feat(middleware): support creation of standalone functions

apps/playground/package.json

@@ -29,6 +29,6 @@
 		"eslint-config-next": "15.0.0-canary.75",
 		"postcss": "8.4.38",
 		"tailwindcss": "3.4.3",
-		"typescript": "^5.5.3"
+		"typescript": "^5.5.4"
 	}
 }

apps/playground/src/lib/safe-action.ts

@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ export const action = createSafeActionClient({
 	const start = Date.now();
 
 	// Here we await the next middleware.
-	const result = await next({ ctx });
+	const result = await next();
 
 	const end = Date.now();
 

packages/next-safe-action/package.json

@@ -82,20 +82,20 @@
 		"semantic-release": "^23.0.8",
 		"tsup": "^8.0.2",
 		"tsx": "^4.11.2",
-		"typescript": "^5.5.3",
+		"typescript": "^5.5.4",
 		"typescript-eslint": "^7.8.0",
 		"valibot": "^0.36.0",
 		"yup": "^1.4.0",
 		"zod": "^3.23.6"
 	},
 	"peerDependencies": {
+		"@sinclair/typebox": ">= 0.33.3",
 		"next": ">= 14.0.0",
 		"react": ">= 18.2.0",
 		"react-dom": ">= 18.2.0",
 		"valibot": ">= 0.36.0",
 		"yup": ">= 1.0.0",
-		"zod": ">= 3.0.0",
-		"@sinclair/typebox": ">= 0.33.3"
+		"zod": ">= 3.0.0"
 	},
 	"peerDependenciesMeta": {
 		"zod": {

packages/next-safe-action/src/__tests__/middleware.test.ts

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import { test } from "node:test";
 import { z } from "zod";
 import {
 	createSafeActionClient,
+	experimental_createMiddleware,
 	formatBindArgsValidationErrors,
 	formatValidationErrors,
 	returnValidationErrors,
@@ -42,8 +43,8 @@ test("instance context value is accessible in server code function", async () =>
 
 test("instance context value is extended in action middleware and both values are accessible in server code function", async () => {
 	const action = ac
-		.use(async ({ next, ctx }) => {
-			return next({ ctx: { ...ctx, bar: "baz" } });
+		.use(async ({ next }) => {
+			return next({ ctx: { bar: "baz" } });
 		})
 		.action(async ({ ctx }) => {
 			return {
@@ -70,7 +71,7 @@ test("instance context value is correctly overridden in subsequent middleware",
 			if (ctx.foo !== "baz") {
 				throw new Error("Expected ctx.foo to be 'baz'");
 			}
-			return next({ ctx });
+			return next();
 		})
 		.action(async ({ ctx }) => {
 			return {
@@ -96,8 +97,8 @@ test("action client inputs are passed to middleware", async () => {
 			})
 		)
 		.bindArgsSchemas([z.object({ age: z.number().positive() })])
-		.use(async ({ clientInput, bindArgsClientInputs, next, ctx }) => {
-			return next({ ctx: { ...ctx, clientInput, bindArgsClientInputs } });
+		.use(async ({ clientInput, bindArgsClientInputs, next }) => {
+			return next({ ctx: { clientInput, bindArgsClientInputs } });
 		})
 		.action(async ({ ctx }) => {
 			return {
@@ -130,9 +131,9 @@ test("happy path execution result from middleware is correct", async () => {
 			})
 		)
 		.bindArgsSchemas([z.object({ age: z.number().positive() })])
-		.use(async ({ next, ctx }) => {
+		.use(async ({ next }) => {
 			// Await action execution.
-			const res = await next({ ctx });
+			const res = await next();
 			middlewareResult = res;
 			return res;
 		})
@@ -176,9 +177,9 @@ test("server error execution result from middleware is correct", async () => {
 			})
 		)
 		.bindArgsSchemas([z.object({ age: z.number().positive() })])
-		.use(async ({ next, ctx }) => {
+		.use(async ({ next }) => {
 			// Await action execution.
-			const res = await next({ ctx });
+			const res = await next();
 			middlewareResult = res;
 			return res;
 		})
@@ -212,9 +213,9 @@ test("validation errors in execution result from middleware are correct", async
 			})
 		)
 		.bindArgsSchemas([z.object({ age: z.number().positive() })])
-		.use(async ({ next, ctx }) => {
+		.use(async ({ next }) => {
 			// Await action execution.
-			const res = await next({ ctx });
+			const res = await next();
 			middlewareResult = res;
 			return res;
 		})
@@ -259,9 +260,9 @@ test("server validation errors in execution result from middleware are correct",
 	const action = ac
 		.schema(schema)
 		.bindArgsSchemas([z.object({ age: z.number().positive() })])
-		.use(async ({ next, ctx }) => {
+		.use(async ({ next }) => {
 			// Await action execution.
-			const res = await next({ ctx });
+			const res = await next();
 			middlewareResult = res;
 			return res;
 		})
@@ -309,9 +310,9 @@ test("flattened validation errors in execution result from middleware are correc
 			})
 		)
 		.bindArgsSchemas([z.object({ age: z.number().positive() })])
-		.use(async ({ next, ctx }) => {
+		.use(async ({ next }) => {
 			// Await action execution.
-			const res = await next({ ctx });
+			const res = await next();
 			middlewareResult = res;
 			return res;
 		})
@@ -326,7 +327,7 @@ test("flattened validation errors in execution result from middleware are correc
 
