RangeCache` according to the specified
    /// query parameters.
    #[inline]
    pub fn with_range<A, F, R>(
        &self,
        store: &DataStore,
        entity_path: EntityPath,
        query: &RangeQuery,
        mut f: F,
    ) -> R
    where
        A: Archetype,
        F: FnMut(&mut RangeCache) -> R,
    {
        assert!(
            self.store_id == *store.id(),
            "attempted to use a query cache {} with the wrong datastore ({})",
            self.store_id,
            store.id(),
        );

        let key = CacheKey::new(entity_path, query.timeline);

        let cache = {
            let caches_per_archetype = Arc::clone(self.write().entry(key.clone()).or_default());
            // Implicitly releasing top-level cache mappings -- concurrent queries can run once again.

            let removed_bytes = caches_per_archetype.write().handle_pending_invalidation();
            // Implicitly releasing archetype-level cache mappings -- concurrent queries using the
            // same `CacheKey` but a different `ArchetypeName` can run once again.
            if removed_bytes > 0 {
                re_log::trace!(
                    store_id=%self.store_id,
                    entity_path = %key.entity_path,
                    removed = removed_bytes,
                    "invalidated latest-at caches"
                );
            }

            let caches_per_archetype = caches_per_archetype.read();
            let mut range_per_archetype = caches_per_archetype.range_per_archetype.write();
            Arc::clone(range_per_archetype.entry(A::name()).or_default())
            // Implicitly releasing bottom-level cache mappings -- identical concurrent queries
            // can run once again.
        };

        let mut cache = cache.write();
        f(&mut cache)
    }
}

/// Uniquely identifies cached query results in the [`Caches`].
#[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash)]
pub struct CacheKey {
    /// Which [`EntityPath`] is the query targeting?
    pub entity_path: EntityPath,

    /// Which [`Timeline`] is the query targeting?
    pub timeline: Timeline,
}

impl std::fmt::Debug for CacheKey {
    #[inline]
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
        let Self {
            entity_path,
            timeline,
        } = self;
        f.write_fmt(format_args!("{entity_path} on {}", timeline.name()))
    }
}

impl CacheKey {
    #[inline]
    pub fn new(entity_path: impl Into<EntityPath>, timeline: impl Into<Timeline>) -> Self {
        Self {
            entity_path: entity_path.into(),
            timeline: timeline.into(),
        }
    }
}

// --- Invalidation ---

impl StoreSubscriber for Caches {
    #[inline]
    fn name(&self) -> String {
        "rerun.store_subscribers.QueryCache".into()
    }

    #[inline]
    fn as_any(&self) -> &dyn std::any::Any {
        self
    }

    #[inline]
    fn as_any_mut(&mut self) -> &mut dyn std::any::Any {
        self
    }

    fn on_events(&mut self, events: &[StoreEvent]) {
        re_tracing::profile_function!(format!("num_events={}", events.len()));

        for event in events {
            let StoreEvent {
                store_id,
                store_generation: _,
                event_id: _,
                diff,
            } = event;

            assert!(
                self.store_id == *store_id,
                "attempted to use a query cache {} with the wrong datastore ({})",
                self.store_id,
                store_id,
            );

            let StoreDiff {
                kind: _, // Don't care: both additions and deletions invalidate query results.
                row_id: _,
                times,
                entity_path,
                cells: _, // Don't care: we invalidate at the entity level, not component level.
            } = diff;

            #[derive(Default, Debug)]
            struct CompactedEvents {
                timeless: HashSet<EntityPath>,
                timeful: HashMap<CacheKey, TimeInt>,
            }

            let mut compacted = CompactedEvents::default();
            {
                re_tracing::profile_scope!("compact events");

                if times.is_empty() {
                    compacted.timeless.insert(entity_path.clone());
                }

                for &(timeline, time) in times {
                    let key = CacheKey::new(entity_path.clone(), timeline);
                    let min_time = compacted.timeful.entry(key).or_insert(TimeInt::MAX);
                    *min_time = TimeInt::min(*min_time, time);
                }
            }

            let caches = self.write();
            // NOTE: Don't release the top-level lock -- even though this cannot happen yet with
            // our current macro-architecture, we want to prevent queries from concurrently
            // running while we're updating the invalidation flags.

