Return error if patch file passed to state file.patch is malformed

[msciciel]

What does this PR do?

If patch file provided for file.patch state is malformed then state
returns Patch was already applied but patch is not applied.
It is better to return error in such case.

What issues does this PR fix or reference?

Fixes: #59805

Previous Behavior

          ID: patch_example
    Function: file.patch
        Name: /tmp/example
      Result: True
     Comment: Patch was already applied
     Started: 12:20:50.953163
    Duration: 61.558 ms
     Changes:

New Behavior

          ID: patch_example
    Function: file.patch
        Name: /tmp/example
      Result: False
     Comment: /usr/bin/patch: **** malformed patch at line 7:
     Started: 12:33:44.915605
    Duration: 59.202 ms
     Changes:

Test needs to be fixed also because it return OK(false positive) with original code but log file contains and patch is not applied:

Perhaps you used the wrong -p or --strip option?
The text leading up to this was:
--------------------------
|diff -ur a/foo/bar/math.txt b/foo/bar/math.txt
|--- a/foo/bar/math.txt	2018-04-09 18:43:52.883205365 -0500
|+++ b/foo/bar/math.txt	2018-04-09 18:44:58.525061654 -0500
--------------------------
File to patch: 
Skip this patch? [y] 
Skipping patch.
1 out of 1 hunk ignored
can't find file to patch at input line 13
Perhaps you used the wrong -p or --strip option?
The text leading up to this was:
--------------------------
|diff -ur a/foo/numbers.txt b/foo/numbers.txt
|--- a/foo/numbers.txt	2018-04-09 18:43:58.014272504 -0500
|+++ b/foo/numbers.txt	2018-04-09 18:44:46.487905044 -0500
--------------------------
File to patch: 
Skip this patch? [y] 
Skipping patch.
1 out of 1 hunk ignored

Merge requirements satisfied?

[NOTICE] Bug fixes or features added to Salt require tests.

• Docs
• Changelog - https://docs.saltstack.com/en/master/topics/development/changelog.html
• Tests written/updated

Commits signed with GPG?

No

[sagetherage]

@msciciel if you can get this out of a draft status it will run the tests and I can get it reviewed! Thank you!

[msciciel]

@msciciel if you can get this out of a draft status it will run the tests and I can get it reviewed! Thank you!

Done.

[msciciel]

Any chance for final review and possible merge?

[msciciel]

@danielrobbins @dwoz @sagetherage is there a change for a review of this fix?