diff --git a/.github/workflows/reusable-build.yml b/.github/workflows/reusable-build.yml
index 1cfe8b15..82948e7d 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/reusable-build.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/reusable-build.yml
@@ -142,9 +142,10 @@ jobs:
               for TAG in "${COMMIT_TAGS[@]}"; do
                   echo "${TAG}"
               done
-
+              default_tag=${COMMIT_TAGS[0]}
               alias_tags=("${COMMIT_TAGS[@]}")
           else
+              default_tag=${BUILD_TAGS[0]}
               alias_tags=("${BUILD_TAGS[@]}")
           fi
 
@@ -154,6 +155,7 @@ jobs:
           done
 
           echo "alias_tags=${alias_tags[*]}" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+          echo "default_tag=$default_tag" >> $GITHUB_ENV
 
       # Build metadata
       - name: Image Metadata
@@ -206,6 +208,32 @@ jobs:
           labels: ${{ steps.meta.outputs.labels }}
           oci: false
 
+      - name: Build Test Image
+        uses: redhat-actions/buildah-build@v2
+        with:
+          containerfiles: |
+            ./Containerfile.test
+          image: akmods-test
+          tags: latest
+          build-args: |
+            BUILDER_IMAGE=${{ env.BUILDER_IMAGE }}
+            KERNEL_ORG=${{ github.repository_owner }}
+            KERNEL_FLAVOR=${{ matrix.kernel_flavor }}
+            FEDORA_MAJOR_VERSION=${{ matrix.fedora_version }}
+            INPUT_AKMODS=${{ env.IMAGE_NAME }}
+            INPUT_TAG=${{ env.default_tag }}
+            DUAL_SIGN=true
+          oci: false
+
+      - name: Test Akmods Signature
+        id: test_akmods
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          if ! podman run akmods-test:latest; then
+              echo "Signatures Failed"
+              exit 1
+          fi
+
       # Workaround bug where capital letters in your GitHub username make it impossible to push to GHCR.
       # https://github.com/macbre/push-to-ghcr/issues/12
       - name: Lowercase Registry
diff --git a/Containerfile.common b/Containerfile.common
index a5d7d6b1..3f6e7e5a 100644
--- a/Containerfile.common
+++ b/Containerfile.common
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ ARG KERNEL_FLAVOR="${KERNEL_FLAVOR:-main}"
 ARG RPMFUSION_MIRROR=""
 ARG DUAL_SIGN="true"
 
-COPY build*.sh dual-sign.sh /tmp/
+COPY build*.sh dual-sign*.sh /tmp/
 COPY certs /tmp/certs
 
 # cached kernel rpms
diff --git a/Containerfile.extra b/Containerfile.extra
index 0d317880..463a0183 100644
--- a/Containerfile.extra
+++ b/Containerfile.extra
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ ARG KERNEL_FLAVOR="${KERNEL_FLAVOR:-main}"
 ARG RPMFUSION_MIRROR=""
 ARG DUAL_SIGN="true"
 
-COPY build*.sh dual-sign.sh /tmp/
+COPY build*.sh dual-sign*.sh /tmp/
 COPY certs /tmp/certs
 
 # cached kernel rpms
diff --git a/Containerfile.nvidia b/Containerfile.nvidia
index 42b92038..16fbe82b 100644
--- a/Containerfile.nvidia
+++ b/Containerfile.nvidia
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ ARG KERNEL_FLAVOR="${KERNEL_FLAVOR:-main}"
 ARG RPMFUSION_MIRROR=""
 ARG DUAL_SIGN="true"
 
-COPY build*.sh dual-sign.sh /tmp/
+COPY build*.sh dual-sign*.sh /tmp/
 COPY certs /tmp/certs
 
