integration-tests.yml

# AUTOGENERATED by pre-commit, modify the .in file instead.

# integration-tests.yml.in is used to generate integration-tests.yml by
# expanding yaml anchors, because github actions don't support them
# (https://github.com/actions/runner/issues/1182).  pre-commit will do this for
# you automatically.


name: Integration Tests
on:
  workflow_dispatch:
  pull_request:
    branches-ignore: ['llvm-**']
  merge_group:
    branches: [main, 'dev-**']
    types: [checks_requested]
  push:
    branches: [main]
concurrency:
  group: ${{ github.ref }}
  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.ref != 'refs/heads/main' }}
permissions: read-all
env:
  TRITON_BUILD_WITH_CLANG_LLD: "TRUE"
  TRITON_USE_ASSERT_ENABLED_LLVM: "TRUE"
  TRITON_DISABLE_LINE_INFO: 1
  PROTON_SKIP_PC_SAMPLING_TEST: 1
jobs:
  Runner-Preparation:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    timeout-minutes: 30
    outputs:
      matrix-CUDA: ${{ steps.set-matrix.outputs.matrix-CUDA }}
      matrix-HIP: ${{ steps.set-matrix.outputs.matrix-HIP }}
      matrix-MACOS: ${{ steps.set-matrix.outputs.matrix-MACOS }}
    steps:
      - name: Decide pre-submit integration test enablement
        # Always enable integration tests for pre-submit pull requests.
        if: github.event_name == 'pull_request'
        run: |
          echo "enable_integration=true" >> $GITHUB_ENV
      - name: Checkout post-submit commits
        if: github.event_name == 'push'
        uses: actions/checkout@v4
        with:
          # Only fetch two commits to check the latest changed files.
          fetch-depth: 2
      - name: Detect if build deps (e.g. LLVM hash) changed
        id: detect-change
        if: github.event_name == 'push'
        uses: tj-actions/changed-files@v45
        with:
          files: |
            cmake/*.txt
            cmake/*.json
      - name: Detect if enough time has passed since last post-submit run
        id: detect-time
        if: github.event_name == 'push'
        run: |
          GITHUB_TOKEN=${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
          REPO_NAME="${{ github.repository }}"
          # ID of integration-tests workflow
          WORKFLOW_ID="11678186"

          # Fetch the last run time of this workflow
          LAST_RUN=$(curl -s \
            -H "Authorization: token $GITHUB_TOKEN" \
            -H "Accept: application/vnd.github.v3+json" \
            "https://api.github.com/repos/$REPO_NAME/actions/workflows/$WORKFLOW_ID/runs?branch=main&status=success&per_page=1" \
            | jq -r '.workflow_runs[0].updated_at')

          # Convert to timestamp
          LAST_RUN_TS=$(date -d "$LAST_RUN" +%s)
          NOW_TS=$(date +%s)
          DIFF=$(( (NOW_TS - LAST_RUN_TS) / 3600 )) # Difference in hours

          echo "Last run was $DIFF hours ago."

