feat: postgres_fdw demo (#66)

* feat: postgres_fdw demo

* fix: use envinronment variables in postgres init.sh

postgres-fdw/.gitignore

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+/prometheus-data
+/prometheus.yml
+greptime.env
+greptime.env.bak

postgres-fdw/README.md

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+# GreptimeDB for Postgres_fdw
+
+This docker-compose file demos how to configure GreptimeDB with Postgres foreign
+data wrapper so that you can query GreptimeDB from vanilla Postgres.
+
+This demo uses [Vector](https://vector.dev) as a data source to generate demo
+logs and ingest into GreptimeDB with built-in GreptimeDB sink.
+
+## How to run this demo
+
+Ensure you have `git`, `docker`, `docker-compose` and `psql` client
+installed. Docker Compose version 2.24 or higher is required. To run this
+demo:
+
+```shell
+git clone https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/demo-scene.git
+cd demo-scene/postgres-fdw
+docker compose up
+```
+
+You can access GreptimeDB using `psql` client. Just run `psql -h 127.0.0.1 -p
+4003 -d public` to connect to the database and use SQL query like `SHOW TABLES`
+as a start.
+
+```
+psql -h 127.0.0.1 -p 4003 -d public
+psql (16.5, server 16.3-greptimedb-0.11.0)
+Type "help" for help.
+
+public=> show tables;
+     Tables
+----------------
+ demo_logs_json
+ numbers
+(2 rows)
+```
+
+Next, use `psql` to access vanilla postgres using `psql -h 127.0.0.1 -p 5432 -U
+postgres`. You can check foreign servers and tables, query data from the remote
+GreptimeDB.
+
+```
+psql -h 127.0.0.1 -p 5432 -U postgres
+psql (16.5, server 17.2 (Debian 17.2-1.pgdg120+1))
+WARNING: psql major version 16, server major version 17.
+         Some psql features might not work.
+Type "help" for help.
+
+postgres=# \d
+                   List of relations
+ Schema |       Name        |     Type      |  Owner
+--------+-------------------+---------------+----------
+ public | ft_demo_logs_json | foreign table | postgres
+(1 row)
+
+postgres=# \des
+           List of foreign servers
+    Name    |  Owner   | Foreign-data wrapper
+------------+----------+----------------------
+ greptimedb | postgres | postgres_fdw
+(1 row)
+
+postgres=# SELECT count(*) FROM ft_demo_logs_json;
+ count
+-------
+   754
+(1 row)
+
+postgres=# SELECT count(*) FROM ft_demo_logs_json WHERE method = 'GET';
+ count
+-------
+   109
+(1 row)
+
+postgres=# SELECT * FROM ft_demo_logs_json WHERE method = 'GET' ORDER BY greptime_timestamp DESC LIMIT 10;
+ bytes |       datetime       |      host      | method | protocol |                        referer                         |           request            | status | user-identifier |     greptime_timestamp
+-------+----------------------+----------------+--------+----------+--------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------+--------+-----------------+----------------------------
+ 17367 | 13/Dec/2024:07:33:54 | 241.75.77.209  | GET    | HTTP/1.0 | https://up.nu/booper/bopper/mooper/mopper              | /wp-admin                    | 301    | BronzeGamer     | 2024-12-13 07:33:54.809142
+  1214 | 13/Dec/2024:07:33:52 | 95.95.146.122  | GET    | HTTP/1.1 | https://for.florist/observability/metrics/production   | /booper/bopper/mooper/mopper | 301    | devankoshal     | 2024-12-13 07:33:52.809289
+ 16179 | 13/Dec/2024:07:33:50 | 218.254.51.147 | GET    | HTTP/1.0 | https://up.bradesco/wp-admin                           | /user/booperbot124           | 307    | ahmadajmi       | 2024-12-13 07:33:50.809062
+ 31284 | 13/Dec/2024:07:33:38 | 61.123.107.141 | GET    | HTTP/1.0 | https://random.author/observability/metrics/production | /secret-info/open-sesame     | 304    | jesseddy        | 2024-12-13 07:33:38.808307
+  2048 | 13/Dec/2024:07:33:32 | 76.30.170.167  | GET    | HTTP/2.0 | https://for.toyota/observability/metrics/production    | /booper/bopper/mooper/mopper | 304    | BryanHorsey     | 2024-12-13 07:33:32.808714
+ 18429 | 13/Dec/2024:07:33:16 | 13.177.187.172 | GET    | HTTP/2.0 | https://we.ikano/apps/deploy                           | /booper/bopper/mooper/mopper | 501    | jesseddy        | 2024-12-13 07:33:16.808657
+ 43773 | 13/Dec/2024:07:33:07 | 39.238.42.248  | GET    | HTTP/1.0 | https://up.caravan/user/booperbot124                   | /do-not-access/needs-work    | 550    | benefritz       | 2024-12-13 07:33:08.809523
+ 26599 | 13/Dec/2024:07:33:04 | 68.55.2.213    | GET    | HTTP/2.0 | https://names.fyi/this/endpoint/prints/money           | /booper/bopper/mooper/mopper | 404    | shaneIxD        | 2024-12-13 07:33:04.808889
+ 38680 | 13/Dec/2024:07:32:57 | 101.219.74.21  | GET    | HTTP/1.0 | https://for.eu/do-not-access/needs-work                | /secret-info/open-sesame     | 400    | b0rnc0nfused    | 2024-12-13 07:32:58.809528
+  3421 | 13/Dec/2024:07:32:56 | 68.52.17.154   | GET    | HTTP/2.0 | https://some.productions/this/endpoint/prints/money    | /apps/deploy                 | 400    | shaneIxD        | 2024-12-13 07:32:56.80887
+(10 rows)
+```
+
+## How it works
+
+The topology is illustrated in this diagram.
+
+```mermaid
+flowchart LR
+  vector[Vector]
+  greptimedb[(GreptimeDB)]
+  postgresql[(PostgreSQL)]
+  psql[psql]
+
+  psql --> |Postgres Wire Protocol| postgresql
+  postgresql --> |Postgres Wire Protocol| greptimedb
+  vector --> |HTTP| greptimedb
+
+  psql --> |Postgres Wire Protocol| greptimedb
+```
+
+To see how we can configure GreptimeDB for `postgres_fdw` extension, see the
+[init.sh](./docker-entrypoint-initdb/init.sh).
+
+## Run in GreptimeCloud
+
+By default, this example writes data into a GreptimeDB instance within the
+docker compose. It's also possible to write to your own GreptimeCloud instance
+by creating a `greptime.env` file from our sample `greptime.env.sample` and
+providing your host, dbname and authentication information.Then use `docker
+compose down` and `docker compose up` to recreate the compose cluster and apply
+new settings.