 # cached kernel rpms
diff --git a/Containerfile.test b/Containerfile.test
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..39bccb23
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Containerfile.test
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+###
+### Containerfile.test - used to test akmods
+###
+
+ARG FEDORA_MAJOR_VERSION="${FEDORA_MAJOR_VERSION:-40}"
+ARG KERNEL_FLAVOR="${KERNEL_FLAVOR:-main}"
+ARG KERNEL_IMAGE="${KERNEL_IMAGE:-${KERNEL_FLAVOR}-kernel}"
+ARG KERNEL_ORG="${KERNEL_ORG:-ublue-os}"
+ARG KERNEL_BASE="ghcr.io/${KERNEL_ORG}/${KERNEL_IMAGE}:${FEDORA_MAJOR_VERSION}"
+ARG BUILDER_IMAGE="${BUILDER_IMAGE:-quay.io/fedora/fedora}"
+ARG BUILDER_BASE="${BUILDER_IMAGE}:${FEDORA_MAJOR_VERSION}"
+ARG INPUT_AKMODS="${INPUT_AKMODS:-akmods}"
+ARG INPUT_TAG="${INPUT_TAG:-${KERNEL_FLAVOR}-${FEDORA_MAJOR_VERSION}}"
+ARG INPUT_BASE="${INPUT_AKMODS}:${INPUT_TAG}"
+FROM ${KERNEL_BASE} AS kernel_cache
+FROM ${INPUT_BASE} AS akmods_cache
+FROM ${BUILDER_BASE} AS tester
+
+ARG FEDORA_MAJOR_VERSION="${FEDORA_MAJOR_VERSION:-40}"
+ARG KERNEL_FLAVOR="${KERNEL_FLAVOR:-main}"
+ARG RPMFUSION_MIRROR=""
+ARG DUAL_SIGN="true"
+
+COPY test-prep.sh dual-sign-check.sh /tmp/
+COPY check-signatures.sh /
+COPY certs /tmp/certs
+
+# cached kernel rpms
+COPY --from=kernel_cache /tmp/rpms /tmp/kernel_cache
+COPY --from=akmods_cache /rpms /tmp/akmods-rpms
+
+RUN --mount=type=cache,dst=/var/cache/dnf \
+    if grep -qv "surface" <<< "${KERNEL_FLAVOR}"; then \
+        export KERNEL_NAME="kernel" \
+    ; else \
+        export KERNEL_NAME="kernel-surface" \
+    ; fi && \
+    /tmp/test-prep.sh
+
+CMD ["/check-signatures.sh"]
diff --git a/Containerfile.zfs b/Containerfile.zfs
index 1784462e..52de7c55 100644
--- a/Containerfile.zfs
+++ b/Containerfile.zfs
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ ARG DUAL_SIGN="true"
 ARG RPMFUSION_MIRROR=""
 ARG ZFS_MINOR_VERSION="${ZFS_MINOR_VERSION:-2.2}"
 
-COPY build*.sh dual-sign-zfs.sh /tmp/
+COPY build*.sh dual-sign*.sh /tmp/
 COPY certs /tmp/certs
 