 	const expectedResult = {
 		success: false,
-		ctx: undefined,
+		ctx: {},
 		validationErrors: {
 			formErrors: [],
 			fieldErrors: {
@@ -360,9 +361,9 @@ test("overridden formatted validation errors in execution result from middleware
 		.bindArgsSchemas([z.object({ age: z.number().positive() })], {
 			handleBindArgsValidationErrorsShape: formatBindArgsValidationErrors,
 		})
-		.use(async ({ next, ctx }) => {
+		.use(async ({ next }) => {
 			// Await action execution.
-			const res = await next({ ctx });
+			const res = await next();
 			middlewareResult = res;
 			return res;
 		})
@@ -377,7 +378,7 @@ test("overridden formatted validation errors in execution result from middleware
 
 	const expectedResult = {
 		success: false,
-		ctx: undefined,
+		ctx: {},
 		validationErrors: {
 			username: {
 				_errors: ["String must contain at most 3 character(s)"],
@@ -394,3 +395,24 @@ test("overridden formatted validation errors in execution result from middleware
 
 	assert.deepStrictEqual(middlewareResult, expectedResult);
 });
+
+test("standalone middleware extends context", async () => {
+	const myMiddleware = experimental_createMiddleware<{ ctx: { foo: string } }>().define(async ({ next }) => {
+		return next({ ctx: { baz: "qux" } });
+	});
+
+	const action = ac.use(myMiddleware).action(async ({ ctx }) => {
+		return {
+			ctx,
+		};
+	});
+
+	const actualResult = await action();
+	const expectedResult = {
+		data: {
+			ctx: { foo: "bar", baz: "qux" },
+		},
+	};
+
+	assert.deepStrictEqual(actualResult, expectedResult);
+});

packages/next-safe-action/src/__tests__/server-error.test.ts

@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ test("unknown error occurred in server code function is masked by default", asyn
 
 test("unknown error occurred in middleware function is masked by default", async () => {
 	const action = ac1
-		.use(async ({ next, ctx }) => next({ ctx }))
+		.use(async ({ next }) => next())
 		.use(async () => {
 			throw new Error("Something bad happened");
 		})
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ test("known error occurred in server code function is unmasked", async () => {
 
 test("known error occurred in middleware function is unmasked", async () => {
 	const action = ac1
-		.use(async ({ next, ctx }) => next({ ctx }))
+		.use(async ({ next }) => next())
 		.use(async () => {
 			throw new ActionError("Something bad happened");
 		})
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ test("error occurred in server code function has the correct shape defined by `h
 
 test("error occurred in middleware function has the correct shape defined by `handleReturnedServerError`", async () => {
 	const action = ac2
-		.use(async ({ next, ctx }) => next({ ctx }))
+		.use(async ({ next }) => next())
 		.use(async () => {
 			throw new Error("Something bad happened");
 		})
@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ test("action throws if an error occurred in server code function and `handleRetu
 
