scep.go

package provisioner

import (
	"context"
	"crypto"
	"crypto/rsa"
	"crypto/subtle"
	"crypto/x509"
	"encoding/pem"
	"fmt"
	"net/http"
	"time"

	"github.com/pkg/errors"

	"github.com/smallstep/linkedca"
	"go.step.sm/crypto/kms"
	kmsapi "go.step.sm/crypto/kms/apiv1"
	"go.step.sm/crypto/x509util"

	"github.com/smallstep/certificates/internal/httptransport"
	"github.com/smallstep/certificates/webhook"
)

// SCEP is the SCEP provisioner type, an entity that can authorize the
// SCEP provisioning flow
type SCEP struct {
	*base
	ID                string   `json:"-"`
	Type              string   `json:"type"`
	Name              string   `json:"name"`
	ForceCN           bool     `json:"forceCN,omitempty"`
	ChallengePassword string   `json:"challenge,omitempty"`
	Capabilities      []string `json:"capabilities,omitempty"`

	// IncludeRoot makes the provisioner return the CA root in addition to the
	// intermediate in the GetCACerts response
	IncludeRoot bool `json:"includeRoot,omitempty"`

	// ExcludeIntermediate makes the provisioner skip the intermediate CA in the
	// GetCACerts response
	ExcludeIntermediate bool `json:"excludeIntermediate,omitempty"`

	// MinimumPublicKeyLength is the minimum length for public keys in CSRs
	MinimumPublicKeyLength int `json:"minimumPublicKeyLength,omitempty"`

	// TODO(hs): also support a separate signer configuration?
	DecrypterCertificate []byte `json:"decrypterCertificate,omitempty"`
	DecrypterKeyPEM      []byte `json:"decrypterKeyPEM,omitempty"`
	DecrypterKeyURI      string `json:"decrypterKey,omitempty"`
	DecrypterKeyPassword string `json:"decrypterKeyPassword,omitempty"`

	// Numerical identifier for the ContentEncryptionAlgorithm as defined in github.com/mozilla-services/pkcs7
	// at https://github.com/mozilla-services/pkcs7/blob/33d05740a3526e382af6395d3513e73d4e66d1cb/encrypt.go#L63
	// Defaults to 0, being DES-CBC
	EncryptionAlgorithmIdentifier int      `json:"encryptionAlgorithmIdentifier,omitempty"`
	Options                       *Options `json:"options,omitempty"`
	Claims                        *Claims  `json:"claims,omitempty"`
	ctl                           *Controller
	encryptionAlgorithm           int
	challengeValidationController *challengeValidationController
	notificationController        *notificationController
	keyManager                    SCEPKeyManager
	decrypter                     crypto.Decrypter
	decrypterCertificate          *x509.Certificate
	signer                        crypto.Signer
	signerCertificate             *x509.Certificate
}

// GetID returns the provisioner unique identifier.
func (s *SCEP) GetID() string {
	if s.ID != "" {
		return s.ID
	}
	return s.GetIDForToken()
}

// GetIDForToken returns an identifier that will be used to load the provisioner
// from a token.
func (s *SCEP) GetIDForToken() string {
	return "scep/" + s.Name
}

// GetName returns the name of the provisioner.
func (s *SCEP) GetName() string {
	return s.Name
}

// GetType returns the type of provisioner.
func (s *SCEP) GetType() Type {
	return TypeSCEP
}

// GetEncryptedKey returns the base provisioner encrypted key if it's defined.
func (s *SCEP) GetEncryptedKey() (string, string, bool) {
	return "", "", false
}

// GetTokenID returns the identifier of the token.
func (s *SCEP) GetTokenID(string) (string, error) {
	return "", errors.New("scep provisioner does not implement GetTokenID")
}

// GetOptions returns the configured provisioner options.
func (s *SCEP) GetOptions() *Options {
	return s.Options
}

