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<!doctype html>
<html lang=en-us
data-issue-url="https://github.com/w3c/webdriver/"
data-issue-param-milestone="Level 1">
<meta charset=utf-8>
<title>WebDriver</title>
<script src=https://www.w3.org/Tools/respec/respec-w3c defer class=remove></script>
<script class=remove>
var respecConfig = {
specStatus: "ED",
shortName: "webdriver2",
testSuiteURI: "https://wpt.live/webdriver/",
implementationReportURI: "https://wpt.fyi/results/webdriver",
github: {
repoURL: "https://github.com/w3c/webdriver/",
branch: "master",
},
editors: [
{
name: "Simon Stewart", url: "http://www.rocketpoweredjetpants.com/",
company: "Apple", companyURL: "https://www.apple.com",
w3cid: "50228"
},
{
name: "David Burns", url: "http://www.theautomatedtester.co.uk/",
company: "BrowserStack", companyURL: "https://www.browserstack.com",
w3cid: "50184"
}
],
otherLinks: [{
key: "Channel",
data: [
{value: "#webdriver on irc.w3.org", href: "https://www.w3.org/wiki/IRC"},
]
}],
localBiblio: {
"RFC6265bis": {
"authors": [
"M. West",
"J. Wilander"
],
"href": "https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-httpbis-rfc6265bis-05",
"title": "Cookies: HTTP State Management Mechanism",
"status": "Draft",
"publisher": "IETF"
}
},
group: "browser-tools-testing",
noIDLSorting: true,
mdn: "webdriver",
xref: "web-platform",
};
</script>
<script src=issue.js></script>
<style>
/* ul.brief to create inline comma separated lists */
ul.brief::before {
content: '\21D2\A0';
font: 1.2em/1.45 Helvetica Neue, sans-serif;
}
ul.brief li { display: inline }
ul.brief li::after { content: ", " }
ul.brief li:last-child::after { content: "" }
/* dl.subcategories when the definition list subdivides a definition */
dl.subcategories { margin-left: 2em }
</style>
<body data-cite="CSSOM-VIEW GEOMETRY-1">
<section id=abstract>
<p>
WebDriver is a remote control interface
that enables introspection and control of user agents.
It provides a platform- and language-neutral wire protocol
as a way for out-of-process programs
to remotely instruct the behavior of web browsers.
<p>
Provided is a set of interfaces
to discover and manipulate DOM elements in web documents
and to control the behavior of a user agent.
It is primarily intended to allow web authors to write tests
that automate a user agent from a separate controlling process,
but may also be used in such a way as to allow in-browser scripts
to control a — possibly separate — browser.
</section>
<!-- ReSpec complains if removed completely -->
<section id=sotd></section>
<section class=informative>
<h2>Design</h2>
<p>
The WebDriver standard attempts to follow a number of design goals:
<section>
<h3>Compatibility</h3>
<p>
This specification is derived from the popular
<a href=https://selenium.dev>Selenium WebDriver</a> browser automation framework.
Selenium is a long-lived project,
and due to its age and breadth of use
it has a wide range of expected functionality.
This specification uses these expectations to inform its design.
Where improvements or clarifications have been made,
they have been made with care to allow existing users of Selenium WebDriver
to avoid unexpected breakages.
</section>
<section>
<h3>Simplicity</h3>
<p>
The largest intended group of users of this specification
are software developers and testers
writing automated tests and other tooling,
such as monitoring or load testing, that relies on automating a browser.
As such, care has been taken to provide commands
that simplify common tasks such as <a data-lt="Element Send Keys">typing into</a>
and <a data-lt="Element Click">clicking</a> elements.
</section>
<section>
<h3>Extensions</h3>
<p>
WebDriver provides a mechanism for others to define extensions to the protocol
for the purposes of automating functionality that cannot be implemented entirely
in <a href=https://tc39.github.io/ecma262/>ECMAScript</a>. This allows other
web standards to support the automation of new platform features. It also
allows vendors to expose functionality that is specific to their browser.
</section>
</section> <!-- /Design Notes -->
<section id="conformance">
<p>
Conformance requirements phrased as algorithms
or specific steps may be implemented in any manner,
so long as the end result is equivalent.
Algorithms in this document are typically written with readability,
rather than performance, in mind.
