install-and-configure-a-LEMP-stack

# Install and Configure a LEMP Stack

**Add PPAs for Nginx and PHP, as Ubuntu’s defaults are quite outdated:**

```
sudo apt-get install python-software-properties
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:nginx/stable
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ondrej/php5
sudo apt-get update
```

**Install Nginx, MySQL, PHP, and all dependencies:**

```
sudo apt-get install mysql-server nginx php5 php5-fpm php5-cli php5-mysql php5-curl php5-gd php5-intl php-pear php5-imagick php5-imap php5-mcrypt php5-memcache php5-ming php5-ps php5-pspell php5-recode php5-snmp php5-sqlite php5-tidy php5-xmlrpc php5-xsl php5-xcache
```

**Install Nginx Cache Purge and Add Headers:**

???

**Start Nginx, php5-fpm, and MySQL:**

```
sudo apt-cache search php5 | grep php5
sudo service nginx start
sudo service php5-fpm start
sudo start mysql
ifconfig eth0 | grep inet | awk '{ print $2 }'
```

**Install a compiler:**

A compiler is often required to install Python packages and other software, so let’s just install one up-front.

```
sudo aptitude install build-essential
```

###Configure Nginx


**Create new file for basic settings and save as `something.custom`:**

```
worker_processes 6;
sendfile on;
tcp_nopush on;
tcp_nodelay on;
keepalive_timeout 10s;
types_hash_max_size 2048;
server_names_hash_bucket_size 64;
include /etc/nginx/mime.types;
default_type applicaiton/octet-stream;
```

**Create new file for basic compression settings and save as `somethingelse.custom`:**

```
gzip on;
gzip__vary on;
gzip_proxied any;
gzip_comp_level 9;
gzip_buffers 16 8k;
gzip_http_version 1.1;
gzip_types text/plain text/css application/json 
applicationx-javascript text/xml application/xml 
application/xml+rss text/javascript;
```

**Modify the nginx.conf file:**

```
sudo nano /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
```

Add the following lines:

```
include /etc/nginx/*.custom
```

**Caching in Nginx on config**

```
location ~* .(ico|jpg|webp|jpeg|gif|css|png|js|ico|bmp|zip|woff)$ {
access_log off;
log_not_found off;
add_header Pragma public;
add_header Cache-Control "public";
expires 14d;

location ~* .(php|html)$ {
access_log off;
log_not_found off;
add_header Pragma public;
add_header Cache-Control "public";
expires 14d;
```

**Fast-CGI Caching**

Go back to your basic settings Nginx config file and add the following lines:

```
fastcgi_cache_path /dev/shm/nginx levels=1:2 
keys_zone=stupidfast:16m 
max_size=1024m inactive=60m;

fastcgi_pass_header Set-Cookie;
fastcgi_pass_header Cookie;
fastcgi_ignore_headers Cache-Control Expires Set-Cookie;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+.php)(/.+)$;
fastcgi_param  PATH_INFO $fastcgi_path_info;
fastcgi_param  PATH_TRANSLATED    $document_root$fastcgi_path_info;
fastcgi_intercept_errors on;
include fastcgi_params;


#This covers caching bypasses:

fastcgi_no_cache $no_cache;
fastcgi_cache_bypass $no_cache;
fastcgi_cache drm_custom_cache;
fastcgi_cache_key $server_name|$request_uri; 


#Expiration and sizes:

fastcgi_cache_valid 404 60m;
fastcgi_cache_valid 200 60m;
fastcgi_max_temp_file_size 4m;
fastcgi_cache_use_stale updating;

#Tell the cache to send requests backward into PHP if there’s no cache entry:

fastcgi_pass localhost:9000;
```

**PHP Opcaching**

To-do: apt-get the php5-opcache

**In-memory Caching**

To-do: Ubuntu it’s under /var/run/. Go and cache there.

**If you have Wordpress add the following in wp-config.php to purge Nginx's Cache when you do updates on Wordpress**


```
define('RT_WP_NGINX_HELPER_CACHE_PATH','/dev/shm/nginx/');
}
```

**Make a backup copy of Nginx’s “default” file and modify the original:**

```
sudo cp /etc/nginx/sites-available/default /etc/nginx/sites-available/default.bak
sudo nano /etc/nginx/sites-available/default
```

Edit the following lines and save:

```
server {
    listen   80; ## listen for ipv4; this line is default and implied
    listen   [::]:80 default ipv6only=on; ## listen for ipv6

    root /usr/share/nginx/html;
    index index.html index.htm index.php;

    # Make site accessible from http://localhost/
    server_name _;
    location / {
        try_files $uri $uri/ /index.html;
    }

    location /doc/ {
        alias /usr/share/doc/;
        autoindex on;
        allow 127.0.0.1;
        deny all;
    }

    # Redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
    error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
    location = /50x.html {
        root /usr/share/nginx/html;
    }

    # Pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
    location ~ \.php$ {
        fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+\.php)(/.+)$;
        fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php5-fpm.sock;
        fastcgi_index index.php;
        include fastcgi_params;
    }

    # Deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root concurs
    # with Nginx’s one
    location ~ /\.ht {
        deny all;
    }
}
```

### Configure php5-fpm

**Modify the php.ini file:**

```
sudo nano /etc/php5/fpm/php.ini
```

Edit the following line and save:

```
cgi.fix_pathinfo = 0
```

**Modify the www.conf file:**

```
sudo nano /etc/php5/fpm/pool.d/www.conf
```

Edit the following line and save:

```
listen = /tmp/php5-fpm.sock
```

**Reload php5-fpm and nginx:**

```
sudo service php5-fpm reload
sudo service nginx reload
```

**Create info.php:**

```
sudo nano /usr/share/nginx/html/info.php
```

Add the following line and save:

```
<?php phpinfo(); ?>
```

Visit http://youripaddress/info.php in a web browser.

###Keep your MySQL tables optimized

Open up your crontab file:

```
crontab -e
```

Then, add the following line:

```
@weekly mysqlcheck -o --user=root --password=<your password here> -A
```