// DefaultTLSCertDuration returns the default TLS cert duration enforced by
// the provisioner.
func (s *SCEP) DefaultTLSCertDuration() time.Duration {
	return s.ctl.Claimer.DefaultTLSCertDuration()
}

type challengeValidationController struct {
	client        *http.Client
	wrapTransport httptransport.Wrapper
	webhooks      []*Webhook
}

// newChallengeValidationController creates a new challengeValidationController
// that performs challenge validation through webhooks.
func newChallengeValidationController(client *http.Client, tw httptransport.Wrapper, webhooks []*Webhook) *challengeValidationController {
	scepHooks := []*Webhook{}
	for _, wh := range webhooks {
		if wh.Kind != linkedca.Webhook_SCEPCHALLENGE.String() {
			continue
		}
		if !isCertTypeOK(wh) {
			continue
		}
		scepHooks = append(scepHooks, wh)
	}
	return &challengeValidationController{
		client:        client,
		wrapTransport: tw,
		webhooks:      scepHooks,
	}
}

var (
	ErrSCEPChallengeInvalid   = errors.New("webhook server did not allow request")
	ErrSCEPNotificationFailed = errors.New("scep notification failed")
)

// Validate executes zero or more configured webhooks to
// validate the SCEP challenge. If at least one of them indicates
// the challenge value is accepted, validation succeeds. In
// that case, the other webhooks will be skipped. If none of
// the webhooks indicates the value of the challenge was accepted,
// an error is returned.
func (c *challengeValidationController) Validate(ctx context.Context, csr *x509.CertificateRequest, provisionerName, challenge, transactionID string) ([]SignCSROption, error) {
	var opts []SignCSROption

	for _, wh := range c.webhooks {
		req, err := webhook.NewRequestBody(webhook.WithX509CertificateRequest(csr))
		if err != nil {
			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed creating new webhook request: %w", err)
		}
		req.ProvisionerName = provisionerName
		req.SCEPChallenge = challenge
		req.SCEPTransactionID = transactionID
		resp, err := wh.DoWithContext(ctx, c.client, c.wrapTransport, req, nil) // TODO(hs): support templated URL? Requires some refactoring
		if err != nil {
			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed executing webhook request: %w", err)
		}
		if resp.Allow {
			opts = append(opts, TemplateDataModifierFunc(func(data x509util.TemplateData) {
				data.SetWebhook(wh.Name, resp.Data)
			}))
		}
	}

	if len(opts) == 0 {
		return nil, ErrSCEPChallengeInvalid
	}

	return opts, nil
}

type notificationController struct {
	client        *http.Client
	wrapTransport httptransport.Wrapper
	webhooks      []*Webhook
}

// newNotificationController creates a new notificationController
// that performs SCEP notifications through webhooks.
func newNotificationController(client *http.Client, tw httptransport.Wrapper, webhooks []*Webhook) *notificationController {
	scepHooks := []*Webhook{}
	for _, wh := range webhooks {
		if wh.Kind != linkedca.Webhook_NOTIFYING.String() {
			continue
		}
		if !isCertTypeOK(wh) {
			continue
		}
		scepHooks = append(scepHooks, wh)
	}
	return &notificationController{
		client:        client,
		wrapTransport: tw,
		webhooks:      scepHooks,
	}
}

func (c *notificationController) Success(ctx context.Context, csr *x509.CertificateRequest, cert *x509.Certificate, transactionID string) error {
	for _, wh := range c.webhooks {
		req, err := webhook.NewRequestBody(webhook.WithX509CertificateRequest(csr), webhook.WithX509Certificate(nil, cert)) // TODO(hs): pass in the x509util.Certifiate too?
		if err != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("failed creating new webhook request: %w", err)
		}
		req.X509Certificate.Raw = cert.Raw // adding the full certificate DER bytes
		req.SCEPTransactionID = transactionID
		if _, err = wh.DoWithContext(ctx, c.client, c.wrapTransport, req, nil); err != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("failed executing webhook request: %w: %w", ErrSCEPNotificationFailed, err)
		}
	}

