client_wasm.go

// Copyright (c) HashiCorp, Inc.
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MPL-2.0

//go:build wasm

package plugin

import (
	"bufio"
	"context"
	"crypto/subtle"
	"crypto/tls"
	"errors"
	"fmt"
	"hash"
	"io"
	"io/ioutil"
	"net"
	"os"
	"os/exec"
	"strconv"
	"strings"
	"sync"
	"sync/atomic"
	"time"

	"github.com/hashicorp/go-hclog"
	"github.com/magodo/chanio"
	"github.com/magodo/go-wasmww"
	"github.com/ziyeqf/go-wasm-conn"

	"google.golang.org/grpc"
)

const unrecognizedRemotePluginMessage = `Unrecognized remote plugin message: %s
This usually means
  the plugin was not compiled for this architecture,
  the plugin is missing dynamic-link libraries necessary to run,
  the plugin is not executable by this process due to file permissions, or
  the plugin failed to negotiate the initial go-plugin protocol handshake
%s`

// If this is 1, then we've called CleanupClients. This can be used
// by plugin RPC implementations to change error behavior since you
// can expected network connection errors at this point. This should be
// read by using sync/atomic.
var Killed uint32 = 0

// This is a slice of the "managed" clients which are cleaned up when
// calling Cleanup
var managedClients = make([]*Client, 0, 5)
var managedClientsLock sync.Mutex

// Error types
var (
	// ErrProcessNotFound is returned when a client is instantiated to
	// reattach to an existing process and it isn't found.
	ErrProcessNotFound = errors.New("Reattachment process not found")

	// ErrChecksumsDoNotMatch is returned when binary's checksum doesn't match
	// the one provided in the SecureConfig.
	ErrChecksumsDoNotMatch = errors.New("checksums did not match")

	// ErrSecureNoChecksum is returned when an empty checksum is provided to the
	// SecureConfig.
	ErrSecureConfigNoChecksum = errors.New("no checksum provided")

	// ErrSecureNoHash is returned when a nil Hash object is provided to the
	// SecureConfig.
	ErrSecureConfigNoHash = errors.New("no hash implementation provided")

	// ErrSecureConfigAndReattach is returned when both Reattach and
	// SecureConfig are set.
	ErrSecureConfigAndReattach = errors.New("only one of Reattach or SecureConfig can be set")
)

// Client handles the lifecycle of a plugin application. It launches
// plugins, connects to them, dispenses interface implementations, and handles
// killing the process.
//
// Plugin hosts should use one Client for each plugin executable. To
// dispense a plugin type, use the `Client.Client` function, and then
// cal `Dispense`. This awkward API is mostly historical but is used to split
// the client that deals with subprocess management and the client that
// does RPC management.
//
// See NewClient and ClientConfig for using a Client.
type Client struct {
	config            *ClientConfig
	exited            bool
	l                 sync.Mutex
	address           net.Addr
	process           *os.Process
	client            ClientProtocol
	protocol          Protocol
	logger            hclog.Logger
	doneCtx           context.Context
	ctxCancel         context.CancelFunc
	negotiatedVersion int

	// clientWaitGroup is used to manage the lifecycle of the plugin management
	// goroutines.
	clientWaitGroup sync.WaitGroup

	// stderrWaitGroup is used to prevent the command's Wait() function from
	// being called before we've finished reading from the stderr pipe.
	stderrWaitGroup sync.WaitGroup

	// processKilled is used for testing only, to flag when the process was
	// forcefully killed.
	processKilled bool

	workerConn *wasmww.WasmWebWorkerConn
	usedSn     []string
}

// NegotiatedVersion returns the protocol version negotiated with the server.
// This is only valid after Start() is called.
func (c *Client) NegotiatedVersion() int {
	return c.negotiatedVersion
}

// ClientConfig is the configuration used to initialize a new
// plugin client. After being used to initialize a plugin client,
// that configuration must not be modified again.
// ClientConfig is the configuration used to initialize a new
// plugin client. After being used to initialize a plugin client,
// that configuration must not be modified again.
type ClientConfig struct {
	// HandshakeConfig is the configuration that must match servers.
	HandshakeConfig

	// Plugins are the plugins that can be consumed.
	// The implied version of this PluginSet is the Handshake.ProtocolVersion.
	Plugins PluginSet