</section>
<section>
<h2>Terminology</h2>
<p>
In equations, all numbers are integers,
addition is represented by “+”,
subtraction by “−”,
division by “÷”,
and bitwise OR by “|”.
The characters “(” and “)” are used to provide logical grouping in these contexts.
<p>
The mathematical function
<dfn>min</dfn>(<var>value</var>, <var>value</var>[, <var>value</var>])
returns the smallest item of two or more values.
Conversely, the function
<dfn>max</dfn>(<var>value</var>, <var>value</var>[, <var>value</var>])
returns the largest item of two or more values.
<p>
The mathematical function <dfn>floor</dfn>(<var>value</var>)
produces the largest integer, closest to positive infinity,
that is not larger than <var>value</var>.
<p>
A <dfn data-lt=uuid>Universally Unique Identifier (UUID)</dfn>
is a 128 bits long URN that requires no central registration process.
<dfn>Generating a UUID</dfn> means
<i>Creating a UUID From Truly Random or Pseudo-Random Numbers</i>,
and converting it to the string representation.
[[RFC4122]]
<p>
The <dfn data-lt="Unix timestamp">Unix Epoch</dfn>
is a value that approximates the number of seconds
that have elapsed since the Epoch,
as described by The Open Group Base Specifications Issue 7
<a href=https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/basedefs/V1_chap04.html#tag_04_15>section 4.15</a> (IEEE Std 1003.1).
<p>
An <dfn>integer</dfn> is a <a>Number</a> that is unchanged
under the <a>ToInteger</a> operation.
<p>
The <dfn>initial value</dfn> of an ECMAScript property
is the value defined by the platform for that property,
i.e. the value it would have in the absence of any shadowing by content script.
<!--
‘Chrome’ definition is borrowed
from Web Security Context: User Interface Guidelines:
https://www.w3.org/TR/wsc-ui/#def-chrome
-->
<p>
The <dfn>browser chrome</dfn> is a non-normative term
to refer to the representation through which the user
interacts with the user agent itself,
as distinct from the accessed web content.
Examples of <dfn data-lt="browser chrome element">browser chrome elements</dfn>
include, but are not limited to,
toolbars (such as the bookmark toolbar),
menus (such as the file or context menu),
buttons (such as the back and forward buttons),
door hangers (such as security and certificate indicators),
and decorations (such as operating system widget borders).
</section> <!-- /Terminology -->
<section>
<h2>Interface</h2>
<p>
The <dfn>webdriver-active flag</dfn>
is set to true when the user agent is under remote control.
It is initially false.
<pre class=idl>
interface mixin NavigatorAutomationInformation {
readonly attribute boolean webdriver;
};
Navigator includes NavigatorAutomationInformation;
</pre>
<p class=note>
The {{NavigatorAutomationInformation}} interface
should not be exposed on {{WorkerNavigator}}.
<dl>
<dt><dfn>webdriver</dfn>
<dd>
<p>Returns true if <a>webdriver-active flag</a> is set, false otherwise.
</dl>
<aside class=example>
<p>
For web authors (non-normative):
<dl>
<dt><code>navigator</code>.<a><code>webdriver</code></a>
<dd><p>
Defines a standard way for co-operating user agents
to inform the document that it is controlled by WebDriver,
for example so that alternate code paths can be triggered during automation.
</dl>
</aside>
<p style="display: none">
It is acknowledged that this is complementary to the Evil Bit [[RFC3514]].
</section>
<section>
<h2>Nodes</h2>
<p>The WebDriver protocol consists of communication between:
<dl>
<dt><dfn data-lt="local ends|local">Local end</dfn>
<dd><p>The local end represents the client side of the protocol,
which is usually in the form of language-specific libraries
providing an API on top of the WebDriver <a href=#protocol>protocol</a>.
This specification does not place any restrictions on the details of those libraries
above the level of the wire protocol.
<dt><dfn data-lt="remote ends|remote">Remote end</dfn>
<dd>The remote end hosts the server side of the <a href=#protocol>protocol</a>.
Defining the behavior of a remote end in response to the WebDriver protocol
forms the largest part of this specification.