          if [ "$DIFF" -ge 4 ]; then
            echo "Will run CI; last build was long enough ago."
            echo "n_hours_since_last_run=true" >> $GITHUB_ENV
          else
            echo "Will not run CI; last build was too recent."
            echo "n_hours_since_last_run=false" >> $GITHUB_ENV
          fi
      # We want to run integration tests on the main branch (i.e. post-submit)
      # occasionally, because pre-submit CI caches will only read from caches
      # generated from the main branch (or the PR's branch), and we want these
      # caches to be recent.
      #
      # But we also don't want to run the tests on *every* commit, because this
      # would compete for resources with pre-commit CI (and the whole point of
      # caching is to speed up CI).
      #
      # As a compromise, run every N hours, or if a build dependency changes
      # (e.g.  we update the LLVM hash).
      - name: Decide whether to run integration tests post-submit
        if: |
          github.event_name == 'push' &&
          (steps.detect-change.outputs.any_changed == 'true' ||
           env.n_hours_since_last_run == 'true')
        run: |
          echo "enable_integration=true" >> $GITHUB_ENV
      - name: Prepare runner matrix
        id: set-matrix
        if: env.enable_integration == 'true'
        run: |
          if [ x"${{ github.repository }}" == x"triton-lang/triton" ]; then
            echo '::set-output name=matrix-CUDA::[["a100-runner-set"], ["h100-runner-set"]]'
            echo '::set-output name=matrix-HIP::[["self-hosted", "gfx90a"], ["self-hosted", "gfx942"]]'
            echo '::set-output name=matrix-MACOS::[["macos-latest"]]'
          else
            echo '::set-output name=matrix-CUDA::["ubuntu-latest"]'
            echo '::set-output name=matrix-HIP::["ubuntu-latest"]'
            echo '::set-output name=matrix-MACOS::[["macos-latest"]]'
          fi
  pre-commit:
    name: pre-commit (code formatting)
    needs: Runner-Preparation
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - name: Checkout
        uses: actions/checkout@v4
      - uses: actions/setup-python@v5
        with:
          python-version: '3.12'
          cache: 'pip'
      - name: Compute hash of pre-commit config
        id: cache-key
        run: |
          echo "pre_commit_hash=$(sha256sum .pre-commit-config.yaml | cut -d ' ' -f 1)" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
        shell: bash
      - name: Cache pre-commit's cache dir
        uses: actions/cache@v4
        with:
          # Note that we cannot use environment variables here given there is
          # no shell to interpret them in the paths.
          path: |
            ~/.cache/pre-commit
          key: ${{ runner.os }}-${{ steps.cache-key.outputs.pre_commit_hash }}
      - name: Check pre-commit
        run: |
          python3 -m pip install --upgrade pre-commit
          # TODO: ignore the first yapf failure until https://github.com/google/yapf/issues/1164 is fixed
          python3 -m pre_commit run --all-files --verbose yapf &> /dev/null || true
          # If first run of yapf worked and made changes reset the tree to the original state
          git reset --hard
          python3 -m pre_commit run --all-files --verbose
      - name: Print diff of changes if pre-commit failed
        if: failure()
        run: |
          git diff
  Integration-Tests:
    needs: Runner-Preparation
    if: needs.Runner-Preparation.outputs.matrix-CUDA != ''
    runs-on: ${{ matrix.runner }}
    timeout-minutes: 30
    strategy:
      matrix:
        runner: ${{fromJson(needs.Runner-Preparation.outputs.matrix-CUDA)}}
    steps:
      - name: Checkout
        uses: actions/checkout@v4
        with:
          submodules: "true"
      - name: Compute cache keys
        id: cache-key
        run: |
          llvm_file="cmake/llvm-hash.txt"
          nvidia_file="cmake/nvidia-toolchain-version.json"
          json_file="cmake/json-version.txt"

          # Check if files exist before proceeding
          if [[ ! -f "$llvm_file" || ! -f "$nvidia_file" || ! -f "$json_file" ]]; then
            echo "Error: Required dependency files are missing."
            exit 1
          fi