	// VersionedPlugins is a map of PluginSets for specific protocol versions.
	// These can be used to negotiate a compatible version between client and
	// server. If this is set, Handshake.ProtocolVersion is not required.
	VersionedPlugins map[int]PluginSet

	// One of the following must be set, but not both.
	//
	// Cmd is the unstarted subprocess for starting the plugin. If this is
	// set, then the Client starts the plugin process on its own and connects
	// to it.
	//
	// Reattach is configuration for reattaching to an existing plugin process
	// that is already running. This isn't common.
	Cmd      *exec.Cmd
	Reattach *ReattachConfig

	// SecureConfig is configuration for verifying the integrity of the
	// executable. It can not be used with Reattach.
	SecureConfig *SecureConfig

	// TLSConfig is used to enable TLS on the RPC client.
	TLSConfig *tls.Config

	// Managed represents if the client should be managed by the
	// plugin package or not. If true, then by calling CleanupClients,
	// it will automatically be cleaned up. Otherwise, the client
	// user is fully responsible for making sure to Kill all plugin
	// clients. By default the client is _not_ managed.
	Managed bool

	// The minimum and maximum port to use for communicating with
	// the subprocess. If not set, this defaults to 10,000 and 25,000
	// respectively.
	MinPort, MaxPort uint

	// StartTimeout is the timeout to wait for the plugin to say it
	// has started successfully.
	StartTimeout time.Duration

	// If non-nil, then the stderr of the client will be written to here
	// (as well as the log). This is the original os.Stderr of the subprocess.
	// This isn't the output of synced stderr.
	Stderr io.Writer

	// SyncStdout, SyncStderr can be set to override the
	// respective os.Std* values in the plugin. Care should be taken to
	// avoid races here. If these are nil, then this will be set to
	// ioutil.Discard.
	SyncStdout io.Writer
	SyncStderr io.Writer

	// AllowedProtocols is a list of allowed protocols. If this isn't set,
	// then only netrpc is allowed. This is so that older go-plugin systems
	// can show friendly errors if they see a plugin with an unknown
	// protocol.
	//
	// By setting this, you can cause an error immediately on plugin start
	// if an unsupported protocol is used with a good error message.
	//
	// If this isn't set at all (nil value), then only net/rpc is accepted.
	// This is done for legacy reasons. You must explicitly opt-in to
	// new protocols.
	AllowedProtocols []Protocol

	// Logger is the logger that the client will used. If none is provided,
	// it will default to hclog's default logger.
	Logger hclog.Logger

	// AutoMTLS has the client and server automatically negotiate mTLS for
	// transport authentication. This ensures that only the original client will
	// be allowed to connect to the server, and all other connections will be
	// rejected. The client will also refuse to connect to any server that isn't
	// the original instance started by the client.
	//
	// In this mode of operation, the client generates a one-time use tls
	// certificate, sends the public x.509 certificate to the new server, and
	// the server generates a one-time use tls certificate, and sends the public
	// x.509 certificate back to the client. These are used to authenticate all
	// rpc connections between the client and server.
	//
	// Setting AutoMTLS to true implies that the server must support the
	// protocol, and correctly negotiate the tls certificates, or a connection
	// failure will result.
	//
	// The client should not set TLSConfig, nor should the server set a
	// TLSProvider, because AutoMTLS implies that a new certificate and tls
	// configuration will be generated at startup.
	//
	// You cannot Reattach to a server with this option enabled.
	AutoMTLS bool

	// GRPCDialOptions allows plugin users to pass custom grpc.DialOption
	// to create gRPC connections. This only affects plugins using the gRPC
	// protocol.
	GRPCDialOptions []grpc.DialOption

	WasmWorkerConn *wasmww.WasmWebWorkerConn
}

// ReattachConfig is used to configure a client to reattach to an
// already-running plugin process. You can retrieve this information by
// calling ReattachConfig on Client.
type ReattachConfig struct {
	Protocol        Protocol
	ProtocolVersion int
	Addr            net.Addr
	Pid             int

	// Test is set to true if this is reattaching to to a plugin in "test mode"
	// (see ServeConfig.Test). In this mode, client.Kill will NOT kill the
	// process and instead will rely on the plugin to terminate itself. This
	// should not be used in non-test environments.
	Test bool
}