</dl>
<p>For <a>remote ends</a> the standard defines two broad conformance
classes, known as <dfn data-lt="node type">node types</dfn>:
<dl>
<dt><dfn data-lt="intermediary nodes">Intermediary node</dfn>
<dd>Intermediary nodes are those that act as proxies, implementing
both the <a>local end</a> and <a>remote end</a> of
the <a href=#protocol>protocol</a>. However they are not expected
to implement <a>remote end steps</a> directly. All nodes between a
specific <a>intermediary node</a> and a <a>local end</a> are said to
be <dfn data-lt="downstream node">downstream</dfn> of that
node. Conversely, any nodes between a specific <a>intermediary
node</a> and an <a>endpoint node</a> are said to
be <dfn data-lt="upstream node">upstream</dfn>.
<dt><dfn>Endpoint node</dfn>
<dd>An endpoint node is the final <a>remote end</a>
in a chain of nodes that is not an <a>intermediary node</a>.
The endpoint node is implemented by a user agent or a similar program.
</dl>
<p>All remote end <a>node types</a> must be black-box indistinguishable
from a <a>remote end</a>, from the point of view of <a>local end</a>,
and so are bound by the requirements on a <a>remote end</a> in terms
of the wire protocol.
<p>
The <dfn>readiness state</dfn> of a <a>remote end</a>
indicates whether it is free to accept new connections.
It must be false if the maximum <a>active sessions</a>
is equal to the length of the list of <a>active sessions</a>,
or if the node is an <a>intermediary node</a>
and is known to be in a state in which attempting to create <a>new sessions</a> would fail.
In all other cases it must be true.
<p class=example>If the <a>intermediary node</a>
is a multiplexer that manages
multiple <a data-lt="endpoint node">endpoint nodes</a>,
this might indicate its ability to purvey more <a>sessions</a>,
for example if it has hit its maximum capacity.
</section> <!-- /Nodes -->
<section>
<h2>Protocol</h2>
<p>WebDriver <a>remote ends</a> must provide
an <a>HTTP compliant</a> wire protocol
where the <a>endpoints</a> map to different <a>commands</a>.
<p>As this standard only defines the <a>remote end</a> protocol,
it puts no demands to how <a>local ends</a> should be implemented.
<a>Local ends</a> are only expected to be compatible to the extent
that they can speak the <a>remote end</a>’s protocol;
no requirements are made upon their exposed user-facing API.
<section>
<h3>Algorithms</h3>
<p>Various parts of this specification are written in terms of step-by-step algorithms.
The details of these algorithms do not have any normative significance;
implementations are free to adopt any implementation strategy
that produces equivalent output to the specification.
In particular, algorithms in this document are optimized
for readability rather than performance.
<p>Where algorithms that return values are fallible,
they are written in terms of returning either
<dfn class="export">success</dfn> or <dfn class="export">error</dfn>.
A <a>success</a> value has an associated <var>data</var> field
which encapsulates the value returned,
whereas an <a>error</a> response has an associated <a>error code</a>.
<p>When calling a fallible algorithm,
the construct “Let <var>result</var> be the result
of <dfn data-lt="try">trying</dfn> to call <var>algorithm</var>”
is equivalent to
<ol>
<li><p>Let <var>temp</var> be the result of calling <var>algorithm</var>.
<li><p>If <var>temp</var> is an <a>error</a> return <var>temp</var>,
otherwise let <var>result</var> be <var>temp</var>’s <var>data</var> field.
</ol>
<p>The result of <dfn data-lt="getting properties|getting the
property">getting a property</dfn> with <var>name</var>
from <var>object</var> is defined as being the same as the result of
calling <a>Object.[[\GetOwnProperty]]</a>(<var>name</var>) on <var>object</var>.
<p>The result of <dfn data-lt="getting the property with
default">getting a property with default</dfn> with
arguments <var>name</var> and <var>default</var>
from <var>object</var> is defined as being the same as the result of
calling
<a>Object.[[\GetOwnProperty]]</a>(<var>name</var>)
on <var>object</var> if that results in a value other
than <code>undefined</code> and <var>default</var> otherwise.
<p><dfn data-lt='set a property'>Setting a property</dfn> with
arguments <var>name</var> and <var>value</var> on <var>object</var>
is defined as being the same as calling
<a>Object.[[\Put]]</a>(<var>name</var>, <var>value</var>) on <var>object</var>.
<p>The result of <dfn>JSON serialization</dfn> with <var>object</var>
of type JSON <a>Object</a> is defined as the result of
calling <a>stringify</a>(<var>object</var>).
