diff --git a/packages/vite/src/node/plugins/importAnalysisBuild.ts b/packages/vite/src/node/plugins/importAnalysisBuild.ts
index aa9808e56886d2..368207edb04516 100644
--- a/packages/vite/src/node/plugins/importAnalysisBuild.ts
+++ b/packages/vite/src/node/plugins/importAnalysisBuild.ts
@@ -132,7 +132,17 @@ function preload(
         })
       }
     }),
-  ).then(() => baseModule())
+  )
+    .then(() => baseModule())
+    .catch((err) => {
+      const e = new Event('vite:preloadError', { cancelable: true })
+      // @ts-expect-error custom payload
+      e.payload = err
+      window.dispatchEvent(e)
+      if (!e.defaultPrevented) {
+        throw err
+      }
+    })
 }
 
 /**
diff --git a/playground/js-sourcemap/__tests__/js-sourcemap.spec.ts b/playground/js-sourcemap/__tests__/js-sourcemap.spec.ts
index f3c78604287a7c..02f18ec7ce86c4 100644
--- a/playground/js-sourcemap/__tests__/js-sourcemap.spec.ts
+++ b/playground/js-sourcemap/__tests__/js-sourcemap.spec.ts
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ describe.runIf(isBuild)('build tests', () => {
     const map = findAssetFile(/after-preload-dynamic.*\.js\.map/)
     expect(formatSourcemapForSnapshot(JSON.parse(map))).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
       {
-        "mappings": "stBAAAA,EAAA,WAAO,2BAAuB,EAAC,sEAE/B,QAAQ,IAAI,uBAAuB",
+        "mappings": "41BAAAA,EAAA,WAAO,2BAAuB,EAAC,sEAE/B,QAAQ,IAAI,uBAAuB",
         "sources": [
           "../../after-preload-dynamic.js",
         ],