 test("action throws if an error occurred in middleware function and `handleReturnedServerError` rethrows it", async () => {
 	const action = ac3
-		.use(async ({ next, ctx }) => next({ ctx }))
+		.use(async ({ next }) => next())
 		.use(async () => {
 			throw new Error("Something bad happened");
 		})

packages/next-safe-action/src/action-builder.ts

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ import type {
 	ServerCodeFn,
 	StateServerCodeFn,
 } from "./index.types";
-import { ActionMetadataError, DEFAULT_SERVER_ERROR_MESSAGE, isError } from "./utils";
+import { ActionMetadataError, deepMerge, DEFAULT_SERVER_ERROR_MESSAGE, isError } from "./utils";
 import { ActionServerValidationError, ActionValidationError, buildValidationErrors } from "./validation-errors";
 import type {
 	BindArgsValidationErrors,
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ export function actionBuilder<
 	ServerError,
 	MetadataSchema extends Schema | undefined = undefined,
 	MD = MetadataSchema extends Schema ? Infer<Schema> : undefined,
-	Ctx = undefined,
+	Ctx extends object = {},
 	SF extends (() => Promise<Schema>) | undefined = undefined, // schema function
 	S extends Schema | undefined = SF extends Function ? Awaited<ReturnType<SF>> : undefined,
 	const BAS extends readonly Schema[] = [],
@@ -71,8 +71,8 @@ export function actionBuilder<
 				utils?: SafeActionUtils<ServerError, MD, Ctx, S, BAS, CVE, CBAVE, Data>
 			) => {
 				return async (...clientInputs: unknown[]) => {
-					let prevCtx: unknown = undefined;
-					const middlewareResult: MiddlewareResult<ServerError, unknown> = { success: false };
+					let currentCtx: object = {};
+					const middlewareResult: MiddlewareResult<ServerError, object> = { success: false };
 					type PrevResult = SafeActionResult<ServerError, S, BAS, CVE, CBAVE, Data> | undefined;
 					let prevResult: PrevResult | undefined = undefined;
 					const parsedInputDatas: any[] = [];
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ export function actionBuilder<
 						}
 
 						const middlewareFn = args.middlewareFns[idx];
-						middlewareResult.ctx = prevCtx;
+						middlewareResult.ctx = currentCtx;
 
 						try {
 							if (idx === 0) {
@@ -118,10 +118,11 @@ export function actionBuilder<
 								await middlewareFn({
 									clientInput: clientInputs.at(-1), // pass raw client input
 									bindArgsClientInputs: bindArgsSchemas.length ? clientInputs.slice(0, -1) : [],
-									ctx: prevCtx,
+									ctx: currentCtx,
 									metadata: args.metadata,
-									next: async ({ ctx }) => {
-										prevCtx = ctx;
+									next: async (nextOpts) => {
+										currentCtx = deepMerge(currentCtx, nextOpts?.ctx ?? {});
+										// currentCtx = { ...cloneDeep(currentCtx), ...(nextOpts?.ctx ?? {}) };
 										await executeMiddlewareStack(idx + 1);
 										return middlewareResult;
 									},
@@ -196,7 +197,7 @@ export function actionBuilder<
 								scfArgs[0] = {
 									parsedInput: parsedInputDatas.at(-1) as S extends Schema ? Infer<S> : undefined,
 									bindArgsParsedInputs: parsedInputDatas.slice(0, -1) as InferArray<BAS>,
-									ctx: prevCtx as Ctx,
+									ctx: currentCtx as Ctx,
 									metadata: args.metadata,
 								};
 