 # cached kernel rpms
diff --git a/check-signatures.sh b/check-signatures.sh
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..d873e928
--- /dev/null
+++ b/check-signatures.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+#!/usr/bin/bash
+
+source /tmp/info.sh
+
+KERNEL="$(rpm -q "${KERNEL_NAME}" --queryformat '%{VERSION}-%{RELEASE}.%{ARCH}')"
+PUBLIC_CHAIN="/tmp/certs/public_key_chain.pem"
+
+for module in /usr/lib/modules/"${KERNEL}"/extra/*/*.ko*;
+do
+    module_basename=${module:0:-3}
+    module_suffix=${module: -3}
+    if [[ "$module_suffix" == ".xz" ]]; then
+            xz --decompress "$module"
+            /tmp/dual-sign-check.sh "${KERNEL}" "${module_basename}" "${PUBLIC_CHAIN}"
+            xz -f "${module_basename}"
+    elif [[ "$module_suffix" == ".gz" ]]; then
+            gzip -d "$module"
+            /tmp/dual-sign-check.sh "${KERNEL}" "${module_basename}" "${PUBLIC_CHAIN}"
+            gzip -9f "${module_basename}"
+    else
+            /tmp/dual-sign-check.sh "${KERNEL}" "${module}" "${PUBLIC_CHAIN}"
+    fi
+done
diff --git a/dual-sign-check.sh b/dual-sign-check.sh
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..109aeb16
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dual-sign-check.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+#!/usr/bin/bash
+
+KERNEL="$1"
+module="$2"
+PUBLIC_CERT="$3"
+
+kmod_sig="/tmp/kmod.sig"
+kmod_p7s="/tmp/kmod.p7s"
+kmod_data="/tmp/kmod.data"
+/usr/src/kernels/"${KERNEL}"/scripts/extract-module-sig.pl -s "${module}" > ${kmod_sig}
+openssl pkcs7 -inform der -in ${kmod_sig} -out ${kmod_p7s}
+/usr/src/kernels/"${KERNEL}"/scripts/extract-module-sig.pl -0 "${module}" > ${kmod_data}
+if openssl cms -verify -binary -inform PEM \
+    -in ${kmod_p7s} \
+    -content ${kmod_data} \
+    -certfile "${PUBLIC_CERT}" \
+    -out "/dev/null" \
+    -nointern -noverify
+    then
+    echo "Signature Verified for ${module}"
+else
+    echo "Signature Failed for ${module}"
+    exit 1
+fi
diff --git a/dual-sign-zfs.sh b/dual-sign-zfs.sh
index c7a93a44..83990905 100755
--- a/dual-sign-zfs.sh
+++ b/dual-sign-zfs.sh
@@ -18,15 +18,18 @@ if [[ "${DUAL_SIGN}" == "true" ]]; then
                 xz --decompress "$module"
                 openssl cms -sign -signer "${SIGNING_KEY_1}" -signer "${SIGNING_KEY_2}" -binary -in "$module_basename" -outform DER -out "${module_basename}.cms" -nocerts -noattr -nosmimecap
                 /usr/src/kernels/"${KERNEL}"/scripts/sign-file -s "${module_basename}.cms" sha256 "${PUBLIC_CHAIN}" "${module_basename}"
+                /tmp/dual-sign-check.sh "${KERNEL}" "${module_basename}" "${PUBLIC_CHAIN}"
                 xz -f "${module_basename}"
         elif [[ "$module_suffix" == ".gz" ]]; then
                 gzip -d "$module"
                 openssl cms -sign -signer "${SIGNING_KEY_1}" -signer "${SIGNING_KEY_2}" -binary -in "$module_basename" -outform DER -out "${module_basename}.cms" -nocerts -noattr -nosmimecap
                 /usr/src/kernels/"${KERNEL}"/scripts/sign-file -s "${module_basename}.cms" sha256 "${PUBLIC_CHAIN}" "${module_basename}"
