diff --git a/src/cargo/core/compiler/mod.rs b/src/cargo/core/compiler/mod.rs
index 14aa9814831..77e131e1efc 100644
--- a/src/cargo/core/compiler/mod.rs
+++ b/src/cargo/core/compiler/mod.rs
@@ -1434,6 +1434,7 @@ pub fn extern_args(
                 .require(Feature::public_dependency())
                 .is_ok()
                 && !dep.public
+                && unit.target.is_lib()
             {
                 opts.push("priv");
                 *unstable_opts = true;
diff --git a/tests/testsuite/pub_priv.rs b/tests/testsuite/pub_priv.rs
index b2160e0fa11..9792bfd7423 100644
--- a/tests/testsuite/pub_priv.rs
+++ b/tests/testsuite/pub_priv.rs
@@ -246,3 +246,227 @@ fn workspace_dep_made_public() {
         .masquerade_as_nightly_cargo(&["public-dependency"])
         .run()
 }
+
+#[cargo_test(nightly, reason = "exported_private_dependencies lint is unstable")]
+fn allow_priv_in_tests() {
+    Package::new("priv_dep", "0.1.0")
+        .file("src/lib.rs", "pub struct FromPriv;")
+        .publish();
+
+    let p = project()
+        .file(
+            "Cargo.toml",
+            r#"
+                cargo-features = ["public-dependency"]
+
+                [package]
+                name = "foo"
+                version = "0.0.1"
+
+                [dependencies]
+                priv_dep = {version = "0.1.0", public = false}
+            "#,
+        )
+        .file(
+            "tests/mod.rs",
+            "
+            extern crate priv_dep;
+            pub fn use_priv(_: priv_dep::FromPriv) {}
+        ",
+        )
+        .build();
+
+    p.cargo("check --tests --message-format=short")
+        .masquerade_as_nightly_cargo(&["public-dependency"])
+        .with_stderr(
+            "\
+[UPDATING] `[..]` index
+[DOWNLOADING] crates ...
+[DOWNLOADED] priv_dep v0.1.0 ([..])
+[CHECKING] priv_dep v0.1.0
+[CHECKING] foo v0.0.1 ([CWD])
+[FINISHED] dev [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in [..]
+",
+        )
+        .run()
+}
+
+#[cargo_test(nightly, reason = "exported_private_dependencies lint is unstable")]
+fn allow_priv_in_benchs() {
+    Package::new("priv_dep", "0.1.0")
+        .file("src/lib.rs", "pub struct FromPriv;")
+        .publish();
+
+    let p = project()
+        .file(
+            "Cargo.toml",
+            r#"
+                cargo-features = ["public-dependency"]
+
+                [package]
+                name = "foo"
+                version = "0.0.1"
+
+                [dependencies]
+                priv_dep = {version = "0.1.0", public = false}
+            "#,
+        )
+        .file(
+            "benches/mod.rs",
+            "
+            extern crate priv_dep;
+            pub fn use_priv(_: priv_dep::FromPriv) {}
+        ",
+        )
+        .build();
+
+    p.cargo("check --benches --message-format=short")
+        .masquerade_as_nightly_cargo(&["public-dependency"])
+        .with_stderr(
+            "\
+[UPDATING] `[..]` index
+[DOWNLOADING] crates ...
+[DOWNLOADED] priv_dep v0.1.0 ([..])
+[CHECKING] priv_dep v0.1.0
+[CHECKING] foo v0.0.1 ([CWD])
+[FINISHED] dev [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in [..]
+",
+        )
+        .run()
+}
+
+#[cargo_test(nightly, reason = "exported_private_dependencies lint is unstable")]
+fn allow_priv_in_bins() {
+    Package::new("priv_dep", "0.1.0")
+        .file("src/lib.rs", "pub struct FromPriv;")
+        .publish();
+
+    let p = project()
+        .file(
+            "Cargo.toml",
+            r#"
+                cargo-features = ["public-dependency"]
+
+                [package]
+                name = "foo"
+                version = "0.0.1"
+
+                [dependencies]
+                priv_dep = {version = "0.1.0", public = false}
+            "#,
+        )
+        .file(
+            "src/main.rs",
+            "
+            extern crate priv_dep;
+            pub fn use_priv(_: priv_dep::FromPriv) {}
+            fn main() {}
+        ",
+        )
+        .build();
+
+    p.cargo("check --bins --message-format=short")
+        .masquerade_as_nightly_cargo(&["public-dependency"])
+        .with_stderr(
+            "\
+[UPDATING] `[..]` index
+[DOWNLOADING] crates ...
+[DOWNLOADED] priv_dep v0.1.0 ([..])
+[CHECKING] priv_dep v0.1.0
+[CHECKING] foo v0.0.1 ([CWD])
+[FINISHED] dev [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in [..]
+",
+        )
+        .run()
+}
+
+#[cargo_test(nightly, reason = "exported_private_dependencies lint is unstable")]
+fn allow_priv_in_examples() {
+    Package::new("priv_dep", "0.1.0")
+        .file("src/lib.rs", "pub struct FromPriv;")
+        .publish();
+
+    let p = project()
+        .file(
+            "Cargo.toml",
+            r#"
+                cargo-features = ["public-dependency"]
+
+                [package]
+                name = "foo"
+                version = "0.0.1"
+
+                [dependencies]
+                priv_dep = {version = "0.1.0", public = false}
+            "#,
+        )
+        .file(
+            "examples/lib.rs",
+            "
+            extern crate priv_dep;
+            pub fn use_priv(_: priv_dep::FromPriv) {}
+            fn main() {}
+        ",
+        )
+        .build();
+
+    p.cargo("check --examples --message-format=short")
+        .masquerade_as_nightly_cargo(&["public-dependency"])
+        .with_stderr(
+            "\
+[UPDATING] `[..]` index
+[DOWNLOADING] crates ...
+[DOWNLOADED] priv_dep v0.1.0 ([..])
+[CHECKING] priv_dep v0.1.0
+[CHECKING] foo v0.0.1 ([CWD])
+[FINISHED] dev [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in [..]
+",
+        )
+        .run()
+}
+
+#[cargo_test(nightly, reason = "exported_private_dependencies lint is unstable")]
+fn allow_priv_in_custom_build() {
+    Package::new("priv_dep", "0.1.0")
+        .file("src/lib.rs", "pub struct FromPriv;")
+        .publish();
+
+    let p = project()
+        .file(
+            "Cargo.toml",
+            r#"
+                cargo-features = ["public-dependency"]
+
+                [package]
+                name = "foo"
+                version = "0.0.1"
+
+                [build-dependencies]
+                priv_dep = "0.1.0"
+            "#,
+        )
+        .file("src/main.rs", "fn main() {}")
+        .file(
+            "build.rs",
+            "
+            extern crate priv_dep;
+            pub fn use_priv(_: priv_dep::FromPriv) {}
+            fn main() {}
+        ",
+        )
+        .build();
+
+    p.cargo("check --all-targets --message-format=short")
+        .masquerade_as_nightly_cargo(&["public-dependency"])
+        .with_stderr(
+            "\
+[UPDATING] `[..]` index
+[DOWNLOADING] crates ...
+[DOWNLOADED] priv_dep v0.1.0 ([..])
+[COMPILING] priv_dep v0.1.0
+[COMPILING] foo v0.0.1 ([CWD])
+[FINISHED] dev [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in [..]
+",
+        )
+        .run()
+}