diff --git a/packages/vite/src/node/plugins/resolve.ts b/packages/vite/src/node/plugins/resolve.ts
index a7d898efa5a566..f89abbe267422d 100644
--- a/packages/vite/src/node/plugins/resolve.ts
+++ b/packages/vite/src/node/plugins/resolve.ts
@@ -1105,8 +1105,6 @@ function resolveExportsOrImports(
         return options.isProduction
       case 'development':
         return !options.isProduction
-      case 'module':
-        return !options.isRequire
     }
     return true
   })
diff --git a/playground/resolve/__tests__/resolve.spec.ts b/playground/resolve/__tests__/resolve.spec.ts
index fa274846b4d869..90d02a761258e6 100644
--- a/playground/resolve/__tests__/resolve.spec.ts
+++ b/playground/resolve/__tests__/resolve.spec.ts
@@ -67,6 +67,15 @@ test('Respect exports to take precedence over mainFields', async () => {
   expect(await page.textContent('.exports-with-module')).toMatch('[success]')
 })
 
+test('import and require resolve using module condition', async () => {
+  expect(await page.textContent('.exports-with-module-condition')).toMatch(
+    '[success]',
+  )
+  expect(
+    await page.textContent('.exports-with-module-condition-required'),
+  ).toMatch('[success]')
+})
+
 test('implicit dir/index.js', async () => {
   expect(await page.textContent('.index')).toMatch('[success]')
 })
diff --git a/playground/resolve/exports-with-module-condition-required/index.cjs b/playground/resolve/exports-with-module-condition-required/index.cjs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..b06508a52c8cc2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/playground/resolve/exports-with-module-condition-required/index.cjs
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+/* eslint-disable import/no-commonjs */
+const { msg } = require('@vitejs/test-resolve-exports-with-module-condition')
+module.exports = { msg }
diff --git a/playground/resolve/exports-with-module-condition-required/package.json b/playground/resolve/exports-with-module-condition-required/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..8e1b2969fbf7f2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/playground/resolve/exports-with-module-condition-required/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+{
+  "name": "@vitejs/test-resolve-exports-with-module-condition-required",
+  "private": true,
+  "version": "1.0.0",
+  "main": "index.cjs",
+  "dependencies": {
+    "@vitejs/test-resolve-exports-with-module-condition": "link:../exports-with-module-condition"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/playground/resolve/exports-with-module-condition/index.esm.js b/playground/resolve/exports-with-module-condition/index.esm.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..f1e0b54ee0c7ac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/playground/resolve/exports-with-module-condition/index.esm.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+export const msg = '[success] exports with module condition (index.esm.js)'
diff --git a/playground/resolve/exports-with-module-condition/index.js b/playground/resolve/exports-with-module-condition/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..6465a8c55084c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/playground/resolve/exports-with-module-condition/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+/* eslint-disable import/no-commonjs */
+module.exports.msg = '[fail] exports with module condition (index.js)'
diff --git a/playground/resolve/exports-with-module-condition/index.mjs b/playground/resolve/exports-with-module-condition/index.mjs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..1696a05425e35f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/playground/resolve/exports-with-module-condition/index.mjs
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+export const msg = '[fail] exports with module condition (index.mjs)'
diff --git a/playground/resolve/exports-with-module-condition/package.json b/playground/resolve/exports-with-module-condition/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..92a8f2dd2d1f80
--- /dev/null
+++ b/playground/resolve/exports-with-module-condition/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+{
+  "name": "@vitejs/test-resolve-exports-with-module-condition",
+  "private": true,
+  "version": "1.0.0",
+  "exports": {
+    "module": "./index.esm.js",
+    "import": "./index.mjs",
+    "require": "./index.js"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/playground/resolve/index.html b/playground/resolve/index.html
index 3aba3224c4822c..64d9306266a68d 100644
--- a/playground/resolve/index.html
+++ b/playground/resolve/index.html
@@ -36,6 +36,13 @@ <h2>Exports with legacy fallback</h2>
 <h2>Exports with module</h2>
 <p class="exports-with-module">fail</p>
 
+<h2>
+  Both import and require resolve using module condition (avoids dual package
+  hazard)
+</h2>
+<p class="exports-with-module-condition">fail</p>
+<p class="exports-with-module-condition-required">fail</p>
+
 <h2>Resolving top level with imports field</h2>
 <p class="imports-top-level">fail</p>
 
@@ -214,6 +221,14 @@ <h2>resolve package that contains # in path</h2>
   import { msg as exportsWithModule } from '@vitejs/test-resolve-exports-with-module'
   text('.exports-with-module', exportsWithModule)
 
