Prepare day 17

2023/Day_17/README.md

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+Link: <https://adventofcode.com/2023/day/17> <br>
+Author: Eric Wastl ([@ericwastl](https://twitter.com/ericwastl)) (2023)
+
+---
+
+## --- Day 17: Clumsy Crucible ---
+
+The lava starts flowing rapidly once the Lava Production Facility is operational. As you , the reindeer offers you a parachute, allowing you to quickly reach Gear Island.
+
+As you descend, your bird's-eye view of Gear Island reveals why you had trouble finding anyone on your way up: half of Gear Island is empty, but the half below you is a giant factory city!
+
+You land near the gradually-filling pool of lava at the base of your new **lavafall**. Lavaducts will eventually carry the lava throughout the city, but to make use of it immediately, Elves are loading it into large [crucibles](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crucible) on wheels.
+
+The crucibles are top-heavy and pushed by hand. Unfortunately, the crucibles become very difficult to steer at high speeds, and so it can be hard to go in a straight line for very long.
+
+To get Desert Island the machine parts it needs as soon as possible, you'll need to find the best way to get the crucible **from the lava pool to the machine parts factory**. To do this, you need to minimize **heat loss** while choosing a route that doesn't require the crucible to go in a **straight line** for too long.
+
+Fortunately, the Elves here have a map (your puzzle input) that uses traffic patterns, ambient temperature, and hundreds of other parameters to calculate exactly how much heat loss can be expected for a crucible entering any particular city block.
+
+For example:
+
+```
+2413432311323
+3215453535623
+3255245654254
+3446585845452
+4546657867536
+1438598798454
+4457876987766
+3637877979653
+4654967986887
+4564679986453
+1224686865563
+2546548887735
+4322674655533
+```
+
+Each city block is marked by a single digit that represents the **amount of heat loss if the crucible enters that block**. The starting point, the lava pool, is the top-left city block; the destination, the machine parts factory, is the bottom-right city block. (Because you already start in the top-left block, you don't incur that block's heat loss unless you leave that block and then return to it.)
+
+Because it is difficult to keep the top-heavy crucible going in a straight line for very long, it can move **at most three blocks** in a single direction before it must turn 90 degrees left or right. The crucible also can't reverse direction; after entering each city block, it may only turn left, continue straight, or turn right.
+
+One way to **minimize heat loss** is this path:
+
+```
+2>>34^>>>1323
+32v>>>35v5623
+32552456v>>54
+3446585845v52
+4546657867v>6
+14385987984v4
+44578769877v6
+36378779796v>
+465496798688v
+456467998645v
+12246868655<v 25465488877v5="" 43226746555v="">
+</v>
+```
+
+This path never moves more than three consecutive blocks in the same direction and incurs a heat loss of only **`102`**.
+
+Directing the crucible from the lava pool to the machine parts factory, but not moving more than three consecutive blocks in the same direction, **what is the least heat loss it can incur?**