// SecureConfig is used to configure a client to verify the integrity of an
// executable before running. It does this by verifying the checksum is
// expected. Hash is used to specify the hashing method to use when checksumming
// the file.  The configuration is verified by the client by calling the
// SecureConfig.Check() function.
//
// The host process should ensure the checksum was provided by a trusted and
// authoritative source. The binary should be installed in such a way that it
// can not be modified by an unauthorized user between the time of this check
// and the time of execution.
type SecureConfig struct {
	Checksum []byte
	Hash     hash.Hash
}

// Check takes the filepath to an executable and returns true if the checksum of
// the file matches the checksum provided in the SecureConfig.
func (s *SecureConfig) Check(filePath string) (bool, error) {
	if len(s.Checksum) == 0 {
		return false, ErrSecureConfigNoChecksum
	}

	if s.Hash == nil {
		return false, ErrSecureConfigNoHash
	}

	file, err := os.Open(filePath)
	if err != nil {
		return false, err
	}
	defer file.Close()

	_, err = io.Copy(s.Hash, file)
	if err != nil {
		return false, err
	}

	sum := s.Hash.Sum(nil)

	return subtle.ConstantTimeCompare(sum, s.Checksum) == 1, nil
}

// This makes sure all the managed subprocesses are killed and properly
// logged. This should be called before the parent process running the
// plugins exits.
//
// This must only be called _once_.
func CleanupClients() {
	// Set the killed to true so that we don't get unexpected panics
	atomic.StoreUint32(&Killed, 1)

	// Kill all the managed clients in parallel and use a WaitGroup
	// to wait for them all to finish up.
	var wg sync.WaitGroup
	managedClientsLock.Lock()
	for _, client := range managedClients {
		wg.Add(1)

		go func(client *Client) {
			client.Kill()
			wg.Done()
		}(client)
	}
	managedClientsLock.Unlock()

	wg.Wait()
}

// Creates a new plugin client which manages the lifecycle of an external
// plugin and gets the address for the RPC connection.
//
// The client must be cleaned up at some point by calling Kill(). If
// the client is a managed client (created with NewManagedClient) you
// can just call CleanupClients at the end of your program and they will
// be properly cleaned.
func NewClient(config *ClientConfig) (c *Client) {
	if config.Stderr == nil {
		config.Stderr = ioutil.Discard
	}

	if config.SyncStdout == nil {
		config.SyncStdout = ioutil.Discard
	}
	if config.SyncStderr == nil {
		config.SyncStderr = ioutil.Discard
	}

	if config.AllowedProtocols == nil {
		config.AllowedProtocols = []Protocol{ProtocolNetRPC}
	}

	if config.StartTimeout == 0 {
		config.StartTimeout = 1 * time.Minute
	}

	if config.Logger == nil {
		config.Logger = hclog.New(&hclog.LoggerOptions{
			Output: hclog.DefaultOutput,
			Level:  hclog.Trace,
			Name:   "plugin",
		})
	}

	c = &Client{
		config:     config,
		logger:     config.Logger,
		workerConn: config.WasmWorkerConn,
	}
	if config.Managed {
		managedClientsLock.Lock()
		managedClients = append(managedClients, c)
		managedClientsLock.Unlock()
	}

	return
}

// Client returns the protocol client for this connection.
//
// Subsequent calls to this will return the same client.
func (c *Client) Client() (ClientProtocol, error) {
	_, err := c.Start()
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	c.l.Lock()
	defer c.l.Unlock()

	if c.client != nil {
		return c.client, nil
	}

	switch c.protocol {
	case ProtocolNetRPC:
		c.client, err = newRPCClient(c)
	case ProtocolGRPC:
		c.client, err = newGRPCClient(c.doneCtx, c)
	default:
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unknown server protocol: %s", c.protocol)
	}

	if err != nil {
		c.client = nil
		return nil, err
	}

	return c.client, nil
}

// Tells whether or not the underlying process has exited.
func (c *Client) Exited() bool {
	c.l.Lock()
	defer c.l.Unlock()
	return c.exited
}