	return nil
}

func (c *notificationController) Failure(ctx context.Context, csr *x509.CertificateRequest, transactionID string, errorCode int, errorDescription string) error {
	for _, wh := range c.webhooks {
		req, err := webhook.NewRequestBody(webhook.WithX509CertificateRequest(csr))
		if err != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("failed creating new webhook request: %w", err)
		}
		req.SCEPTransactionID = transactionID
		req.SCEPErrorCode = errorCode
		req.SCEPErrorDescription = errorDescription
		if _, err = wh.DoWithContext(ctx, c.client, c.wrapTransport, req, nil); err != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("failed executing webhook request: %w: %w", ErrSCEPNotificationFailed, err)
		}
	}

	return nil
}

// isCertTypeOK returns whether or not the webhook can be used
// with the SCEP challenge validation webhook controller.
func isCertTypeOK(wh *Webhook) bool {
	if wh.CertType == linkedca.Webhook_ALL.String() || wh.CertType == "" {
		return true
	}
	return linkedca.Webhook_X509.String() == wh.CertType
}

// Init initializes and validates the fields of a SCEP type.
func (s *SCEP) Init(config Config) (err error) {
	switch {
	case s.Type == "":
		return errors.New("provisioner type cannot be empty")
	case s.Name == "":
		return errors.New("provisioner name cannot be empty")
	}

	// Default to 2048 bits minimum public key length (for CSRs) if not set
	if s.MinimumPublicKeyLength == 0 {
		s.MinimumPublicKeyLength = 2048
	}
	if s.MinimumPublicKeyLength%8 != 0 {
		return errors.Errorf("%d bits is not exactly divisible by 8", s.MinimumPublicKeyLength)
	}

	// Set the encryption algorithm to use
	s.encryptionAlgorithm = s.EncryptionAlgorithmIdentifier // TODO(hs): we might want to upgrade the default security to AES-CBC?
	if s.encryptionAlgorithm < 0 || s.encryptionAlgorithm > 4 {
		return errors.New("only encryption algorithm identifiers from 0 to 4 are valid")
	}

	// Prepare the SCEP challenge validator
	s.challengeValidationController = newChallengeValidationController(
		config.WebhookClient,
		config.WrapTransport,
		s.GetOptions().GetWebhooks(),
	)

	// Prepare the SCEP notification controller
	s.notificationController = newNotificationController(
		config.WebhookClient,
		config.WrapTransport,
		s.GetOptions().GetWebhooks(),
	)

	// parse the decrypter key PEM contents if available
	if len(s.DecrypterKeyPEM) > 0 {
		// try reading the PEM for validation
		block, rest := pem.Decode(s.DecrypterKeyPEM)
		if len(rest) > 0 {
			return errors.New("failed parsing decrypter key: trailing data")
		}
		if block == nil {
			return errors.New("failed parsing decrypter key: no PEM block found")
		}

		opts := kms.Options{
			Type: kmsapi.SoftKMS,
		}
		km, err := kms.New(context.Background(), opts)
		if err != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("failed initializing kms: %w", err)
		}
		scepKeyManager, ok := km.(SCEPKeyManager)
		if !ok {
			return fmt.Errorf("%q is not a kmsapi.Decrypter", opts.Type)
		}
		s.keyManager = scepKeyManager

		if s.decrypter, err = s.keyManager.CreateDecrypter(&kmsapi.CreateDecrypterRequest{
			DecryptionKeyPEM: s.DecrypterKeyPEM,
			Password:         []byte(s.DecrypterKeyPassword),
			PasswordPrompter: kmsapi.NonInteractivePasswordPrompter,
		}); err != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("failed creating decrypter: %w", err)
		}
		if s.signer, err = s.keyManager.CreateSigner(&kmsapi.CreateSignerRequest{
			SigningKeyPEM:    s.DecrypterKeyPEM, // TODO(hs): support distinct signer key in the future?
			Password:         []byte(s.DecrypterKeyPassword),
			PasswordPrompter: kmsapi.NonInteractivePasswordPrompter,
		}); err != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("failed creating signer: %w", err)
		}
	}

