diff --git a/snark-verifier-sdk/Cargo.toml b/snark-verifier-sdk/Cargo.toml
index 4d5587fd..518afb3f 100644
--- a/snark-verifier-sdk/Cargo.toml
+++ b/snark-verifier-sdk/Cargo.toml
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ hex = "0.4"
 serde = { version = "1.0", features = ["derive"] }
 serde_json = "1.0"
 bincode = "1.3.3"
-ark-std = { version = "0.3.0", features = ["print-trace"], optional = true }
+ark-std = { version = "0.3.0" }
 
 halo2-base = { git = "https://github.com/scroll-tech/halo2-lib.git", branch = "halo2-ecc-snark-verifier-0323", default-features=false, features=["halo2-pse","display"] }
 snark-verifier = { path = "../snark-verifier", default-features = false }
@@ -29,8 +29,8 @@ ethereum-types = { version = "0.14", default-features = false, features = ["std"
 
 env_logger = "0.10.0"
 log = "0.4.17"
+
 [dev-dependencies]
-ark-std = { version = "0.3.0", features = ["print-trace"] }
 ethers-signers = { version = "0.17.0" }
 paste = "1.0.7"
 pprof = { version = "0.11", features = ["criterion", "flamegraph"] }
@@ -47,8 +47,8 @@ eth-types = { git = "https://github.com/scroll-tech/zkevm-circuits.git", branch
 mock = { git = "https://github.com/scroll-tech/zkevm-circuits.git", branch = "halo2-ecc-snark-verifier-0323" }
 
 [features]
-default = ["loader_halo2", "loader_evm", "halo2-pse", "halo2-base/jemallocator"]
-display = ["snark-verifier/display", "dep:ark-std"]
+default = ["loader_halo2", "loader_evm", "halo2-pse", "halo2-base/jemallocator", "display"]
+display = ["snark-verifier/display", "ark-std/print-trace"]
 loader_evm = ["snark-verifier/loader_evm", "dep:ethereum-types"]
 loader_halo2 = ["snark-verifier/loader_halo2"]
 parallel = ["snark-verifier/parallel"]
diff --git a/snark-verifier-sdk/configs/two_layer_recursion_first_layer.config b/snark-verifier-sdk/configs/two_layer_recursion_first_layer.config
index 65bf3ab8..c306834a 100644
--- a/snark-verifier-sdk/configs/two_layer_recursion_first_layer.config
+++ b/snark-verifier-sdk/configs/two_layer_recursion_first_layer.config
@@ -1 +1 @@
-{"strategy":"Simple","degree":25,"num_advice":[21],"num_lookup_advice":[2],"num_fixed":1,"lookup_bits":20,"limb_bits":88,"num_limbs":3}
+{"strategy":"Simple","degree":26,"num_advice":[21],"num_lookup_advice":[2],"num_fixed":1,"lookup_bits":20,"limb_bits":88,"num_limbs":3}
diff --git a/snark-verifier-sdk/src/halo2/aggregation.rs b/snark-verifier-sdk/src/halo2/aggregation.rs
index 832ebf7c..69fd04a8 100644
--- a/snark-verifier-sdk/src/halo2/aggregation.rs
+++ b/snark-verifier-sdk/src/halo2/aggregation.rs
@@ -212,7 +212,7 @@ impl AggregationCircuit {
     pub fn new(
         params: &ParamsKZG<Bn256>,
         snarks: impl IntoIterator<Item = Snark>,
-        rng: impl Rng + Send,
+        rng: &mut (impl Rng + Send),
     ) -> Self {
         let svk = params.get_g()[0].into();
         let snarks = snarks.into_iter().collect_vec();
diff --git a/snark-verifier-sdk/src/lib.rs b/snark-verifier-sdk/src/lib.rs
index 4ff4691d..9fbce6f2 100644
--- a/snark-verifier-sdk/src/lib.rs
+++ b/snark-verifier-sdk/src/lib.rs
@@ -28,6 +28,9 @@ pub mod evm;
 pub mod halo2;
 
 mod evm_circuits;
+pub mod multi_batch;
+
+
 
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests;
diff --git a/snark-verifier-sdk/src/multi_batch.rs b/snark-verifier-sdk/src/multi_batch.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c37c812e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/snark-verifier-sdk/src/multi_batch.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+//! APIs to handle multi-batching snarks.