            // TODO(cmc): This is horribly stupid and slow and can easily be made faster by adding
            // yet another layer of caching indirection.
            // But since this pretty much never happens in practice, let's not go there until we
            // have metrics showing that show we need to.
            {
                re_tracing::profile_scope!("timeless");

                for entity_path in compacted.timeless {
                    for (key, caches_per_archetype) in caches.iter() {
                        if key.entity_path == entity_path {
                            caches_per_archetype.write().pending_timeless_invalidation = true;
                        }
                    }
                }
            }

            {
                re_tracing::profile_scope!("timeful");

                for (key, time) in compacted.timeful {
                    if let Some(caches_per_archetype) = caches.get(&key) {
                        // NOTE: Do _NOT_ lock from within the if clause itself or the guard will live
                        // for the remainder of the if statement and hell will ensue.
                        // <https://rust-lang.github.io/rust-clippy/master/#if_let_mutex> is
                        // supposed to catch that but it doesn't, I don't know why.
                        let mut caches_per_archetype = caches_per_archetype.write();
                        if let Some(min_time) =
                            caches_per_archetype.pending_timeful_invalidation.as_mut()
                        {
                            *min_time = TimeInt::min(*min_time, time);
                        } else {
                            caches_per_archetype.pending_timeful_invalidation = Some(time);
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

impl CachesPerArchetype {
    /// Removes all entries from the cache that have been asynchronously invalidated.
    ///
    /// Invalidation is deferred to query time because it is far more efficient that way: the frame
    /// time effectively behaves as a natural micro-batching mechanism.
    ///
    /// Returns the number of bytes removed.
    fn handle_pending_invalidation(&mut self) -> u64 {
        let pending_timeless_invalidation = self.pending_timeless_invalidation;
        let pending_timeful_invalidation = self.pending_timeful_invalidation.is_some();

        if !pending_timeless_invalidation && !pending_timeful_invalidation {
            return 0;
        }

        re_tracing::profile_function!();

        let time_threshold = self.pending_timeful_invalidation.unwrap_or(TimeInt::MAX);

        self.pending_timeful_invalidation = None;
        self.pending_timeless_invalidation = false;

        // Timeless being infinitely into the past, this effectively invalidates _everything_ with
        // the current coarse-grained / archetype-level caching strategy.
        if pending_timeless_invalidation {
            re_tracing::profile_scope!("timeless");

            let latest_at_removed_bytes = self
                .latest_at_per_archetype
                .read()
                .values()
                .map(|latest_at_cache| latest_at_cache.read().total_size_bytes())
                .sum::<u64>();
            let range_removed_bytes = self
                .range_per_archetype
                .read()
                .values()
                .map(|range_cache| range_cache.read().total_size_bytes())
                .sum::<u64>();

            *self = CachesPerArchetype::default();

            return latest_at_removed_bytes + range_removed_bytes;
        }

        re_tracing::profile_scope!("timeful");

        let mut removed_bytes = 0u64;

        for latest_at_cache in self.latest_at_per_archetype.read().values() {
            let mut latest_at_cache = latest_at_cache.write();
            removed_bytes =
                removed_bytes.saturating_add(latest_at_cache.truncate_at_time(time_threshold));
        }

        for range_cache in self.range_per_archetype.read().values() {
            let mut range_cache = range_cache.write();
            removed_bytes =
                removed_bytes.saturating_add(range_cache.truncate_at_time(time_threshold));
        }

        removed_bytes
    }
}

// ---

/// Caches the results of any query for an arbitrary range of time.
///
/// This caches all the steps involved in getting data ready for space views:
/// - index search,
/// - instance key joining,
/// - deserialization.
///
/// We share the `CacheBucket` implementation between all types of queries to avoid duplication of
/// logic, especially for things that require metaprogramming, to keep the macro madness to a
/// minimum.
/// In the case of `LatestAt` queries, a `CacheBucket` will always contain a single timestamp worth
/// of data.
#[derive(Default)]
pub struct CacheBucket {
    /// The _data_ timestamps and [`RowId`]s of all cached rows.
    ///
    /// This corresponds to the data time and `RowId` returned by `re_query::query_archetype`.
    ///
    /// This is guaranteed to always be sorted and dense (i.e. there cannot be a hole in the cached
    /// data, unless the raw data itself in the store has a hole at that particular point in time).
    ///
    /// Reminder: within a single timestamp, rows are sorted according to their [`RowId`]s.
    pub(crate) data_times: VecDeque<(TimeInt, RowId)>,

    /// The [`InstanceKey`]s of the point-of-view components.
    pub(crate) pov_instance_keys: FlatVecDeque<InstanceKey>,