<p>The result of <dfn data-lt='parsing as json'>JSON deserialization</dfn> with <var>text</var> is defined as
the result of calling <a>parse</a>(<var>text</var>).
</section> <!-- /Algorithms -->
<section>
<h3>Commands</h3>
<p>
The WebDriver protocol is organized into <a>commands</a>.
Each <a>HTTP request</a> with a method and template defined in this specification
represents a single <dfn data-lt=commands>command</dfn>,
and therefore each command produces a single <a>HTTP response</a>.
<p>
In response to a <a>command</a>,
a <a>remote end</a> will run a series of actions
known as <dfn class="export">remote end steps</dfn>.
These provide the sequences of actions that a <a>remote end</a> takes
when it receives a particular <a>command</a>.
</section>
<section>
<h3>Processing model</h3>
<p>The <a>remote end</a> is an HTTP server
reading requests from the client and writing responses,
typically over a TCP socket.
For the purposes of this specification we model the data transmission between
a particular <a>local end</a> and <a>remote end</a> with a <dfn>connection</dfn>
to which the <a>remote end</a> may <dfn>write bytes</dfn> and <dfn>read bytes</dfn>.
However the exact details of how this <a>connection</a> works
and how it is established are out of scope.
<p>After such a <a>connection</a> has been established,
a <a>remote end</a> must run the following steps:</p>
<ol>
<li><p><a>Read bytes</a> from the <a>connection</a> until a
complete <a>HTTP request</a> can be constructed from the data.
Let <var>request</var> be a <a>request</a> constructed from the
received data, according to the requirements of [[RFC7230]]. If it
is not possible to construct a complete <a>HTTP request</a>,
the <a>remote end</a> must either close the <a>connection</a>,
return an HTTP response with status code 500, or return
an <a>error</a> with <a>error code</a> <a>unknown error</a>.
<li><p>Let <var>request match</var> be the result of the algorithm
to <a>match a request</a> with <var>request</var>’s
<a>method</a> and <a>URL</a> as arguments.
<li><p>If <var>request match</var> is of type <a>error</a>,
<a>send an error</a> with <var>request match</var>’s <a>error code</a>
and jump to step 1.
<p>Otherwise, let <var>command</var> and <var>command parameters</var>
be <var>request match</var>’s data. Let <var>url variables</var> be a
<a>url variables</a> dictionary mapping the <var>command parameters</var>
to their corresponding values.
<li><p>If <var>session id</var> is among the variables defined by <var>command parameters</var>:
<p class=note>This condition is intended to exclude the <a>New Session</a> and <a>Status</a>
<a>commands</a> and any <a>extension commands</a> which do not operate on a particular <a>session</a>.
<ol>
<li><p>Let <var>session id</var> be the corresponding variable
from <var>command parameters</var>.
<li><p>Let the <a>current session</a> be the <a>session</a>
with <a data-lt="session id">ID</a> <var>session id</var>
in the list of <a>active sessions</a>,
or <a><code>null</code></a> if there is no such matching <a>session</a>.
<li><p>If the <a>current session</a> is <a><code>null</code></a>
<a>send an error</a> with <a>error code</a> <a>invalid session id</a>,
then jump to step 1 in this overall algorithm.
<li><p>If the <a>current session</a> is not <a><code>null</code></a>:
<ol>
<li><p>Enqueue <var>request</var>
in the <a>current session</a>’s <a>request queue</a>.
<li><p>Wait until the first element
in the <a>current session</a>’s <a>request queue</a>
is <var>request</var>:
<li><p>Dequeue <var>request</var> from the <a>current session</a>’s <a>request queue</a>.
<li><p>If the list of <a>active sessions</a> no longer contains the <a>current session</a>,
set the <a>current session</a> to <a><code>null</code></a>.
</ol>
</ol>
<li><p>If <var>request</var>’s <a>method</a> is POST:
<ol>
<li><p>Let <var>parse result</var> be the result of
<a>parsing as JSON</a> with <var>request</var>’s
<a>body</a> as the argument. If this process throws an exception,
return an <a>error</a> with <a>error code</a> <a>invalid
argument</a> and jump back to step 1 in this overall algorithm.
<li><p>If <var>parse result</var> is not an <a>Object</a>,
<a>send an error</a> with <a>error code</a> <a>invalid argument</a>
and jump back to step 1 in this overall algorithm.
<p>Otherwise, let <var>parameters</var> be <var>parse result</var>.