+//!
+//! In each batch iteration, we are doing two layers of recursions.
+//! - use a wide recursive circuit to aggregate the proofs
+//! - use a slim recursive circuit to shrink the size of the aggregated proof
+//!
+
+mod evm;
+mod halo2;
+
+pub use evm::*;
+pub use halo2::*;
diff --git a/snark-verifier-sdk/src/multi_batch/evm.rs b/snark-verifier-sdk/src/multi_batch/evm.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4a65b372
--- /dev/null
+++ b/snark-verifier-sdk/src/multi_batch/evm.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+use crate::evm::{gen_evm_proof_shplonk, gen_evm_verifier_shplonk};
+use crate::gen_pk;
+use crate::halo2::aggregation::AggregationCircuit;
+use crate::halo2::gen_snark_shplonk;
+use crate::multi_batch::gen_two_layer_recursive_snark;
+use crate::{CircuitExt, Snark};
+#[cfg(feature = "display")]
+use ark_std::{end_timer, start_timer};
+use halo2_base::halo2_proofs;
+use halo2_base::halo2_proofs::halo2curves::bn256::Fr;
+use halo2_proofs::{halo2curves::bn256::Bn256, poly::kzg::commitment::ParamsKZG};
+use itertools::Itertools;
+use rand::Rng;
+
+/// Inputs:
+/// - kzg parameters
+/// - a list of input snarks
+/// - rng
+/// 
+/// Outputs:
+/// - the evm byte code to verify the proof
+/// - the instances 
+/// - the actual serialized proof
+pub fn gen_two_layer_evm_verifier<'params>(
+    params: &'params ParamsKZG<Bn256>,
+    input_snarks: Vec<Snark>,
+    rng: &mut (impl Rng + Send),
+) -> (Vec<u8>, Vec<Vec<Fr>>, Vec<u8>) {
+    let timer = start_timer!(|| "begin two layer recursions");
+    // ===============================================
+    // first layer
+    // ===============================================
+    // use a wide config to aggregate snarks
+    std::env::set_var("VERIFY_CONFIG", "./configs/two_layer_recursion_first_layer.config");
+
+    let layer_1_snark = {
+        let layer_1_circuit = AggregationCircuit::new(&params, input_snarks, rng);
+        let layer_1_pk = gen_pk(&params, &layer_1_circuit, None);
+        gen_snark_shplonk(&params, &layer_1_pk, layer_1_circuit.clone(), rng, None::<String>)
+    };
+
+    log::trace!("Finished layer 1 snark generation");
+
+    // ===============================================
+    // second layer
+    // ===============================================
+    // use a skim config to aggregate snarks
+
+    std::env::set_var("VERIFY_CONFIG", "./configs/two_layer_recursion_second_layer.config");
+
+    let layer_2_circuit = AggregationCircuit::new(&params, [layer_1_snark], rng);
+    let layer_2_pk = gen_pk(&params, &layer_2_circuit, None);
+
+    let snark = gen_evm_proof_shplonk(
+        &params,
+        &layer_2_pk,
+        layer_2_circuit.clone(),
+        layer_2_circuit.instances(),
+        rng,
+    );
+    // ===============================================
+    // bytecode
+    // ===============================================
+    let num_instance = layer_2_circuit.instances().iter().map(|x| x.len()).collect_vec();
+
+    let bytecode = gen_evm_verifier_shplonk::<AggregationCircuit>(
+        params,
+        layer_2_pk.get_vk(),
+        num_instance,
+        None,
+    );
+
+    log::trace!("Finished layer 2 snark generation");
+    end_timer!(timer);
+    (bytecode, layer_2_circuit.instances(), snark)
+}
+
+/// Generate the EVM bytecode and the proofs for the 4 layer recursion circuit
+/// 
+/// Input
+/// - kzg parameters
+/// - a list of input snarks
+/// - rng
+/// 
+/// Output
+/// - the evm byte code to verify the proof
+/// - the instances 
+/// - the actual serialized proof
+pub fn gen_evm_four_layer_recursive_snark<'params>(
+    params: &'params ParamsKZG<Bn256>,
+    input_snark_vecs: Vec<Vec<Snark>>,
+    rng: &mut (impl Rng + Send),
+) -> (Vec<u8>, Vec<Vec<Fr>>, Vec<u8>) {
+    let timer = start_timer!(|| "begin two layer recursions");
+
+    let mut snarks = vec![];
+    let len = input_snark_vecs[0].len();
+    let inner_timer = start_timer!(|| "inner layers");