    /// The resulting component data, pre-deserialized, pre-joined.
    //
    // TODO(#4733): Don't denormalize auto-generated instance keys.
    // TODO(#4734): Don't denormalize splatted values.
    pub(crate) components: BTreeMap<ComponentName, Box<dyn ErasedFlatVecDeque + Send + Sync>>,

    /// The total size in bytes stored in this bucket.
    ///
    /// Only used so we can decrement the global cache size when the last reference to a bucket
    /// gets dropped.
    pub(crate) total_size_bytes: u64,
    //
    // TODO(cmc): secondary cache
}

impl std::fmt::Debug for CacheBucket {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
        let Self {
            data_times: _,
            pov_instance_keys: _,
            components,
            total_size_bytes: _,
        } = self;

        let strings = components
            .iter()
            .filter(|(_, data)| data.dyn_num_values() > 0)
            .map(|(name, data)| {
                format!(
                    "{} {name} values spread across {} entries ({})",
                    data.dyn_num_values(),
                    data.dyn_num_entries(),
                    re_format::format_bytes(data.dyn_total_size_bytes() as _),
                )
            })
            .collect_vec();

        f.write_str(&strings.join("\n").replace("\n\n", "\n"))
    }
}

impl CacheBucket {
    #[inline]
    pub fn time_range(&self) -> Option<TimeRange> {
        let first_time = self.data_times.front().map(|(t, _)| *t)?;
        let last_time = self.data_times.back().map(|(t, _)| *t)?;
        Some(TimeRange::new(first_time, last_time))
    }

    #[inline]
    pub fn contains_data_time(&self, data_time: TimeInt) -> bool {
        let first_time = self.data_times.front().map_or(&TimeInt::MAX, |(t, _)| t);
        let last_time = self.data_times.back().map_or(&TimeInt::MIN, |(t, _)| t);
        *first_time <= data_time && data_time <= *last_time
    }

    #[inline]
    pub fn contains_data_row(&self, data_time: TimeInt, row_id: RowId) -> bool {
        self.data_times.binary_search(&(data_time, row_id)).is_ok()
    }

    /// How many timestamps' worth of data is stored in this bucket?
    #[inline]
    pub fn num_entries(&self) -> usize {
        self.data_times.len()
    }

    #[inline]
    pub fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {
        self.num_entries() == 0
    }

    // ---

    /// Iterate over the timestamps of the point-of-view components.
    #[inline]
    pub fn iter_data_times(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = &(TimeInt, RowId)> {
        self.data_times.iter()
    }

    /// Iterate over the [`InstanceKey`] batches of the point-of-view components.
    #[inline]
    pub fn iter_pov_instance_keys(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = &[InstanceKey]> {
        self.pov_instance_keys.iter()
    }

    /// Iterate over the batches of the specified non-optional component.
    #[inline]
    pub fn iter_component<C: Component + Send + Sync + 'static>(
        &self,
    ) -> Option<impl Iterator<Item = &[C]>> {
        let data = self
            .components
            .get(&C::name())
            .and_then(|data| data.as_any().downcast_ref::<FlatVecDeque<C>>())?;
        Some(data.iter())
    }

    /// Iterate over the batches of the specified optional component.
    #[inline]
    pub fn iter_component_opt<C: Component + Send + Sync + 'static>(
        &self,
    ) -> Option<impl Iterator<Item = &[Option<C>]>> {
        let data = self
            .components
            .get(&C::name())
            .and_then(|data| data.as_any().downcast_ref::<FlatVecDeque<Option<C>>>())?;
        Some(data.iter())
    }

    // ---

    /// Returns the index range that corresponds to the specified `time_range`.
    ///
    /// Use the returned range with one of the range iteration methods:
    /// - [`Self::range_data_times`]
    /// - [`Self::range_pov_instance_keys`]
    /// - [`Self::range_component`]
    /// - [`Self::range_component_opt`]
    ///
    /// Make sure that the bucket hasn't been modified in-between!
    ///
    /// This is `O(2*log(n))`, so make sure to clone the returned range rather than calling this
    /// multiple times.
    #[inline]
    pub fn entry_range(&self, time_range: TimeRange) -> Range<usize> {
        let start_index = self
            .data_times
            .partition_point(|(data_time, _)| data_time < &time_range.min);
        let end_index = self
            .data_times
            .partition_point(|(data_time, _)| data_time <= &time_range.max);
        start_index..end_index
    }