+                /tmp/dual-sign-check.sh "${KERNEL}" "${module_basename}" "${PUBLIC_CHAIN}"
                 gzip -9f "${module_basename}"
         else
                 openssl cms -sign -signer "${SIGNING_KEY_1}" -signer "${SIGNING_KEY_2}" -binary -in "$module" -outform DER -out "${module}.cms" -nocerts -noattr -nosmimecap
                 /usr/src/kernels/"${KERNEL}"/scripts/sign-file -s "${module}.cms" sha256 "${PUBLIC_CHAIN}" "${module}"
+                /tmp/dual-sign-check.sh "${KERNEL}" "${module}" "${PUBLIC_CHAIN}"
         fi
     done
     rpmrebuild --batch /var/cache/rpms/kmods/zfs/kmod-zfs-*.rpm
diff --git a/dual-sign.sh b/dual-sign.sh
index d113efc9..6b978167 100755
--- a/dual-sign.sh
+++ b/dual-sign.sh
@@ -16,15 +16,18 @@ if [[ "${DUAL_SIGN}" == "true" ]]; then
                 xz --decompress "$module"
                 openssl cms -sign -signer "${SIGNING_KEY_1}" -signer "${SIGNING_KEY_2}" -binary -in "$module_basename" -outform DER -out "${module_basename}.cms" -nocerts -noattr -nosmimecap
                 /usr/src/kernels/"${KERNEL}"/scripts/sign-file -s "${module_basename}.cms" sha256 "${PUBLIC_CHAIN}" "${module_basename}"
+                /tmp/dual-sign-check.sh "${KERNEL}" "${module_basename}" "${PUBLIC_CHAIN}"
                 xz -f "${module_basename}"
         elif [[ "$module_suffix" == ".gz" ]]; then
                 gzip -d "$module"
                 openssl cms -sign -signer "${SIGNING_KEY_1}" -signer "${SIGNING_KEY_2}" -binary -in "$module_basename" -outform DER -out "${module_basename}.cms" -nocerts -noattr -nosmimecap
                 /usr/src/kernels/"${KERNEL}"/scripts/sign-file -s "${module_basename}.cms" sha256 "${PUBLIC_CHAIN}" "${module_basename}"
+                /tmp/dual-sign-check.sh "${KERNEL}" "${module_basename}" "${PUBLIC_CHAIN}"
                 gzip -9f "${module_basename}"
         else
                 openssl cms -sign -signer "${SIGNING_KEY_1}" -signer "${SIGNING_KEY_2}" -binary -in "$module" -outform DER -out "${module}.cms" -nocerts -noattr -nosmimecap
                 /usr/src/kernels/"${KERNEL}"/scripts/sign-file -s "${module}.cms" sha256 "${PUBLIC_CHAIN}" "${module}"
+                /tmp/dual-sign-check.sh "${KERNEL}" "${module}" "${PUBLIC_CHAIN}"
         fi
     done
     find /var/cache/akmods -type f -name \kmod-*.rpm
diff --git a/test-prep.sh b/test-prep.sh
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..5ba8c09a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test-prep.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,155 @@
+#!/usr/bin/bash
+
+set -oeux pipefail
+
+### PREPARE REPOS
+# ARCH="$(rpm -E '%_arch')"
+RELEASE="$(rpm -E '%fedora')"
+
+sed -i 's@enabled=1@enabled=0@g' /etc/yum.repos.d/fedora-cisco-openh264.repo
+
+# enable RPMs with alternatives to create them in this image build
+mkdir -p /var/lib/alternatives
+
+if [[ -f $(find /tmp/akmods-rpms/ublue-os/ublue-os-*.rpm 2> /dev/null) ]]; then
+    dnf install -y /tmp/akmods-rpms/ublue-os/ublue-os-*.rpm
+fi
+
+
+# install kernel_cache provided kernel
+echo "Installing ${KERNEL_FLAVOR} kernel-cache RPMs..."