          # Process the files if they exist
          echo "llvm=$(cat $llvm_file | cut -c 1-8)" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
          echo "nvidia=$(sha256sum $nvidia_file | cut -d ' ' -f 1)" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
          echo "json=$(cat $json_file)" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
          echo "datetime=$(date -u -Iseconds)" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
        shell: bash
      - name: Cache build dependencies
        uses: actions/cache@v4
        with:
          # Note that we cannot use environment variables here given there is
          # no shell to interpret them in the paths.
          path: |
            ~/.triton/llvm
            ~/.triton/nvidia
            ~/.triton/json
          key: ${{ runner.os }}-${{ runner.arch }}-llvm-${{ steps.cache-key.outputs.llvm }}-nvidia-${{ steps.cache-key.outputs.nvidia }}-json-${{ steps.cache-key.outputs.json }}
      - # Cache ~/.triton/cache because the vast majority of unit test time is
        # spent compiling.  Triton won't (well, should not) use these cached files
        # if something internal to Triton changes, because Triton's internal
        # source code is part of the cache key.
        #
        # Similarly, cache ~/.cache/ccache to speed up compilation.
        #
        # On branch `main` we always start from an empty cache, i.e. we skip the
        # "restore" step.  This is to prevent the caches from accumulating stale
        # files over time.
        name: Restore cache of ccache and Triton compilation artifacts
        if: github.event_name != 'push'
        uses: actions/cache/restore@v4
        with:
          path: |
            ~/.triton/cache
            ~/.cache/ccache
          # Restore the most recent cache entry.
          restore-keys: triton-artifacts-${{ runner.os }}-${{ runner.arch }}-${{ runner.name }}-llvm-${{ steps.cache-key.outputs.llvm }}-
          # We expect this cache key never to hit and for us to fall back
          # unconditionally to the restore-key, so it doesn't actually matter
          # what we put here (so long as it doesn't hit an existing key).
          key: triton-artifacts-${{ runner.os }}-${{ runner.arch }}-${{ runner.name }}-llvm-${{ steps.cache-key.outputs.llvm }}-${{ steps.cache-key.outputs.datetime }}
      - name: Inspect cache directory
        run: |
          mkdir -p ~/.triton
          ls -alh ~/.triton
      - name: Update PATH
        run: |
          echo "$HOME/.local/bin" >> $GITHUB_PATH
      - name: Install pip dependencies
        run: |
          python3 -m pip install --upgrade pip
          python3 -m pip install cython setuptools wheel cmake==3.24 ninja pytest-forked pytest-xdist lit
      - name: Install Triton
        env:
          TRITON_BUILD_WITH_CCACHE: "true"
          CUDA_HOME: "/usr/local/cuda"
        run: |
          echo "PATH is '$PATH'"
          cd python
          python3 -m pip install '.[tests]'
      - name: Run lit tests
        run: |
          cd python
          LIT_TEST_DIR="build/$(ls build | grep -i cmake)/test"
          if [ ! -d "${LIT_TEST_DIR}" ]; then
            echo "Coult not find '${LIT_TEST_DIR}'" ; exit -1
          fi
          lit -v "${LIT_TEST_DIR}"
      - name: Run python tests on CUDA
        run: |
          INSTRUMENTATION_LIB_DIR="${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}/python/build/$(ls python/build | grep -i lib)/triton/instrumentation"
          if [ ! -d "${INSTRUMENTATION_LIB_DIR}" ]; then
            echo "Coult not find '${INSTRUMENTATION_LIB_DIR}'" ; exit -1
          fi
          cd python/test/unit
          python3 -m pytest -s -n 8 --ignore=hopper/test_flashattention.py --ignore=language/test_line_info.py --ignore=language/test_subprocess.py --ignore=test_debug.py
          python3 -m pytest -s -n 8 language/test_subprocess.py
          python3 -m pytest -s -n 8 test_debug.py --forked
          # Run test_line_info.py separately with TRITON_DISABLE_LINE_INFO=0
          TRITON_DISABLE_LINE_INFO=0 python3 -m pytest -s language/test_line_info.py
          # Run hopper/test_flashattention.py separately to avoid out of gpu memory
          python3 -m pytest -s hopper/test_flashattention.py
          TRITON_ALWAYS_COMPILE=1 TRITON_DISABLE_LINE_INFO=0 LLVM_PASS_PLUGIN_PATH=${INSTRUMENTATION_LIB_DIR}/libGPUInstrumentationTestLib.so \
          python3 -m pytest --capture=tee-sys -rfs -vvv instrumentation/test_gpuhello.py
      - name: Run interpreter tests
        if: ${{ matrix.runner[0] == 'h100-runner-set' }}
        env:
          TRITON_INTERPRET: "1"
        run: |
          cd python/test/unit
          python3 -m pytest -s -n 16 -m interpreter language/test_core.py language/test_standard.py \
           language/test_random.py language/test_block_pointer.py language/test_subprocess.py language/test_line_info.py \
           runtime/test_autotuner.py::test_kwargs[False]\
           ../../tutorials/06-fused-attention.py::test_op --device cpu
      - name: Run C++ unittests
        run: |
          cd python
          cd "build/$(ls build | grep -i cmake)"
          ctest -j32
      - name: Run Proton tests
        env:
          LD_LIBRARY_PATH: "/usr/local/cuda/extras/CUPTI/lib64:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH"
        run: |
          cd third_party/proton
          python3 -m pytest -s test
      - # If we're on branch `main`, save the ccache Triton compilation artifacts
        # to the cache so they can be used by other (non-main) CI runs.
        #
        # (It wouldn't be a problem to save the cache on every run, because github
        # evicts cache entries LRU, but maybe this saves a bit of time in CI.)
        name: Save ccache and Triton compilation artifacts to cache
        if: github.ref == 'refs/heads/main'
        uses: actions/cache/save@v4
        with:
          path: ~/.triton/cache ~/.cache/ccache
          key: triton-artifacts-${{ runner.os }}-${{ runner.arch }}-${{ runner.name }}-llvm-${{ steps.cache-key.outputs.llvm }}-${{ steps.cache-key.outputs.datetime }}
      - name: Inspect cache directories
        run: |
          mkdir -p ~/.triton
          ls -alh ~/.triton
          du -sh ~/.triton/**