    /// Range over the timestamps of the point-of-view components.
    #[inline]
    pub fn range_data_times(
        &self,
        entry_range: Range<usize>,
    ) -> impl Iterator<Item = &(TimeInt, RowId)> {
        self.data_times.range(entry_range)
    }

    /// Range over the [`InstanceKey`] batches of the point-of-view components.
    #[inline]
    pub fn range_pov_instance_keys(
        &self,
        entry_range: Range<usize>,
    ) -> impl Iterator<Item = &[InstanceKey]> {
        self.pov_instance_keys.range(entry_range)
    }

    /// Range over the batches of the specified non-optional component.
    #[inline]
    pub fn range_component<C: Component + Send + Sync + 'static>(
        &self,
        entry_range: Range<usize>,
    ) -> Option<impl Iterator<Item = &[C]>> {
        let data = self
            .components
            .get(&C::name())
            .and_then(|data| data.as_any().downcast_ref::<FlatVecDeque<C>>())?;
        Some(data.range(entry_range))
    }

    /// Range over the batches of the specified optional component.
    #[inline]
    pub fn range_component_opt<C: Component + Send + Sync + 'static>(
        &self,
        entry_range: Range<usize>,
    ) -> Option<impl Iterator<Item = &[Option<C>]>> {
        let data = self
            .components
            .get(&C::name())
            .and_then(|data| data.as_any().downcast_ref::<FlatVecDeque<Option<C>>>())?;
        Some(data.range(entry_range))
    }

    /// Removes everything from the bucket that corresponds to a time equal or greater than the
    /// specified `threshold`.
    ///
    /// Returns the number of bytes removed.
    #[inline]
    pub fn truncate_at_time(&mut self, threshold: TimeInt) -> u64 {
        let Self {
            data_times,
            pov_instance_keys,
            components,
            total_size_bytes,
        } = self;

        let mut removed_bytes = 0u64;

        let threshold_idx = data_times.partition_point(|(data_time, _)| data_time < &threshold);

        {
            let total_size_bytes_before = data_times.total_size_bytes();
            data_times.truncate(threshold_idx);
            removed_bytes += total_size_bytes_before - data_times.total_size_bytes();
        }

        {
            let total_size_bytes_before = pov_instance_keys.total_size_bytes();
            pov_instance_keys.truncate(threshold_idx);
            removed_bytes += total_size_bytes_before - pov_instance_keys.total_size_bytes();
        }

        for data in components.values_mut() {
            let total_size_bytes_before = data.dyn_total_size_bytes();
            data.dyn_truncate(threshold_idx);
            removed_bytes += total_size_bytes_before - data.dyn_total_size_bytes();
        }

        debug_assert!({
            let expected_num_entries = data_times.len();
            data_times.len() == expected_num_entries
                && pov_instance_keys.num_entries() == expected_num_entries
                && components
                    .values()
                    .all(|data| data.dyn_num_entries() == expected_num_entries)
        });

        *total_size_bytes = total_size_bytes
            .checked_sub(removed_bytes)
            .unwrap_or_else(|| {
                re_log::debug!(
                    current = *total_size_bytes,
                    removed = removed_bytes,
                    "book keeping underflowed"
                );
                u64::MIN
            });

        removed_bytes
    }
}

macro_rules! impl_insert {
    (for N=$N:expr, M=$M:expr => povs=[$($pov:ident)+] comps=[$($comp:ident)*]) => { paste! {
        #[doc = "Inserts the contents of the given [`ArchetypeView`], which are made of the specified"]
        #[doc = "`" $N "` point-of-view components and `" $M "` optional components, to the cache."]
        #[doc = ""]
        #[doc = "Returns the size in bytes of the data that was cached."]
        #[doc = ""]
        #[doc = "`query_time` must be the time of query, _not_ of the resulting data."]
        pub fn [<insert_pov$N _comp$M>]<A, $($pov,)+ $($comp),*>(
            &mut self,
            query_time: TimeInt,
            arch_view: &ArchetypeView<A>,
        ) -> ::re_query::Result<u64>
        where
            A: Archetype,
            $($pov: Component + Send + Sync + 'static,)+
            $($comp: Component + Send + Sync + 'static,)*
        {
            // NOTE: not `profile_function!` because we want them merged together.
            re_tracing::profile_scope!("CacheBucket::insert", format!("arch={} pov={} comp={}", A::name(), $N, $M));

            let pov_row_id = arch_view.primary_row_id();
            let index = self.data_times.partition_point(|t| t < &(query_time, pov_row_id));

            let mut added_size_bytes = 0u64;

            self.data_times.insert(index, (query_time, pov_row_id));
            added_size_bytes += (query_time, pov_row_id).total_size_bytes();

