Skip to content

Commit

Permalink
More docs tweaks
Browse files Browse the repository at this point in the history
  • Loading branch information
kbarros committed Oct 17, 2023
1 parent 4cf0f4d commit ae2ee55
Showing 1 changed file with 14 additions and 14 deletions.
28 changes: 14 additions & 14 deletions docs/src/renormalization.md
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ interaction strength renormalization that maximizes accuracy.
## Local operators

A quantum spin-$S$ state has $N = 2S + 1$ levels. Each local spin operator
$\hat{\mathcal{S}}^{\{x,y,z\}}$ is faithfully represented as an $N×N$ matrix.
$\hat{S}^{\{x,y,z\}}$ is faithfully represented as an $N×N$ matrix.
These matrices can be accessed using [`spin_matrices`](@ref) for a given label
$S$. For example, the Pauli matrices are associated with $S = 1/2$.

Expand Down Expand Up @@ -69,27 +69,28 @@ $\langle \hat{\mathcal H}_{\mathrm{local}} \rangle$ must somehow be approximated
as a function of the expected dipole $\mathbf{s}$.

One possibility is to formally take the $S \to \infty$ limit, whereby each spin
operator $\hat{\mathcal{S}}$ is replaced by its expectation value $\mathbf{s}$.
operator $\hat{\mathbf{S}}$ is replaced by its expectation value $\mathbf{s}$.
Correspondingly, each Stevens operator $\hat{\mathcal{O}}_{k,q}$ is replaced by
the Stevens _function_ $\mathcal{O}_{k,q}(\mathbf{s})$, which is a polynomial of
the expected dipole $\mathbf{s}$ rather than of the spin operators
$\hat{\mathcal{S}}$.
$\hat{\mathbf{S}}$.

In a real magnetic compound, however, the spin magnitude $S$ may not be large,
and to achieve a better approximation one should avoid the large-$S$ limit. The
strategy is to begin with the full dynamics of SU(_N_) coherent states, and then
constrain it to the space of pure dipole states $|\mathbf{s}\rangle$. The latter
are defined such that expectation values,
and a better approximation should avoid the large-$S$ limit. For this, one can
begin with the full dynamics of SU(_N_) coherent states, and then constrain it
to the space of pure dipole states $|\mathbf{s}\rangle$. The latter are defined
such that expectation values,
```math
\langle \mathbf{s}| \hat{\mathcal{S}^\alpha} | \mathbf{s}\rangle = s^\alpha,
\langle \mathbf{s}| \hat{\mathbf{S}} | \mathbf{s}\rangle = \mathbf{s},
```
yield the maximum expected dipole magnitude, $|\mathbf{s}| = S$.
have magnitude $|\mathbf{s}| = S$, which is maximal.

For pure dipole states, it can be demonstrated that
```math
\langle \mathbf{s}| \hat{\mathcal{O}^\alpha} | \mathbf{s}\rangle = c_k \mathcal{O}_{k,q}(\mathbf{s}),
\langle \mathbf{s}| \hat{\mathcal{O}} | \mathbf{s}\rangle = c_k \mathcal{O}_{k,q}(\mathbf{s}).
```
where the Stevens functions on the right are scaled by the factors,

The right-hand side involves a renormalization of the Stevens functions, where

```math
\begin{align*}
Expand All @@ -110,9 +111,8 @@ _renormalized_ expected energy,
H_{\mathrm{renormalized}}(\mathbf{s}) = \sum_{k, q} c_k A_{k,q} \mathcal{O}_{k,q}(\mathbf{s}).
```

Through these renormalization factors $c_k$, **Sunny avoids the large-$S$
assumption, and gives a more variationally accurate result than traditional
codes**.
Through this renormalization, **Sunny avoids the large-$S$ assumption, and gives
a more variationally accurate result than traditional codes**.

Renormalization also applies to the coupling between different sites. In Sunny,
couplings will often be expressed as a polynomial of spin operators using
Expand Down

0 comments on commit ae2ee55

Please sign in to comment.