          mkdir -p ~/.cache/ccache
          ls -alh ~/.cache/ccache
          du -sh ~/.cache/ccache
  Integration-Tests-AMD:
    needs: Runner-Preparation
    if: needs.Runner-Preparation.outputs.matrix-HIP != ''
    runs-on: ${{ matrix.runner }}
    timeout-minutes: 30
    strategy:
      matrix:
        runner: ${{fromJson(needs.Runner-Preparation.outputs.matrix-HIP)}}
    name: Integration-Tests (${{matrix.runner[1] == 'gfx90a' && 'mi210' || 'mi300x'}})
    container:
      image: rocm/pytorch:rocm6.1_ubuntu22.04_py3.10_pytorch_2.4
      options: --device=/dev/kfd --device=/dev/dri --security-opt seccomp=unconfined --group-add video --user root
    steps:
      - name: Checkout
        uses: actions/checkout@v4
        with:
          submodules: 'true'
      - name: Compute cache keys
        id: cache-key
        run: |
          llvm_file="cmake/llvm-hash.txt"
          nvidia_file="cmake/nvidia-toolchain-version.json"
          json_file="cmake/json-version.txt"

          # Check if files exist before proceeding
          if [[ ! -f "$llvm_file" || ! -f "$nvidia_file" || ! -f "$json_file" ]]; then
            echo "Error: Required dependency files are missing."
            exit 1
          fi

          # Process the files if they exist
          echo "llvm=$(cat $llvm_file | cut -c 1-8)" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
          echo "nvidia=$(sha256sum $nvidia_file | cut -d ' ' -f 1)" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
          echo "json=$(cat $json_file)" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
          echo "datetime=$(date -u -Iseconds)" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
        shell: bash
      - name: Cache build dependencies
        uses: actions/cache@v4
        with:
          # Note that we cannot use environment variables here given there is
          # no shell to interpret them in the paths.
          path: |
            ~/.triton/llvm
            ~/.triton/nvidia
            ~/.triton/json
          key: ${{ runner.os }}-${{ runner.arch }}-llvm-${{ steps.cache-key.outputs.llvm }}-nvidia-${{ steps.cache-key.outputs.nvidia }}-json-${{ steps.cache-key.outputs.json }}
      - # Cache ~/.triton/cache because the vast majority of unit test time is
        # spent compiling.  Triton won't (well, should not) use these cached files
        # if something internal to Triton changes, because Triton's internal
        # source code is part of the cache key.
        #
        # Similarly, cache ~/.cache/ccache to speed up compilation.
        #
        # On branch `main` we always start from an empty cache, i.e. we skip the
        # "restore" step.  This is to prevent the caches from accumulating stale
        # files over time.
        name: Restore cache of ccache and Triton compilation artifacts
        if: github.event_name != 'push'
        uses: actions/cache/restore@v4
        with:
          path: |
            ~/.triton/cache
            ~/.cache/ccache
          # Restore the most recent cache entry.
          restore-keys: triton-artifacts-${{ runner.os }}-${{ runner.arch }}-${{ runner.name }}-llvm-${{ steps.cache-key.outputs.llvm }}-
          # We expect this cache key never to hit and for us to fall back
          # unconditionally to the restore-key, so it doesn't actually matter
          # what we put here (so long as it doesn't hit an existing key).
          key: triton-artifacts-${{ runner.os }}-${{ runner.arch }}-${{ runner.name }}-llvm-${{ steps.cache-key.outputs.llvm }}-${{ steps.cache-key.outputs.datetime }}
      - name: Inspect cache directory
        run: |
          mkdir -p ~/.triton
          ls -alh ~/.triton
      - name: Update PATH
        run: |
          echo "/opt/rocm/llvm/bin" >> $GITHUB_PATH
      - name: Install pip dependencies
        run: |
          python3 -m pip install --upgrade pip
          python3 -m pip install lit
      - name: Install Triton
        id: amd-install-triton
        run: |
          echo "PATH is '$PATH'"
          pip uninstall -y triton
          cd python
          pip install -v -e '.[tests]'
      - name: Clean up after an unsuccessful build
        if: ${{ !success() && steps.amd-install-triton.outcome != 'success' }}
        run: |
          rm -rf ~/.triton
      - name: Run lit tests
        run: |
          cd python
          LIT_TEST_DIR="build/$(ls build | grep -i cmake)/test"
          if [ ! -d "${LIT_TEST_DIR}" ]; then
            echo "Coult not find '${LIT_TEST_DIR}'" ; exit -1
          fi
          lit -v "${LIT_TEST_DIR}"
      - name: Run python tests on HIP
        run: |
          INSTRUMENTATION_LIB_DIR="${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}/python/triton/instrumentation"
          if [ ! -d "${INSTRUMENTATION_LIB_DIR}" ]; then
            echo "Coult not find '${INSTRUMENTATION_LIB_DIR}'" ; exit -1
          fi
          pytest --capture=tee-sys -rfs python/tutorials/06-fused-attention.py
          cd python/test/unit
          pytest --capture=tee-sys -rfs -n 16 language runtime \
                 --ignore=language/test_line_info.py \
                 --ignore=test_debug.py
          # TODO: uncomment
          # pytest --capture=tee-sys -rfs test_debug.py
          TRITON_ALWAYS_COMPILE=1 TRITON_DISABLE_LINE_INFO=0 LLVM_PASS_PLUGIN_PATH=${INSTRUMENTATION_LIB_DIR}/libGPUInstrumentationTestLib.so \
          pytest --capture=tee-sys -rfs -vvv instrumentation/test_gpuhello.py