+  import { msg as exportsWithModuleCondition } from '@vitejs/test-resolve-exports-with-module-condition'
+  import { msg as exportsWithModuleConditionRequired } from '@vitejs/test-resolve-exports-with-module-condition-required'
+  text('.exports-with-module-condition', exportsWithModuleCondition)
+  text(
+    '.exports-with-module-condition-required',
+    exportsWithModuleConditionRequired,
+  )
+
   // imports field
   import { msg as importsTopLevel } from '#top-level'
   text('.imports-top-level', importsTopLevel)
diff --git a/playground/resolve/package.json b/playground/resolve/package.json
index 3e4a231a05582f..6e3a7d50b86a63 100644
--- a/playground/resolve/package.json
+++ b/playground/resolve/package.json
@@ -34,6 +34,8 @@
     "@vitejs/test-resolve-exports-legacy-fallback": "link:./exports-legacy-fallback",
     "@vitejs/test-resolve-exports-path": "link:./exports-path",
     "@vitejs/test-resolve-exports-with-module": "link:./exports-with-module",
+    "@vitejs/test-resolve-exports-with-module-condition": "link:./exports-with-module-condition",
+    "@vitejs/test-resolve-exports-with-module-condition-required": "link:./exports-with-module-condition-required",
     "@vitejs/test-resolve-linked": "workspace:*",
     "@vitejs/test-resolve-imports-pkg": "link:./imports-path/other-pkg",
     "@vitejs/test-resolve-sharp-dir": "link:./sharp-dir"
diff --git a/playground/resolve/vite.config.js b/playground/resolve/vite.config.js
index 5f2ba3e2e70df7..f4d923d1a05ae0 100644
--- a/playground/resolve/vite.config.js
+++ b/playground/resolve/vite.config.js
@@ -102,6 +102,7 @@ export default defineConfig({
   ],
   optimizeDeps: {
     include: [
+      '@vitejs/test-resolve-exports-with-module-condition-required',
       '@vitejs/test-require-pkg-with-module-field',
       '@vitejs/test-resolve-sharp-dir',
     ],
diff --git a/pnpm-lock.yaml b/pnpm-lock.yaml
index ac6b4f54245e0f..8f2e6c167420ff 100644
--- a/pnpm-lock.yaml
+++ b/pnpm-lock.yaml
@@ -1024,6 +1024,12 @@ importers:
       '@vitejs/test-resolve-exports-with-module':
         specifier: link:./exports-with-module
         version: link:exports-with-module
+      '@vitejs/test-resolve-exports-with-module-condition':
+        specifier: link:./exports-with-module-condition
+        version: link:exports-with-module-condition
+      '@vitejs/test-resolve-exports-with-module-condition-required':
+        specifier: link:./exports-with-module-condition-required
+        version: link:exports-with-module-condition-required
       '@vitejs/test-resolve-imports-pkg':
         specifier: link:./imports-path/other-pkg
         version: link:imports-path/other-pkg
@@ -1085,6 +1091,14 @@ importers:
 
   playground/resolve/exports-with-module: {}
 
+  playground/resolve/exports-with-module-condition: {}
+
+  playground/resolve/exports-with-module-condition-required:
+    dependencies:
+      '@vitejs/test-resolve-exports-with-module-condition':
+        specifier: link:../exports-with-module-condition
+        version: link:../exports-with-module-condition
+
   playground/resolve/imports-path/other-pkg: {}
 
   playground/resolve/inline-package: {}
@@ -3985,7 +3999,6 @@ packages:
       '@vue/shared': 3.3.4
       estree-walker: 2.0.2
       source-map-js: 1.0.2
-    dev: true
 
   /@vue/compiler-dom@3.2.47:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-dBBnEHEPoftUiS03a4ggEig74J2YBZ2UIeyfpcRM2tavgMWo4bsEfgCGsu+uJIL/vax9S+JztH8NmQerUo7shQ==}
@@ -3998,7 +4011,6 @@ packages:
     dependencies:
       '@vue/compiler-core': 3.3.4
       '@vue/shared': 3.3.4
-    dev: true
 
   /@vue/compiler-sfc@3.2.47:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-rog05W+2IFfxjMcFw10tM9+f7i/+FFpZJJ5XHX72NP9eC2uRD+42M3pYcQqDXVYoj74kHMSEdQ/WmCjt8JFksQ==}
@@ -4027,7 +4039,6 @@ packages:
       magic-string: 0.30.0
       postcss: 8.4.23
       source-map-js: 1.0.2
-    dev: true
 
   /@vue/compiler-ssr@3.2.47:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-wVXC+gszhulcMD8wpxMsqSOpvDZ6xKXSVWkf50Guf/S+28hTAXPDYRTbLQ3EDkOP5Xz/+SY37YiwDquKbJOgZw==}
@@ -4040,7 +4051,6 @@ packages:
     dependencies:
       '@vue/compiler-dom': 3.3.4
       '@vue/shared': 3.3.4
-    dev: true
 