	if s.DecrypterKeyURI != "" {
		kmsType, err := kmsapi.TypeOf(s.DecrypterKeyURI)
		if err != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("failed parsing decrypter key: %w", err)
		}

		if config.SCEPKeyManager != nil {
			s.keyManager = config.SCEPKeyManager
		} else {
			if kmsType == kmsapi.DefaultKMS {
				kmsType = kmsapi.SoftKMS
			}
			opts := kms.Options{
				Type: kmsType,
				URI:  s.DecrypterKeyURI,
			}
			km, err := kms.New(context.Background(), opts)
			if err != nil {
				return fmt.Errorf("failed initializing kms: %w", err)
			}
			scepKeyManager, ok := km.(SCEPKeyManager)
			if !ok {
				return fmt.Errorf("%q is not a kmsapi.Decrypter", opts.Type)
			}
			s.keyManager = scepKeyManager
		}

		// Create decrypter and signer with the same key:
		// TODO(hs): support distinct signer key in the future?
		if s.decrypter, err = s.keyManager.CreateDecrypter(&kmsapi.CreateDecrypterRequest{
			DecryptionKey:    s.DecrypterKeyURI,
			Password:         []byte(s.DecrypterKeyPassword),
			PasswordPrompter: kmsapi.NonInteractivePasswordPrompter,
		}); err != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("failed creating decrypter: %w", err)
		}
		if s.signer, err = s.keyManager.CreateSigner(&kmsapi.CreateSignerRequest{
			SigningKey:       s.DecrypterKeyURI,
			Password:         []byte(s.DecrypterKeyPassword),
			PasswordPrompter: kmsapi.NonInteractivePasswordPrompter,
		}); err != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("failed creating signer: %w", err)
		}
	}

	// parse the decrypter certificate contents if available
	if len(s.DecrypterCertificate) > 0 {
		block, rest := pem.Decode(s.DecrypterCertificate)
		if len(rest) > 0 {
			return errors.New("failed parsing decrypter certificate: trailing data")
		}
		if block == nil {
			return errors.New("failed parsing decrypter certificate: no PEM block found")
		}
		if s.decrypterCertificate, err = x509.ParseCertificate(block.Bytes); err != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("failed parsing decrypter certificate: %w", err)
		}
		// the decrypter certificate is also the signer certificate
		s.signerCertificate = s.decrypterCertificate
	}

	// TODO(hs): alternatively, check if the KMS keyManager is a CertificateManager
	// and load the certificate corresponding to the decryption key?

	// Final validation for the decrypter.
	if s.decrypter != nil {
		decrypterPublicKey, ok := s.decrypter.Public().(*rsa.PublicKey)
		if !ok {
			return fmt.Errorf("only RSA keys are supported")
		}
		if s.decrypterCertificate == nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("provisioner %q does not have a decrypter certificate set", s.Name)
		}
		if !decrypterPublicKey.Equal(s.decrypterCertificate.PublicKey) {
			return errors.New("mismatch between decrypter certificate and decrypter public keys")
		}
	}

	// TODO: add other, SCEP specific, options?

	s.ctl, err = NewController(s, s.Claims, config, s.Options)
	return
}

// AuthorizeSign does not do any verification, because all verification is handled
// in the SCEP protocol. This method returns a list of modifiers / constraints
// on the resulting certificate.
func (s *SCEP) AuthorizeSign(context.Context, string) ([]SignOption, error) {
	return []SignOption{
		s,
		// modifiers / withOptions
		newProvisionerExtensionOption(TypeSCEP, s.Name, "").WithControllerOptions(s.ctl),
		newForceCNOption(s.ForceCN),
		profileDefaultDuration(s.ctl.Claimer.DefaultTLSCertDuration()),
		// validators
		newPublicKeyMinimumLengthValidator(s.MinimumPublicKeyLength),
		newValidityValidator(s.ctl.Claimer.MinTLSCertDuration(), s.ctl.Claimer.MaxTLSCertDuration()),
		newX509NamePolicyValidator(s.ctl.getPolicy().getX509()),
		s.ctl.newWebhookController(nil, linkedca.Webhook_X509),
	}, nil
}