@@ -234,7 +235,7 @@ export function actionBuilder<
 									args.handleReturnedServerError(error, {
 										clientInput: clientInputs.at(-1), // pass raw client input
 										bindArgsClientInputs: bindArgsSchemas.length ? clientInputs.slice(0, -1) : [],
-										ctx: prevCtx,
+										ctx: currentCtx,
 										metadata: args.metadata as MetadataSchema extends Schema ? Infer<MetadataSchema> : undefined,
 									})
 								);
@@ -246,7 +247,7 @@ export function actionBuilder<
 										returnedError,
 										clientInput: clientInputs.at(-1), // pass raw client input
 										bindArgsClientInputs: bindArgsSchemas.length ? clientInputs.slice(0, -1) : [],
-										ctx: prevCtx,
+										ctx: currentCtx,
 										metadata: args.metadata as MetadataSchema extends Schema ? Infer<MetadataSchema> : undefined,
 									})
 								);
@@ -263,7 +264,7 @@ export function actionBuilder<
 							utils?.onSuccess?.({
 								data: undefined,
 								metadata: args.metadata,
-								ctx: prevCtx as Ctx,
+								ctx: currentCtx as Ctx,
 								clientInput: clientInputs.at(-1) as S extends Schema ? InferIn<S> : undefined,
 								bindArgsClientInputs: (bindArgsSchemas.length ? clientInputs.slice(0, -1) : []) as InferInArray<BAS>,
 								parsedInput: parsedInputDatas.at(-1) as S extends Schema ? Infer<S> : undefined,
@@ -276,7 +277,7 @@ export function actionBuilder<
 						await Promise.resolve(
 							utils?.onSettled?.({
 								metadata: args.metadata,
-								ctx: prevCtx as Ctx,
+								ctx: currentCtx as Ctx,
 								clientInput: clientInputs.at(-1) as S extends Schema ? InferIn<S> : undefined,
 								bindArgsClientInputs: (bindArgsSchemas.length ? clientInputs.slice(0, -1) : []) as InferInArray<BAS>,
 								result: {},
@@ -324,7 +325,7 @@ export function actionBuilder<
 						await Promise.resolve(
 							utils?.onSuccess?.({
 								metadata: args.metadata,
-								ctx: prevCtx as Ctx,
+								ctx: currentCtx as Ctx,
 								data: actionResult.data as Data,
 								clientInput: clientInputs.at(-1) as S extends Schema ? InferIn<S> : undefined,
 								bindArgsClientInputs: (bindArgsSchemas.length ? clientInputs.slice(0, -1) : []) as InferInArray<BAS>,
@@ -338,7 +339,7 @@ export function actionBuilder<
 						await Promise.resolve(
 							utils?.onError?.({
 								metadata: args.metadata,
-								ctx: prevCtx as Ctx,
+								ctx: currentCtx as Ctx,
 								clientInput: clientInputs.at(-1) as S extends Schema ? InferIn<S> : undefined,
 								bindArgsClientInputs: (bindArgsSchemas.length ? clientInputs.slice(0, -1) : []) as InferInArray<BAS>,
 								error: actionResult,
@@ -350,7 +351,7 @@ export function actionBuilder<
 					await Promise.resolve(
 						utils?.onSettled?.({
 							metadata: args.metadata,
-							ctx: prevCtx as Ctx,
+							ctx: currentCtx as Ctx,
 							clientInput: clientInputs.at(-1) as S extends Schema ? InferIn<S> : undefined,
 							bindArgsClientInputs: (bindArgsSchemas.length ? clientInputs.slice(0, -1) : []) as InferInArray<BAS>,
 							result: actionResult,

packages/next-safe-action/src/index.ts

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ import {
 	formatValidationErrors,
 } from "./validation-errors";
 
+export { createMiddleware as experimental_createMiddleware } from "./middleware";
 export { ActionMetadataError, DEFAULT_SERVER_ERROR_MESSAGE } from "./utils";
 export {
 	ActionValidationError,
@@ -55,13 +56,13 @@ export const createSafeActionClient = <
 		>);
 
 	return new SafeActionClient({
-		middlewareFns: [async ({ next }) => next({ ctx: undefined })],
+		middlewareFns: [async ({ next }) => next({ ctx: {} })],
 		handleServerErrorLog,
 		handleReturnedServerError,
 		schemaFn: undefined,
 		bindArgsSchemas: [],
 		validationAdapter: createOpts?.validationAdapter ?? zodAdapter(), // use zod adapter by default
-		ctxType: undefined,
+		ctxType: {},
 		metadataSchema: (createOpts?.defineMetadataSchema?.() ?? undefined) as MetadataSchema,
 		metadata: undefined as MetadataSchema extends Schema ? Infer<MetadataSchema> : undefined,
 		defaultValidationErrorsShape: (createOpts?.defaultValidationErrorsShape ?? "formatted") as ODVES,