+# fedora image has no kernel so this needs nothing fancy, just install
+dnf install -y /tmp/kernel_cache/*.rpm
+
+if [[ "${KERNEL_FLAVOR}" == "surface" ]]; then
+    KERNEL_VERSION=$(rpm -q kernel-surface|cut -d '-' -f2-)
+else
+    KERNEL_VERSION=$(rpm -q kernel|cut -d '-' -f2-)
+fi
+
+# enable more repos
+RPMFUSION_MIRROR_RPMS="https://mirrors.rpmfusion.org"
+if [ -n "${RPMFUSION_MIRROR}" ]; then
+    RPMFUSION_MIRROR_RPMS=${RPMFUSION_MIRROR}
+fi
+
+if [[ "${RELEASE}" -ge 41 ]]; then
+    COPR_RELEASE="rawhide"
+else
+    COPR_RELEASE="${RELEASE}"
+fi
+
+curl -Lo /etc/yum.repos.d/_copr_ublue-os_staging.repo \
+    "https://copr.fedorainfracloud.org/coprs/ublue-os/staging/repo/fedora-${COPR_RELEASE}/ublue-os-staging-fedora-${COPR_RELEASE}.repo"
+
+curl -Lo /etc/yum.repos.d/_copr_kylegospo_oversteer.repo \
+    "https://copr.fedorainfracloud.org/coprs/kylegospo/oversteer/repo/fedora-${COPR_RELEASE}/kylegospo-oversteer-fedora-${COPR_RELEASE}.repo"
+
+curl -Lo /etc/yum.repos.d/_copr_ublue-os-akmods.repo \
+    "https://copr.fedorainfracloud.org/coprs/ublue-os/akmods/repo/fedora-${COPR_RELEASE}/ublue-os-akmods-fedora-${COPR_RELEASE}.repo"
+
+curl -Lo /etc/yum.repos.d/negativo17-fedora-multimedia.repo \
+    "https://negativo17.org/repos/fedora-multimedia.repo"
+
+if [[ -f $(find /tmp/akmods-rpms/kmods/kmod-vhba-*.rpm) ]]; then
+curl -LsSf -o /etc/yum.repos.d/_copr_rok-cdemu.repo \
+    "https://copr.fedorainfracloud.org/coprs/rok/cdemu/repo/fedora-${COPR_RELEASE}/rok-cdemu-fedora-${COPR_RELEASE}.repo"
+fi
+
+if [[ -f $(find /tmp/akmods-rpms/kmods/kmod-facetimehd-*.rpm) ]]; then
+curl -LsSf -o /etc/yum.repos.d/_copr_mulderje-facetimehd-kmod.repo \
+    "https://copr.fedorainfracloud.org/coprs/mulderje/facetimehd-kmod/repo/fedora-${COPR_RELEASE}/mulderje-facetimehd-kmod-fedora-${COPR_RELEASE}.repo"
+fi
+
+if [[ -f $(find /tmp/akmods-rpms/kmods/kmod-kvmfr-*.rpm) ]]; then
+curl -LsSf -o /etc/yum.repos.d/_copr_hikariknight-looking-glass-kvmfr.repo \
+    "https://copr.fedorainfracloud.org/coprs/hikariknight/looking-glass-kvmfr/repo/fedora-${COPR_RELEASE}/hikariknight-looking-glass-kvmfr-fedora-${COPR_RELEASE}.repo"
+fi
+
+if [[ -f $(find /tmp/akmods-rpms/kmods/kmod-nvidia-*.rpm) ]]; then
+    curl -Lo /etc/yum.repos.d/negativo17-fedora-nvidia.repo \
+        "https://negativo17.org/repos/fedora-nvidia.repo"
+    curl -Lo /etc/yum.repos.d/nvidia-container-toolkit.repo \
+        "https://nvidia.github.io/libnvidia-container/stable/rpm/nvidia-container-toolkit.repo"
+    curl -Lo /etc/yum.repos.d/nvidia-container.pp \
+        "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/NVIDIA/dgx-selinux/master/bin/RHEL9/nvidia-container.pp"
+    curl -Lo /etc/yum.repos.d/eyecantcu-supergfxctl.repo \
+        "https://copr.fedorainfracloud.org/coprs/eyecantcu/supergfxctl/repo/fedora-${COPR_RELEASE}/eyecantcu-supergfxctl-fedora-${COPR_RELEASE}.repo"
+    curl -Lo /tmp/nvidia-install.sh \
+        "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ublue-os/hwe/main/nvidia-install.sh"
+    chmod +x /tmp/nvidia-install.sh
+    sed -i "s@gpgcheck=0@gpgcheck=1@" /etc/yum.repos.d/nvidia-container-toolkit.repo