          # Run test_line_info.py separately with TRITON_DISABLE_LINE_INFO=0
          TRITON_DISABLE_LINE_INFO=0 python3 -m pytest -s -n 8 language/test_line_info.py
      - name: Run Proton tests
        run: |
          cd third_party/proton
          python3 -m pytest test
      - name: Run C++ unittests
        run: |
          cd python
          cd "build/$(ls build | grep -i cmake)"
          ctest -j32
      - # If we're on branch `main`, save the ccache Triton compilation artifacts
        # to the cache so they can be used by other (non-main) CI runs.
        #
        # (It wouldn't be a problem to save the cache on every run, because github
        # evicts cache entries LRU, but maybe this saves a bit of time in CI.)
        name: Save ccache and Triton compilation artifacts to cache
        if: github.ref == 'refs/heads/main'
        uses: actions/cache/save@v4
        with:
          path: ~/.triton/cache ~/.cache/ccache
          key: triton-artifacts-${{ runner.os }}-${{ runner.arch }}-${{ runner.name }}-llvm-${{ steps.cache-key.outputs.llvm }}-${{ steps.cache-key.outputs.datetime }}
      - name: Inspect cache directories
        run: |
          mkdir -p ~/.triton
          ls -alh ~/.triton
          du -sh ~/.triton/**

          mkdir -p ~/.cache/ccache
          ls -alh ~/.cache/ccache
          du -sh ~/.cache/ccache
      - name: Clean up caches
        run: |
          rm -rf ~/.triton/cache
  Build-Tests:
    needs: Runner-Preparation
    if: needs.Runner-Preparation.outputs.matrix-MACOS != ''
    runs-on: ${{ matrix.runner }}
    timeout-minutes: 30
    strategy:
      matrix:
        runner: ${{fromJson(needs.Runner-Preparation.outputs.matrix-MACOS)}}
    steps:
      - name: Checkout
        uses: actions/checkout@v4
        with:
          submodules: "true"
      - name: Install brew dependencies
        run: |
          brew update
          brew install ccache llvm@19 lld
      - name: Compute cache keys
        id: cache-key
        run: |
          llvm_file="cmake/llvm-hash.txt"
          nvidia_file="cmake/nvidia-toolchain-version.json"
          json_file="cmake/json-version.txt"

          # Check if files exist before proceeding
          if [[ ! -f "$llvm_file" || ! -f "$nvidia_file" || ! -f "$json_file" ]]; then
            echo "Error: Required dependency files are missing."
            exit 1
          fi

