Use the clang-format pre-commit hook updated to the latest version

[kounelisagis]

Currently, clang-format runs only on linux in a non-standard way:

TileDB-Py/.github/workflows/format.yml

Lines 15 to 19 in d447f12

	- name: Check formatting (linux only)'
	run: |
	source $GITHUB_WORKSPACE/ci/scripts/check_formatting_linux.sh
	shell: bash
	if: ${{ runner.os == 'Linux' }}

It should be better to use the pypi edition of it: https://pypi.org/project/clang-format/ which also provides pre-commit hook and it's system agnostic.

This PR:

• Introduces the previously mentioned pre-commit hook.
• Copies the .clang-format file from TileDB-SOMA.
• Removes the old method/scripts of executing clang-format.
• Updates all actions/setup-python instances to version 5.
• Updates all actions/checkout instances to version 4.
• Updates ruff and black to their latest versions.
• Reformats the code to reflect the changes above.

---

[sc-43783]

[johnkerl]

@kounelisagis @ihnorton can we perhaps have a discussion about syncing clang-format version changes across packages?

For those of us doing development on a single repo, whatever version the repo is using, the developer can easily switch to.

For those of us doing multi-repo development -- and given that clang-format 14 disagrees with clang-format 18 -- we could have a situation where a given developer needs to switch clang-format versions back & forth when pushing PRs to different packages.

I'm aware of personally:

• Core
• TileDB-Py
• TileDB-SOMA
• TileDB-VCF
• and perhaps others

I'm all in favor of moving "into the future" -- just flagging the opportunity for a synchronize (unless there is such underway and I've missed it).

[kounelisagis]

Rebased onto the main branch