// GetCapabilities returns the CA capabilities
func (s *SCEP) GetCapabilities() []string {
	return s.Capabilities
}

// ShouldIncludeRootInChain indicates if the CA should
// return its intermediate, which is currently used for
// both signing and decryption, as well as the root in
// its chain.
func (s *SCEP) ShouldIncludeRootInChain() bool {
	return s.IncludeRoot
}

// ShouldIncludeIntermediateInChain indicates if the
// CA should include the intermediate CA certificate in the
// GetCACerts response. This is true by default, but can be
// overridden through configuration in case SCEP clients
// don't pick the right recipient.
func (s *SCEP) ShouldIncludeIntermediateInChain() bool {
	return !s.ExcludeIntermediate
}

// GetContentEncryptionAlgorithm returns the numeric identifier
// for the pkcs7 package encryption algorithm to use.
func (s *SCEP) GetContentEncryptionAlgorithm() int {
	return s.encryptionAlgorithm
}

// ValidateChallenge validates the provided challenge. It starts by
// selecting the validation method to use, then performs validation
// according to that method.
func (s *SCEP) ValidateChallenge(ctx context.Context, csr *x509.CertificateRequest, challenge, transactionID string) ([]SignCSROption, error) {
	if s.challengeValidationController == nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("provisioner %q wasn't initialized", s.Name)
	}
	switch s.selectValidationMethod() {
	case validationMethodWebhook:
		return s.challengeValidationController.Validate(ctx, csr, s.Name, challenge, transactionID)
	default:
		if subtle.ConstantTimeCompare([]byte(s.ChallengePassword), []byte(challenge)) == 0 {
			return nil, errors.New("invalid challenge password provided")
		}
		return []SignCSROption{}, nil
	}
}

func (s *SCEP) NotifySuccess(ctx context.Context, csr *x509.CertificateRequest, cert *x509.Certificate, transactionID string) error {
	if s.notificationController == nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("provisioner %q wasn't initialized", s.Name)
	}
	return s.notificationController.Success(ctx, csr, cert, transactionID)
}

func (s *SCEP) NotifyFailure(ctx context.Context, csr *x509.CertificateRequest, transactionID string, errorCode int, errorDescription string) error {
	if s.notificationController == nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("provisioner %q wasn't initialized", s.Name)
	}
	return s.notificationController.Failure(ctx, csr, transactionID, errorCode, errorDescription)
}

type validationMethod string

const (
	validationMethodNone    validationMethod = "none"
	validationMethodStatic  validationMethod = "static"
	validationMethodWebhook validationMethod = "webhook"
)

// selectValidationMethod returns the method to validate SCEP
// challenges. If a webhook is configured with kind `SCEPCHALLENGE`,
// the webhook method will be used. If a challenge password is set,
// the static method is used. It will default to the `none` method.
func (s *SCEP) selectValidationMethod() validationMethod {
	if len(s.challengeValidationController.webhooks) > 0 {
		return validationMethodWebhook
	}
	if s.ChallengePassword != "" {
		return validationMethodStatic
	}
	return validationMethodNone
}

// GetDecrypter returns the provisioner specific decrypter,
// used to decrypt SCEP request messages sent by a SCEP client.
// The decrypter consists of a crypto.Decrypter (a private key)
// and a certificate for the public key corresponding to the
// private key.
func (s *SCEP) GetDecrypter() (*x509.Certificate, crypto.Decrypter) {
	return s.decrypterCertificate, s.decrypter
}

// GetSigner returns the provisioner specific signer, used to
// sign SCEP response messages for the client. The signer consists
// of a crypto.Signer and a certificate for the public key
// corresponding to the private key.
func (s *SCEP) GetSigner() (*x509.Certificate, crypto.Signer) {
	return s.signerCertificate, s.signer
}