          # Process the files if they exist
          echo "llvm=$(cat $llvm_file | cut -c 1-8)" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
          echo "nvidia=$(sha256sum $nvidia_file | cut -d ' ' -f 1)" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
          echo "json=$(cat $json_file)" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
          echo "datetime=$(date -u -Iseconds)" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
        shell: bash
      - name: Cache build dependencies
        uses: actions/cache@v4
        with:
          # Note that we cannot use environment variables here given there is
          # no shell to interpret them in the paths.
          path: |
            ~/.triton/llvm
            ~/.triton/nvidia
            ~/.triton/json
          key: ${{ runner.os }}-${{ runner.arch }}-llvm-${{ steps.cache-key.outputs.llvm }}-nvidia-${{ steps.cache-key.outputs.nvidia }}-json-${{ steps.cache-key.outputs.json }}
      - # Cache ~/.triton/cache because the vast majority of unit test time is
        # spent compiling.  Triton won't (well, should not) use these cached files
        # if something internal to Triton changes, because Triton's internal
        # source code is part of the cache key.
        #
        # Similarly, cache ~/.cache/ccache to speed up compilation.
        #
        # On branch `main` we always start from an empty cache, i.e. we skip the
        # "restore" step.  This is to prevent the caches from accumulating stale
        # files over time.
        name: Restore cache of ccache and Triton compilation artifacts
        if: github.event_name != 'push'
        uses: actions/cache/restore@v4
        with:
          path: |
            ~/.triton/cache
            ~/.cache/ccache
          # Restore the most recent cache entry.
          restore-keys: triton-artifacts-${{ runner.os }}-${{ runner.arch }}-${{ runner.name }}-llvm-${{ steps.cache-key.outputs.llvm }}-
          # We expect this cache key never to hit and for us to fall back
          # unconditionally to the restore-key, so it doesn't actually matter
          # what we put here (so long as it doesn't hit an existing key).
          key: triton-artifacts-${{ runner.os }}-${{ runner.arch }}-${{ runner.name }}-llvm-${{ steps.cache-key.outputs.llvm }}-${{ steps.cache-key.outputs.datetime }}
      - name: Inspect cache directory
        run: |
          mkdir -p ~/.triton
          ls -alh ~/.triton
      - name: Update PATH
        run: |
          echo "$HOME/.local/bin" >> $GITHUB_PATH
          echo "/opt/homebrew/opt/llvm/bin" >> $GITHUB_PATH
      - name: Install pip dependencies
        run: |
          python3 -m venv ~/.venv
          source ~/.venv/bin/activate
          python3 -m pip install --upgrade pip
          python3 -m pip install cython setuptools wheel cmake==3.24 ninja pytest-xdist lit pybind11
      - name: Install Triton
        env:
          TRITON_BUILD_WITH_CCACHE: "true"
          TRITON_BUILD_WITH_O1: "true"
          # macos-latest has 3 vcpus and 7GB DRAM, to save memory we limit the number of jobs to 3
          # https://docs.github.com/en/actions/using-github-hosted-runners/about-github-hosted-runners/about-github-hosted-runners#standard-github-hosted-runners-for-public-repositories
          MAX_JOBS: 3
        run: |
          source ~/.venv/bin/activate
          echo "PATH is '$PATH'"
          cd python
          python3 -m pip install --no-build-isolation .
      - # If we're on branch `main`, save the ccache Triton compilation artifacts
        # to the cache so they can be used by other (non-main) CI runs.
        #
        # (It wouldn't be a problem to save the cache on every run, because github
        # evicts cache entries LRU, but maybe this saves a bit of time in CI.)
        name: Save ccache and Triton compilation artifacts to cache
        if: github.ref == 'refs/heads/main'
        uses: actions/cache/save@v4
        with:
          path: ~/.triton/cache ~/.cache/ccache
          key: triton-artifacts-${{ runner.os }}-${{ runner.arch }}-${{ runner.name }}-llvm-${{ steps.cache-key.outputs.llvm }}-${{ steps.cache-key.outputs.datetime }}
      - name: Inspect cache directories
        run: |
          mkdir -p ~/.triton
          ls -alh ~/.triton
          du -sh ~/.triton/**

          mkdir -p ~/.cache/ccache
          ls -alh ~/.cache/ccache
          du -sh ~/.cache/ccache