+fi
+
+dnf install -y \
+    "${RPMFUSION_MIRROR_RPMS}"/free/fedora/rpmfusion-free-release-"${RELEASE}".noarch.rpm \
+    "${RPMFUSION_MIRROR_RPMS}"/nonfree/fedora/rpmfusion-nonfree-release-"${RELEASE}".noarch.rpm \
+    fedora-repos-archive \
+    openssl
+
+
+# after F41 launches, bump to 42
+if [[ "${FEDORA_MAJOR_VERSION}" -ge 41 ]]; then
+    # pre-release rpmfusion is in a different location
+    sed -i "s%free/fedora/releases%free/fedora/development%" /etc/yum.repos.d/rpmfusion-*.repo
+    # pre-release rpmfusion needs to enable testing
+    sed -i '0,/enabled=0/{s/enabled=0/enabled=1/}' /etc/yum.repos.d/rpmfusion-*-updates-testing.repo
+fi
+
+if [ -n "${RPMFUSION_MIRROR}" ]; then
+    # force use of single rpmfusion mirror
+    echo "Using single rpmfusion mirror: ${RPMFUSION_MIRROR}"
+    sed -i.bak "s%^metalink=%#metalink=%" /etc/yum.repos.d/rpmfusion-*.repo
+    sed -i "s%^#baseurl=http://download1.rpmfusion.org%baseurl=${RPMFUSION_MIRROR}%" /etc/yum.repos.d/rpmfusion-*.repo
+fi
+
+if [[ ! -s "/tmp/certs/private_key.priv" ]]; then
+    echo "WARNING: Using test signing key. Run './generate-akmods-key' for production builds."
+    cp /tmp/certs/public_key.der{.test,}
+fi
+
+openssl x509 -in /tmp/certs/public_key.der -out /tmp/certs/public_key.crt
+cat /tmp/certs/public_key.crt > /tmp/certs/public_key_chain.pem
+rm -f /tmp/certs/private_key.priv
+
+if [[ "${DUAL_SIGN}" == "true" ]]; then
+    if [[ ! -s "/tmp/certs/private_key_2.priv" ]]; then
+        echo "WARNING: Using test signing key. Run './generate-akmods-key' for production builds."
+        cp /tmp/certs/public_key_2.der{.test,}
+    fi
+    openssl x509 -in /tmp/certs/public_key_2.der -out /tmp/certs/public_key_2.crt
+    rm -f /tmp/certs/public_key_chain.pem
+    cat /tmp/certs/public_key.crt <(echo) /tmp/certs/public_key_2.crt >> /tmp/certs/public_key_chain.pem
+fi
+
+rm -f /tmp/certs/private_key_2.priv
+
+if [[ -f $(find /tmp/akmods-rpms/kmods/kmod-nvidia-*.rpm 2> /dev/null) ]]; then
+    sed -i '0,/enabled=0/{s/enabled=0/enabled=1/}' /etc/yum.repos.d/eyecantcu-supergfxctl.repo
+    sed -i '0,/enabled=0/{s/enabled=0/enabled=1/}' /etc/yum.repos.d/negativo17-fedora-nvidia.repo
+    sed -i '0,/enabled=0/{s/enabled=0/enabled=1/}' /etc/yum.repos.d/nvidia-container-toolkit.repo
+    source /tmp/akmods-rpms/kmods/nvidia-vars
+    dnf install -y \
+        libnvidia-fbc \
+        libnvidia-ml.i686 \
+        libva-nvidia-driver \
+        mesa-vulkan-drivers.i686 \
+        nvidia-driver \
+        nvidia-driver-cuda \
+        nvidia-driver-cuda-libs.i686 \
+        nvidia-driver-libs.i686 \
+        nvidia-modprobe \
+        nvidia-persistenced \
+        nvidia-settings \
+        nvidia-container-toolkit \
+        /tmp/akmods-rpms/kmods/kmod-nvidia-"${KERNEL_VERSION}"-"${NVIDIA_AKMOD_VERSION}".fc"${RELEASE}".rpm
+elif [[ -f $(find /tmp/akmods-rpms/kmods/zfs/kmod-*.rpm 2> /dev/null) ]]; then
+    dnf install -y \
+        pv \
+        /tmp/akmods-rpms/kmods/zfs/*.rpm
+else
+    dnf install -y \
+        /tmp/akmods-rpms/kmods/*.rpm
+fi
+
+printf "KERNEL_NAME=%s" "$KERNEL_NAME" >> /tmp/info.sh