+    for input_snarks in input_snark_vecs.iter() {
+        assert_eq!(len, input_snarks.len());
+
+        let snark = gen_two_layer_recursive_snark(params, input_snarks.clone(), rng);
+        snarks.push(snark);
+    }
+    end_timer!(inner_timer);
+
+    let outer_timer = start_timer!(|| "outer layers");
+    let (bytecode, instances, snark) = gen_two_layer_evm_verifier(params, snarks, rng);
+    end_timer!(outer_timer);
+
+    end_timer!(timer);
+    (bytecode, instances, snark)
+}
diff --git a/snark-verifier-sdk/src/multi_batch/halo2.rs b/snark-verifier-sdk/src/multi_batch/halo2.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1f539d3e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/snark-verifier-sdk/src/multi_batch/halo2.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+use crate::gen_pk;
+use crate::halo2::aggregation::AggregationCircuit;
+use crate::halo2::gen_snark_shplonk;
+use crate::Snark;
+#[cfg(feature = "display")]
+use ark_std::{end_timer, start_timer};
+use halo2_base::halo2_proofs;
+use halo2_proofs::{halo2curves::bn256::Bn256, poly::kzg::commitment::ParamsKZG};
+use rand::Rng;
+
+/// Inputs:
+/// - kzg parameters
+/// - a list of input snarks
+/// - rng
+/// 
+/// Outputs:
+// -
+// - a SNARK which is a snark **proof** of statement s, where
+//   - s: I have seen the proofs for all circuits c1,...ck
+pub fn gen_two_layer_recursive_snark<'params>(
+    params: &'params ParamsKZG<Bn256>,
+    input_snarks: Vec<Snark>,
+    rng: &mut (impl Rng + Send),
+) -> Snark {
+    let timer = start_timer!(|| "begin two layer recursions");
+    // ===============================================
+    // first layer
+    // ===============================================
+    // use a wide config to aggregate snarks
+
+    std::env::set_var("VERIFY_CONFIG", "./configs/two_layer_recursion_first_layer.config");
+
+    let layer_1_snark = {
+        let layer_1_circuit = AggregationCircuit::new(&params, input_snarks, rng);
+        let layer_1_pk = gen_pk(&params, &layer_1_circuit, None);
+        gen_snark_shplonk(&params, &layer_1_pk, layer_1_circuit.clone(), rng, None::<String>)
+    };
+
+    log::trace!("Finished layer 1 snark generation");
+    // ===============================================
+    // second layer
+    // ===============================================
+    // use a skim config to aggregate snarks
+
+    std::env::set_var("VERIFY_CONFIG", "./configs/two_layer_recursion_second_layer.config");
+
+    let layer_2_circuit = AggregationCircuit::new(&params, [layer_1_snark], rng);
+    let layer_2_pk = gen_pk(&params, &layer_2_circuit, None);
+
+    let snark =
+        gen_snark_shplonk(&params, &layer_2_pk, layer_2_circuit.clone(), rng, None::<String>);
+
+    log::trace!("Finished layer 2 snark generation");
+    end_timer!(timer);
+    snark
+}
+
+pub fn gen_four_layer_recursive_snark<'params>(
+    params: &'params ParamsKZG<Bn256>,
+    input_snark_vecs: Vec<Vec<Snark>>,
+    rng: &mut (impl Rng + Send),
+) -> Snark {
+    let timer = start_timer!(|| "begin two layer recursions");
+
+    let mut snarks = vec![];
+    let len = input_snark_vecs[0].len();
+    let inner_timer = start_timer!(|| "inner layers");
+    for input_snarks in input_snark_vecs.iter() {
+        assert_eq!(len, input_snarks.len());
+
+        let snark = gen_two_layer_recursive_snark(params, input_snarks.clone(), rng);
+        snarks.push(snark);
+    }
+    end_timer!(inner_timer);
+
+    let outer_timer = start_timer!(|| "outer layers");
+    let snark = gen_two_layer_recursive_snark(params, snarks, rng);
+    end_timer!(outer_timer);
+
+    end_timer!(timer);
+    snark
+}
diff --git a/snark-verifier-sdk/src/tests/mod.rs b/snark-verifier-sdk/src/tests/mod.rs
index 3ab6481f..e42c4598 100644
--- a/snark-verifier-sdk/src/tests/mod.rs
+++ b/snark-verifier-sdk/src/tests/mod.rs
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ use test_circuit_1::TestCircuit1;