// killed is used in tests to check if a process failed to exit gracefully, and
// needed to be killed.
func (c *Client) killed() bool {
	c.l.Lock()
	defer c.l.Unlock()
	return c.processKilled
}

// End the executing subprocess (if it is running) and perform any cleanup
// tasks necessary such as capturing any remaining logs and so on.
//
// This method blocks until the process successfully exits.
//
// This method can safely be called multiple times.
func (c *Client) Kill() {
	c.workerConn.Terminate()
}

// peTypes is a list of Portable Executable (PE) machine types from https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/debug/pe-format
// mapped to GOARCH types. It is not comprehensive, and only includes machine types that Go supports.
var peTypes = map[uint16]string{
	0x14c:  "386",
	0x1c0:  "arm",
	0x6264: "loong64",
	0x8664: "amd64",
	0xaa64: "arm64",
}

// Start the underlying subprocess, communicating with it to negotiate
// a port for RPC connections, and returning the address to connect via RPC.
//
// This method is safe to call multiple times. Subsequent calls have no effect.
// Once a client has been started once, it cannot be started again, even if
// it was killed.
func (c *Client) Start() (addr net.Addr, err error) {
	c.l.Lock()
	defer c.l.Unlock()

	if c.address != nil {
		return c.address, nil
	}

	if c.config.VersionedPlugins == nil {
		c.config.VersionedPlugins = make(map[int]PluginSet)
	}

	// handle all plugins as versioned, using the handshake config as the default.
	version := int(c.config.ProtocolVersion)

	// Make sure we're not overwriting a real version 0. If ProtocolVersion was
	// non-zero, then we have to just assume the user made sure that
	// VersionedPlugins doesn't conflict.
	if _, ok := c.config.VersionedPlugins[version]; !ok && c.config.Plugins != nil {
		c.config.VersionedPlugins[version] = c.config.Plugins
	}

	var versionStrings []string
	for v := range c.config.VersionedPlugins {
		versionStrings = append(versionStrings, strconv.Itoa(v))
	}

	c.workerConn.Env = []string{
		"PLUGIN_PROTOCOL_VERSIONS=" + strings.Join(versionStrings, ","),
		c.config.MagicCookieKey + "=" + c.config.MagicCookieValue,
	}

	stdout_r, stdout_w, err := chanio.Pipe()
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	c.workerConn.Stdout = stdout_w

	c.logger.Debug("starting plugin", "path", c.workerConn.Path, "args", c.workerConn.Args)
	if err := c.workerConn.Start(); err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	c.logger.Debug("plugin started")

	defer func() {
		r := recover()

		if err != nil || r != nil {
			c.workerConn.Terminate()
		}

		if r != nil {
			panic(r)
		}
	}()

	// Create a context for when we kill
	c.doneCtx, c.ctxCancel = context.WithCancel(context.Background())

	c.clientWaitGroup.Add(1)
	// Goroutine to mark exit status
	go func() {
		//defer c.clientWaitGroup.Done()
		//
		//// ensure the context is cancelled when we're done
		//defer c.ctxCancel()
		//
		//// wait to finish reading from stderr since the stderr pipe reader
		//// will be closed by the subsequent call to cmd.Wait().
		//c.stderrWaitGroup.Wait()
		//
		// TODO: it will block the other goroutine to read the event chanel
		//// block on the event channel, it will unblock when the plugin exits.
		//for range c.workerConn.EventChannel() {
		//	ticker := time.NewTicker(time.Second)
		//	defer ticker.Stop()
		//	<-ticker.C
		//}
		//
		//c.l.Lock()
		//defer c.l.Unlock()
		//c.exited = true
	}()

	linesCh := make(chan string)
	c.clientWaitGroup.Add(1)
	go func() {
		defer c.clientWaitGroup.Done()
		defer close(linesCh)

		scanner := bufio.NewScanner(stdout_r)
		for scanner.Scan() {
			linesCh <- scanner.Text()
		}
	}()

	c.clientWaitGroup.Add(1)
	defer func() {
		go func() {
			defer c.clientWaitGroup.Done()
			for range linesCh {
			}
		}()
	}()

	// Some channels for the next step
	timeout := time.After(c.config.StartTimeout)