postgres-fdw/docker-compose.yml

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+services:
+  envsubst:
+    image: docker.io/widerplan/envsubst
+    command: "-i /config_input/vector.toml -o /config_output/vector.toml"
+    volumes:
+      - ./vector.toml:/config_input/vector.toml
+      - config:/config_output
+    env_file:
+      - path: "greptime.env"
+        required: false
+    init: true
+
+  greptimedb:
+    image: docker.io/greptime/greptimedb:v0.11.0
+    command: standalone start --http-addr=0.0.0.0:4000 --rpc-addr=0.0.0.0:4001 --mysql-addr=0.0.0.0:4002 --postgres-addr 0.0.0.0:4003
+    ports:
+      - 4000:4000
+      - 4001:4001
+      - 4002:4002
+      - 4003:4003
+    networks:
+      - demo-network
+    healthcheck:
+      test: [ "CMD", "curl", "-f", "http://127.0.0.1:4000/health" ]
+      interval: 3s
+      timeout: 3s
+      retries: 5
+
+  postgresql:
+    image: docker.io/postgres:17
+    ports:
+      - 5432:5432
+    networks:
+      - demo-network
+    volumes:
+      - ./docker-entrypoint-initdb.d:/docker-entrypoint-initdb.d
+    environment:
+      - POSTGRES_HOST_AUTH_METHOD=trust
+    env_file:
+      - path: "greptime.env"
+        required: false
+
+  vector:
+    image: docker.io/timberio/vector:0.43.X-alpine
+    networks:
+      - demo-network
+    volumes:
+      - config:/config_data
+    command: "-c /config_data/vector.toml"
+    depends_on:
+      envsubst:
+        condition: service_completed_successfully
+
+
+networks:
+  demo-network:
+
+volumes:
+  config:

postgres-fdw/docker-entrypoint-initdb.d/init.sh

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+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+
+set -e
+
+psql -v ON_ERROR_STOP=1 --username "${POSTGRES_USER}" <<-EOSQL
+CREATE EXTENSION postgres_fdw;
+
+CREATE SERVER greptimedb
+FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER postgres_fdw
+OPTIONS (host '${GREPTIME_HOST:=greptimedb}', dbname '${GREPTIME_DB:=public}', port '4003');
+
+CREATE USER MAPPING FOR postgres
+SERVER greptimedb
+OPTIONS (user '${GREPTIME_USERNAME:=greptime}', password '${GREPTIME_PASSWORD:=greptime}');
+
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE ft_demo_logs_json (
+  "bytes" INT8,
+  "datetime" VARCHAR,
+  "host" VARCHAR,
+  "method" VARCHAR,
+  "protocol" VARCHAR,
+  "referer" VARCHAR,
+  "request" VARCHAR,
+  "status" VARCHAR,
+  "user-identifier" VARCHAR,
+  "greptime_timestamp" TIMESTAMP
+)
+SERVER greptimedb
+OPTIONS (table_name 'demo_logs_json');
+
+EOSQL

postgres-fdw/greptime.env.sample

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+GREPTIME_SCHEME=https
+GREPTIME_PORT=443
+
+GREPTIME_HOST=
+GREPTIME_DB=
+GREPTIME_USERNAME=
+GREPTIME_PASSWORD=

postgres-fdw/vector.toml

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+[sources.logs_in]
+type = "demo_logs"
+format = "json"
+
+[transforms.logs_json]
+type = "remap"
+inputs = ["logs_in"]
+source = '''
+. = parse_json!(.message)
+'''
+
+[sinks.logs_out2]
+inputs = ["logs_json"]
+type = "greptimedb_logs"
+endpoint = "${GREPTIME_SCHEME:=http}://${GREPTIME_HOST:=greptimedb}:${GREPTIME_PORT:=4000}"
+compression = "gzip"
+dbname = "${GREPTIME_DB:=public}"
+username = "${GREPTIME_USERNAME}"
+password = "${GREPTIME_PASSWORD}"
+table = "demo_logs_json"