</ol>
<p>Otherwise, let <var>parameters</var> be <a><code>null</code></a>.
<li><p><a>Wait for navigation to complete</a>. If this returns
an <a>error</a> <a data-lt="send an error">return its value</a> and
jump to step 1 in this overall algorithm, otherwise continue.
<li><p>Let <var>response result</var> be the return value
obtained by running the <a>remote end steps</a> for <var>command</var>
with an argument named <var>url variables</var> whose value is
<var>url variables</var> and an
additional argument named <var>parameters</var> whose value is
<var>parameters</var>.
<li><p>If <var>response result</var> is an <a>error</a>,
<a>send an error</a> with <a>error code</a>
equal to <var>response result</var>’s <a>error code</a>
and jump back to step 1 in this overall algorithm.
<p>Otherwise, if <var>response result</var> is a <a>success</a>,
let <var>response data</var> be <var>response result</var>’s data.
<li><p><a>Send a response</a> with status 200 and <var>response data</var>.
<li><p>Jump to step 1.
</ol>
<p>When required to <dfn>send an error</dfn>,
with <var>error code</var>
and an optional <var>error data</var> dictionary,
a <a>remote end</a> must run the following steps:</p>
<ol>
<li><p>Let <var>status</var> and <var>name</var>
be the <a>error response data</a> for <var>error code</var>.
<li><p>Let <var>message</var> be an implementation-defined string
containing a human-readable description of the reason for the error.
<li><p>Let <var>stacktrace</var> be an implementation-defined string
containing a stack trace report of the active stack frames
at the time when the error occurred.
<p>Let <var>body</var> be a new JSON <a>Object</a>
initialized with the following properties:
<dl>
<dt>"<code>error</code>"
<dd><var>name</var>
<dt>"<code>message</code>"
<dd><var>message</var>
<dt>"<code>stacktrace</code>"
<dd><var>stacktrace</var>
</dl>
<li><p>If the <a>error data</a> dictionary contains any entries,
set the "<code>data</code>" field on <var>body</var>
to a new JSON <a>Object</a> populated with the dictionary.
<li><p><a>Send a response</a> with <var>status</var>
and <var>body</var> as arguments.
</ol>
<p>When required to <dfn>send a response</dfn>,
with arguments <var>status</var> and <var>data</var>,
a <a>remote end</a> must run the following steps:
<ol>
<li><p>Let <var>response</var> be a new <a>response</a>.
<li><p>Set <var>response</var>’s <a>HTTP status</a> to <var>status</var>,
and <a>status message</a> to the string corresponding
to the description of <var>status</var> in the <a>status code registry</a>.
<li><p><a data-lt="set header">Set</a> the <var>response</var>’s <a>header</a>
with <a data-lt="header name">name</a>
and <a data-lt="header value">value</a>
with the following values:
<dl>
<dt><code>Content-Type</code>
<dd>"<code>application/json; charset=utf-8</code>"
<dt><code>Cache-Control</code>
<dd>"<code>no-cache</code>"
</dl>
<li><p>Let <var>response</var>’s <a>body</a> be
the <a data-lt="utf-8 encode">UTF-8 encoded</a> <a>JSON
serialization</a> of a JSON <a>Object</a> with a key
"<code>value</code>" set to <var>data</var>.
<li><p>Let <var>response bytes</var> be the byte sequence resulting
from serializing <var>response</var> according to the rules in [[RFC7230]].
<li><p><a data-lt="write bytes">Write</a> <var>response bytes</var>
to the <a>connection</a>.
</ol>
<p>A <dfn data-lt="url variables">url variable</dfn> dictionary is defined
as the mapping of a <a>command</a>’s <a>URI template</a> variable names
to their corresponding values.
</section> <!-- /Processing model -->
<section>
<h3>Routing requests</h3>
<p><dfn data-lt="routing requests">Request routing</dfn>
is the process of going from a <a>HTTP request</a>
to the <a data-lt="remote end steps">series of steps</a> needed
to implement the <a>command</a> represented by that request.
<p>A <a>remote end</a> has an associated <dfn>URL prefix</dfn>,
which is used as a prefix on all WebDriver-defined URLs on that <a>remote end</a>.
This must either be <a>undefined</a> or a <a>path-absolute URL</a>.