	// Start looking for the address
	c.logger.Debug("waiting for WASM handshake address")

	select {
	case <-timeout:
		err = errors.New("timeout while waiting for plugin to start")
	case <-c.doneCtx.Done():
		err = errors.New("plugin exited before we could connect")
	case line := <-linesCh:
		line = strings.TrimSpace(line)
		parts := strings.SplitN(line, "|", 6)
		if len(parts) < 4 {
			err = fmt.Errorf(unrecognizedRemotePluginMessage, line)
			return
		}

		// Check the core protocol. Wrapped in a {} for scoping.
		{
			var coreProtocol int
			coreProtocol, err = strconv.Atoi(parts[0])
			if err != nil {
				err = fmt.Errorf("Error parsing core protocol version: %s", err)
				return
			}

			if coreProtocol != CoreProtocolVersion {
				err = fmt.Errorf("Incompatible core API version with plugin. "+
					"Plugin version: %s, Core version: %d\n\n"+
					"To fix this, the plugin usually only needs to be recompiled.\n"+
					"Please report this to the plugin author.", parts[0], CoreProtocolVersion)
				return
			}
		}

		// Test the API version
		version, pluginSet, err := c.checkProtoVersion(parts[1])
		if err != nil {
			return addr, err
		}
		// set the Plugins value to the compatible set, so the version
		// doesn't need to be passed through to the ClientProtocol
		// implementation.
		c.config.Plugins = pluginSet
		c.negotiatedVersion = version
		c.logger.Debug("using plugin", "version", version)

		switch parts[2] {
		case "wasm":
			addr = wasmconn.NewWasmAddr(parts[3])
		default:
			err = fmt.Errorf("Unknown address type: %s", parts[3])
		}

		c.protocol = ProtocolNetRPC
		if len(parts) >= 5 {
			c.protocol = Protocol(parts[4])
		}

		found := false
		for _, p := range c.config.AllowedProtocols {
			if p == c.protocol {
				found = true
				break
			}
		}
		if !found {
			err = fmt.Errorf("Unsupported plugin protocol %q. Supported: %v",
				c.protocol, c.config.AllowedProtocols)
			return addr, err
		}
	}

	c.address = addr
	return
}

// checkProtoVersion returns the negotiated version and PluginSet.
// This returns an error if the server returned an incompatible protocol
// version, or an invalid handshake response.
func (c *Client) checkProtoVersion(protoVersion string) (int, PluginSet, error) {
	serverVersion, err := strconv.Atoi(protoVersion)
	if err != nil {
		return 0, nil, fmt.Errorf("Error parsing protocol version %q: %s", protoVersion, err)
	}

	// record these for the error message
	var clientVersions []int

	// all versions, including the legacy ProtocolVersion have been added to
	// the versions set
	for version, plugins := range c.config.VersionedPlugins {
		clientVersions = append(clientVersions, version)

		if serverVersion != version {
			continue
		}
		return version, plugins, nil
	}

	return 0, nil, fmt.Errorf("Incompatible API version with plugin. "+
		"Plugin version: %d, Client versions: %d", serverVersion, clientVersions)
}

// Protocol returns the protocol of server on the remote end. This will
// start the plugin process if it isn't already started. Errors from
// starting the plugin are surpressed and ProtocolInvalid is returned. It
// is recommended you call Start explicitly before calling Protocol to ensure
// no errors occur.
func (c *Client) Protocol() Protocol {
	_, err := c.Start()
	if err != nil {
		return ProtocolInvalid
	}

	return c.protocol
}

func netAddrDialer(addr net.Addr) func(string, time.Duration) (net.Conn, error) {
	return func(_ string, _ time.Duration) (net.Conn, error) {
		// Connect to the client
		conn, err := net.Dial(addr.Network(), addr.String())
		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
		if tcpConn, ok := conn.(*net.TCPConn); ok {
			// Make sure to set keep alive so that the connection doesn't die
			tcpConn.SetKeepAlive(true)
		}

		return conn, nil
	}
}

// dialer is compatible with grpc.WithDialer and creates the connection
// to the plugin.
func (c *Client) dialer(_ string, timeout time.Duration) (net.Conn, error) {
	return wasmconn.NewWasmDialer(c.address.String(), c.workerConn).Dial()
}

var stdErrBufferSize = 64 * 1024