   /@vue/devtools-api@6.4.5:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-JD5fcdIuFxU4fQyXUu3w2KpAJHzTVdN+p4iOX2lMWSHMOoQdMAcpFLZzm9Z/2nmsoZ1a96QEhZ26e50xLBsgOQ==}
@@ -4066,7 +4076,6 @@ packages:
       '@vue/shared': 3.3.4
       estree-walker: 2.0.2
       magic-string: 0.30.0
-    dev: true
 
   /@vue/reactivity@3.2.47:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-7khqQ/75oyyg+N/e+iwV6lpy1f5wq759NdlS1fpAhFXa8VeAIKGgk2E/C4VF59lx5b+Ezs5fpp/5WsRYXQiKxQ==}
@@ -4077,7 +4086,6 @@ packages:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-kLTDLwd0B1jG08NBF3R5rqULtv/f8x3rOFByTDz4J53ttIQEDmALqKqXY0J+XQeN0aV2FBxY8nJDf88yvOPAqQ==}
     dependencies:
       '@vue/shared': 3.3.4
-    dev: true
 
   /@vue/runtime-core@3.2.47:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-RZxbLQIRB/K0ev0K9FXhNbBzT32H9iRtYbaXb0ZIz2usLms/D55dJR2t6cIEUn6vyhS3ALNvNthI+Q95C+NOpA==}
@@ -4090,7 +4098,6 @@ packages:
     dependencies:
       '@vue/reactivity': 3.3.4
       '@vue/shared': 3.3.4
-    dev: true
 
   /@vue/runtime-dom@3.2.47:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-ArXrFTjS6TsDei4qwNvgrdmHtD930KgSKGhS5M+j8QxXrDJYLqYw4RRcDy1bz1m1wMmb6j+zGLifdVHtkXA7gA==}
@@ -4105,7 +4112,6 @@ packages:
       '@vue/runtime-core': 3.3.4
       '@vue/shared': 3.3.4
       csstype: 3.1.2
-    dev: true
 
   /@vue/server-renderer@3.2.47(vue@3.2.47):
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-dN9gc1i8EvmP9RCzvneONXsKfBRgqFeFZLurmHOveL7oH6HiFXJw5OGu294n1nHc/HMgTy6LulU/tv5/A7f/LA==}
@@ -4124,14 +4130,12 @@ packages:
       '@vue/compiler-ssr': 3.3.4
       '@vue/shared': 3.3.4
       vue: 3.3.4
-    dev: true
 
   /@vue/shared@3.2.47:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-BHGyyGN3Q97EZx0taMQ+OLNuZcW3d37ZEVmEAyeoA9ERdGvm9Irc/0Fua8SNyOtV1w6BS4q25wbMzJujO9HIfQ==}
 
   /@vue/shared@3.3.4:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-7OjdcV8vQ74eiz1TZLzZP4JwqM5fA94K6yntPS5Z25r9HDuGNzaGdgvwKYq6S+MxwF0TFRwe50fIR/MYnakdkQ==}
-    dev: true
 
   /@vueuse/core@10.1.2(vue@3.3.4):
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-roNn8WuerI56A5uiTyF/TEYX0Y+VKlhZAF94unUfdhbDUI+NfwQMn4FUnUscIRUhv3344qvAghopU4bzLPNFlA==}
@@ -5222,7 +5226,6 @@ packages:
 
   /csstype@3.1.2:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-I7K1Uu0MBPzaFKg4nI5Q7Vs2t+3gWWW648spaF+Rg7pI9ds18Ugn+lvg4SHczUdKlHI5LWBXyqfS8+DufyBsgQ==}
-    dev: true
 
   /d@1.0.1:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-m62ShEObQ39CfralilEQRjH6oAMtNCV1xJyEx5LpRYUVN+EviphDgUc/F3hnYbADmkiNs67Y+3ylmlG7Lnu+FA==}
@@ -10278,7 +10281,6 @@ packages:
       '@vue/runtime-dom': 3.3.4
       '@vue/server-renderer': 3.3.4(vue@3.3.4)
       '@vue/shared': 3.3.4
-    dev: true
 
   /vuex@4.1.0(vue@3.2.47):
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-hmV6UerDrPcgbSy9ORAtNXDr9M4wlNP4pEFKye4ujJF8oqgFFuxDCdOLS3eNoRTtq5O3hoBDh9Doj1bQMYHRbQ==}
@@ -10579,7 +10581,7 @@ packages:
     dependencies:
       slash3: /slash@3.0.0
       slash5: /slash@5.0.0
-      vue: 3.2.47
+      vue: 3.3.4
     dev: false
 
   file:playground/external/dep-that-requires:
@@ -10589,7 +10591,7 @@ packages:
     dependencies:
       slash3: /slash@3.0.0
       slash5: /slash@5.0.0
-      vue: 3.2.47
+      vue: 3.3.4
     dev: false
 
   file:playground/import-assertion/import-assertion-dep: