Revert removal of createRequire (emscripten-core#23265)

This change effectively reverts emscripten-core#23169 because it turns out there are
quite a few other places in the codebase that depend on being able to
call `require`.

src/closure-externs/closure-externs.js

@@ -15,6 +15,9 @@
 var EMSCRIPTEN$IMPORT$META;
 var EMSCRIPTEN$AWAIT$IMPORT;
 
+// Don't minify createRequire
+var createRequire;
+
 // Don't minify startWorker which we use to start workers once the runtime is ready.
 /**
  * @param {Object} Module

src/shell.js

@@ -101,12 +101,16 @@ if (ENVIRONMENT_IS_PTHREAD) {
 
 #if ENVIRONMENT_MAY_BE_NODE
 if (ENVIRONMENT_IS_NODE) {
-#if PTHREADS || WASM_WORKERS
 #if EXPORT_ES6
-  var worker_threads = await import('worker_threads');
-#else
-  var worker_threads = require('worker_threads');
+  // When building an ES module `require` is not normally available.
+  // We need to use `createRequire()` to construct the require()` function.
+  const { createRequire } = await import('module');
+  /** @suppress{duplicate} */
+  var require = createRequire('/');
 #endif
+
+#if PTHREADS || WASM_WORKERS
+  var worker_threads = require('worker_threads');
   global.Worker = worker_threads.Worker;
   ENVIRONMENT_IS_WORKER = !worker_threads.isMainThread;
 #if PTHREADS
@@ -191,21 +195,19 @@ if (ENVIRONMENT_IS_NODE) {
   }
 #endif
 
+  // These modules will usually be used on Node.js. Load them eagerly to avoid
+  // the complexity of lazy-loading.
+  var fs = require('fs');
+  var nodePath = require('path');
+
 #if EXPORT_ES6
-  var fs = await import('fs');
-  var nodePath = await import('path');
-  var url = await import('url');
   // EXPORT_ES6 + ENVIRONMENT_IS_NODE always requires use of import.meta.url,
   // since there's no way getting the current absolute path of the module when
   // support for that is not available.
   if (!import.meta.url.startsWith('data:')) {
-    scriptDirectory = nodePath.dirname(url.fileURLToPath(import.meta.url)) + '/';
+    scriptDirectory = nodePath.dirname(require('url').fileURLToPath(import.meta.url)) + '/';
   }
 #else
-  // These modules will usually be used on Node.js. Load them eagerly to avoid
-  // the complexity of lazy-loading.
-  var fs = require('fs');
-  var nodePath = require('path');
   scriptDirectory = __dirname + '/';
 #endif
 

test/other/codesize/test_codesize_minimal_esm.gzsize

@@ -1 +1 @@
-1509
+1541

test/other/codesize/test_codesize_minimal_esm.jssize

@@ -1 +1 @@
-3157
+3210

test/other/test_unoptimized_code_size.js.size

@@ -1 +1 @@
-52851
+52853

test/other/test_unoptimized_code_size_no_asserts.js.size

@@ -1 +1 @@
-28642
+28644

test/other/test_unoptimized_code_size_strict.js.size

@@ -1 +1 @@
-51634
+51636