vite errors on cyclic imports

[everett1992]

Describe the bug

I originally reported this in vitest-dev/vitest#4143 but now I can reproduce in vite.

When importing certain modules with cyclical imports vitest will evaluate a file before it's imports are undefined, causing unexpected TypeError: _ is undefined errors. The module can be imported as native ESM in node and works in esbuild.

Reproduction

https://stackblitz.com/edit/vitejs-vite-bouzoh?file=server.js

Steps to reproduce

I found this bug when using https://github.com/amazon-ion/ion-js. Here's a simplified version that reproduces the issue

ion-js
├── dom
│   ├── Blob.js
│   └── index.js
├── Ion.js
└── IonTypes.js

// ion-js/Ion.js
export { IonTypes } from "./IonTypes.js";
import * as dom from "./dom/index.js";
export { dom };

// ion-js/IonTypes.js
export const IonTypes = {
    BLOB: "Blob",
};

// ion-js/dom/index.js
export { Blob } from "./Blob.js";

// ion-js/dom/Blob.js
import { IonTypes } from "../Ion.js";
export const Blob =  IonTypes.BLOB

The issue is related to import * as dom from "./dom/index.js"; in Ion.js. If that is replaced with export * as dom from './dom/index.js' or import { Blob } from './dom/Blob.js' the issue doesn't reproduce.

stateDiagram-v2
    [*] --> Ion.js
    Ion.js --> IonTypes.js: export { IonTypes }
    Ion.js --> dom/index.js: import * as dom
    dom/index.js --> dom/Blob.js: export { Blob }
    dom/Blob.js --> Ion.js: import { IonTypes }

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System Info

System:
    OS: Linux 5.0 undefined
    CPU: (8) x64 Intel(R) Core(TM) i9-9880H CPU @ 2.30GHz
    Memory: 0 Bytes / 0 Bytes
    Shell: 1.0 - /bin/jsh
  Binaries:
    Node: 16.20.0 - /usr/local/bin/node
    Yarn: 1.22.19 - /usr/local/bin/yarn
    npm: 9.4.2 - /usr/local/bin/npm
    pnpm: 8.6.10 - /usr/local/bin/pnpm
  npmPackages:
    vite: ^4.4.9 => 4.4.9

Used Package Manager

npm

Logs

No response

Validations

• Follow our Code of Conduct
• Read the Contributing Guidelines.
• Read the docs.
• Check that there isn't already an issue that reports the same bug to avoid creating a duplicate.
• Make sure this is a Vite issue and not a framework-specific issue. For example, if it's a Vue SFC related bug, it should likely be reported to vuejs/core instead.
• Check that this is a concrete bug. For Q&A open a GitHub Discussion or join our Discord Chat Server.
• The provided reproduction is a minimal reproducible example of the bug.

[stackblitz]

Start a new pull request in StackBlitz Codeflow.

• vitejs-vite-bouzoh (Open reproduction)

[rtsao]

I also reported this in #14010

[JonasDoesThings]

Is there any workaround available? (besides refactoring the codebase) 😞