diff --git a/changelog/fix_an_error_for_style_case_like_if.md b/changelog/fix_an_error_for_style_case_like_if.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..364a285ff35a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog/fix_an_error_for_style_case_like_if.md
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+* [#12690](https://github.com/rubocop/rubocop/issues/12690): Fix an error for `Style/CaseLikeIf` when using `==` with literal and using ternary operator. ([@koic][])
diff --git a/lib/rubocop/cop/style/case_like_if.rb b/lib/rubocop/cop/style/case_like_if.rb
index 164cee902f0b..76ad79114119 100644
--- a/lib/rubocop/cop/style/case_like_if.rb
+++ b/lib/rubocop/cop/style/case_like_if.rb
@@ -230,7 +230,7 @@ def condition_from_binary_op(lhs, rhs, target)
 
         def branch_conditions(node)
           conditions = []
-          while node&.if_type?
+          while node&.if_type? && !node.ternary?
             conditions << node.condition
             node = node.else_branch
           end
diff --git a/spec/rubocop/cop/style/case_like_if_spec.rb b/spec/rubocop/cop/style/case_like_if_spec.rb
index 651193b8a0e2..bf05818af26d 100644
--- a/spec/rubocop/cop/style/case_like_if_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/rubocop/cop/style/case_like_if_spec.rb
@@ -59,6 +59,26 @@
     RUBY
   end
 
+  it 'registers an offense when using `==` with literal and using ternary operator' do
+    expect_offense(<<~RUBY)
+      if foo == 1
+      ^^^^^^^^^^^ Convert `if-elsif` to `case-when`.
+      elsif foo == 2
+      else
+        foo == 3 ? bar : baz
+      end
+    RUBY
+
+    expect_correction(<<~RUBY)
+      case foo
+      when 1
+      when 2
+      else
+        foo == 3 ? bar : baz
+      end
+    RUBY
+  end
+
   it 'does not register an offense when using `==` with method call with arguments' do
     expect_no_offenses(<<~RUBY)
       if x == foo(1)