 use test_circuit_2::TestCircuit2;
 
 mod evm_verifier;
+mod multi_batch_aggregation;
 mod single_layer_aggregation;
 mod test_circuit_1;
 mod test_circuit_2;
diff --git a/snark-verifier-sdk/src/tests/multi_batch_aggregation.rs b/snark-verifier-sdk/src/tests/multi_batch_aggregation.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..439d9844
--- /dev/null
+++ b/snark-verifier-sdk/src/tests/multi_batch_aggregation.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+use super::TestCircuit1;
+use crate::evm::evm_verify;
+use crate::multi_batch::{gen_two_layer_recursive_snark, gen_evm_four_layer_recursive_snark};
+use crate::Snark;
+use crate::{gen_pk, halo2::gen_snark_shplonk};
+use ark_std::test_rng;
+use halo2_base::halo2_proofs;
+use halo2_proofs::poly::commitment::Params;
+use snark_verifier::loader::halo2::halo2_ecc::halo2_base::utils::fs::gen_srs;
+
+#[test]
+fn test_partial_multi_batch_aggregation() {
+    let k = 8;
+
+    // let config = MultiBatchConfig::new(k, k_layer_1, k_layer_2);
+    println!("finished configurations");
+    let mut rng = test_rng();
+    let params = gen_srs(26 as u32);
+    let mut param_inner = params.clone();
+    param_inner.downsize(k as u32);
+    println!("finished SRS generation");
+
+    let circuits: Vec<_> = (0..2).map(|_| TestCircuit1::rand(&mut rng)).collect();
+    let pk = gen_pk(&param_inner, &circuits[0], None);
+    println!("finished pk and circuits generation");
+
+    // ===============================================
+    // convert input circuits to snarks
+    // ===============================================
+    let input_snarks: Vec<Snark> = {
+        let k = pk.get_vk().get_domain().k();
+        println!("inner circuit k = {}", k);
+        circuits
+            .iter()
+            .map(|circuit| {
+                gen_snark_shplonk::<TestCircuit1>(
+                    &param_inner,
+                    &pk,
+                    circuit.clone(),
+                    &mut rng,
+                    None::<String>,
+                )
+            })
+            .collect()
+    };
+    println!("Finished input snark generation");
+
+    let _snark = gen_two_layer_recursive_snark(&params, input_snarks, &mut rng);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_full_multi_batch_aggregation() {
+    let k = 8;
+
+    // let config = MultiBatchConfig::new(k, k_layer_1, k_layer_2);
+    println!("finished configurations");
+    let mut rng = test_rng();
+    let params = gen_srs(26 as u32);
+    let mut param_inner = params.clone();
+    param_inner.downsize(k as u32);
+    println!("finished SRS generation");
+
+    let circuit_vecs: Vec<Vec<_>> =
+        (0..2).map(|_| (0..2).map(|_| TestCircuit1::rand(&mut rng)).collect()).collect();
+    let pk = gen_pk(&param_inner, &circuit_vecs[0][0], None);
+    println!("finished pk and circuits generation");
+
+    // ===============================================
+    // convert input circuits to snarks
+    // ===============================================
+    let input_snarks: Vec<Vec<Snark>> = {
+        let k = pk.get_vk().get_domain().k();
+        println!("inner circuit k = {}", k);
+        circuit_vecs
+            .iter()
+            .map(|circuits| {
+                circuits
+                    .iter()
+                    .map(|circuit| {
+                        gen_snark_shplonk::<TestCircuit1>(
+                            &param_inner,
+                            &pk,
+                            circuit.clone(),
+                            &mut rng,
+                            None::<String>,
+                        )
+                    })
+                    .collect()
+            })
+            .collect()
+    };
+    println!("Finished input snark generation");
+
+    let (byte_code, instances, proof) = gen_evm_four_layer_recursive_snark(&params, input_snarks, &mut rng);
+
+    evm_verify(byte_code, instances, proof)
+
+}