<aside class=example>
<p>For example a <a>remote end</a> wishing
to run alongside other services on <code>example.com</code>
might set its <a>URL prefix</a> to <code>/wd</code>
so that a <a>new session</a> <a>command</a> would be invoked
by sending a POST request to <code>/wd/session</code>,
rather than <code>/session</code>.
</aside>
<p>In order to <dfn>match a request</dfn> given
a <a><var>method</var></a> and <a><var>URL</var></a>,
the following steps must be taken:
<ol>
<li><p>Let <var>endpoints</var> be a list
containing each row in the <a>table of endpoints</a>.
<li><p>Remove each entry from <var>endpoints</var>
for which the concatenation of the <a>URL prefix</a>
and the entry’s <a>URI template</a>
does not match <var>URL</var>’s <a>path</a>.
<li><p>If there are no entries in <var>endpoints</var>,
return <a>error</a> with <a>error code</a> <a>unknown command</a>.
<li><p>Remove each entry in <var>endpoints</var>
for which the <i>method</i> column
is not equal to <var>method</var>.
<li><p>If there are no entries in <var>endpoints</var>,
return <a>error</a> with <a>error code</a> <a>unknown method</a>.
<li><p>There is now exactly one entry in <var>endpoints</var>;
let <var>entry</var> be this entry.
<li><p>Let <var>parameters</var> be the result of extracting the variables
from <var>URL</var> using <var>entry</var>’s <a>URI template</a>.
<li><p>Let <var>command</var> be <var>entry</var>’s <a>command</a>.
<li><p>Return <a>success</a> with data
<var>command</var> and <var>parameters</var>.
</ol>
</section> <!-- /Routing requests -->
<section>
<h3>Endpoints</h3>
<p>The following <dfn data-lt=endpoints>table of endpoints</dfn> lists
the <a>method</a> and <a>URI template</a> for each <a>endpoint
node</a> <a>command</a>. <a>Extension commands</a> are implicitly
appended to this table.
<table class=simple>
<tr>
<th>Method</th>
<th>URI Template</th>
<th>Command</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>POST</td>
<td>/session</td>
<td><a>New Session</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>DELETE</td>
<td>/session/{<var>session id</var>}</td>
<td><a>Delete Session</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>GET</td>
<td>/status</td>
<td><a>Status</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>GET</td>
<td>/session/{<var>session id</var>}/timeouts</td>
<td><a>Get Timeouts</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>POST</td>
<td>/session/{<var>session id</var>}/timeouts</td>
<td><a>Set Timeouts</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>POST</td>
<td>/session/{<var>session id</var>}/url</td>
<td><a>Navigate To</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>GET</td>
<td>/session/{<var>session id</var>}/url</td>
<td><a>Get Current URL</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>POST</td>
<td>/session/{<var>session id</var>}/back</td>
<td><a>Back</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>POST</td>
<td>/session/{<var>session id</var>}/forward</td>
<td><a>Forward</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>POST</td>
<td>/session/{<var>session id</var>}/refresh</td>
<td><a>Refresh</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>GET</td>
<td>/session/{<var>session id</var>}/title</td>
<td><a>Get Title</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>GET</td>
<td>/session/{<var>session id</var>}/window</td>
<td><a>Get Window Handle</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>DELETE</td>
<td>/session/{<var>session id</var>}/window</td>
<td><a>Close Window</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>POST</td>
<td>/session/{<var>session id</var>}/window</td>
<td><a>Switch To Window</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>GET</td>
<td>/session/{<var>session id</var>}/window/handles</td>
<td><a>Get Window Handles</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>POST</td>
<td>/session/{<var>session id</var>}/window/new</td>
<td><a>New Window</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>POST</td>
<td>/session/{<var>session id</var>}/frame</td>
<td><a>Switch To Frame</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>POST</td>
<td>/session/{<var>session id</var>}/frame/parent</td>
<td><a>Switch To Parent Frame</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>GET</td>
<td>/session/{<var>session id</var>}/window/rect</td>
<td><a>Get Window Rect</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>POST</td>
<td>/session/{<var>session id</var>}/window/rect</td>
<td><a>Set Window Rect</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>POST</td>
<td>/session/{<var>session id</var>}/window/maximize</td>
<td><a>Maximize Window</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>POST</td>
<td>/session/{<var>session id</var>}/window/minimize</td>
<td><a>Minimize Window</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>POST</td>
<td>/session/{<var>session id</var>}/window/fullscreen</td>
<td><a>Fullscreen Window</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>GET</td>