            {
                // The `FlatVecDeque` will have to collect the data one way or another: do it ourselves
                // instead, that way we can efficiently compute its size while we're at it.
                let added: FlatVecDeque<InstanceKey> = arch_view
                    .iter_instance_keys()
                    .collect::<VecDeque<InstanceKey>>()
                    .into();
                added_size_bytes += added.total_size_bytes();
                self.pov_instance_keys.insert_deque(index, added);
            }

            $(added_size_bytes += self.insert_component::<A, $pov>(index, arch_view)?;)+
            $(added_size_bytes += self.insert_component_opt::<A, $comp>(index, arch_view)?;)*

            self.total_size_bytes += added_size_bytes;

            Ok(added_size_bytes)
        } }
    };

    // TODO(cmc): Supporting N>1 generically is quite painful due to limitations in declarative macros,
    // not that we care at the moment.
    (for N=1, M=$M:expr) => {
        seq!(COMP in 1..=$M {
            impl_insert!(for N=1, M=$M => povs=[R1] comps=[#(C~COMP)*]);
        });
    };
}

impl CacheBucket {
    /// Alias for [`Self::insert_pov1_comp0`].
    #[inline]
    #[allow(dead_code)]
    fn insert_pov1<A, R1>(
        &mut self,
        query_time: TimeInt,
        arch_view: &ArchetypeView<A>,
    ) -> ::re_query::Result<u64>
    where
        A: Archetype,
        R1: Component + Send + Sync + 'static,
    {
        self.insert_pov1_comp0::<A, R1>(query_time, arch_view)
    }

    seq!(NUM_COMP in 0..10 {
        impl_insert!(for N=1, M=NUM_COMP);
    });

    #[inline]
    fn insert_component<A: Archetype, C: Component + Send + Sync + 'static>(
        &mut self,
        at: usize,
        arch_view: &ArchetypeView<A>,
    ) -> re_query::Result<u64> {
        re_tracing::profile_function!(C::name());

        let data = self
            .components
            .entry(C::name())
            .or_insert_with(|| Box::new(FlatVecDeque::<C>::new()));

        // The `FlatVecDeque` will have to collect the data one way or another: do it ourselves
        // instead, that way we can efficiently compute its size while we're at it.
        let added: FlatVecDeque<C> = arch_view
            .iter_required_component::<C>()?
            .collect::<VecDeque<C>>()
            .into();
        let added_size_bytes = added.total_size_bytes();

        // NOTE: downcast cannot fail, we create it just above.
        let data = data.as_any_mut().downcast_mut::<FlatVecDeque<C>>().unwrap();
        data.insert_deque(at, added);

        Ok(added_size_bytes)
    }

    /// This will insert an empty slice for a missing component (instead of N `None` values).
    #[inline]
    fn insert_component_opt<A: Archetype, C: Component + Send + Sync + 'static>(
        &mut self,
        at: usize,
        arch_view: &ArchetypeView<A>,
    ) -> re_query::Result<u64> {
        re_tracing::profile_function!(C::name());

        let data = self
            .components
            .entry(C::name())
            .or_insert_with(|| Box::new(FlatVecDeque::<Option<C>>::new()));

        let added: FlatVecDeque<Option<C>> = if arch_view.has_component::<C>() {
            // The `FlatVecDeque` will have to collect the data one way or another: do it ourselves
            // instead, that way we can efficiently computes its size while we're at it.
            arch_view
                .iter_optional_component::<C>()?
                .collect::<VecDeque<Option<C>>>()
                .into()
        } else {
            // If an optional component is missing entirely, we just store an empty slice in its
            // stead, rather than a bunch of `None` values.
            let mut added = FlatVecDeque::<Option<C>>::new();
            added.push_back(std::iter::empty());
            added
        };
        let added_size_bytes = added.total_size_bytes();

        // NOTE: downcast cannot fail, we create it just above.
        let data = data
            .as_any_mut()
            .downcast_mut::<FlatVecDeque<Option<C>>>()
            .unwrap();
        data.insert_deque(at, added);

        Ok(added_size_bytes)
    }
}