<td>/session/{<var>session id</var>}/element/active</td>
<td><a>Get Active Element</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>GET</td>
<td>/session/{<var>session id</var>}/element/{<var>element id</var>}/shadow</td>
<td><a>Get Element Shadow Root</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>POST</td>
<td>/session/{<var>session id</var>}/element</td>
<td><a>Find Element</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>POST</td>
<td>/session/{<var>session id</var>}/elements</td>
<td><a>Find Elements</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>POST</td>
<td>/session/{<var>session id</var>}/element/{element id}/element</td>
<td><a>Find Element From Element</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>POST</td>
<td>/session/{<var>session id</var>}/element/{element id}/elements</td>
<td><a>Find Elements From Element</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>POST</td>
<td>/session/{<var>session id</var>}/shadow/<var>{shadow id}</var>/element</td>
<td><a>Find Element From Shadow Root</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>POST</td>
<td>/session/{<var>session id</var>}/shadow/<var>{shadow id}</var>/elements</td>
<td><a>Find Elements From Shadow Root</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>GET</td>
<td>/session/{<var>session id</var>}/element/{<var>element id</var>}/selected</td>
<td><a>Is Element Selected</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>GET</td>
<td>/session/{<var>session id</var>}/element/{<var>element id</var>}/attribute/{<var>name</var>}</td>
<td><a>Get Element Attribute</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>GET</td>
<td>/session/{<var>session id</var>}/element/{<var>element id</var>}/property/{<var>name</var>}</td>
<td><a>Get Element Property</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>GET</td>
<td>/session/{<var>session id</var>}/element/{<var>element id</var>}/css/{<var>property name</var>}</td>
<td><a>Get Element CSS Value</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>GET</td>
<td>/session/{<var>session id</var>}/element/{<var>element id</var>}/text</td>
<td><a>Get Element Text</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>GET</td>
<td>/session/{<var>session id</var>}/element/{<var>element id</var>}/name</td>
<td><a>Get Element Tag Name</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>GET</td>
<td>/session/{<var>session id</var>}/element/{<var>element id</var>}/rect</td>
<td><a>Get Element Rect</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>GET</td>
<td>/session/{<var>session id</var>}/element/{<var>element id</var>}/enabled</td>
<td><a>Is Element Enabled</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>GET</td>
<td>/session/{<var>session id</var>}/element/{<var>element id</var>}/computedrole</td>
<td><a>Get Computed Role</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>GET</td>
<td>/session/{<var>session id</var>}/element/{<var>element id</var>}/computedlabel</td>
<td><a>Get Computed Label</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>POST</td>
<td>/session/{<var>session id</var>}/element/{<var>element id</var>}/click</td>
<td><a>Element Click</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>POST</td>
<td>/session/{<var>session id</var>}/element/{<var>element id</var>}/clear</td>
<td><a>Element Clear</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>POST</td>
<td>/session/{<var>session id</var>}/element/{<var>element id</var>}/value</td>
<td><a>Element Send Keys</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>GET</td>
<td>/session/{<var>session id</var>}/source</td>
<td><a>Get Page Source</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>POST</td>
<td>/session/{<var>session id</var>}/execute/sync</td>
<td><a>Execute Script</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>POST</td>
<td>/session/{<var>session id</var>}/execute/async</td>
<td><a>Execute Async Script</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>GET</td>
<td>/session/{<var>session id</var>}/cookie</td>
<td><a>Get All Cookies</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>GET</td>
<td>/session/{<var>session id</var>}/cookie/{<var>name</var>}</td>
<td><a>Get Named Cookie</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>POST</td>
<td>/session/{<var>session id</var>}/cookie</td>
<td><a>Add Cookie</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>DELETE</td>
<td>/session/{<var>session id</var>}/cookie/{<var>name</var>}</td>
<td><a>Delete Cookie</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>DELETE</td>
<td>/session/{<var>session id</var>}/cookie</td>
<td><a>Delete All Cookies</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>POST</td>
<td>/session/{<var>session id</var>}/actions</td>
<td><a>Perform Actions</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>DELETE</td>
<td>/session/{<var>session id</var>}/actions</td>
<td><a>Release Actions</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>POST</td>
<td>/session/{<var>session id</var>}/alert/dismiss</td>